Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Thessalonians (English–Maithili)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all five chapters of 1 Thessalonians. Terms already present in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and their renderings are non-negotiable, reused exactly. Terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for confirmation in Phase 1 Steps 2-8, using the same risk framework the baseline established.
Section 1: Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no changes permitted)
| Term (English) | Maithili | Doctrine Risk | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | सुसमाचार | High | 1, 2 | 1:5; 2:2, 2:4, 2:8-9 |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | High | 1 | 1:1 greeting |
| Faith | विश्वास | High | 1, 3, 4, 5 | 1:3; 3:2-10; 4:14; 5:8 |
| Election | परमेश्वरक चुनाव | High | 1 | 1:4 |
| Power of God | सामर्थ्य | High | 1 | 1:5; never शक्ति |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1, 4 | 1:5-6; 4:8 |
| Salvation | उद्धार | Critical | 5 | 5:8-9; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 1, 4 | 1:10; 4:14, 4:16; never पुनर्जन्म |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical | 4, 5 | throughout; honorific verb register required |
| Church | मण्डली | Medium | 1, 2 | 1:1; 2:14 |
| Peace | शान्ति | Medium | 1, 5 | 1:1; contrasted with 5:3’s false slogan |
| Sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | 4, 5 | 4:3-4, 4:7; 5:23 (climactic use) |
| Saints | पवित्र जन | High | 3 | 3:13 |
| Called / Calling | बजाओल / बजाओल जाएब | High | 2, 5 | 2:12; 5:24 |
| Apostle | प्रेरित | Medium | 2 | 2:6-7 |
| Exhort/Encourage | उत्साहित करब | Low | 3, 4 | 3:2, 3:7; 4:18 |
| Gentiles | अन्यजाति | Medium | 4 | 4:5 (negative characterization) |
| Prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | Low | 5 | 5:20 |
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout | anchors “living and true God” phrase, 1:9 |
| Father (God, doctrinal) | पिता | Critical | — | doctrinal sense not directly invoked in 1 Thessalonians; 2:11’s “father” image is a pastoral simile, see Section 2 caution note |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वरक राज्य | Medium | 2 | 2:12 |
| Jesus | यीशु | Critical | throughout |
Section 2: New Terms Introduced by 1 Thessalonians
2.1 The Return of Christ
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coming / Return (parousia) | παρουσία (parousia) | पुनरागमन | punarāgaman | Critical | 2, 3, 4, 5 (2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23) | अवतरण, अवतार-आगमन, आगमन (alone) | Highest-stakes new term in this curriculum. Must be explicitly taught, at first occurrence, as Christ’s unique, personal, bodily, once-for-all, historically certain return — not one instance of the periodic avatar-descent expected within Mithila’s own Vaishnava cosmology, nor the coming Kalki avatar of popular regional eschatology. Consistency required across all four occurrences (cross-document consistency rule). |
| Caught up / Raptured | ἁρπάζω, fut. pass. ἁρπαγησόμεθα (harpazō) | उठाओल जाएब | uthāol jāeb | Critical | 4 (4:17) | स्वर्गारोहण, उड़ान भरब, समाधिस्थ होएब | Native Maithili passive construction (-ल जाएब), matching बजाओल जाएब precedent. Must not evoke merit-based bodily-ascension narratives from regional epic literature (e.g., Yudhishthira’s ascent in the Mahabharata) which frame ascension as a reward for accumulated virtue, nor yogic/meditative soul-ascent — this is a sudden, sovereign, grace-based act done TO believers by God. |
| Meeting (the Lord) | ἀπάντησις (apantēsis) | भेंट (or expanded: स्वागतक हेतु भेंट) | bheṇṭ | Medium | 4 (4:17) | दर्शन (a term carrying Hindu devotional temple-viewing connotations) | Deliberately avoid दर्शन, which in regional religious practice specifically denotes the devotee’s viewing of a deity’s image/murti in a temple — a different theological transaction entirely from believers going out to formally welcome the returning Lord. |
| Archangel | ἀρχάγγελος (archangelos) | प्रधान स्वर्गदूत | pradhān swargadūt | Medium | 4 (4:16) | देवता, देव | Must remain clearly a created, subordinate being; avoid any term suggesting near-divine or worship-worthy status given regional familiarity with intermediary semi-divine figures. |
| Trumpet of God | σάλπιγξ θεοῦ (salpinx theou) | परमेश्वरक तुरही | parameśvarak turahī | Low | 4 (4:16) | शंख (conch — carries strong specific ritual associations with Vishnu-worship and temple/puja practice) | Avoid शंख; retain a neutral instrument term. |
| Word of the Lord | λόγος κυρίου (logos kyriou) | प्रभुक वचन | prabhuk vacan | Medium-High | 4 (4:15) | — | Authoritative revealed word; ties to Inspiration of Scripture doctrine (baseline High risk doctrine). |
2.2 Resurrection of Believers
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asleep (death euphemism) | κοιμάομαι, κοιμωμένων/κοιμηθέντας (koimaomai) | प्रभुमे सुतल | prabhume sutal | High | 4 (4:13-15) | मृत, निद्रामे गेल (bare “asleep” without the qualifying phrase) | Deliberately preserves the built-in resurrection hope of the Greek euphemism; must not be reduced to a plain death-word nor confused with any notion of interim rest before rebirth. |
| Dead in Christ | οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ (hoi nekroi en Christō) | ख्रीष्टमे मृत जन | khrīṣṭame mṛt jan | Critical | 4 (4:16) | — | Identity/destiny located in union with Christ, not lineage or merit; direct application of baseline’s “christian_identity_in_christ” doctrine to the dead. |
| (Bodily) Rise / Resurrection | ἀνίστημι / ἀνάστασις (anistēmi / anastasis) | पुनरुत्थान | punaruthān | Critical | 1, 4 | पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन | [BASELINE REUSE] — repeated here because Resurrection of Believers is a named doctrine of this curriculum; every occurrence (1:10; 4:14; 4:16) must use this exact term, never पुनर्जन्म. |
2.3 Sanctification
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanctification (process) | ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) | पवित्रीकरण | pavitrīkaraṇ | High | 4, 5 | — | [BASELINE REUSE]; central doctrine term. |
| Holiness (state) | ἁγιωσύνη (hagiōsynē) | पवित्रता | pavitratā | Medium-High | 3 (3:13) | शुद्धता | Distinct from the process-noun पवित्रीकरण; the resulting holy state/character. Avoid शुद्धता (ritual/lineage purity connotations, per baseline caution on शुद्ध). |
| Will of God | θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ (thelēma tou theou) | परमेश्वरक इच्छा | parameśvarak icchā | Medium | 4 (4:3) | प्रारब्ध, नियति | Personal divine will, not impersonal fate/destiny. |
| Sexual Immorality | πορνεία (porneia) | व्यभिचार | vyabhicār | Medium-High | 4 (4:3) | कुल-कलंक (family/lineage dishonor) | Moral transgression before God, broader than reputational/family-honor violation within Panjikaran-conscious social structure. |
| Passionate Lust | πάθος ἐπιθυμίας (pathos epithymias) | वासना | vāsanā | Medium | 4 (4:5) | — | Contrasted with holiness; note वासना also carries a technical sense in Hindu/Buddhist psychology (latent karmic impressions) — in this context it denotes ordinary disordered sexual desire, not karmic residue; disambiguating note may be needed. |
| Brotherly Love | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | भाईचाराक प्रेम | bhāīcārāk prem | Low-Medium | 4 (4:9) | — | |
| Taught by God | θεοδίδακτοι (theodidaktoi) | परमेश्वरसँ सिखल | parameśvarasã̃ sikhal | Low | 4 (4:9) | — | |
| Test Everything | δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) | सभटा परख करब | sabhaṭā parakh karab | Low | 5 (5:21) | — | Neutral discernment, distinct from adversarial “tempt” (ch. 3). |
| Do Not Quench the Spirit | μὴ σβέννυτε τὸ πνεῦμα (mē sbennyte to pneuma) | आत्माकेँ नहि बुझाएब | ātmākē̃ nahi bujhāeb | Medium-High | 5 (5:19) | — | Personal Spirit who can be resisted/grieved, not an impersonal energy that depletes. |
| Spirit, Soul, Body | πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα (pneuma, psychē, sōma) | आत्मा, प्राण, शरीर | ātmā, prāṇ, śarīr | High | 5 (5:23) | जीव (for soul, carries transmigration-cycle connotation) | Major collision flag: human आत्मा here must be distinguished from Vedantic Ātman (held in Advaita to be ultimately identical with the impersonal Brahman) and from the SAME word used for the divine, personal पवित्र आत्मा — a first-occurrence translator note distinguishing “created human spirit” from “the uncreated divine Holy Spirit” is strongly recommended. |
| Blameless | ἄμεμπτος (amemptos) | निर्दोष | nirdoṣ | Low-Medium | 3, 5 | — | 3:13; 5:23. |
2.4 Hope in Grief
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | आशा | āśā | High | 1, 4, 5 | उम्मीद (too colloquial/vague) | Central term of this doctrine; must be anchored to its specific object (resurrection, Christ’s return) so it reads as confident assurance, not wishful sentiment; distinguish from भाग्य/प्रारब्ध-based resignation (cf. baseline’s “providence” caution). |
| Grieve / Grief | λυπέω / λύπη (lypeō / lypē) | शोक | śok | Medium-High | 4 (4:13) | दुख (too generic; loses the specific “grieving-as-those-without-hope” contrast) | Must remain tightly bound to its qualifying clause (“as those who have no hope”), not a blanket prohibition on grief itself. |
| Endurance / Steadfastness | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | धीरज | dhīraj | Medium | 1 (1:3) | सहनशीलता, तपस्या (ascetic-discipline connotation) | Endurance flowing from hope in Christ, not self-achieved ascetic/Yogic discipline. |
| Affliction / Tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | क्लेश | kleś | Medium | 1, 3 | कर्मफल (karmic-suffering connotation) | Personal, God-permitted trial met with Spirit-given joy, not impersonal karmic consequence. |
| Joy | χαρά (chara) | आनन्द | ānand | Medium | 1, 5 | — | Flag: आनन्द is also the third term of Advaita Vedanta’s sat-chit-ānanda triad describing impersonal Brahman’s nature; here it is a relational, Spirit-given response to a personal God, not a metaphysical state of impersonal bliss. First-occurrence teaching note recommended. |
| Always with the Lord | πάντοτε σὺν κυρίῳ (pantote syn kyriō) | सदिखन प्रभुक सङ्ग रहब | sadikhan prabhuk saṅg raheb | High | 4, 5 | मोक्ष-सदृश वर्णन (moksha-like description) | Unbroken, personal, relational presence with a personal Lord — not dissolution into an impersonal Absolute; consistency required between 4:17 and 5:10. |
| Love (agapē) | ἀγάπη (agapē) | प्रेम | prem | Medium | 1, 3, 5 | शृंगार-प्रेम (Vidyapati-tradition romantic devotional love) | Committed, self-giving covenantal love; must not be illustrated through the regionally cherished Radha-Krishna devotional-poetry tradition, which frames love as romantic/erotic devotion, a different category. |
2.5 The Day of the Lord
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου (hēmera kyriou) | प्रभुक दिन | prabhuk din | Critical | 5 (5:2) | कलियुगान्त (the popular “end of Kali Yuga” concept), प्रलय (cosmic dissolution/cyclical world-ending in Puranic cosmology) | Must be explicitly distinguished, at first occurrence, from Mithila’s own cyclical yuga-cosmology and the expectation of a coming Kalki avatar ending Kali Yuga. The biblical Day of the Lord is linear, historical, unrepeatable divine judgment/salvation, not one turn of a repeating cosmic cycle. |
| Wrath (of God) | ὀργή (orgē) | परमेश्वरक क्रोध | parameśvarak krodh | High | 1, 5 | शाप (curse — evokes rishi-curse narrative pattern), देवीक प्रकोप (goddess’s fury, evoking active Durga/Kali worship traditions e.g. Ugratara shrine) | Righteous, consistent, judicial wrath — not capricious deity-anger triggered by ritual offense and appeasable through ritual means. |
| Sudden Destruction | ὄλεθρος (olethros) | विनाश | vināś | Medium-High | 5 (5:3) | प्रलय | Decisive divine judgment on a specific day, not an impersonal or cyclically-recurring cosmic catastrophe. |
| Peace and Safety (false slogan) | εἰρήνη καὶ ἀσφάλεια (eirēnē kai asphaleia) | शान्ति आ सुरक्षा | śānti ā surakṣā | Medium | 5 (5:3) | — | An ironic human claim of security immediately preceding judgment; must not be confused with the genuine baseline doctrine “peace with God” it deliberately echoes. |
| Sons of Light / Sons of the Day | υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ ἡμέρας (huioi phōtos / huioi hēmeras) | ज्योतिक सन्तान / दिनक सन्तान | jyotik santān / dinak santān | Medium | 5 (5:5) | — | Baseline already flags ज्योति as risky for “glory” (Puranic divine-radiance overlap); recommend disambiguating note or considering उज्जवलताक सन्तान as an alternative pending native-speaker review. |
| Times and Seasons | χρόνοι καὶ καιροί (chronoi kai kairoi) | समय आ ऋतु | samay ā ṛtu | Low | 5 (5:1) | — | Introductory phrase to the Day of the Lord discourse. |
2.6 General / Church Life Terms (Low-Medium Risk, All Chapters)
| Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boldness | παρρησία (parrēsia) | निडरता | niḍartā | Low | 2 (2:2) | |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς (Satanas) | शैतान | śaitān | Medium-High | 2 (2:18) | Never असुर/राक्षस (regional mythological adversary-figures). |
| Full Assurance | πληροφορία (plērophoria) | पूर्ण निश्चय | pūrṇa niścaya | Medium | 1 (1:5) | Ties to baseline “assurance_of_salvation” (High). |
| Imitators | μιμηταί (mimētai) | अनुकरण करएबला | anukaraṇ karaebalā | Low | 1 (1:6) | |
| Idols | εἴδωλα (eidōla) | मूर्ति | mūrti | Critical | 1 (1:9) | Highest cultural sensitivity: active regional image-worship traditions (Durga Puja, Shiva linga, Ram-Sita murtis, Ugratara shrine). Human theologian review required for every occurrence. |
| Living and True God | θεὸς ζῶν καὶ ἀληθινός (theos zōn kai alēthinos) | जीवित आ सत्य परमेश्वर | jīvit ā satya parameśvar | Critical | 1 (1:9) | Distinguishes the God of Scripture from both idols and an impersonal Vedantic Absolute. |
| Word of God (preached) | λόγος θεοῦ (logos theou) | परमेश्वरक वचन | parameśvarak vacan | Medium-High | 2 (2:13) | Ties to Inspiration of Scripture doctrine. |
| Tempter / Tempt | ὁ πειράζων (ho peirazōn) | परीक्षा लेनिहार | parīkṣā lenihār | Medium | 3 (3:5) | Adversarial, distinct from neutral “test” (δοκιμάζω, ch. 5). |
| Establish / Strengthen | στηρίζω (stērizō) | स्थिर करब | sthir karab | Low-Medium | 3 (3:2, 3:13) | |
| Prayer | προσεύχομαι (proseuchomai) | प्रार्थना | prārthanā | Low | 5 (5:17) | Plain prayer; distinct from baseline’s मध्यस्थता (intercession specifically). |
| Those Who Lead/Labor Among You | προϊστάμενοι (proistamenoi) | अगुआ | aguā | Low-Medium | 5 (5:12) | Functional, service-based role; avoid caste-hierarchical vocabulary. |
| Admonish | νουθετέω (noutheteō) | चेतावनी देब | cetāvanī deb | Low | 5 (5:12, 5:14) | |
| Holy Kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον (philēma hagion) | पवित्र चुम्बन | pavitra cumban | Low | 5 (5:26) | Cultural greeting custom; may need adaptation footnote regarding public-greeting norms. |
Risk Summary for 1 Thessalonians New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 (पुनरागमन, उठाओल जाएब, ख्रीष्टमे मृत जन, प्रभुक दिन, मूर्ति, जीवित आ सत्य परमेश्वर) | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 6 (आशा, आत्मा/प्राण/शरीर triad, सदिखन प्रभुक सङ्ग रहब, शोक, परमेश्वरक क्रोध, पवित्रता*) | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 6 (व्यभिचार, भेंट, प्रार्थना/वचन-related terms, विनाश, आत्माकेँ नहि बुझाएब, शैतान) | Human theologian recommended |
| Medium | ~13 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | ~13 | Automated / native speaker spot-check |
*पवित्रता is listed under both High and Medium-High framing above; final tier to be confirmed in Phase 1 Step 2 (Risk Assessment) — flagged here as at least High given its proximity to the Critical baseline term धार्मिकता/पवित्र cluster.
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for the 1 Thessalonians curriculum in Phase 1 Steps 6-8, preserving every baseline Romans entry unchanged.
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Personhood of the Holy Spirit in Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:5-6 (source of joy amid affliction), 4:8 (given to believers), and 5:19 (‘do not quench the Spirit’). CRITICAL collision in this book specifically: the same word आत्मा is reused for the human spirit in the anthropological triad (5:23, see spirit_soul_body below); a first-occurrence note distinguishing the uncreated, personal पवित्र आत्मा from the created human आत्मा is required.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER मुक्ति or मोक्ष. In 5:8-9 salvation stands in direct antithesis to wrath (परमेश्वरक क्रोध); this contrast must remain sharp.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. This book uses the same noun/verb root for BOTH Christ’s own past resurrection (1:10, 4:14) and believers’ future resurrection (4:16); distinguish accomplished vs. future solely through Maithili verb tense/aspect (भेल/हएत), never through lexical variation, so Paul’s causal argument (‘because Jesus rose, so also…’) remains visible.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The Lord himself will descend’ (4:16) requires the honorific verb register consistently applied to प्रभु as grammatical subject/agent, matching the Romans 10:9 precedent (छथि-register). Also governs 5:9-10, 5:23.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Idolatry and Conversion to the Living and True God
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. This book’s 1:9 contrast with idols (‘you turned to God from idols’) makes परमेश्वर’s doctrinal precision especially load-bearing at the letter’s very outset.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father (1:1, 1:3, 3:11, 3:13). This book uniquely also uses the same word for Paul’s separate pastoral simile of himself as a father to the church (2:11); translators must ensure surrounding context makes clear which is meant, since Maithili grammar does not otherwise distinguish the two uses.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the whole letter, especially 4:14’s salvation-historical claim, ‘Jesus died and rose.’ Never ईसा.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक पुत्र
Transliteration: parameśvarak putra
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक अंश, देवपुरुष
Original: υἱός (θεοῦ)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked at 1:10, ‘to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead.’ Must not be assimilated to the region’s dynastic royal-birth narratives (e.g., Ram’s birth to Dasharath); this Sonship is eternal, not born within time.
Parousia Return Of Christ
Approved rendering: पुनरागमन
Transliteration: punarāgaman
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतरण, अवतार-आगमन, आगमन (bare)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
Highest-stakes new term in this curriculum. Occurs five times (2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23, plus the descent verb at 4:16). Mithila’s own Vaishnava tradition holds a living expectation of periodic divine descent (avatar) to restore dharma, and popular regional eschatology anticipates a coming Kalki avatar; पुनरागमन must be explicitly taught at first occurrence (2:19) as Christ’s unique, personal, bodily, once-for-all-yet-certain return, never a repeating cyclical descent. NEVER अवतरण or any अवतार-cognate. All occurrences must render identically per cross-document consistency rule.
Caught Up Rapture
Approved rendering: उठाओल जाएब
Transliteration: uthāol jāeb
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्गारोहण, उड़ान भरब, समाधिस्थ होएब
Original: ἁρπάζω (fut. pass. ἁρπαγησόμεθα)
Category: Eschatology
Core passage term (4:17). Built on the native Maithili passive construction (-ल जाएब), matching the बजाओल जाएब precedent. Must not evoke regionally known merit-based bodily-ascension narratives (e.g., Yudhishthira’s ascent in the Mahabharata) or yogic/meditative soul-ascent; this is a sudden, sovereign, grace-based act done TO believers by God, not a self-achieved spiritual attainment.
Dead In Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टमे मृत जन
Transliteration: khrīṣṭame mṛt jan
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ (including the dead)
Original: οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Eschatology
4:16. Never abbreviate to मृत जन alone, which would strip the union-with-Christ qualifier carrying the doctrinal weight. Locates identity and destiny in union with Christ even in death, not caste lineage, Panjikaran-verified ancestry, or accumulated devotional merit.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुक दिन
Transliteration: prabhuk din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: कलियुगान्त, प्रलय
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
Central term of the named doctrine ‘The Day of the Lord’ (5:2), coming ‘like a thief in the night.’ Must be explicitly distinguished at first occurrence from Mithila’s own cyclical yuga-cosmology and its expectation of a coming Kalki avatar ending Kali Yuga; the biblical Day of the Lord is linear, historical, unrepeatable — never one turn of a repeating cosmic wheel. NEVER कलियुगान्त or प्रलय.
Idols
Approved rendering: मूर्ति
Transliteration: mūrti
Doctrine: Idolatry and Conversion to the Living and True God
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: God
1:9, ‘you turned to God from idols.’ Highest cultural sensitivity in the book: Mithila has active, living image-worship traditions (Durga Puja, Shiva linga, Ram-Sita murtis, the Ugratara shrine). मूर्ति is the plain, unavoidable word for a worship-image; the doctrinal force of turning from image-worship to a personal, living God must be preserved without softening, while tone must avoid gratuitous offense. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Living And True God
Approved rendering: जीवित आ सत्य परमेश्वर
Transliteration: jīvit ā satya parameśvar
Doctrine: Idolatry and Conversion to the Living and True God
Original: θεὸς ζῶν καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: God
1:9. Phrase-level construction distinguishing the God of Scripture from both image-worship and from an impersonal Absolute (Brahman) in Vedantic thought.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācār
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation with Power
Rejected alternatives: नीक खबर, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians 1:5 and 2:2-9 the gospel arrives ‘not only in word but also in power’ and ‘not as the word of men’ — the Maithili rendering must continue to read as a weighty, authoritative proclamation, not one more religious message this audience already knows.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the epistolary greeting (1:1) as the ground of the church’s existence; continue resisting any merit-based or Sita-exemplar reading.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: The Faith-Love-Hope Triad
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Thessalonians, faith is repeatedly bundled with love and hope (1:3; 5:8) as a triad; ensure विश्वास is never softened toward भक्ति-style devotional reverence even when paired with प्रेम and आशा. In 4:14 it grounds trust in the specific historical fact of Jesus’ death and resurrection.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक चुनाव
Transliteration: parameśvarak cunāv
Doctrine: Election
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत, प्रारब्ध
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Single-verse occurrence at 1:4 (‘knowing… your election’); must not be rendered with any term suggesting karma-determined fate.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:5, ‘not only in word but also in power.’ Never शक्ति, which carries Shakta-goddess associations (Durga/Kali worship, the Ugratara shrine).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण, संस्कार
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Central named doctrine of this curriculum: explicitly called ‘the will of God’ at 4:3-4, 4:7, and prayed for climactically at 5:23. Must not collapse into संस्कार purification rites or Panjikaran-linked lineage-purity concerns, especially given this book’s added pressure of linking sanctification directly to sexual conduct (4:3-8).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, सती
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 3:13, ‘with all his saints,’ tied directly to Christ’s coming (parousia).
Called
Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2:12, God calling believers ‘into his own kingdom and glory.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: बजाओल जाएब
Transliteration: bajāol jāeb
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 5:24, ‘he who calls you is faithful’ — ties Divine Calling directly to Assurance of Salvation in this book.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 2:6 (Paul seeking glory from God alone) and 2:12 (destination of God’s calling). Avoid light-imagery terms (ज्योति) that could conflate with Puranic divine-radiance descriptions — directly relevant to this book’s separate sons_of_light term below.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुक वचन
Transliteration: prabhuk vacan
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Word of God
Original: λόγος κυρίου
Category: Covenant
4:15, grounding the resurrection/rapture teaching in direct divine authority. Ties to the doctrine ‘Inspiration of Scripture and the Word of God’; must read as God’s own authoritative word, distinct from the devotional authority Mithila grants to Vidyapati’s poetry or Puranic narrative.
Asleep In The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुमे सुतल
Transliteration: prabhume sutal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: मृत, निद्रामे गेल (bare)
Original: κοιμάομαι (κοιμωμένων / κοιμηθέντας)
Category: Eschatology
Core passage term (4:13-15). Deliberately preserves the built-in resurrection hope of the Greek sleep-euphemism; must not be flattened to a plain death-word (मृत देह), nor read as implying interim rest before rebirth. Do not substitute native Maithili death-euphemisms carrying ancestral-rites (श्राद्ध) associations.
Holiness State
Approved rendering: पवित्रता
Transliteration: pavitratā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धता
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
3:13, ‘establish your hearts blameless in holiness,’ at the parousia. Distinct from the process-noun पवित्रीकरण (the resulting holy state/character, not the ongoing process). Must not collapse into शुद्धता’s ritual/lineage-purity connotations. Keep grammatically distinct from पवित्रीकरण; do not alternate the two as stylistic synonyms.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: व्यभिचार
Transliteration: vyabhicār
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: कुल-कलंक
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
4:3, ‘that you abstain from sexual immorality.’ Must convey moral transgression against God’s design and standing before God (परमेश्वरक आगू), not primarily social/family dishonor or caste-marriage-propriety violation, a live concern in Panjikaran-conscious Mithila social structure.
Quench The Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्माकेँ नहि बुझाएब
Transliteration: ātmākē̃ nahi bujhāeb
Doctrine: Personhood of the Holy Spirit in Sanctification
Original: μὴ σβέννυτε τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: God
5:19. Ties directly to the Critical Holy Spirit entry. Must not suggest the Spirit is an impersonal force/energy that simply runs out, but a personal presence that can be resisted/grieved.
Spirit Soul Body
Approved rendering: आत्मा, प्राण, शरीर
Transliteration: ātmā, prāṇ, śarīr
Doctrine: Personhood of the Holy Spirit in Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: जीव
Original: πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα
Category: Sanctification
5:23, the anthropological triad prayed to be kept blameless at the parousia. Single highest-severity intra-letter collision: human आत्मा here is the SAME word used for the divine, personal पवित्र आत्मा elsewhere in this letter (1:5-6; 4:8; 5:19), and in Advaita Vedanta आत्मा/Ātman is held ultimately identical to impersonal Brahman — precisely the metaphysics this anthropology must not imply. NEVER जीव for the soul-element (transmigration-cycle connotation); use प्राण, understood as the seat of natural life, not yogic vital-force theory. A first-occurrence translator note distinguishing ‘created human spirit’ from ‘the uncreated divine Holy Spirit’ is mandatory and non-negotiable.
Hope
Approved rendering: आशा
Transliteration: āśā
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: उम्मीद
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Hope in Grief
Central term of the named doctrine ‘Hope in Grief’ (1:3; 4:13; 5:8). आशा in everyday Maithili can mean a mere wish; must be anchored, in the same clause, to its specific object (उद्धार, पुनरुत्थान, प्रभुक पुनरागमन) so it reads as confident assurance, not wishful sentiment, and must be distinguished from भाग्य/प्रारब्ध-based resignation. Never let आशा stand as a bare abstract noun in doctrinally load-bearing verses.
Grief
Approved rendering: शोक
Transliteration: śok
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: दुख
Original: λύπη / λυπέω
Category: Hope in Grief
Core passage term (4:13). Must remain tightly bound to its qualifying clause (‘as those who have no hope’); never rendered as a blanket prohibition on grief itself, which would contradict the passage’s pastoral realism about death.
Always With The Lord
Approved rendering: सदिखन प्रभुक सङ्ग रहब
Transliteration: sadikhan prabhuk saṅg raheb
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष-सदृश वर्णन
Original: πάντοτε σὺν κυρίῳ
Category: Hope in Grief
Climax of the core passage (4:17), echoed at 5:10. Must not be reduced to a vague afterlife-bliss statement resembling मोक्ष/निर्वाण (dissolution into the impersonal Absolute); this is unbroken, personal, relational presence with a personal Lord. Consistency required between 4:17 and 5:10.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक क्रोध
Transliteration: parameśvarak krodh
Doctrine: Wrath of God
Rejected alternatives: शाप, देवीक प्रकोप
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
1:10 (delivered from ‘the wrath to come’), 5:9 (‘not destined for wrath but to obtain salvation’). Must be distinguished from the capricious, narratively-triggered anger of Puranic deities/sages (e.g., a rishi’s curse) and from the fierce wrath of active regional goddess-worship traditions (e.g., the Ugratara shrine); righteous, consistent, judicial wrath, never ritually appeasable.
Sudden Destruction
Approved rendering: विनाश
Transliteration: vināś
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: प्रलय
Original: ὄλεθρος
Category: Eschatology
5:3, falling on those who say ‘peace and safety.’ Must read as decisive divine judgment on a specific historical day, not an impersonal or cyclically-recurring cosmic catastrophe within the regional cyclical-time framework; keep collocated with a temporal marker (achanak, suddenly).
Satan
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: śaitān
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict (Satan and Temptation)
Rejected alternatives: असुर, राक्षस
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Conflict
2:18, ‘Satan hindered us.’ Transliterated proper name, following established North Indian Bible-translation convention. Must NOT be rendered असुर or राक्षस, mythological adversary-figures (e.g., Ravana) embedded in the region’s own Ramayana narrative tradition.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, मठ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1:1 (‘the church of the Thessalonians’), 2:14 (‘the churches of God’).
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Genuine greeting-peace at 1:1 must be kept theologically distinct from the ironic false slogan ‘peace and safety’ at 5:3 (see peace_and_safety_false_slogan below), which deliberately echoes and subverts this term.
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 2:6-7, contrasted with demands the apostles could have made. Never पंडित, given its Panjikaran-custodian role in Mithila unrelated to apostolic commissioning.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In 4:5 used negatively (‘like the Gentiles who do not know God’) to characterize disordered passion — a contextual, not blanket, characterization. Keep अन्यजाति distinct from जाति in its caste-lineage sense.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom of God
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. 2:12, paired with ‘glory.’ Distinguish from a political/dynastic kingdom, a sensitive association given Mithila’s own historic identity as the ancient kingdom of Raja Janak.
Meeting The Lord
Approved rendering: भेंट
Transliteration: bheṇṭ
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
4:17. Echoes the Hellenistic custom of a delegation formally escorting home an arriving dignitary. Deliberately avoid दर्शन, which in regional religious practice denotes a devotee’s viewing of a deity’s image/murti in a temple — a different theological transaction. May be expanded to स्वागतक हेतु भेंट where the honor-escort sense needs reinforcing.
Archangel
Approved rendering: प्रधान स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: pradhān swargadūt
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवता, देव
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
4:16. Must remain a clearly created, subordinate being; avoid any term suggesting near-divine or worship-worthy status given regional familiarity with intermediary semi-divine figures (yaksha, gandharva, deva) in Puranic cosmology.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक इच्छा
Transliteration: parameśvarak icchā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: प्रारब्ध, नियति
Original: θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
4:3, ‘This is the will of God, your sanctification’; also 5:18. Personal divine intention, not impersonal fate or destiny.
Passionate Lust
Approved rendering: वासना
Transliteration: vāsanā
Doctrine: Sexual Purity as Sanctification
Original: πάθος ἐπιθυμίας
Category: Sanctification
4:5, contrasted with holiness; characteristic of ‘the Gentiles who do not know God.’ वासना also carries a technical sense in Hindu/Buddhist psychology (latent karmic impressions); in this context it denotes ordinary disordered sexual desire, not karmic residue — a disambiguating note is recommended at first occurrence.
Endurance
Approved rendering: धीरज
Transliteration: dhīraj
Doctrine: The Faith-Love-Hope Triad
Rejected alternatives: सहनशीलता, तपस्या
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Hope in Grief
1:3, ‘steadfastness of hope.’ Distinguish from Yogic/ascetic endurance cultivated as self-achieved spiritual discipline; this endurance flows from hope in Christ.
Affliction
Approved rendering: क्लेश
Transliteration: kleś
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफल
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Hope in Grief
1:6 (received with Spirit-given joy), 3:3-4 (expected hardship). Distinguish from impersonal karmic suffering.
Joy
Approved rendering: आनन्द
Transliteration: ānand
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: χαρά
Category: Hope in Grief
1:6, 5:16. आनन्द is also the third term of Advaita Vedanta’s sat-chit-ananda triad describing impersonal Brahman’s own nature, well-known among Maithili speakers with Vedantic or temple-discourse exposure. Biblical joy here is a relational, Spirit-given response to a personal God’s action, not a metaphysical state of impersonal bliss. First-occurrence teaching note required at 1:6.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: शृंगार-प्रेम
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
1:3, 3:12, 4:9. Must not be illustrated through the regionally cherished Vidyapati-tradition shringara-bhakti (romantic/erotic devotional love for Radha-Krishna); agapē is committed, self-giving covenantal love, a different category from devotional passion.
Peace And Safety False Slogan
Approved rendering: शान्ति आ सुरक्षा
Transliteration: śānti ā surakṣā
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: εἰρήνη καὶ ἀσφάλεια
Category: Eschatology
5:3. An ironic, false human slogan of security immediately before sudden judgment; must not be confused with the genuine ‘peace with God’ doctrine (शान्ति, 1:1) it deliberately echoes and subverts. Discourse framing (quoted, ironic speech) must make this clear.
Sons Of Light
Approved rendering: ज्योतिक सन्तान
Transliteration: jyotik santān
Doctrine: Moral Vigilance as Sons of Light
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ ἡμέρας
Category: Sanctification
5:5, moral/spiritual belonging to light versus darkness, requiring alertness. Baseline already flags ज्योति as risky for ‘glory’ (महिमा) due to Puranic divine-radiance overlap; same lexical overlap risk applies here to a distinct moral-belonging sense. FLAGGED FOR NATIVE-SPEAKER CONFIRMATION before Phase 2 finalization; candidate alternative उज्जवलताक सन्तान.
Full Assurance
Approved rendering: पूर्ण निश्चय
Transliteration: pūrṇa niścaya
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: πληροφορία
Category: Assurance
1:5, the full conviction accompanying the gospel’s arrival. Ties to ‘Assurance of Salvation’ (High); assurance grounded in God’s action, not accumulated merit or fate.
Tempter
Approved rendering: परीक्षा लेनिहार
Transliteration: parīkṣā lenihār
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict (Satan and Temptation)
Original: ὁ πειράζων
Category: Spiritual Conflict
3:5, ‘the tempter might have tempted you.’ Adversarial activity toward apostasy/unbelief, distinct from neutral ‘testing’ (δοκιμάζω, 5:21).
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Encouragement
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 4:18 this sense leans toward warm pastoral comfort-in-grief (‘encourage/comfort one another with these words’) rather than beseeching entreaty; also used at 3:2, 3:7. Render with warmth within formal register given the bereavement context.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Word of God
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 5:20, ‘do not despise prophecies.‘
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक तुरही
Transliteration: parameśvarak turahī
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: शंख
Original: σάλπιγξ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
4:16. Avoid शंख, which carries strong specific ritual associations with Vishnu-worship and puja practice; retain a neutral instrument term.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: भाईचाराक प्रेम
Transliteration: bhāīcārāk prem
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Christian Fellowship
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
4:9, about which the Thessalonians need no further teaching.
Taught By God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरसँ सिखल
Transliteration: parameśvarasã̃ sikhal
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: θεοδίδακτοι
Category: Sanctification
4:9, believers instructed directly by God to love one another.
Test Everything
Approved rendering: सभटा परख करब
Transliteration: sabhaṭā parakh karab
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Sanctification
5:21. Neutral discernment-testing, distinct from adversarial ὁ πειράζων/tempter (3:5).
Blameless
Approved rendering: निर्दोष
Transliteration: nirdoṣ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἄμεμπτος
Category: Sanctification
3:13, 5:23. Standard moral-purity term.
Times And Seasons
Approved rendering: समय आ ऋतु
Transliteration: samay ā ṛtu
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: χρόνοι καὶ καιροί
Category: Eschatology
5:1, introductory phrase opening the Day of the Lord discourse.
Boldness
Approved rendering: निडरता
Transliteration: niḍartā
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation with Power
Original: παρρησία
Category: Mission
2:2, confident boldness to speak the gospel despite opposition.
Imitators
Approved rendering: अनुकरण करएबला
Transliteration: anukaraṇ karaebalā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: μιμηταί
Category: Sanctification
1:6, 2:14, believers becoming imitators of Paul, the Lord, and the Judean churches.
Establish Strengthen
Approved rendering: स्थिर करब
Transliteration: sthir karab
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: στηρίζω
Category: Sanctification
3:2 (‘establish you in your faith’), 3:13 (‘establish your hearts blameless’).
Prayer
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prārthanā
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer
Original: προσεύχομαι
Category: Faith
5:17, ‘pray without ceasing’; 5:25. Plain, ordinary prayer, distinct from the baseline’s मध्यस्थता (intercession specifically).
Church Leaders
Approved rendering: अगुआ
Transliteration: aguā
Doctrine: Church Life and Leadership
Original: προϊστάμενοι
Category: Church
5:12, those who labor among and lead the congregation. Functional, service-based leadership; avoid any caste-hierarchical term implying inherited status.
Admonish
Approved rendering: चेतावनी देब
Transliteration: cetāvanī deb
Doctrine: Church Life and Leadership
Original: νουθετέω
Category: Church
5:12, 5:14, warning or correcting fellow believers, especially the idle.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: पवित्र चुम्बन
Transliteration: pavitra cumban
Doctrine: Church Life and Leadership
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
5:26. Cultural greeting-custom term; may need a cultural-adaptation footnote regarding public physical-greeting norms in contemporary Maithili social context.
Referenced passages