Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Jude (English → Maithili)
How to Use This Glossary
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological and culturally sensitive term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Jude (1:1-25). Terms already governed by the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked REUSE and must be entered into the Jude translation memory with the identical Maithili rendering — no re-derivation or alternative wording is permitted. Terms new to this curriculum are marked NEW and are proposed here for adoption into the Jude-specific translation memory, extending (never contradicting) the baseline.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys or alters essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision; automated review sufficient.
Table 1: Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English Term | Maithili (transliteration) | Risk | Jude Reference(s) | Status | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | अनुग्रह (anugraha) | Critical | 1:4 | REUSE | Grace-vs-license contrast (v.4) parallels Romans 4:4-5, 11:5-6; add Jude 1:4 as a key passage in the doctrine registry. |
| faith | विश्वास (biswas) | High | 1:3, 1:20 | REUSE | Objective sense (“the faith,” body of teaching) in Jude, distinct from Romans’ more frequent subjective-trust sense; both senses require the same term per baseline precedent. |
| saints / holy ones | पवित्र जन (pavitra jan) | High | 1:3, 1:14 | REUSE | v.14’s “his holy ones” (Enoch citation) may denote angels rather than believers — flag ambiguity in translator note; term itself is unaffected. |
| holy | पवित्र (pavitra) | High | 1:20 (“most holy faith”) | REUSE | |
| called / calling | बजाओल (bajāol) | High | 1:1 | REUSE | |
| salvation / save | उद्धार (uddhār) | Critical | 1:3, 1:5, 1:23 | REUSE | NEVER मुक्ति/मोक्ष. See NEW entry “Savior” below, built on this root. |
| apostle(s) | प्रेरित (prerit) | Medium | 1:17 | REUSE | |
| Lord | प्रभु (prabhu) | Critical | 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | REUSE | Distinguish from NEW term अधिपति (v.4, δεσπότης), a different Greek word for the same referent (Christ). |
| God | परमेश्वर (parameśvar) | Critical | throughout; explicit at 1:1, 1:25 | REUSE | v.25 “only God” (एकमात्र परमेश्वर) is an explicit monotheistic doxological climax. |
| Father | पिता (pitā) | Critical | 1:1 | REUSE | |
| Jesus | यीशु (Yīśu) | Critical | 1:1 and throughout | REUSE | |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा (pavitra ātmā) | Critical | 1:19, 1:20 | REUSE | v.19 negated (“not having the Spirit”) describes the ψυχικοί false teachers; see NEW entry below. |
| peace | शान्ति (śānti) | Medium | 1:2 | REUSE | |
| glory | महिमा (mahimā) | High | 1:8 (δόξαι, “glorious ones”), 1:24, 1:25 | REUSE | Root also underlies NEW term महिमामय जन (v.8) and is kept distinct from NEW term “majesty” (μεγαλωσύνη, v.25). |
| power of God | परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य (parameśvarak sāmarthya) | High | 1:24 (“able to keep”), 1:25 (κράτος) | REUSE | NEVER शक्ति (Shakta-goddess association, e.g. regional Ugratara shrine). |
| prophecy / prophesied | भविष्यवाणी (bhaviṣyavāṇī) | Low | 1:14 | REUSE | Enoch’s prophecy; requires canonicity translator note (1 Enoch is non-canonical). |
| mutual edification (building up) | पारस्परिक उन्नति — verb: उन्नति करब | Low | 1:20 | REUSE | Reflexive here (“build up yourselves”), a slight extension of the baseline’s mutual sense. |
| prayer / intercession | प्रार्थना (prārthanā) | Medium | 1:20 | REUSE | |
| exhort (entreaty sense) | विनती करब (vinatī karab) | Low | 1:3 | REUSE | Baseline distinguishes विनती (entreaty) from उत्साहित करब (encouragement); v.3 requires the entreaty sense. |
Table 2: New Terms Proposed for the Jude Translation Memory
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Maithili Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Jude Reference(s) | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The faith once for all delivered | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ…πίστει | एक बेर सदाक हेतु सौंपल गेल विश्वास | ek ber sadāk hetu saũpal gel biswās | Critical | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | Must close the canon of apostolic teaching against Mithila’s living traditions of open, expanding devotional literature (Vidyapati poetry, Puranic material) and guru-parampara ongoing revelation. Rejected: any phrasing implying an evolving or negotiable tradition. |
| 2 | Contend earnestly (for the faith) | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι | दृढतासँ संघर्ष करब | dṛḍhatāsã̃ saṅgharṣ karab | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | Must convey vigorous, effortful defense, not passive holding. May be culturally bridged to Mithila’s śāstrārth (शास्त्रार्थ) scholarly-debate tradition, but with a note that the doctrine is guarding revealed truth, not winning a disputation on its intellectual merits. |
| 3 | Ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια | परमेश्वरहीन / परमेश्वरहीनता | parameśvarahīn / parameśvarahīnatā | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:15 (x4), 1:18 | Rejected अधर्मी (reintroduces dharma/cosmic-duty framework already rejected in baseline for “righteousness”); rejected भक्तिहीन (reframes ungodliness as lack of bhakti-devotional feeling, validating bhakti as the implicit positive standard). |
| 4 | Sensuality / lewdness / licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια | उच्छृंखलता | ucchṛṅkhalatā | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; Grace | 1:4 | Must convey shameless, boundary-erasing self-indulgence, stronger and more specific than generic अनैतिकता (“immorality”); directly tied to the grace-into-license contrast (see Table 1, “grace”). |
| 5 | Master / sovereign owner | δεσπότης | अधिपति | adhipati | High | Lordship of Christ (extended) | 1:4 | Rejected स्वामी: this is the standing honorific title for a renunciate guru or math (monastic center) head in Mithila’s religious landscape; using it for Christ risks assimilating Him to a regional guru/swami figure among others. |
| 6 | Servant / bondservant | δοῦλος | दास | dās | Medium | Apostleship (self-identification) | 1:1 | Conveys total ownership/belonging, distinct from नौकर (hired servant); standard, dignified NT convention. |
| 7 | Kept / keep (recurring across the letter) | τηρέω / φυλάσσω | सुरक्षित राखल जाएब (passive); टहरब / रखब (active) | surakṣit rākhal jāeb; ṭaharab / rakhab | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:1 (positive, God keeps believers), 1:6 (negative, angels failed to keep their position), 1:13 (negative, judgment reserved), 1:21 (imperative, believers keep themselves), 1:24 (positive, God keeps from stumbling) | Context-sensitive across (at least) four distinct senses, similar to the baseline’s treatment of “called.” Must consistently convey personal, active divine preservation — never a fatalistic or karma-determined outcome (प्रारब्ध), extending the baseline’s caution under providence and assurance_of_salvation. |
| 8 | Angel(s) | ἄγγελος | स्वर्गदूत | svargadūt | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (angels) | 1:6 | Never देवता (would cast angels as minor deities/objects of veneration within the Hindu pantheon); angels are created servants of God, never worshipped. |
| 9 | Archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | प्रधान स्वर्गदूत | pradhān svargadūt | Low-Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:9 | Michael is a created being; avoid phrasing that elevates him toward deva-like semi-divine status. |
| 10 | Devil | διάβολος | शैतान | śaitān | Low-Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:9 | Established transliteration; must be understood as a real, personal, malevolent being, not a regional folk trickster-spirit. |
| 11 | Judgment | κρίμα / κρίσις | न्याय (proceeding/verdict); दण्ड (penalty, where distinct) | nyāya; daṇḍa | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 (κρίμα), 1:6, 1:9, 1:15 (κρίσις) | Must convey a personal God’s forensic judgment, not impersonal karmic justice/consequence — a live risk since न्याय is also used generically for moral/legal justice in Hindu ethical vocabulary. |
| 12 | Eternal (adjective) | αἰώνιος | अनन्त | ananta | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; Doxology | 1:6 (chains), 1:7 (fire), 1:13 (darkness), 1:21 (life) | Avoid सनातन (“Sanatana,” carrying “Sanatana Dharma” associations). अनन्त (“without end”) is the safer established choice. |
| 13 | Eternal fire / eternal punishment | πῦρ αἰώνιον | अनन्त आगि | ananta āgi | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | 1:7 | Distinguish from regional नरक (Narak) concepts of temporary karmic purgation before rebirth; this is final, non-cyclical, unending judgment. Standing translator note required. |
| 14 | Age(s) / eternity (in “before all ages…forever”) | αἰών | काल / सदति काल | kāl / sadati kāl | Critical | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Deliberately avoid युग (yuga): the precise technical term for Hindu cosmology’s cyclical cosmic ages, tied to periodic avatar-descent theology already flagged Critical under the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine. Using यु्ग here would imply God’s eternity is merely the present phase of an ongoing cosmic cycle. |
| 15 | Defile (the flesh) | μιαίνω | दूषित करब | dūṣit karab | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8 | Avoid अशुद्ध/अशुद्धता (ritual impurity register, heavily loaded given Panjikaran lineage-purity and caste-purity norms); दूषित isolates the moral-corruption sense. |
| 16 | Authority / lordship (rejected by false teachers) | κυριότης | प्रभुता | prabhutā | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; Lordship of Christ | 1:8 | Built on प्रभु for consistency with the baseline lord term family. |
| 17 | Glorious ones (angelic beings) | δόξαι | महिमामय जन | mahimāmay jan | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8 | Built on baseline महिमा; requires translator note clarifying reference to angelic beings, not earthly dignitaries. |
| 18 | Dreamers (false-vision claimants) | ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι | स्वप्नद्रष्टा | svapnadraṣṭā | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8 | Contrast with genuine भविष्यवाणी (prophecy, baseline term); false teachers claim counterfeit visionary authority. |
| 19 | Way / path (of Cain) | ὁδός | मार्ग | mārg | Low-Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | Note general collision risk: मार्ग is also the standard Hindu term for a spiritual discipline/path to liberation (bhakti-mārga, etc.); minimal risk in this specific negative usage, but flag for caution wherever “the Way” is used positively elsewhere in the curriculum. |
| 20 | Error / delusion (of Balaam) | πλάνη | भ्रम | bhram | Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | Avoid माया (Advaita Vedanta’s technical term for cosmic illusion); भ्रम is a lighter, safer “mistaken path” sense. |
| 21 | Rebellion / contradiction (of Korah) | ἀντιλογία | विद्रोह | vidroh | Low-Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | Standard term; requires Numbers 16 background note. |
| 22 | Hidden reefs (or: spots/blemishes, textual variant) | σπιλάδες (var. σπίλοι) | छिपल चट्टान | chipal caṭṭān | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:12 | Comprehension risk (inland Mithila lacks direct sea familiarity, though river-flood imagery offers a partial functional equivalent); translators must record which textual reading is followed. |
| 23 | Love feast(s) | ἀγάπαι | प्रेम भोज | prem bhoj | Medium-High | Christian Fellowship (extended) | 1:12 | No direct cultural analog; must be distinguished by note from प्रसाद (Hindu temple-offering food) — this is a shared fellowship meal, not a ritual food-offering returned from a deity. |
| 24 | Wandering star | ἀστέρες πλανῆται | भटकल तारा | bhaṭkal tārā | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:13 | Risk of being read through Mithila’s strong Vedic-astrology / horoscope-matching tradition (tied to Panjikaran matchmaking) as an omen-bearing image rather than Jude’s intended metaphor of moral instability. Standing translator note required. |
| 25 | Convict (declare guilty) | ἐλέγχω | दोषी ठहराएब | doṣī ṭhahrāeb | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers; Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:15, 1:22 (textual variant) | Paired doctrinally with “judgment” (#11) and “ungodly” (#3); in v.22 this word may instead function within the “wavering” cluster depending on the manuscript reading followed. |
| 26 | Lust / (sinful) desire | ἐπιθυμία | अभिलाषा (neutral) / दुष्ट अभिलाषा (negative) | abhilāṣā / duṣṭa abhilāṣā | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:16, 1:18 | Deliberately avoid वासना: a technical term in Hindu Yogic/Vedantic philosophy for karmic impressions carried across lifetimes driving rebirth; using it would import an unwanted karma-and-rebirth framework into a description of ordinary sinful appetite. |
| 27 | Flattery for advantage (showing partiality) | θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν | लाभक हेतु मुँह देखिक’ चाटुकारिता करब | lābhak hetu mũh dekhik’ cāṭukāritā karab | Medium-High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:16 | Maps closely onto Mithila’s caste/lineage-conscious social deference norms (reinforced by Panjikaran-verified status); note must mark this as condemned behavior, not neutral social custom. |
| 28 | Sensual / worldly / soulish (not having the Spirit) | ψυχικός | पवित्र आत्मा-रहित (primary); सांसारिक (light modifier only) | pavitra ātmā-rahit; sāṃsārik | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:19 | सांसारिक derives from संसार, the standard Hindu term for the cycle of worldly existence/rebirth; must not become the doctrinal center of the rendering, which should instead foreground “without the Holy Spirit” (reusing baseline पवित्र आत्मा). |
| 29 | Love (general, ἀγάπη) | ἀγάπη | प्रेम | prem | High | Peace with God (extended); Kept by God | 1:2, 1:12 (love feasts), 1:21 | Established North Indian Bible convention (matches Hindi Bible usage), retained despite risk; standing translator note required distinguishing God’s covenantal, self-giving love from the romantic-devotional प्रेम of Mithila’s Vidyapati Radha-Krishna poetic tradition, especially since Jude pairs “the love of God” directly with a call to holy conduct (v.21), not romantic feeling. |
| 30 | Mercy | ἔλεος | दया | dayā | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23 | Distinct from baseline अनुग्रह (grace) and reserved from baseline’s कृपा (limited by the baseline to “ordinary compassion in non-salvific contexts”); Jude’s uses are doctrinally weighted (mercy unto eternal life, mercy toward wavering believers). Must be understood as personal, Christ-centered compassion, not a generic Hindu devotional address to a chosen deity’s favor. |
| 31 | Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | अनन्त जीवन | ananta jīvan | Critical | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:21 | Serious risk of assimilation to मोक्ष/मुक्ति (the baseline’s own forbidden substitutions for “salvation”); must be understood as unending, personal, relational life with God — never absorption into an impersonal absolute or escape from a rebirth cycle. Standing translator note: “NEVER मोक्ष or मुक्ति.” |
| 32 | Wavering / doubting | διακρινόμενοι | सन्देहग्रस्त | sandehagrasta | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:22 | Must convey internal spiritual instability/doubt (a person struggling within themselves), not merely argumentativeness or external dispute (contrast the same verb root’s different sense at 1:9). |
| 33 | Snatch (from the fire) | ἁρπάζοντες | छीनिक’ बचाएब | chīnik’ bacāeb | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | Vivid urgent-rescue imagery; should retain force and immediacy. |
| 34 | Garment stained by the flesh | ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα | शरीरसँ दागल कपड़ा | śarīrasã̃ dāgal kapṛā | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | Serious collision risk with Mithila’s ritual/caste purity consciousness (touch- and garment-based purity taboos reinforced by Panjikaran norms); standing translator note required distinguishing moral contamination-by-association from ritual/caste pollution. |
| 35 | Blameless | ἄμωμος | निर्दोष | nirdoṣ | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | Must be God’s own gracious presentation/gift (consistent with अनुग्रह), not a moral perfection achieved by the believer; avoid drift toward सतीत्व (baseline’s flagged Sita-modeled achieved-virtue ideal), the same collision the baseline documents for imputed_righteousness. |
| 36 | Savior | σωτήρ | उद्धारकर्ता | uddhārkartā | Critical | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Built directly on baseline उद्धार; never मुक्तिदाता (“giver of liberation [from rebirth]”), which would relocate the baseline’s forbidden moksha/mukti framework onto this agent-noun form. |
| 37 | Majesty | μεγαλωσύνη | महानता / वैभव | mahānatā / vaibhav | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Distinct Greek word from δόξα (“glory,” महिमा); kept as a separate term to avoid collapsing two distinct praise-words into one. |
| 38 | Ungodly deeds / harsh words (supporting vocabulary) | ἔργα ἀσεβείας / σκληρά | अधर्मी काज / कठोर बात | adharmī kāj / kaṭhor bāt | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:15 | Descriptive supporting vocabulary around the central परमेश्वरहीन term (#3); लो-medium risk on its own. |
| 39 | Divisions (causing schism) | ἀποδιορίζοντες | फूट डालनिहार | phūṭ ḍālanihār | Medium | Church as God’s People (extended) | 1:19 | Connects to the baseline’s caution on caste/faction-based church division, though here the division is doctrinal/moral rather than caste-based. |
| 40 | Grumblers / complainers | γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι | बड़बड़ाहा / शिकायती | baṛbaṛāhā / śikāyatī | Low-Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:16 | Descriptive; low doctrinal collision risk. |
Table 3: Proper Names Requiring Transliteration and Background Notes
| English Name | Maithili | Transliteration | Jude Reference | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jude | यहूदा / यूदा (author’s own name; distinguish from Judas Iscariot) | Yahūdā / Yūdā | 1:1 | Follow the established North Indian Bible-translation convention for this name distinct from Judas Iscariot’s rendering; confirm against existing Gospel translations in this curriculum family for consistency. |
| James | याकूब | Yākūb | 1:1 | Standard convention. |
| Michael | मीकाएल | Mīkāel | 1:9 | Standard convention; created being, not a deity — see Table 2 #9. |
| Moses | मूसा | Mūsā | 1:9 (implied, “the body of Moses”) | Reuse the established form already listed in the baseline’s transliteration standards (12_ai_translation_requirements.md). |
| Enoch | हनोक | Hanok | 1:14 | Requires a substantial translator/footnote on the non-canonical status of 1 Enoch, the source of this quotation (see doctrine note under inspiration_of_scripture in the baseline, extended here). |
| Adam | आदम | Ādam | 1:14 | Standard convention; requires brief background note (low OT narrative literacy audience). |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | सदोम आ अमोरा | Sadom ā Amorā | 1:7 | Requires Genesis 19 background note. |
| Cain | कैन | Kain | 1:11 | Requires Genesis 4 background note. |
| Balaam | बिलाम | Bilām | 1:11 | Requires Numbers 22-24, 31:16 background note. |
| Korah | कोरह | Korah | 1:11 | Requires Numbers 16 background note. |
| Egypt | मिस्र | Misra | 1:5 | Standard convention; requires Exodus background note (referenced without the word “Israel” appearing in the Greek text itself). |
Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference Summary
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms (Table 2 #) | Overall Risk |
|---|---|---|
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | #1, #2 | Critical |
| Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | #3, #4, #11, #13, #15, #16, #17, #18, #24, #25, #26, #27, #28, #38, #40 | Critical/High |
| Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | #8, #9, #10, #13, #19, #20, #21, plus Table 1 “salvation” (1:5) | High |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | #30, #31, #32, #33, #34 | Critical/High |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | #7, #31, #35, plus Table 1 “power of God” | Critical/High |
| Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | #14, #36, #37, plus Table 1 “God,” “Lord,” “glory,” “power of God” | Critical |
Summary Risk Counts (New Terms, Table 2)
- Critical: 5 (#1, #14, #31, #36, and “eternal life”/“age(s)” pairing reinforces #13’s fire-judgment context)
- High: 20
- Medium: 12
- Low-Medium: 3
All Critical and High risk terms in this glossary require human theologian review before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the baseline’s established review-routing convention. All new terms proposed here must be written into an updated translation_memory.json (Jude edition) before Phase 2 processing, with version incremented per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans Language Package. Terms marked REUSE must appear with byte-for-byte identical Maithili rendering to translation_memory.json. Terms marked NEW are proposed for theologian review and formal adoption into the Jude translation memory.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace Turned to License
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:4 (‘turn the grace of our God into licentiousness’) is an explicit, direct statement of the grace-versus-license contrast the baseline anticipates from Romans 4:4-5 and 11:5-6; add Jude 1:4 as a key cross-curriculum passage for this doctrine. Never कृपा (reserved for ordinary compassion), never दया (this book’s dedicated term for ἔλεος/mercy, see separate entry).
Salvation Save
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER मुक्ति or मोक्ष. Jude 1:5 (historical deliverance from Egypt) requires a translator note supplying the unnamed Exodus/Israel background; Jude 1:23 (urgent rescue of wavering believers) requires vivid, urgent phrasing.
Savior
Approved rendering: उद्धारकर्ता
Transliteration: uddhārkartā
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिदाता
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW agent-noun term built directly on baseline उद्धार. NEVER मुक्तिदाता (‘giver of liberation [from rebirth]’), which would relocate the baseline’s forbidden moksha/mukti framework onto this agent-noun form. Climactic title for God in the doxology (Jude 1:25).
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Exclusive Lordship
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applied to Christ throughout Jude (1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25). Distinguished from the new term अधिपति (δεσπότης, 1:4), a different Greek word applied to the same referent for rhetorical intensification, not a lesser title.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:25’s एकमात्र परमेश्वर (‘the only God’) is an explicit monotheistic affirmation excluding all other beings from true deity-status — significant given Mithila’s extensive devotional pantheon (Ram, Krishna, Shiva, Durga/Kali, Ugratara shrine). This exclusivity must not be softened.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1: believers are loved ‘in God the Father’ and kept for Jesus Christ.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Exclusive Lordship
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Always paired with Christ/Lord titles in Jude.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sensual Worldliness versus Spirit-Filled Life
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:19 negates it (‘not having the Spirit,’ describing the ψυχικοί false teachers); Jude 1:20 commands praying ‘in the Holy Spirit.’ Never ब्रह्म or परमात्मा.
Gospel Faith Content
Approved rendering: एक बेर सदाक हेतु सौंपल गेल विश्वास
Transliteration: ek ber sadāk hetu saũpal gel biswās
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: परम्परा (implies an ongoing, addable tradition), सिखाओल गेल शिक्षा (generic ‘taught teaching’, does not convey finality)
Original: τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστει
Category: Faith
The single highest-stakes phrase in Jude. Must unmistakably close the canon of apostolic teaching against Mithila’s own living traditions of open, expanding sacred literature (ongoing Puranic composition, Vidyapati’s revered devotional poetry) and guru-parampara models of continuing revelation through a succeeding living teacher. Standing translator note required at first occurrence (Jude 1:3).
Denial Of Lordship
Approved rendering: एकमात्र अधिपति आ प्रभु यीशु ख्रीष्टक इनकार
Transliteration: ekamātra adhipati ā prabhu Yīśu Khrīṣṭak inkār
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Exclusive Lordship
Original: τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἀρνούμενοι
Category: Christology
Compound clause (Jude 1:4) built on अधिपति plus baseline प्रभु; ‘only/exclusive’ (एकमात्र) must be retained so the exclusivity of Christ’s ownership and rule is unmistakable against Mithila’s crowded devotional landscape of multiple venerated figures.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: ananta jīvan
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ति
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Built on अनन्त. Serious risk of assimilation to मोक्ष/मुक्ति, the baseline’s own forbidden substitutions for ‘salvation’ — a ‘compound escapes the blocklist’ risk since neither individual word is itself forbidden. Standing translator note required: ‘अनन्त जीवन is NEVER मोक्ष or मुक्ति’ (Jude 1:21).
Age Eternity
Approved rendering: काल / सदति काल
Transliteration: kāl / sadati kāl
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: युग (precise technical term for Hindu cosmology’s cyclical cosmic ages, tied to periodic avatar-descent theology already flagged Critical under the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine)
Original: αἰών
Category: Eschatology
αἰών in the doxology’s climactic ‘before all time, now, and forever’ (Jude 1:25). Using युग here would risk implying God’s eternity is merely the present phase of an ongoing cosmic cycle rather than linear, unending eternity. The single highest fluency-risk term in the book: यु्ग is the most natural-sounding word and must be deliberately refused.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20, विश्वास is used in its objective sense (the content of apostolic teaching, ‘the faith’), an extension of but not a departure from the baseline’s subjective-trust sense; both senses require the identical term per established precedent.
Saints Holy Ones
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, सती
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:14’s ‘his holy ones’ (within the Enoch citation) may denote angels rather than believers; flag this ambiguity in a translator note without altering the term itself. Never संत or सती.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification through Faith and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:20 uses the superlative ‘most holy faith’; render as अपन परम पवित्र विश्वास, echoing 1:3’s ‘faith once delivered’ for thematic consistency.
Called Calling
Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:1 opens the letter by grounding believers’ identity in being called, loved, and kept — establishing the ‘Kept by God’ doctrine before any exhortation to self-effort appears. Must never shade toward karma/fate-determined destiny (प्रारब्ध).
Kept Preserved
Approved rendering: सुरक्षित राखल जाएब (passive, divine action) / नहि रखलनि (negative, failed to keep) / राखू (imperative, self-keeping) / राखल गेल (reserved, of judgment)
Transliteration: surakṣit rākhal jāeb / nahi rakhalani / rākhū / rākhal gel
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω / φυλάσσω
Category: Sanctification
NEW term family (τηρέω/φυλάσσω), tracked context-sensitively across at least four distinct senses across the letter (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24), analogous to the baseline’s treatment of ‘called.’ Must consistently convey personal, active divine preservation — never a fatalistic or karma-determined outcome (प्रारब्ध), extending the baseline’s caution under providence and assurance_of_salvation.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Root also underlies the new term महिमामय जन (‘glorious ones,’ 1:8) and is kept distinct from the new term ‘majesty’ (μεγαλωσύνη, 1:25) so the two praise-words are not collapsed into one.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Original: δύναμις / κράτος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER शक्ति, given strong Shakta-goddess associations (e.g. the regionally significant Ugratara shrine). Anchors both ‘able to keep you from stumbling’ (1:24) and κράτος in the doxology (1:25).
Prayer
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prārthanā
Doctrine: Sanctification through Faith and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: पूजा, अर्चना
NEW standalone term for this book (the baseline’s directly-defined entry under this doctrine family was ‘intercession’ -> मध्यस्थता; प्रार्थना extends that family for the specific act of prayer named in Jude 1:20, ‘praying in the Holy Spirit’). Must be understood as Spirit-enabled communion with the personal God, not ritual devotional recitation (पूजा/अर्चना, associated with image- or shrine-directed worship).
Contend Earnestly
Approved rendering: दृढतासँ संघर्ष करब
Transliteration: dṛḍhatāsã̃ saṅgharṣ karab
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: विश्वासकेँ बचाएब (too passive), तर्क करब (mere argument, too weak)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
Must convey vigorous, effortful defense (root sense: athletic/military struggle), not passive holding of belief. May be cautiously bridged to Mithila’s śāstrārth (शास्त्रार्थ) scholarly-debate tradition, but only with a note clarifying the doctrine is guarding revealed truth, not winning a disputation on intellectual merits.
Sensuality Licentiousness
Approved rendering: उच्छृंखलता
Transliteration: ucchṛṅkhalatā
Doctrine: Grace Turned to License
Rejected alternatives: अनैतिकता (too generic, lacks the shameless/boundary-erasing force)
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
Must convey shameless, boundary-erasing self-indulgence and must clearly attach to the preceding grace-clause in Jude 1:4 so the mistranslation-into-license logic is not lost.
Master Sovereign Owner
Approved rendering: अधिपति
Transliteration: adhipati
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Exclusive Lordship
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी (standing honorific for a renunciate guru or math-head in Mithila’s religious landscape)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
Deliberately not स्वामी: using it for Christ would assimilate Him to a regional guru/swami figure among several other venerated swamis rather than convey unique, exclusive ownership-authority (δεσπότης, Jude 1:4).
Sensual Soulish
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा-रहित (primary weight); सांसारिक (light modifier only, never doctrinal center)
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā-rahit; sāṃsārik
Doctrine: Sensual Worldliness versus Spirit-Filled Life
Rejected alternatives: सांसारिक used as the primary/sole rendering (risks smuggling in the rebirth-cycle framework of संसार)
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
ψυχικός (Jude 1:19), ‘operating on natural human capacity without the Spirit.’ Rendering must foreground ‘without the Holy Spirit’ (built on baseline पवित्र आत्मा) as the doctrinal center; सांसारिक may only supply light descriptive color.
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: God’s Love and Believers’ Perseverance
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Salvation
NEW standalone term (not present in the baseline Romans package). प्रेम is the established North Indian Bible-translation convention for ἀγάπη, retained here, but requires a standing translator note distinguishing God’s committed, covenantal, self-giving love (Jude 1:2, 1:21) from the romantic-devotional प्रेम of Mithila’s celebrated Vidyapati Radha-Krishna poetic tradition — especially since Jude 1:21 pairs ‘the love of God’ directly with a call to holy conduct (‘keep yourselves’), not romantic feeling.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: कृपा (reserved by baseline for ordinary, non-salvific compassion)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW standalone term, distinct from baseline अनुग्रह (grace). Reserved for Jude’s doctrinally weighted uses of ἔλεος (mercy unto eternal life, 1:21; mercy toward wavering believers, 1:22-23). Must be understood as personal, Christ-centered compassion, not a generic Hindu devotional address to a chosen deity’s favor bestowed in response to devotion. Translator note required at first occurrence (1:2).
Kyriotes Authority Rejected
Approved rendering: प्रभुता
Transliteration: prabhutā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
κυριότης (Jude 1:8), built on the same root as प्रभु (Lord) for consistency with the Lord/Lordship term family. Must read clearly as rejecting Christ’s/God’s own rightful governing authority, not a merely social or institutional authority.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरहीन / परमेश्वरहीनता
Transliteration: parameśvarahīn / parameśvarahīnatā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मी (reframes through धर्म, cosmic/social duty, already rejected in the baseline for ‘righteousness’), भक्तिहीन (implies lack of bhakti-devotional feeling is the real problem, wrongly validating bhakti as the positive standard)
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια, Jude’s defining, six-times-repeated label for the false teachers (1:4, 1:15 [x4], 1:18) — the single greatest concentration of any root term in the book. Built transparently on baseline परमेश्वर. Consistency across all six occurrences is essential.
Defile
Approved rendering: दूषित करब
Transliteration: dūṣit karab
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: अशुद्ध, अशुद्धता
Original: μιαίνω
Category: Sin
μιαίνω (Jude 1:8). Avoid अशुद्ध/अशुद्धता (ritual-purity register, heavily loaded given Panjikaran lineage-purity and caste-purity norms); दूषित isolates the moral-corruption sense.
Lust Desire
Approved rendering: अभिलाषा (neutral) / दुष्ट अभिलाषा (negative, sinful)
Transliteration: abhilāṣā / duṣṭa abhilāṣā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: वासना (Hindu Yogic/Vedantic technical term for karmic impressions carried across lifetimes, driving rebirth)
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
ἐπιθυμία (Jude 1:16, 1:18). Using वासना would import an unwanted karma-and-rebirth mechanism into a simple description of sinful appetite.
Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय (proceeding/verdict) / दण्ड (specific penalty)
Transliteration: nyāya / daṇḍa
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
κρίμα/κρίσις (Jude 1:4, 1:6, 1:9, 1:15). न्याय is used generically in Hindu ethical vocabulary for impersonal karmic consequence as well; anchor consistently with a personal-agent construction (न्यायक हेतु राखल गेल, ‘reserved for judgment [by God]’) so it reads as a personal God’s forensic verdict, not impersonal cosmic balancing.
Convict
Approved rendering: दोषी ठहराएब
Transliteration: doṣī ṭhahrāeb
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Eschatology
ἐλέγχω (Jude 1:15; possibly also 1:22 depending on manuscript reading). Paired doctrinally with ‘judgment’ and ‘ungodly.’ Translators must record which manuscript reading is followed at 1:22, since the word may instead belong to the ‘wavering/doubting’ cluster there.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: अनन्त आगि
Transliteration: ananta āgi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: नरक-linked temporary-purgation vocabulary
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Eschatology
πῦρ αἰώνιον (Jude 1:7), Sodom and Gomorrah’s judgment. Must be distinguished from regional नरक (Narak) concepts of temporary karmic purgation before rebirth; this is final, non-cyclical, unending judgment. Standing translator note required.
Blameless
Approved rendering: निर्दोष
Transliteration: nirdoṣ
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: सतीत्व (baseline’s flagged Sita-modeled achieved-virtue ideal)
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sanctification
ἄμωμος (Jude 1:24). Must be God’s own gracious presentation/gift, consistent with अनुग्रह, not a moral perfection achieved by the believer. The same collision the baseline documents for imputed_righteousness.
Wandering Star
Approved rendering: भटकल तारा
Transliteration: bhaṭkal tārā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
ἀστέρες πλανῆται (Jude 1:13). Risk of being read through Mithila’s strong Vedic-astrology (ज्योतिष) tradition, tied to Panjikaran horoscope-matching, as an omen/destiny-marker rather than Jude’s intended metaphor of moral instability ending in permanent darkness. Standing translator note recommended.
Wavering Doubting
Approved rendering: सन्देहग्रस्त
Transliteration: sandehagrasta
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενοι
Category: Faith
διακρινόμενοι (Jude 1:22), an internal spiritual struggle/doubt within a believer, distinct from the same verb root’s external-dispute sense at 1:9. Central to the ‘Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering’ doctrine.
Garment Stained By Flesh
Approved rendering: शरीरसँ दागल कपड़ा
Transliteration: śarīrasã̃ dāgal kapṛā
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένος χιτών
Category: Sanctification
ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα (Jude 1:23). Serious collision risk with Mithila’s ritual/caste purity consciousness (touch- and clothing-based purity taboos reinforced by Panjikaran norms). A standing translator note is essential, distinguishing moral contamination-by-association from ritual/caste pollution.
Enoch
Approved rendering: हनोक
Transliteration: Hanok
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Citation of a Non-Canonical Text
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Scripture
Proper name (Jude 1:14). Requires a substantial translator note: Jude’s citation of the non-canonical 1 Enoch does not extend canonical status to that book; Jude’s own inspired writing authoritatively quotes a true statement within it, the same way Paul quotes pagan poets in Acts 17:28.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship and Servanthood
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Ministry
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:17 appeals to prior apostolic teaching as the standard against which present false teachers are measured. Never पंडित (Panjikaran genealogical-registry custodian role has no relation to apostolic commissioning).
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Named in Jude’s opening threefold greeting (mercy, peace, love; 1:2), alongside the new terms दया (mercy) and प्रेम (love).
Servant Bondservant
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Apostleship and Servanthood
Rejected alternatives: नौकर (hired household servant, demeaning)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Ministry
Standard, dignified North Indian Bible-translation convention for Jude’s self-identification (1:1) as total, devoted belonging to Christ, a positive identity marker, not menial employment.
Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: महिमामय जन
Transliteration: mahimāmay jan
Doctrine: Angelic Beings and the Created Order
Original: δόξαι
Category: Angelology
Built on baseline महिमा. δόξαι (Jude 1:8), likely angelic powers slandered by the false teachers but not reviled even by Michael the archangel (1:9). Requires a translator note clarifying reference to angelic beings, not earthly dignitaries.
Majesty
Approved rendering: महानता / वैभव
Transliteration: mahānatā / vaibhav
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
μεγαλωσύνη (Jude 1:25) is a distinct Greek praise-word from δόξα (‘glory’); kept as a separate term to avoid collapsing two distinct doxological attributes into one.
Flesh
Approved rendering: शरीर
Transliteration: śarīr
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
σάρξ in Jude (1:7, 1:8, 1:23) is concretely bodily/sexual, not the fuller Pauline flesh-versus-Spirit theological antithesis familiar from Romans. Translator note recommended distinguishing the two uses.
Flattery For Advantage
Approved rendering: लाभक हेतु मुँह देखिक’ चाटुकारिता करब
Transliteration: lābhak hetu mũh dekhik’ cāṭukāritā karab
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν
Category: Sin
Maps closely onto Mithila’s caste/lineage-conscious social deference norms (reinforced by Panjikaran-verified status); a translator note must mark this as condemned self-serving behavior (Jude 1:16), not neutral social deference.
Divisions
Approved rendering: फूट डालनिहार
Transliteration: phūṭ ḍālanihār
Doctrine: Church Unity and Division
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
ἀποδιορίζοντες (Jude 1:19). Connects to the baseline’s caution on caste-based or factional church division; here the division is doctrinal/moral rather than caste-based in origin, but the same unity-versus-division vocabulary applies.
Dreamers
Approved rendering: स्वप्नद्रष्टा
Transliteration: svapnadraṣṭā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι
Category: Scripture
ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι (Jude 1:8). The false teachers claim counterfeit dream-based spiritual authority in place of genuine revelation; contrast against genuine भविष्यवाणी (prophecy).
Eternal
Approved rendering: अनन्त
Transliteration: ananta
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: सनातन (carries strong ‘Sanatana Dharma’ associations)
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
αἰώνιος describes the angels’ chains (1:6), Sodom’s fire (1:7), the false teachers’ reserved darkness (1:13), and eternal life (1:21). Consistent across all four occurrences.
Angel
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: svargadūt
Doctrine: Angelic Beings and the Created Order
Rejected alternatives: देवता (would cast angels as minor deities/objects of veneration within the Hindu pantheon)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
ἄγγελος, Jude 1:6 (fallen angels who did not keep their proper domain). Angels are created servants of the one God, never to be worshipped.
Archangel
Approved rendering: प्रधान स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: pradhān svargadūt
Doctrine: Angelic Beings and the Created Order
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
ἀρχάγγελος, Michael’s title (Jude 1:9). A created being, servant of God; avoid phrasing that elevates him toward deva-like semi-divine status.
Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: śaitān
Doctrine: Angelic Beings and the Created Order
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
διάβολος (Jude 1:9). Established transliterated convention; must be understood as a real, personal, malevolent spiritual being, not merely a regional folk trickster-spirit.
Error Delusion
Approved rendering: भ्रम
Transliteration: bhram
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: माया (Advaita Vedanta’s technical term for cosmic illusion)
Original: πλάνη
Category: Old Testament Types
πλάνη, Balaam’s error committed for profit (Jude 1:11). भ्रम is the safer, lighter ‘mistaken path’ sense.
Hidden Reefs
Approved rendering: छिपल चट्टान
Transliteration: chipal caṭṭān
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: σπιλάδες (variant: σπίλοι)
Category: Judgment
σπιλάδες (variant: σπίλοι), Jude 1:12. Comprehension risk, not doctrinal collision: Mithila is an inland riverine plain without direct sea familiarity. Requires a footnote regardless of which textual reading is followed; translators must record which reading they follow.
Love Feast
Approved rendering: प्रेम भोज
Transliteration: prem bhoj
Doctrine: Church Unity and Division
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
ἀγάπαι (Jude 1:12). No direct cultural analog; must be distinguished by translator note from प्रसाद (Hindu temple-offering food returned to worshippers as a blessing).
Snatch
Approved rendering: छीनिक’ बचाएब
Transliteration: chīnik’ bacāeb
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Faith
ἁρπάζοντες (Jude 1:23), vivid urgent-rescue imagery (‘snatching out of the fire’); should retain force and immediacy.
Michael
Approved rendering: मीकाएल
Transliteration: Mīkāel
Doctrine: Angelic Beings and the Created Order
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Old Testament Types
Proper name (Jude 1:9). A created being, servant of God; avoid any phrasing that elevates him toward deva-like semi-divine status.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: सदोम आ अमोरा
Transliteration: Sadom ā Amorā
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Old Testament Types
Proper names (Jude 1:7). Requires a Genesis 19 background note given the audience’s assumed low OT narrative literacy.
Egypt
Approved rendering: मिस्र
Transliteration: Misra
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Αἴγυπτος
Category: Old Testament Types
Proper name (Jude 1:5). Refers implicitly to Israel without naming it; requires an explicit Exodus background note, since OT narrative literacy cannot be assumed.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Citation of a Non-Canonical Text
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεύω / προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Jude 1:14 (Enoch’s prophecy) requires an accompanying translator note on the non-canonical status of 1 Enoch, the source of this specific quotation.
Mutual Edification
Approved rendering: पारस्परिक उन्नति
Transliteration: pārasparik unnati
Doctrine: Sanctification through Faith and Prayer
Inherited from Romans package exactly (verb form: उन्नति करब). Jude 1:20 (‘building yourselves up’) uses this reflexively (believers building up themselves/one another), a slight extension of the baseline’s mutual sense but not a contradiction of it.
Exhort
Approved rendering: विनती करब (entreaty sense, used in Jude 1:3) / उत्साहित करब (encouragement sense)
Transliteration: vinatī karab / utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Baseline already distinguishes विनती (beseeching) from उत्साहित करब (building up); Jude 1:3’s urgent appeal to contend for the faith requires the entreaty sense.
Authority Exousia
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikār
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
ἐξουσία, one of the four praise-attributes in the closing doxology (Jude 1:25). Distinct from the new term प्रभुता (κυριότης, ‘authority/lordship rejected by false teachers,’ 1:8), which is doctrinally loaded in a way this doxological usage is not.
Grumblers Complainers
Approved rendering: बड़बड़ाहा / शिकायती
Transliteration: baṛbaṛāhā / śikāyatī
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Sin
γογγυσταί/μεμψίμοιροι (Jude 1:16). Descriptive vocabulary; low doctrinal collision risk.
Way Path
Approved rendering: मार्ग
Transliteration: mārg
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ὁδός
Category: Old Testament Types
ὁδός, ‘the way of Cain’ (Jude 1:11). मार्ग is also the standard Hindu term for a spiritual discipline/path to liberation; collision risk is minimal here since context is clearly negative, but flag as a recurring watch-item wherever ‘the Way’ is used positively elsewhere in this curriculum (e.g. Acts).
Rebellion
Approved rendering: विद्रोह
Transliteration: vidroh
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἀντιλογία
Category: Old Testament Types
ἀντιλογία, Korah’s rebellion against Moses’ and Aaron’s God-appointed authority (Jude 1:11). Requires a Numbers 16 background note.
Cain
Approved rendering: कैन
Transliteration: Kain
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Old Testament Types
Proper name (Jude 1:11). Requires a Genesis 4 background note.
Balaam
Approved rendering: बिलाम
Transliteration: Bilām
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Old Testament Types
Proper name (Jude 1:11). Requires a Numbers 22-24, 31:16 background note.
Korah
Approved rendering: कोरह
Transliteration: Korah
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Κόρε
Category: Old Testament Types
Proper name (Jude 1:11). Requires a Numbers 16 background note.
Moses
Approved rendering: मूसा
Transliteration: Mūsā
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Old Testament Types
Proper name, whose body Michael and the devil disputed over (Jude 1:9). Standard transliterated proper-name convention, matching the baseline’s established transliteration standards.
Jude Author Name
Approved rendering: यहूदा / यूदा
Transliteration: Yahūdā / Yūdā
Doctrine: Apostleship and Servanthood
The author’s own proper name (Jude 1:1), to be distinguished visibly from Judas Iscariot’s established rendering in the wider NT tradition; confirm against existing Gospel translations in this curriculum family for consistency.
James
Approved rendering: याकूब
Transliteration: Yākūb
Doctrine: Apostleship and Servanthood
Proper name (Jude 1:1), ‘brother of James.’ Standard North Indian Bible-translation convention.
Referenced passages