Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Corinthians — English → Maithili
How to Read This Table
- Status:
REUSED= already fixed in the Romans baselinetranslation_memory.json; enforce exactly, no renegotiation.NEW= introduced by this curriculum; proposed rendering below, pending Phase 1 doctrine-risk registry confirmation. - Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the same framework as the baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.json. - Chapters: every chapter in which the term is load-bearing.
Reused Terms from Romans Baseline (occurring in 1 Corinthians)
| English | Maithili | Transliteration | Greek | Risk | Status | Chapters | Note (1 Corinthians-specific) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | सुसमाचार | susamācār | εὐαγγέλιον | High | REUSED | 1, 4, 9, 15 | 15:1-11 core creedal summary |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | anugraha | χάρις | High | REUSED | 1, 3, 15, 16 | 15:10 is the book’s clearest grace-vs-labor illustration |
| Faith | विश्वास | biswas | πίστις | High | REUSED | 2, 3, 12, 13, 15 | Paired with love/hope in 13:13 |
| Called / Calling | बजाओल / बजाओल जाएब | bajāol / bajāol jāeb | κλητός / κλῆσις | High | REUSED | 1, 7, 15 | Extends to calling re: apostleship (15:9), marital/social state (ch. 7) |
| Holy | पवित्र | pavitra | ἅγιος | High | REUSED | 1, 3, 6, 7 | Applied to believers’ bodies (6:19), unbelieving spouse/children (7:14) |
| Saints | पवित्र जन | pavitra jan | ἅγιοι | High | REUSED | 1, 6, 16 | 16:1 collection for the saints |
| Sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | pavitrīkaraṇ | ἁγιασμός | High | REUSED | 1, 6 | 1:2, 6:11 “sanctified in Christ Jesus” |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | punaruthān | ἀνάστασις | Critical | REUSED | 15 | Extended from Christ’s resurrection (Romans) to the general resurrection of believers |
| Lord | प्रभु | prabhu | κύριος | Critical | REUSED | 1, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16 | 12:3 “Jesus is Lord” confession, same honorific verb form (छथि) as Romans 10:9 |
| Church | मण्डली | maṇḍalī | ἐκκλησία | Medium | REUSED | 1, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16 | Central social unit addressed throughout the letter |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वरक राज्य | parameśvarak rājya | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Medium | REUSED | 4, 6, 15 | 6:9-10 “the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God” |
| Law | व्यवस्था | byavasthā | νόμος | High | REUSED | 9, 15 | 15:56 “the power of sin is the law” |
| Sin | पाप | pāp | ἁμαρτία | High | REUSED | 15 | 15:3, 15:17, 15:56 |
| Glory | महिमा | mahimā | δόξα | High | REUSED | 10, 11 | 11:7 relational (not divine) sense requires disambiguating context note |
| Power of God | परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य | parameśvarak sāmarthya | δύναμις θεοῦ | High | REUSED | 1, 2, 4, 6 | Never शक्ति; central to “cross as power” doctrine |
| Fellowship | सङ्गति | saṅgati | κοινωνία | Low | REUSED | 1, 10 | 10:16 sacramental sense, stronger than ordinary social meaning |
| Election | परमेश्वरक चुनाव | parameśvarak cunāv | ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι | High | REUSED | 1 | 1:27-28 God’s choice of the “foolish/weak/low” — direct challenge to caste-status hierarchy |
| Thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | dhanyavād | εὐχαριστία | Low | REUSED | 1, 14 | |
| Jesus | यीशु | Yīśu | Ἰησοῦς | Critical | REUSED | throughout | |
| God | परमेश्वर | parameśvar | θεός | Critical | REUSED | throughout | |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | pavitra ātmā | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Critical | REUSED | 2, 3, 6, 12, 14 | |
| Father | पिता | pitā | πατήρ | Critical | REUSED | 1, 8, 15 | |
| Spiritual Gifts | आत्मिक वरदान | ātmik varadān | χαρίσματα | Medium | REUSED | 1, 12, 14 | Central to ch. 12’s whole argument |
| Prophecy / Prophet | भविष्यवाणी / भविष्यद्वक्ता | bhaviṣyavāṇī / bhaviṣyadvaktā | προφητεία / προφήτης | Low | REUSED | 12, 13, 14 | Central topic of ch. 14 |
| Apostle | प्रेरित | prerit | ἀπόστολος | Medium | REUSED | 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 | 15:9 Paul’s self-description as “least of the apostles” |
| Gentiles | अन्यजाति | anyajāti | ἔθνη | Medium | REUSED | 1, 10, 12 | 12:2 “when you were Gentiles” |
New Terms Introduced by 1 Corinthians
| English | Maithili | Transliteration | Greek | Risk | Status | Chapters | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resurrection of the dead (general) | मृतकक पुनरुत्थान | mṛtakak punaruthān | ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν | Critical | NEW | 15 | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | पुनर्जन्म | Extends baseline पुनरुत्थान to believers’ future bodily resurrection; NEVER पुनर्जन्म; requires explicit distinction from saṃsāra rebirth cycle |
| Firstfruits | पहिल फल | pahil phal | ἀπαρχή | High | NEW | 15 | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | प्रथम फल (too Sanskritized/formal) | Direction-of-analogy risk with Chhath firstfruit offerings to Surya — Christ is firstfruits guaranteeing the harvest, not an offering securing divine favor |
| Imperishable / incorruptible | अविनाशी | avinaśī | ἄφθαρτος | Critical | NEW | 9, 15 | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | अमर (implies mere deathlessness, not resurrection-transformation) | CRITICAL collision with Bhagavad Gītā 2:17-25’s ātman-avinaśī doctrine (soul’s innate, timeless immortality); must be anchored every time to a future, God-granted, bodily transformation through Christ’s resurrection, not to an inherent property of the soul |
| Perishable | नाशवान् | nāśvān | φθαρτός | Medium | NEW | 9, 15 | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Paired contrast term with अविनाशी | |
| Spiritual body | आत्मिक देह | ātmik deh | σῶμα πνευματικόν | High | NEW | 15 | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Coined from established आत्मिक (spiritual, per आत्मिक वरदान) + देह; must be read as a real, transformed body, not disembodied spirit-existence | |
| Natural/soulish body | प्राणिक देह | prāṇik deh | σῶμα ψυχικόν | Medium | NEW | 2, 15 | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Paired contrast term with आत्मिक देह; प्राणिक derived from प्राण (life-breath) | |
| Division / schism | फूट | phūṭ | σχίσμα | High | NEW | 1, 11, 12 | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | विभाजन (more abstract/administrative) | Native Maithili term for “rift/split,” carrying the emotional weight of a community torn apart |
| Strife / quarreling | झगड़ा | jhagṛā | ἔρις | Medium | NEW | 1, 3 | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | विवाद (too formal/legal) | |
| Wisdom (of the world / of God) | बुद्धि | buddhi | σοφία | High | NEW | 1, 2, 3 | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | ज्ञान (reserved for γνῶσις, see below, to avoid overlap) | HIGH risk given Mithila’s Nyāya-logic/pandit scholarly identity; must frame as self-sufficient human wisdom excluding the cross, not learning or scholarship as such |
| Foolishness | मूर्खता | mūrkhatā | μωρία | Medium | NEW | 1 | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Must be scoped to “as it appears to unbelieving wisdom” | |
| Cross | क्रूस | krūs | σταυρός | Low | NEW | 1 | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Established North Indian Bible-translation transliteration | |
| Mystery | रहस्य | rahasya | μυστήριον | High | NEW | 2, 4, 15 | The Cross as Wisdom and Power / Resurrection | भेद (too weak, “secret” in a mundane sense) | Collision with Tantric/Shakta esoteric-text vocabulary (“…rahasya” texts); must be framed as God’s plan disclosed to all believers, not secret initiate-only knowledge |
| Temple (of God / of the Holy Spirit) | मन्दिर | mandir | ναός | High | NEW | 3, 6 | Church Discipline and Holiness | Distinct usage from मण्डली (church/assembly, baseline); must be clarified as metaphor for Spirit’s indwelling, not literal building or self-divinization; strong Hindu-temple association risk | |
| Sexual immorality | व्यभिचार | vyabhichār | πορνεία | Medium | NEW | 5, 6, 7 | Church Discipline and Holiness | अनैतिकता (too vague) | Broader than common Maithili sense of “adultery” alone |
| Leaven | खमीर | khamīr | ζύμη | Medium | NEW | 5 | Church Discipline and Holiness | Metaphor for corrupting influence of unaddressed sin | |
| Hand over to Satan | शैतानक हाथमे सौंपब | śaitānak hāthme saumpab | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | High | NEW | 5 | Church Discipline and Holiness | Must read as restorative church discipline, not curse or private malice | |
| Passover (Christ our) | फसह | phasah | πάσχα | Medium | NEW | 5 | Church Discipline and Holiness | निस्तार पर्व (less standard) | Distinguish once-for-all fulfilled sacrifice from regional Shakta blood-sacrifice practice |
| Bought with a price | दाममे किनल गेलहुँ | dāmme kinal gelhũ | ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς | High | NEW | 6, 7 | Church Discipline and Holiness | Connects to but distinct from baseline’s छुटकारा (redemption) | |
| Member(s) / body-part(s) | अंग | aṅga | μέλος / μέλη | Critical | NEW | 6, 12 | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ / Christian Unity | CRITICAL collision with Puruṣasūkta’s hierarchical body-caste theology (varṇas from Puruṣa’s body-parts); Paul’s argument (weaker members given greater honor, no division) is a direct theological counter to hierarchical body-part theology and must be flagged as such at every occurrence | |
| Marriage | विवाह | bibāh | γάμος | High | NEW | 7 | Marriage and Singleness | Must not be illustrated via the culturally definitive Sita-Ram marriage narrative; Paul’s relative preference for singleness must not read as devaluing marriage as an institution | |
| Unmarried | अविवाहित | avivāhit | ἄγαμος | Medium | NEW | 7 | Marriage and Singleness | ||
| Virgin | कुमारी | kumārī | παρθένος | Medium | NEW | 7 | Marriage and Singleness | ||
| Separate / divorce | अलग होएब | alag hoeb | χωρίζω / ἀφίημι | Medium | NEW | 7 | Marriage and Singleness | ||
| Slave / free | दास / स्वतंत्र | dās / svatantra | δοῦλος / ἐλεύθερος | Medium | NEW | 7 | Marriage and Singleness | Must not be conflated with regional caste/bonded-labor history | |
| Food offered to idols | मूर्तिपूजामे चढ़ाओल भोजन | mūrtipūjāme caṛhāol bhojan | εἰδωλόθυτον | Critical | NEW | 8, 10 | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | मूर्तिक भोग (REJECTED — carries positive prasad connotation) | Must NOT use भोग; descriptive, not devotional, phrasing required |
| Idol | मूर्ति | mūrti | εἴδωλον | High | NEW | 8, 10, 12 | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Common neutral word for any image/statue; needs polemical-context note per 8:4 vs 10:20 | |
| Knowledge (puffs up) | ज्ञान | jñāna | γνῶσις | High | NEW | 8, 13 | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / Love as the Greater Way | Collision with Hindu jñāna-mārga (knowledge as the means of liberation); Paul’s point that ज्ञान without प्रेम is worthless directly challenges a knowledge-centered soteriology | |
| Conscience | विवेक | vivek | συνείδησις | High | NEW | 8, 10 | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | Collision with Advaita Vedanta’s technical viveka (discrimination between eternal/non-eternal); must be scoped to ordinary moral conscience | |
| Stumbling block | ठोकर | thokar | πρόσκομμα / σκάνδαλον | Medium | NEW | 1, 8 | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / The Cross | ||
| Table of the Lord / table of demons | प्रभुक मेज / दुष्ट आत्मासभक मेज | prabhuk mej / duṣṭa ātmāsabhak mej | τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων | High | NEW | 10 | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / The Lord’s Supper | Direct relevance to active regional Shakta ritual-offering practice; must communicate real spiritual incompatibility | |
| Baptism / baptized | बपतिस्मा | baptismā | βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα | Medium | NEW (add to TM) | 1, 10, 12, 15 | (cross-references Romans 6, not itself a 1 Cor.-original doctrine but load-bearing here) | Not present in Romans baseline TM; needed for 1:13-17, 10:2, 12:13, 15:29; recommend adding to translation memory as a book-spanning term | |
| Head (authority/source) | शिर | śir | κεφαλή | Medium | NEW | 11 | Order in Worship | Retain literal/metaphorical double sense | |
| Cover the head / veil | सिर ढाकब / घूँघट | śir ḍhākab / ghũghaṭ | κατακαλύπτω | High | NEW | 11 | Order in Worship | Distinguish Paul’s stated theological rationale from pre-existing regional purdah/ghũghaṭ custom | |
| The Lord’s Supper | प्रभु भोज | prabhu bhoj | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | High | NEW | 11 | The Lord’s Supper | Must communicate unity across caste/lineage lines, against caste-conscious regional bhoj/commensality customs | |
| Body and blood (of the Lord) | देह आ लहू | deh ā lahū | σῶμα καὶ αἷμα | High | NEW | 11 | The Lord’s Supper | Symbolic/memorial framing required | |
| Remembrance | स्मरण | smaraṇ | ἀνάμνησις | Low | NEW | 11 | The Lord’s Supper | ||
| Unworthy manner | अयोग्य रीतिसँ | ayogya rītisã̃ | ἀναξίως | Medium | NEW | 11 | The Lord’s Supper | Concerns manner of participation, not sinless prerequisite | |
| Discerning the body | देहकेँ पहचानब | dehke pahacānab | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | Medium | NEW | 11 | The Lord’s Supper | ||
| Tongues | अन्य भाषा | anya bhāṣā | γλῶσσαι | High | NEW | 12, 13, 14 | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | परभाषा (less established) | Distinguish from trance-possession/oracular speech in regional Shakta practice |
| Interpretation (of tongues) | व्याख्या | vyākhyā | ἑρμηνεία | Low | NEW | 12, 14 | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | अनुवाद (implies literal translation only) | |
| Love | प्रेम | prem | ἀγάπη | Critical | NEW | 8, 13, 14, 16 | Love as the Greater Way | स्नेह (too weak/affectionate only) | CRITICAL collision with Vidyāpati’s Rādhā-Krishna romantic/erotic (śṛṅgāra) devotional-poetic tradition, Mithila’s most cherished devotional-literary heritage; must never be illustrated via Radha-Krishna imagery; every occurrence in ch. 13 requires a note anchoring प्रेम to the chapter’s own behavioral definition (13:4-7), not romantic sentiment |
| Building up / edification | उन्नति | unnati | οἰκοδομή | Low | NEW (aligns with existing mutual_edification doctrine) | 14 | Order in Worship / Spiritual Gifts | Controlling criterion for worship practices in ch. 14 | |
| Decently and in order | व्यवस्थित रीतिसँ आ क्रमसँ | vyavasthit rītisã̃ ā kramasã̃ | εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν | Low | NEW | 14 | Order in Worship | ||
| Reward | प्रतिफल | pratiphal | μισθός | High | NEW | 3, 9 | The Cross as Wisdom and Power (ministry integrity) | कर्मफल (REJECTED — automatic karmic fruit) | Must be distinguished from mechanical karma-fruit; God’s gracious response to Spirit-enabled labor |
| Steward / stewardship | भण्डारी | bhaṇḍārī | οἰκονόμος | Medium | NEW | 4 | The Cross as Wisdom and Power (apostolic ministry) | पंडित (REJECTED, per baseline apostle note — Panjikaran custodian association) | |
| Imperishable crown | अविनाशी मुकुट | avinaśī mukuṭ | ἄφθαρτος στέφανος | High | NEW | 9 | Resurrection of Christ and Believers (anticipatory) | Same अविनाशी risk as ch. 15; introduced early via athletic metaphor | |
| Maranatha | मरनाता | maranātā | μαρὰν ἀθά | Medium | NEW | 16 | (liturgical/eschatological, cross-cutting) | Retain transliteration per baseline’s Abba precedent, not reduced to plain Maithili phrase | |
| Holy kiss | पवित्र चुम्बन | pavitra cumban | φίλημα ἅγιον | Medium | NEW | 16 | Christian Unity versus Factionalism (closing exhortation) | May need a cultural-adaptation note on greeting customs |
Terms Flagged for Downstream Doctrine-Risk Registry (Step 2) but Not Yet Resolved
| Term | Chapters | Reason for Flag |
|---|---|---|
| σιγάτωσαν (“let them be silent”) | 14 | Exegetically and pastorally sensitive instruction on women’s speech in worship; interacts with Mithila’s existing social patterns; requires full doctrinal context (cf. 11:5) at the doctrine-analysis stage, not resolution at glossary level |
| κεφαλή as “headship” applied relationally (husband/wife) | 11 | Requires careful doctrine-risk framing alongside “head covering” custom collision |
| πορνεία’s precise legal/relational scope in 5:1 (a man and his father’s wife) | 5 | May require a historical/cultural footnote for readers unfamiliar with Levitical incest-prohibition background |
Consistency Requirement for Phase 2
All terms marked REUSED above must be pulled from translation_memory.json version as currently recorded — do not regenerate. All terms marked NEW must be added to translation memory (with version increment) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Corinthians proceeds, per the escalation and versioning rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. Terms tagged Critical or High above require human theologian review before their translation-memory entries are finalized, per baseline risk-tier routing.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, no renegotiation. 1 Corinthians usage: 1:30, ‘Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption’ — a status given in Christ, reinforcing the forensic sense. [Original baseline note retained: never धर्म or सतीत्व.]
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी घोषित कएल जाएब
Transliteration: dharmī ghoṣit kael jaeb
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा भेटब, पुण्य कमाएब
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 6:11, ‘you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit’ — listed with washing and sanctification as a completed past reality. [Original baseline note retained.]
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, no renegotiation. 1 Corinthians usage: 15:2 uses the present-passive ‘you are being saved’ (उद्धार पाबि रहल छी) — ongoing salvation grounded in the fixed gospel content of vv.3-5, never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. [Original baseline note retained.]
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, NEVER पुनर्जन्म. 1 Corinthians 15 is the fullest NT treatment, extending the doctrine from Christ’s own resurrection (15:3-8) to the future bodily resurrection of all believers (15:12-58, see resurrection_of_the_dead below). [Original baseline note retained.]
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians 12:3 repeats the Romans 10:9 confession pattern — ‘no one can say यीशु प्रभु छथि except by the Holy Spirit’ — same honorific verb form छथि required. [Original baseline note retained.]
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masīh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. Christ/Χριστός occurs constantly throughout 1 Corinthians as ख्रीष्ट (per established transliteration in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md); मसीह retained for explicit ‘Messiah’ contexts. Never assimilate to Ram/Krishna avatar-figures. [Original baseline note retained.]
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, never ईसा. Used throughout 1 Corinthians.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, never भगवान. 1 Corinthians 8:6 places God-the-Father language within a monotheistic confession directly relevant to the idol-meat discussion.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, never ब्रह्म or परमात्मा. 1 Corinthians usage: central to ch.2’s argument that only the Spirit-indwelt person can discern spiritual truth (2:10-16) and to ch.12’s gifts/body argument.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, never ब्रह्मा. 1 Corinthians 8:6 ‘one God, the Father, from whom are all things’ — monotheistic confession within the idol-meat argument.
Resurrection Of The Dead
Approved rendering: मृतकक पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: mṛtakak punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν
Category: Eschatology
NEW for this curriculum. Extends baseline पुनरुत्थान to believers’ own future bodily resurrection (15:12-58), 1 Corinthians’ unique doctrinal contribution beyond Romans. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Requires an explicit distinguishing note from the rebirth cycle (saṃsāra) at every occurrence, since Paul’s argument (15:12-19) has no force if heard as one more rebirth within an ongoing cycle.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: अविनाशी
Transliteration: avinaśī
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: अमर
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
NEW for this curriculum. CRITICAL collision: अविनाशी is the exact term the Bhagavad Gītā (2:17-25) uses for the ātman’s own innate, uncreated, timeless immortality, independent of the body. Paul’s ‘imperishable’ (15:42,50-54; also 9:25) names a transformed, resurrected physical BODY, granted by God at a future point through Christ’s resurrection — categorically different from the soul’s inherent immortality apart from the body. A mandatory translator note distinguishing these two claims is required at EVERY occurrence, not only first use. अमर rejected: implies mere deathlessness, not resurrection-transformation.
Members
Approved rendering: अंग
Transliteration: aṅga
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλος / μέλη
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Individual parts of the body of Christ, each necessary and worthy of honor, especially the ‘weaker’ and ‘less honorable’ ones (6:15; 12:12-27). CRITICAL collision: the Puruṣasūkta (Ṛgveda 10.90), foundational to the region’s inherited caste theology, describes the four varṇas arising hierarchically from different body-parts of the cosmic Puruṣa. Paul’s argument runs in the OPPOSITE direction — weaker, less honorable members are indispensable and given GREATER honor to prevent division (12:22-25). A mandatory translator note is required at EVERY occurrence warning against reading this as compatible with, or an echo of, Puruṣasūkta body-caste theology — it is a direct theological counter-argument.
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजामे चढ़ाओल भोजन
Transliteration: mūrtipūjāme caṛhāol bhojan
Doctrine: Idolatry and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: मूर्तिक भोग
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum (compound descriptive phrase built from existing words, deliberately not a single loaded noun). Meat left over from pagan sacrificial offerings, the central practical dilemma of chs. 8 and 10. CRITICAL: must NEVER use भोग anywhere in this curriculum’s material (including footnotes and study-guide prose), because भोग is the standard Maithili/Hindi term for food offered to a deity and redistributed as blessed prasad — exactly the positive sanctification Paul treats with caution. The rendering must remain descriptive, never devotional.
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: स्नेह, भक्ति
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Selfless, willed, sacrificial love, not dependent on the worthiness of its object; the necessary animating quality of all spiritual gifts and Christian life (ch.13, and 8:1, 14:1, 16:14). CRITICAL collision: Mithila’s most celebrated devotional-poetic tradition, Vidyāpati’s songs, centers on the romantic/erotic love (śṛṅgāra rasa) of Rādhā and Krishna, and प्रेम in ordinary usage carries strong romantic connotation. ἀγάπη is willed, self-giving, sacrificial love — the opposite orientation from śṛṅgāra romantic longing. A MANDATORY translator note is required at EVERY occurrence in ch.13 anchoring प्रेम strictly to the chapter’s own behavioral definition (13:4-7) and explicitly forbidding any Radha-Krishna illustrative comparison. स्नेह rejected as too weak (mere fondness); भक्ति rejected per the baseline’s existing fencing (devotional reverence toward a chosen deity, not interpersonal self-giving).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācār
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: नीक खबर, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, no renegotiation. 1 Corinthians usage: 15:1-2 names the fixed apostolic gospel content ‘received’ and ‘stood in’; anchors the whole resurrection argument of ch.15. [Original baseline note retained: Sanskrit tatsama term shared across Maithili and Hindi religious registers; retained because it is already the rendering used in the limited existing Maithili Scripture portions.]
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 15:10 is the book’s clearest grace-vs-labor illustration — Paul’s transformation from persecutor to laboring apostle credited wholly to grace, not merit. [Original baseline note retained: must convey unmerited favor apart from human merit, countering the karma-merit worldview; never illustrate through Sita’s self-sacrificial devotion.]
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: paired with hope and प्रेम in 13:13, where love is named greatest; faith remains personal trust in Christ specifically, not general bhakti piety. [Original baseline note retained.]
Called
Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians extends this to one’s marital/social state (7:17-24, ‘walk in the state in which God called you’) and to Paul’s apostolic office (15:9), beyond the Romans salvation-calling sense. [Original baseline note retained.]
Calling
Approved rendering: बजाओल जाएब
Transliteration: bajāol jāeb
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 7:20, ‘remain in the calling in which you were called’ — applied to marital/social station, not only salvation. [Original baseline note retained.]
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: applied to believers’ bodies (6:19) and to an unbelieving spouse/children ‘made holy’ through a believing partner (7:14) — a relational sense requiring care against ritual-purity confusion. [Original baseline note retained.]
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, सती
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, no renegotiation. 1 Corinthians usage: 16:1 ‘the collection for the saints’ is corporate material care for needy believers elsewhere, not a votive temple offering. [Original baseline note retained: never संत or सती.]
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण, संस्कार
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 6:11 lists sanctification alongside washing and justification as a completed past reality (‘you were sanctified’), distinct from the region’s संस्कार purification rites. [Original baseline note retained.]
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: byavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, never धर्म. 1 Corinthians usage: 15:56, ‘the power of sin is the law’ — the Mosaic law’s condemning power over sin, tied to the resurrection argument’s climax. [Original baseline note retained.]
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 15:3, 15:17, 15:56 — Christ’s death for our sins is foundational to the ch.15 creedal summary; sin’s defeat is directly tied to the resurrection argument. [Original baseline note retained.]
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 11:7 uses a RELATIONAL sense (‘woman is the glory of man’) distinct from God’s own महिमा; context must disambiguate the two senses at every occurrence. [Original baseline note retained.]
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, never शक्ति. 1 Corinthians usage: central to 1:18-25’s ‘cross as wisdom and power’ argument — the cross, appearing weak, is in fact God’s सामर्थ्य. [Original baseline note retained: शक्ति carries Shakta-goddess associations.]
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, बिआह-सम्बन्ध
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 11:25, the words of institution — ‘this cup is the new covenant in my blood’ — ties the Lord’s Supper directly to the relational covenant-bond sense already fenced in the baseline against a merely commercial/contractual reading. [Original baseline note retained: resist illustrating covenant solely through Sita-Ram marriage.]
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक चुनाव
Transliteration: parameśvarak cunāv
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत, प्रारब्ध
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 1:27-28, God’s choice of the ‘foolish, weak, low, and despised’ to shame the wise and strong — a direct, unsoftened challenge to Panjikaran-linked caste-status hierarchy. [Original baseline note retained.]
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭkārā
Doctrine: Christ as our Wisdom, Righteousness, Sanctification, and Redemption
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, कर्मफल चुक्ता करब
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW for this curriculum, formalizing the baseline’s permitted specific-rescue-narrative use of छुटकारा. 1:30 names redemption as one of four realities believers have entirely ‘in Christ Jesus,’ alongside wisdom, righteousness, and sanctification. Must remain a rescue-through-Christ term, never a karmic account-settling and never मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: पहिल फल
Transliteration: pahil phal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: प्रथम फल
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
NEW for this curriculum. Christ’s resurrection as the first, representative installment guaranteeing believers’ own future resurrection (15:20,23). Mithila’s Chhath festival centers on offering agricultural firstfruits to Surya to secure divine favor; Paul’s usage reverses that direction — Christ’s resurrection is God’s gift already given to the church, not an offering given to God. Requires a translator note to prevent a votive-offering misreading. प्रथम फल rejected as overly Sanskritized/liturgical-sounding.
Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: आत्मिक देह
Transliteration: ātmik deh
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Eschatology
NEW coined compound (आत्मिक, established via आत्मिक वरदान, + देह). The future, Spirit-empowered resurrection body — a real, transformed body (15:44-49), not disembodied spirit-existence. Must be taught as one continuous bodily existence transformed, not the soul discarding the body permanently — a reading that would move toward, not away from, common regional assumptions about liberation from embodiment. Always pair with प्राणिक देह so the contrast is legible.
Imperishable Crown
Approved rendering: अविनाशी मुकुट
Transliteration: avinaśī mukuṭ
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: अमर मुकुट
Original: ἄφθαρτος στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
NEW for this curriculum. An incorruptible victor’s wreath (9:25), contrasted with the perishable athletic garland, anticipating ch.15’s resurrection-body imperishability. Carries the same Bhagavad Gītā ātman-avinaśī collision risk as अविनाशी itself and must carry the same mandatory distinguishing note at first introduction (ch.9), ahead of its ch.15 use.
Division
Approved rendering: फूट
Transliteration: phūṭ
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: विभाजन
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. A tear or split within the church community over factional loyalty (1:10-13; also 11:18, 12:25). फूट is the native Maithili word for a communal rift, carrying real emotional weight; must be framed as a spiritual failure within the body of Christ, always paired with मण्डलीमे (‘within the church’), not merely an ordinary social/political factional dispute. विभाजन rejected as too bureaucratic/administrative-sounding.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: बुद्धि
Transliteration: buddhi
Doctrine: Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञान (reserved separately for γνῶσις)
Original: σοφία
Category: Christology
NEW for this curriculum. Human philosophical/rhetorical wisdom (1:18-25, contrasted with the cross) and God’s own hidden wisdom now revealed in Christ (2:6-7); also 1:30’s ‘Christ…became to us wisdom.’ HIGH risk given Mithila’s historic identity as a center of Sanskrit pandit scholarship and Navya-Nyāya logic; every occurrence must frame Paul’s critique as targeting SELF-SUFFICIENT human wisdom that excludes the cross, never learning or scholarship as such. Keep lexically distinct from ज्ञान (γνῶσις, chs.8/13) even where English blurs ‘wisdom’ and ‘knowledge.‘
Mystery
Approved rendering: रहस्य
Transliteration: rahasya
Doctrine: Hidden Wisdom Revealed by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: भेद
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Christology
NEW for this curriculum. God’s plan, formerly hidden, now disclosed openly to all believers through the gospel (2:1,7; 4:1; 13:2; 15:51). Collision risk: रहस्य is also the vocabulary of Tantric/Shakta esoteric ’…रहस्य’ literature reserved for ritually initiated adepts; a translator note is required at every occurrence clarifying disclosure to all believers, not secret initiate-only knowledge. भेद rejected as too weak (‘mundane secret’).
Temple
Approved rendering: मन्दिर
Transliteration: mandir
Doctrine: Church as Temple of God
Original: ναός
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. God’s dwelling place: the corporate church (3:16-17) and, distinctly, the individual believer’s body (6:19), both indwelt by the Holy Spirit. मन्दिर strongly evokes a physical Hindu shrine housing a मूर्ति; a mandatory translator note at EVERY occurrence must clarify this is metaphor for the Spirit’s indwelling presence, never a literal building or grounds for self-divinization. Distinct usage from मण्डली (the congregation itself).
Hand Over To Satan
Approved rendering: शैतानक हाथमे सौंपब
Transliteration: śaitānak hāthme saumpab
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Formal act of church discipline placing an unrepentant member outside the church’s protective fellowship, for eventual restoration (5:5). Must be clearly framed as severe but RESTORATIVE discipline exercised corporately by the gathered church, never as a curse, private act of malice, or occult imprecation — a distinction requiring particular care given regional familiarity with exorcism/spirit-binding practice at Shakta shrines.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: दाममे किनल गेलहुँ
Transliteration: dāmme kinal gelhũ
Doctrine: Sanctification of the Body
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW for this curriculum (transparent compound using the established passive-construction convention, per the baseline’s justification precedent). Believers belong to God because he purchased them at the cost of Christ’s death (6:20; 7:23). Connects to but is distinct from छुटकारा (redemption); a note should tie this purchase-image to Christ’s atoning death, not a literal financial transaction or karmic debt-settlement.
Marriage
Approved rendering: विवाह
Transliteration: bibāh
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. The marital union, addressed throughout ch.7 as a good, God-ordained state, though not obligatory for every believer. Mithila reveres the Sita-Ram marriage as the region’s own cultural and devotional ideal (commemorated at Vivah Panchami, Janakpur); Paul’s relative preference for singleness (7:1,8,32-35) must read as pastoral counsel suited to ‘the present distress’ (7:26), never a devaluation of marriage, and must NEVER be illustrated using the Sita-Ram marriage narrative.
Idol
Approved rendering: मूर्ति
Transliteration: mūrti
Doctrine: Idolatry and Idol Meat
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. A cult-image and, by extension, the false ‘god’ it represents; ‘an idol has no real existence’ (8:4), yet demons are the reality behind idol worship (10:20). मूर्ति is a common, neutral Maithili word for any image or statue, including revered Hindu deity images; a translator note must clarify Paul’s polemical point without implying Hindu मूर्ति-images in general are being casually dismissed as mere art.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ज्ञान
Transliteration: jñāna
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Intellectual knowledge or insight, which ‘puffs up’ when divorced from love (8:1-2; 13:2,8). Collision risk: ज्ञान is the central term of the Hindu jñāna-mārga (path of knowledge), in which liberating knowledge is itself the means of release; Paul’s point that ज्ञान without प्रेम is spiritually worthless directly challenges a knowledge-centered soteriology and requires a translator note at every occurrence. Kept lexically distinct from बुद्धि (σοφία).
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेक
Transliteration: vivek
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Inner moral awareness/judgment; a ‘weak’ believer’s conscience can be wounded by watching a ‘strong’ believer eat idol meat (8:7-12; 10:25-29). विवेक is also the technical term in Advaita Vedānta for the discriminative faculty distinguishing the eternal Self from the non-eternal; a note must clarify Paul’s use is ordinary moral conscience, not this philosophical discernment-faculty.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुक मेज / दुष्ट आत्मासभक मेज
Transliteration: prabhuk mej / duṣṭa ātmāsabhak mej
Doctrine: Idolatry and Idol Meat
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Cultic participation imagery: sharing a sacrificial table binds one to what/whom the table represents; participation in pagan sacrificial meals is real participation with demons, incompatible with the Lord’s table (10:21). Directly relevant to Mithila’s active Shakta ritual-offering practices; must communicate genuine spiritual incompatibility, not merely social etiquette.
Cover The Head
Approved rendering: सिर ढाकब / घूँघट
Transliteration: śir ḍhākab / ghũghaṭ
Doctrine: Head Covering and the Created Order
Original: κατακαλύπτω
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Covering the head during prayer/prophecy in corporate worship (11:4-16). Mithila already has a strong existing custom of women veiling (ghũghaṭ/purdah); a translator note must distinguish Paul’s stated theological rationale (created-order symbol, 11:7-10) from the region’s existing social-modesty custom, so the passage is neither read as simple endorsement of an already-familiar practice, nor dismissed as merely cultural.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: प्रभु भोज
Transliteration: prabhu bhoj
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum (new coinage). The ordinance instituted by Christ, distinguished from an ordinary communal meal (11:20-34). Mithila’s caste-conscious social feasting customs (bhoj) carry strong purity/commensality rules about who may eat with whom; a translator note must clarify that the Lord’s Supper unites ALL believers regardless of caste/lineage status and is a remembrance ordinance, not a status-marked community feast.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: देह आ लहू
Transliteration: deh ā lahū
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. The bread and cup as Christ’s body and blood, given in remembrance at the words of institution (11:23-27). Requires clear symbolic/memorial framing, distinct from a literal-cannibalism misunderstanding on one hand and empty ritual formalism on the other.
Tongues
Approved rendering: अन्य भाषा
Transliteration: anya bhāṣā
Doctrine: Tongues and Ecstatic Utterance
Rejected alternatives: परभाषा
Original: γλῶσσαι
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. A Spirit-given gift of utterance, in unknown or foreign languages, requiring interpretation for corporate benefit (12:10,28,30; ch.14). Must be clearly distinguished from ecstatic trance-speech associated with spirit-possession/oracular phenomena at regional Shakta shrines; this is an intelligible or Spirit-interpreted gift for edification, exercised in order, not uncontrolled possession-trance.
Reward
Approved rendering: प्रतिफल
Transliteration: pratiphal
Doctrine: Providence and Stewardship in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफल
Original: μισθός
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Payment/recognition for ministry labor, contingent on the quality of the work built on the one foundation (3:8,14); also the athletic ‘prize’ image (9:24-27). Must be distinguished from कर्मफल, the automatic, mechanical karmic fruit of action already rejected in the baseline; this reward is God’s gracious response to Spirit-enabled faithful labor.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 15:9, Paul’s ‘least of the apostles’ self-description, grounded in his persecuting past — a case study in grace, not false modesty; also 9:1-6, 12:28. [Original baseline note retained: पंडित rejected for Panjikaran-custodian association.]
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, मठ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. Central addressee throughout 1 Corinthians (1:2); this letter deals with internal church conflict, discipline, and order more extensively than Romans. [Original baseline note retained: never मन्दिर or मठ.]
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 6:9-10 and 15:50, both ‘inherit the kingdom of God’ regarding ethical exclusion and resurrection transformation respectively. [Original baseline note retained.]
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 12:2 recalls the Corinthians’ pre-conversion identity ‘when you were Gentiles, carried away to idols’ — ties directly to the idol-meat chapters. [Original baseline note retained.]
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक वरदान
Transliteration: ātmik varadān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धि
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly, never वरदान alone. 1 Corinthians usage: the organizing category of ch.12 and 14’s whole argument about diversity-in-unity within the body of Christ. [Original baseline note retained: वरदान alone carries Puranic boon-for-austerity sense.]
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 10:1 (‘our fathers’) and 10:18 (‘Israel according to the flesh’) in the wilderness-warning passage.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 7:15 ‘God has called you to peace’ (marital-separation context) and 14:33 ‘God is not a God of confusion but of peace’ — both relational/corporate senses, not the domestic-harmony ideal of the Sita-Ram household model. [Original baseline note retained.]
Perishable
Approved rendering: नाशवान्
Transliteration: nāśvān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: φθαρτός
Category: Eschatology
NEW for this curriculum. The present body, subject to decay and death, contrasted with the future imperishable resurrection body (15:42,50-54). Paired contrast term with अविनाशी; no independent doctrinal risk beyond consistent pairing.
Natural Body
Approved rendering: प्राणिक देह
Transliteration: prāṇik deh
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: σῶμα ψυχικόν
Category: Eschatology
NEW coined compound (प्राण, life-breath, + देह). The present, natural/soulish body, contrasted with the future spiritual resurrection body (15:44). Paired contrast term with आत्मिक देह; also anticipated at 2:14’s ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος (प्राणिक मनुष्य).
Maranatha
Approved rendering: मरनाता
Transliteration: maranātā
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and Maranatha
Rejected alternatives: प्रभु आउ
Original: μαρὰν ἀθά
Category: Eschatology
NEW for this curriculum. Aramaic liturgical exclamation, ‘Our Lord, come!’, closing the letter (16:22). Retain the transliteration, per the baseline’s precedent for अब्बा, to preserve its function as an ancient, church-wide liturgical cry tied to ch.15’s resurrection hope, rather than reducing it to a plain Maithili phrase.
Strife
Approved rendering: झगड़ा
Transliteration: jhagṛā
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: विवाद
Original: ἔρις
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Quarreling and rivalry among believers, named alongside division as evidence of spiritual immaturity (1:11; 3:3). Native, everyday word; विवाद rejected as too formal/legal.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: मूर्खता
Transliteration: mūrkhatā
Doctrine: Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Christology
NEW for this curriculum. That which appears absurd by ordinary human standards; the cross is ‘foolishness’ to those perishing but the power of God to those being saved (1:18). Must be clearly bounded to ‘as it appears to unbelieving human wisdom,’ never an absolute or literal descriptor of the gospel’s actual content.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: व्यभिचार
Transliteration: vyabhichār
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: अनैतिकता
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
NEW for this curriculum. A broad category of illicit sexual conduct (5:1; 6:13-18; 7:2). Broader than the common Maithili sense of ‘adultery’ alone; a note should clarify porneia’s full range, and that 5:1’s case reflects a Levitical incest-prohibition background likely unfamiliar without OT background.
Leaven
Approved rendering: खमीर
Transliteration: khamīr
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη
Category: Sin
NEW for this curriculum. A small corrupting agent whose influence pervades the whole; unaddressed sin corrupts the whole community (5:6-8), tied to the Passover/unleavened-bread image.
Passover
Approved rendering: फसह
Transliteration: phasah
Doctrine: Passover Fulfillment in Christ
Rejected alternatives: निस्तार पर्व
Original: πάσχα
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum (established North Indian Bible transliteration). Christ identified as the fulfillment of the Passover lamb (5:7). A translator note should distinguish this once-for-all, historically fulfilled sacrifice from ongoing animal-sacrifice/blood-offering ritual practice at regional Shakta shrines.
Unmarried
Approved rendering: अविवाहित
Transliteration: avivāhit
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. The single state, presented as an opportunity for undivided devotion to the Lord (7:8,32-34). Standard term; risk is contextual (see marriage entry), not lexical.
Virgin
Approved rendering: कुमारी
Transliteration: kumārī
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. A person, usually female, who has not had sexual relations; the subject of Paul’s specific counsel in 7:25-38. Standard term; ensure the passage’s pastoral, non-obligatory tone is preserved.
Separate Divorce
Approved rendering: अलग होएब
Transliteration: alag hoeb
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χωρίζω / ἀφίημι
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Marital separation or divorce, addressed in 7:10-15 including a believer married to an unbeliever. Must not be conflated with regional social/legal divorce customs without the passage’s specific pastoral qualifications (esp. the ‘Pauline privilege’ of 7:15).
Slave Free
Approved rendering: दास / स्वतंत्र
Transliteration: dās / svatantra
Doctrine: Social Status and Spiritual Equality
Original: δοῦλος / ἐλεύθερος
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Social-legal status categories; one’s status does not determine spiritual standing before God (7:21-23). Must not be conflated with the region’s caste-based bonded-labor history in a way that either trivializes caste realities or turns Paul’s pastoral counsel into a modern political argument he was not making.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: ठोकर
Transliteration: thokar
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: πρόσκομμα / σκάνδαλον
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. An obstacle causing another believer to trip spiritually (8:9; cf. 1:23’s cross as a σκάνδαλον to Jews). Moderate risk in ensuring the two distinct uses (fellow-believer trip-hazard in ch.8; the cross as offense to unbelievers in 1:23) are not confused.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बपतिस्मा
Transliteration: baptismā
Doctrine: Baptism into Christ and the Body
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum, added to translation memory (not present in the Romans baseline). Standard transliteration convention; used typologically of Israel’s Red Sea/cloud experience ‘into Moses’ (10:2) and of the rite of Christian initiation (1:13-17; 12:13; 15:29). Must not be confused with the region’s own ritual bathing/purification customs.
Head
Approved rendering: शिर
Transliteration: śir
Doctrine: Head Covering and the Created Order
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Ethics
NEW for this curriculum. Literal head, and metaphorically, source/authority within a relationship (‘the head of every man is Christ…the head of a wife is her husband,’ 11:3). Must retain the literal/metaphorical double sense without collapsing into a purely social-authority reading disconnected from Christ’s own pattern of self-giving headship.
Unworthy Manner
Approved rendering: अयोग्य रीतिसँ
Transliteration: ayogya rītisã̃
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀναξίως
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Participating in the Lord’s Supper in a manner inconsistent with its sanctity, specifically disregard for fellow believers, especially the poor (11:27,29). Clarify this concerns the manner of participation, not personal sinlessness as a prerequisite.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: देहकेँ पहचानब
Transliteration: dehke pahacānab
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Recognizing the significance of Christ’s body — both the sacramental elements and the gathered church — in the Lord’s Supper (11:29). Ties the sacramental and ecclesial senses of ‘body’ together with ch.12’s अंग material; cross-reference explicitly.
Steward
Approved rendering: भण्डारी
Transliteration: bhaṇḍārī
Doctrine: Providence and Stewardship in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: पंडित
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. A household steward/manager entrusted with another’s resources; apostles as stewards entrusted with the mysteries of God (4:1-2). पंडित rejected per the baseline’s apostle note (Panjikaran-custodian association); भण्डारी carries no such caste-lineage connotation.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: पवित्र चुम्बन
Transliteration: pavitra cumban
Doctrine: Holy Kiss and Church Greetings
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. A customary greeting among believers marking familial affection within the church (16:20). A cultural-adaptation note may be needed regarding appropriate greeting customs in the Maithili context, without losing the underlying call to warm, unifying affection.
Washed
Approved rendering: धोवल गेलहुँ
Transliteration: dhoval gelhũ
Doctrine: Christ as our Wisdom, Righteousness, Sanctification, and Redemption
Original: ἀπολούω
Category: Sanctification
NEW for this curriculum. Cleansing from sin’s defilement, named alongside sanctification and justification as a completed past reality (6:11, ‘you were washed’). Must be distinguished from ritual bathing/purification customs common in the region; this is a metaphor for definitive moral cleansing accomplished ‘in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ,’ not a repeatable ritual act.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: ch.12, 14 discussion of the prophecy gift. [Original baseline note retained: distinguish from ज्योतिषी.]
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: central topic of ch.14, where Paul ranks intelligible prophecy above uninterpreted tongues for corporate edification. [Original baseline note retained.]
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: opens the letter (1:4) and recurs at 14:6, 16:4.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सङ्गति
Transliteration: saṅgati
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता, समाज
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 10:16 applies कोइनोनिया specifically to sacramental participation in the Lord’s Supper (a सङ्गति in Christ’s blood/body) — a stronger sense than ordinary social fellowship; keep 1:9 and 10:16 senses distinguishable by context.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package; enforced exactly. 1 Corinthians usage: 1:10 ‘I appeal (विनती करैत छी) to you, brothers’ opens Paul’s unity appeal; also 4:16, 16:15-16 — context-sensitive between विनती (entreaty, as in 1:10) and उत्साहित करब (encourage, as in 16:15-18); use the native -करब infinitive.
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस
Transliteration: krūs
Doctrine: Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
NEW for this curriculum (established transliteration convention). The instrument and site of Christ’s crucifixion; ‘the word of the cross’ (1:18) names the central proclaimed message. Low ambiguity risk.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: स्मरण
Transliteration: smaraṇ
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Active recollection and re-presentation of Christ’s death, not mere passive memory-recall (11:24-25).
Interpretation
Approved rendering: व्याख्या
Transliteration: vyākhyā
Doctrine: Tongues and Ecstatic Utterance
Rejected alternatives: अनुवाद
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Translation or explanation of an utterance in tongues, required for corporate benefit (12:10; 14:13,26-28). अनुवाद rejected as implying literal translation only.
Edification
Approved rendering: उन्नति
Transliteration: unnati
Doctrine: Order in Corporate Worship
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum, aligning with the existing mutual-edification doctrine category. Constructive strengthening of the community; the controlling criterion for all worship practices in ch.14 (14:3-5,12,26).
Decently And In Order
Approved rendering: व्यवस्थित रीतिसँ आ क्रमसँ
Transliteration: vyavasthit rītisã̃ ā kramasã̃
Doctrine: Order in Corporate Worship
Original: εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν
Category: Church
NEW for this curriculum. Fitting, orderly conduct; the summarizing principle for corporate worship (14:40).
Referenced passages