Core Glossary
Hebrews: Core Glossary for Maithili
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans translation_memory.json)
These terms recur in Hebrews and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded in the baseline. No re-evaluation or alternative rendering is permitted.
| English Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Hebrews Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | परमेश्वर | parameśvar | Critical | God | 1:1,8-9; 2:13,17; 3:4; 9:14; 11:6 | Reused exactly; never भगवान/ईश्वर. |
| Jesus | यीशु | Yīśu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 2:9; 3:1; 4:14; 6:20; 7:22; 9:11,15; 10:19; 12:2,24; 13:8,12,20 | Reused exactly; never ईसा. |
| Lord | प्रभु | prabhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 8:2,8-11; 12:5-6,14; 13:6,20 | Reused exactly; honorific verb agreement required throughout, including quoted OT “LORD” (YHWH) passages. |
| Christ / Messiah | ख्रीष्ट / मसीह | Khrīṣṭ / Masīh | Critical | Messianic Promise | Throughout (“Christ” as name/title over 60x) | Reused exactly; never assimilated to Ram/Krishna avatar figures. |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | pavitra ātmā | Critical | Sanctification / Trinity | 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15,29 | Reused exactly; never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा. |
| Father | पिता | pitā | Critical | Adoption / God | 1:5; 12:7-9 | Reused exactly. |
| Son of God | परमेश्वरक पुत्र | parameśvarak putra | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 1:2,5,8; 4:14; 5:5,8; 6:6; 7:3,28 | Reused exactly, native genitive -क. |
| Incarnation (theological name for) | देहधारण | dehadhāraṇ | Critical | Incarnation | 2:14; 10:5 (“a body you prepared for me”) | Reused exactly; never अवतार. Mandatory translator note at both occurrences. |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | punaruthān | Critical | Resurrection | 6:2; 11:35 (“better resurrection”); 13:20 | Reused exactly; never पुनर्जन्म. Especially critical at 9:27 and 11:35. |
| Salvation | उद्धार | uddhār | Critical | Salvation | 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 6:9; 7:25; 9:28 | Reused exactly; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| Faith | विश्वास | biswas | High | Faith | 4:2; 6:1,12; 10:22,38-39; 11:1-40 (throughout); 12:2; 13:7 | Reused exactly. Root for new terms अविश्वास (unbelief) and निश्चय (assurance), see Section B. |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | anugraha | High | Grace | 2:9; 4:16; 10:29; 12:15,28; 13:9,25 | Reused exactly. Root for new term अनुग्रहक सिंहासन (throne of grace), see Section B. |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | dhārmiktā | Critical | Salvation | 1:8-9; 5:13; 7:2; 10:38; 11:4,7,33; 12:11,23 | Reused exactly; never धर्म/सतीत्व, incl. Melchizedek’s title “king of righteousness” (7:2). |
| Holy | पवित्र | pavitra | High | Sanctification | Throughout (holy places, holy ones, Holy Spirit, etc.) | Reused exactly; root for परम पवित्र स्थान (Most Holy Place), see Section B. |
| Sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | pavitrīkaraṇ | High | Sanctification | 2:11; 9:13; 10:10,14,29; 12:14; 13:12 | Reused exactly. |
| Saints / holy ones | पवित्र जन | pavitra jan | High | Sainthood | 6:10; 13:24 | Reused exactly; never संत/सती. |
| Adoption/sonship theme | पुत्रत्व प्रदान | putratva pradān | High | Adoption | 2:10 (“bringing many sons to glory”); 12:5-8 | Baseline concept reused for Hebrews’ sonship-discipline argument in ch. 12. |
| Glory | महिमा | mahimā | High | Deity of Christ | 1:3; 2:7,9-10; 3:3; 9:5 (cherubim of glory); 13:21 | Reused exactly. |
| Called / calling | बजाओल / बजाओल जाएब | bajāol / bajāol jāeb | High | Divine Calling | 3:1 (“holy calling”); 9:15; 11:8 | Reused exactly. |
| Covenant | वाचा | vācā | High | Davidic Covenant / New Covenant | 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20 | Reused exactly. See new compound नया वाचा (new covenant) and covenant/testament wordplay note, Section B. |
| Law | व्यवस्था | byavasthā | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4,10; 9:19,22; 10:1,8,28 | Reused exactly; never धर्म. |
| Sin | पाप | pāp | High | Universal Human Accountability | 1:3; 2:17; 3:13; 4:15; 9:26,28; 10:2-4,12,26; 11:25; 12:1,4; 13:11 | Reused exactly. Root for new compound मृत कर्म (dead works), Section B. |
| Apostle | प्रेरित | prerit | Medium | Apostleship | 3:1 (“apostle and high priest of our confession”) | Reused exactly. Uniquely combined with high priest title — see Section B note. |
| Intercession | मध्यस्थता | madhyasthatā | Medium | Prayer and Intercession | 7:25 (Christ “always lives to make intercession”) | Reused exactly. Root for new term मध्यस्थ (mediator, a person-noun), Section B. |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Isrāel | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 8:8,10; 11:22 | Reused exactly. |
| David | दाऊद | Dāūd | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 4:7; 11:32 | Reused exactly. |
| Prophet / prophecy | भविष्यद्वक्ता / भविष्यवाणी | bhaviṣyadvaktā / bhaviṣyavāṇī | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:1; 8:8-12 (Jeremiah quotation); 11:32 | Reused exactly. |
| Church (assembly) | मण्डली | maṇḍalī | Medium | Church as God’s People | 2:12 (“in the midst of the congregation”); 12:23 (“church of the firstborn”) | Reused exactly. |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वरक राज्य | parameśvarak rājya | Medium | Kingdom Mission | 12:28 (“receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken”) | Reused exactly. Combined with new qualifier न डोलनिहार (unshakeable), Section B. |
| Peace | शान्ति | śānti | Medium | Peace with God | 7:2 (“king of peace”); 12:14; 13:20 | Reused exactly. |
| Exhort | उत्साहित करब | utsāhit karab | Low | Mutual Edification | 3:13; 10:25; 13:22 | Reused exactly. |
| Thanksgiving / praise | धन्यवाद | dhanyavād | Low | Thanksgiving | 13:15 (root sense, adapted into स्तुतिक बलिदान) | Reused as root; see Section B for compound. |
| Fellowship / sharing | सङ्गति | saṅgati | Low | Christian Fellowship | 13:16 (“to share what you have”) | Reused exactly. |
| Power of God | परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य | parameśvarak sāmarthya | High | Power of God | 1:3 (“the word of his power”); 7:16 (“power of an indestructible life”) | Reused exactly; never शक्ति. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Hebrews (Proposed for translation_memory.json v2)
| # | English Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | High priest | महायाजक | mahāyājak | Critical | Christ as the Great High Priest | 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1; 9:7,11,25 | पंडित (rejected per baseline apostle-entry precedent: Panjikaran genealogist role), पुरोहित (hereditary household-priest caste term) | The book’s central office-title. याजक root ties to Vedic यज्ञ; must be anchored every occurrence to Christ’s unique, non-hereditary, permanent priesthood (ch. 7). |
| 2 | Priest | याजक | yājak | High | Christ as the Great High Priest / Levitical Priesthood | 5:6; 7:1-3,11,14-15,20,23; 8:4; 9:6; 10:11,21; 13:11 | पंडित, पुरोहित | Same collision profile as महायाजक at lower intensity (ordinary priests, not the high priest). |
| 3 | Priesthood | याजकत्व | yājaktva | High | Levitical Priesthood / Christ as Great High Priest | 7:11-12,14,24 | — | Abstract-noun form; ch. 7’s whole argument turns on the CHANGE of priesthood (Levitical → Melchizedekian). |
| 4 | Sacrifice (noun/verb) | बलिदान | balidān | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5:1; 7:27; 8:3; 9:9,23,26,28; 10:1-12,26; 11:4; 13:15-16 | यज्ञ (rejected: names the entire Vedic fire-ritual, multi-deity, Brahmin-officiated complex; would frame Christ’s sacrifice as one more yajna performance), पूजा (rejected: image/deity devotional ritual, not a life-offering) | The doctrinal center of the book. Must always carry (explicitly or via translator note) the once-for-all qualifier when referring to Christ’s sacrifice. |
| 5 | Offering / gift | भेंट | bheṇṭ | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5:1; 8:3-4; 9:9; 10:5,8,10,14,18; 11:4 | अर्पण, चढ़ावा (both rejected/used cautiously: standard Hindu ritual-offering vocabulary for presentations to a deity/idol) | Used for δῶρον (gift) and προσφορά (offering) where distinct from θυσία; in ambiguous contexts prefer बलिदान for consistency. |
| 6 | Blood | रक्त (formal) / रगत (native/narrative) | rakt / ragat | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:4,19,29; 11:28; 12:24; 13:11-12,20 | खून (too colloquial for formal doctrinal register) | Recommend रक्त for formal doctrinal register (Sanskrit tatsama, consistent with the package’s general preference — cf. अनुग्रह, धार्मिकता), with रगत permitted in narrative/oral-reading contexts. |
| 7 | Tabernacle / tent | निवास-तम्बू | nivās-tambū | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 11:9; 13:10 | मंदिर (rejected: Hindu temple, per baseline “church” entry precedent) | Never मंदिर. Distinguish earthly tabernacle (copy) from the “greater tabernacle not made with hands” (9:11, heavenly reality). |
| 8 | Holy Place | पवित्र स्थान | pavitra sthān | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:2,6,8,12,24-25; 13:11 | — | Built on baseline पवित्र. |
| 9 | Most Holy Place / Holy of Holies | परम पवित्र स्थान | param pavitra sthān | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:3,7-8,12,25; 10:19 | गर्भगृह (rejected: the specific innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple housing a deity image, permanently restricted rather than definitively opened) | Central to the doctrine that Christ has permanently opened what was once permanently restricted. |
| 10 | Veil / curtain | परदा | pardā | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 6:19; 9:3; 10:20 | — | 10:20’s identification of the veil with Christ’s own flesh requires a translator note (apposition risk of being lost). |
| 11 | Ark of the covenant | वाचाक सन्दूक | vācāk sandūk | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 9:4 | — | Built on baseline वाचा. |
| 12 | Mercy seat / place of atonement | प्रायश्चित ढकना | prāyaścit ḍhaknā | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:5 | दया का आसन (considered, but loses the specific atonement-cover referent) | प्रायश्चित’s ordinary Hindu meaning is self-performed expiatory penance; mandatory translator note required distinguishing this OT object as a type of what Christ, not the worshiper, accomplishes. Recommend harmonizing with however Romans 3:25 (ἱλαστήριον, applied to Christ himself) is eventually rendered — flag for cross-curriculum consistency in Phase 2. |
| 13 | Propitiation / to make atonement | प्रायश्चित करब | prāyaścit karab | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:17 | — | Same Critical concern as #12; always requires explanatory framing that this is God’s own provision performed FOR sinners, not achieved BY them. |
| 14 | Mediator | मध्यस्थ | madhyasth | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 8:6; 9:15; 12:24 | — | Built on baseline मध्यस्थता (intercession). Exclusivity of Christ’s mediating role must be preserved against functional priest/pandit/family-deity intermediary roles in regional practice. |
| 15 | New covenant | नया वाचा | nayā vācā | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24 | — | Built on baseline वाचा. |
| 16 | Covenant/testament wordplay (διαθήκη) | वाचा (with mandatory translator note at 9:16-17) | vācā | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 9:16-17 | — | वाचा cannot carry the “last will and testament” legal sense the Greek wordplay requires; explanatory note is mandatory at these two verses specifically, or the argument reads as a non-sequitur. |
| 17 | Redemption | छुटकारा | chuṭkārā | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:12,15 | — | Baseline already permits छुटकारा for “salvation” in specific rescue-narrative contexts; Hebrews 9 is exactly such a context. Keep distinct from broader उद्धार. |
| 18 | Eternal | अनन्त | anant | High | (cross-doctrinal: Once-for-All Sacrifice, New Covenant, Assurance) | 5:9; 6:2; 9:12,14-15; 13:8,20 | सनातन (rejected: functions as a self-designation of Hinduism itself, “Sanatan Dharma”; would falsely equate Christ’s eternality with that framework) | High-frequency term; consistent avoidance of सनातन required throughout. |
| 19 | Conscience | विवेक | vivek | Medium/High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18 | अंतःकरण (rejected: technical Vedantic/Samkhya four-faculty psychological term, imports a rival metaphysical system) | Central to 9:14’s key contrast between external (flesh) and internal (conscience) cleansing. |
| 20 | Perfect / perfection / to perfect | पूर्ण / पूर्णता / पूर्ण करब | pūrṇa / pūrṇatā | Critical | Christ as the Great High Priest / The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:10; 5:9,14; 6:1; 7:11,19,28; 9:9,11; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23 | सिद्ध / सिद्धता (rejected — MOST IMPORTANT NEW REJECTION IN THIS CURRICULUM: names the Tantric/Yogic adept who attains supernatural power/perfection through disciplined practice, a live and prestigious category in Mithila’s active Shakta-Tantric tradition; would reverse Hebrews’ actual claim that perfection is given, not attained) | One of the most frequent load-bearing terms in the whole book; never render with सिद्ध/सिद्धि in any form. |
| 21 | Rest | विश्राम | viśrām | Medium | (background to Faith/Perseverance doctrines) | 3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,8-11 | — | Must remain relational/covenantal rest with God, not release-from-existence (moksha-adjacent) or mere holiday rest. |
| 22 | Sabbath rest | शब्बत विश्राम | śabbat viśrām | Medium | (background) | 4:9 | — | Requires explanation as the eschatological fulfillment-rest, not weekly Sabbath observance itself. |
| 23 | Apostasy / falling away | विश्वाससँ भटकब | biswassã bhaṭakab | High | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 3:12; 6:6; 10:26,29,39 | धर्मत्याग (rejected: contains धर्म, forbidden per baseline), पतित होएब (rejected: पतित carries caste/outcaste stigma connotations) | Built on baseline विश्वास; describes definitive turning away from Christ, distinct from momentary doubt. |
| 24 | Unbelief | अविश्वास | aviśvās | High | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 3:12,19; 4:6,11 | — | Direct antonym-pairing with baseline विश्वास; keep transparent throughout warning passages. |
| 25 | Endurance / perseverance | धीरज | dhīraj | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 10:36; 12:1,7 | — | — |
| 26 | Faith’s assurance/substance (ὑπόστασις) | निश्चय | niścay | High | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:1 | — | Definitional clause of ch. 11; must not read as vague hopeful feeling. |
| 27 | Hope | आशा | āśā | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 3:6; 6:11,18-19; 7:19; 10:23; 11:1 | — | Confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not generic optimism. |
| 28 | Discipline / chastening | अनुशासन | anuśāsan | Medium-High | Perseverance and Assurance | 12:5-11 | ताड़ना (considered, more punitive-sounding) | Must be framed as loving fatherly formation (baseline पिता/पुत्रत्व प्रदान), not karmic retribution. |
| 29 | Inheritance | उत्तराधिकार | uttarādhikār | Medium-High | New Covenant versus Old / Adoption | 1:14; 6:12,17; 9:15; 11:7-8 | मीरास/विरासत (acceptable colloquial alternatives, formal register preferred) | Resonant with strong regional lineage-inheritance customs; must clarify heavenly, not earthly/Panjikaran-verified, inheritance. |
| 30 | Forerunner | अग्रदूत | agradūt | Low-Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 6:20 | — | — |
| 31 | Melchizedek | मलिकिसिदक | Malkisidak | Critical | Christ as the Great High Priest | 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17 | — | Structural resemblance to Raja Janak of Mithila (philosopher-king, regionally venerated); mandatory translator/teacher note required at every occurrence distinguishing this as a real historical OT type of Christ, not a parallel to or precedent for a regional king-sage ideal. |
| 32 | Oath | शपथ | śapath | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 6:16-17; 7:20-21,28 | — | — |
| 33 | Surety / guarantor | प्रतिभू | pratibhū | Low-Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 7:22 | — | — |
| 34 | Shadow / copy / type | छाया / प्रतिरूप | chāyā / pratirūp | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:5; 9:9,23-24; 10:1 | — | Requires typology (foreshadow/fulfillment) explained; no ready Hindu-ritual analogue since OT rites are not usually framed as “copies” of a greater heavenly original. |
| 35 | Worship | आराधना | ārādhanā | High | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1:6 | पूजा (rejected: specific Hindu image/idol ritual-worship vocabulary) | Angels commanded to worship the Son — one of ch. 1’s strongest deity-of-Christ claims. |
| 36 | Serve (cultic service) | सेवा करब | sevā karab | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:14; 12:28; 13:10 | — | — |
| 37 | Minister / ministering | सेवक | sevak | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels / Christ as Great High Priest | 1:7,14; 8:2 | — | — |
| 38 | Consuming fire | भस्म करनिहार आगि | bhasm karanihār āgi | Medium | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 12:29 | — | Note resonance with, but distinction from, Agni’s ritual role in Vedic yajna. |
| 39 | Unshakeable kingdom | न डोलनिहार परमेश्वरक राज्य | na ḍolanihār parameśvarak rājya | Medium | New Covenant versus Old | 12:28 | — | Built on baseline किंगडम term; sensitive given Mithila’s own historic Janak-kingdom identity. |
| 40 | Altar | वेदी | vedī | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 13:10 | — | Standard Bible-translation term, but identical to the Vedic ritual fire-altar (havan-vedi) term; mandatory contextual framing required. |
| 41 | Outside the camp/gate | छावनि/फाटकसँ बाहर | chāvani/phāṭaksã bāhar | Medium-High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 13:11-13 | — | Double-edged: powerful image of Christ’s voluntary identification with the excluded, but risks being misheard through caste-exclusion associations if mishandled. |
| 42 | Tithe | दशांश | daśāṅś | Low | Christ as the Great High Priest | 7:2,4-9 | — | — |
| 43 | Genealogy | वंशावली | vanśāvalī | High | Christ as the Great High Priest | 7:3,6 | गोत्र (rejected: exact Panjikaran caste-lineage-verification term; would import genealogical-purity anxiety foreign to the point being made) | Melchizedek’s priesthood is validated by NOT having a recorded genealogy — a startling claim in a Panjikaran-conscious culture. |
| 44 | Tribe | वंश | vanś | Medium-High | Christ as the Great High Priest | 7:13-14 | गोत्र (rejected, same reason as above) | Consistent with baseline’s दाऊदक वंशसँ (seed of David) construction. |
| 45 | Firstborn | पहिलौठा | pahilauṭhā | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels / Church as God’s People | 1:6; 11:28; 12:23 | — | Keep consistent across singular (Christ) and corporate (church) uses. |
| 46 | Word of God (living and active) | परमेश्वरक वचन | parameśvarak vacan | Medium-High | (background to Faith, Perseverance) | 4:12 | — | Personal, active divine agency, not merely “an important text.” |
| 47 | Exact imprint / radiance | ठीक छाप / महिमाक चमक | ṭhīk chāp / mahimāk camak | Critical | Superiority of Christ over Angels (Deity of Christ) | 1:3 | अंश (rejected per baseline son_of_god precedent) | Must convey same-substance radiance/exact representation, not emanation or partial manifestation. |
| 48 | Angel(s) | स्वर्गदूत | svargadūt | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1:4-14; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2 | देवदूत (rejected: देव- prefix risks classing angels with Hindu deities/demigods) | — |
| 49 | Ministering spirits | सेवा करनिहार आत्मासभ | sevā karanihār ātmā sabh | Medium-High | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1:14 | — | Must not be conflated with the populated folk category of ancestral/village spirits (भूत-प्रेत, ग्राम-देवता). |
| 50 | Confession | अंगीकार | aṅgīkār | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 3:1; 4:14; 10:23 | — | Keep consistent across all three occurrences (same Greek word, ὁμολογία). |
| 51 | Boldness / confidence (access) | निडरता / साहस | niḍartā / sāhas | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35 | — | Central to the “Access to God” doctrine; must not be softened to mere politeness. |
| 52 | Throne of grace | अनुग्रहक सिंहासन | anugrahak siṅhāsan | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16 | — | Built on baseline अनुग्रह. |
| 53 | Dead works | मृत कर्म | mṛt karma | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 6:1; 9:14 | — | कर्म is the load-bearing term of Hindu karma-doctrine; requires a note clarifying scope (OT ritual/works-based approach to God, not “all action is meaningless”). |
| 54 | Once for all | एक बेरमात्र सदा हेतु | ek ber mātra sadā hetu | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 7:27; 9:12,26,28; 10:10 | — | The single most important recurring adverbial phrase in the book; must exclude any repeatability, countering both Levitical and regional yajna/puja ritual patterns. |
| 55 | New and living way | नव आ जीवित बाट | nav ā jīvit bāṭ | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 10:20 | — | Positive counterpart to the torn veil. |
| 56 | Sit down (completed priestly work) | बैसि गेला | baisi gelā | High | Christ as the Great High Priest | 1:3; 8:1; 10:12; 12:2 | — | Preserve the sit/stand posture-contrast with the never-seated Levitical priests (10:11-12). |
| 57 | Full assurance of faith | विश्वासक पूर्ण निश्चय | biswasak pūrṇa niścay | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood / Perseverance and Assurance | 10:22 | — | — |
| 58 | Sacrifice of praise | स्तुतिक बलिदान | stutik balidān | Medium | (closing exhortation) | 13:15 | — | Metaphorical, responsive sense of “sacrifice” — must be distinguished from atoning sacrifice proper. |
| 59 | Great shepherd | महान चरवाहा | mahān charvāhā | Low-Medium | (closing benediction) | 13:20 | — | Pastoral image, culturally distant but intelligible in agrarian Mithila. |
| 60 | Cloud of witnesses | गवाहक बादर | gavāhak bādar | Low-Medium | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 12:1 | — | Not to be conflated with active ancestor-spirit intervention. |
| 61 | Strangers and pilgrims / sojourner | परदेशी आ यात्री | paradeśī ā yātrī | Medium | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:9,13 | — | Positive bridge to regional pilgrimage (यात्रा) practice, if anchored to a heavenly destination. |
| 62 | Hospitality | अतिथि-सत्कार | atithi-satkār | Low-Medium | (closing exhortations) | 13:2 | — | Resonant, positive cultural bridge (अतिथि देवो भव); ensure no literal-deity implication. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 1 Subsequent Steps
- Doctrine risk registry extension required (Phase 1 Step 2/3 scope): the eight doctrines named in the curriculum parameters (Superiority of Christ over Angels/Moses/Levitical Priesthood; Christ as the Great High Priest; New Covenant versus Old; Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Danger of Apostasy; Faith of OT Saints; Perseverance and Assurance; Access to God through Christ’s Blood) are all represented above and should each inherit the Critical/High risk terms listed in Section B as their primary vocabulary.
- Melchizedek and Perfection are the two highest-net-new risks this curriculum introduces beyond the Romans baseline and should receive dedicated translator/theologian briefing materials in later Phase 1 steps, comparable to the baseline’s existing incarnation/अवतार briefing.
- Cross-curriculum harmonization flagged: ἱλαστήριον (Hebrews 9:5 “mercy seat” / Romans 3:25 “propitiation”) should be reconciled into a single consistent Maithili strategy once the Romans package’s own treatment of Romans 3:25 is finalized, since it is not currently present in the baseline
translation_memory.json. - “The righteous shall live by faith” (Hebrews 10:38, quoting Habakkuk 2:4) must be rendered identically to Romans 1:17’s established phrasing per the baseline’s Theological Consistency Rules.
- All Section B terms are proposed as candidates for formal addition to
translation_memory.json(version increment) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Hebrews begins, per the Pre-flight Checklist in12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In Hebrews addressed directly as speaker (1:1,8-9), object of priestly access (4:16; 7:19,25; 9:14), and as ‘the living God’ (3:12; 9:14; 10:31; 12:22) — render ‘living God’ identically at every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at climactic points naming the exalted high priest by his human name (2:9; 3:1; 4:14; 6:20; 7:22; 12:2,24; 13:12,20).
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Christ in transferred OT quotations (1:10; 2:3) and exhortation (12:14; 13:6,20); honorific verb agreement (छथि-register) required consistently, including inside quoted OT ‘LORD’ passages.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masīh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used as name/title throughout Hebrews (60+ occurrences, both मसीह and ख्रीष्ट forms per established curriculum convention). Never assimilated to Ram/Krishna as awaited avatar-figures.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Speaks in Scripture (3:7; 10:15), distributed as evidence of salvation (2:4), grieved by apostasy (10:29), and named ‘the eternal Spirit’ through whom Christ offered himself (9:14) — must not be read as ‘an eternal soul/Self’ in that verse.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the sonship-discipline argument of 12:7-9 (‘the Father of spirits’).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक पुत्र
Transliteration: parameśvarak putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक अंश, देवपुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to ch.1’s superiority-over-angels argument and ch.5,7’s priesthood argument (7:3, ‘made like the Son of God’). Full phrase with native genitive -क required every occurrence; never metaphorical/adoptive sonship, never born-in-time as regional dynastic narratives portray royal sons.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकट
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological name for the event named in Heb 2:14, 10:5)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked at 2:14 (‘partook of the same things’) and 10:5 (‘a body you have prepared for me,’ quoting Psalm 40, directly linking incarnation to the atoning sacrifice). Never अवतार. Mandatory translator note required at both occurrences.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Named at 6:2 (foundational doctrine), 11:35 (‘a better resurrection’), enacted at 13:20. Never पुनर्जन्म. Must be handled jointly with 9:27’s die-once clause as the book’s strongest joint exclusion of reincarnation.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 6:9; 7:25 (‘save to the uttermost’); 9:28. Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष — Hebrews’ once-for-all argument is structurally opposed to a cycle-of-rebirth release framework. छुटकारा remains reserved for the narrower redemption sense (see redemption entry below).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Christ (1:8-9), to Melchizedek’s title ‘king of righteousness’ (7:2), and to the Habakkuk quotation at 10:38, which must match Romans 1:17’s established phrasing exactly. Never धर्म/सतीत्व.
High Priest
Approved rendering: महायाजक
Transliteration: mahāyājak
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: पंडित, पुरोहित
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
The book’s central office-title (2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1; 9:7,11,25). याजक root ties directly to the Vedic यज्ञ sacrificial complex and Mithila’s hereditary Brahmin priestly office; every occurrence must be anchored to Christ’s unique, unrepeatable, non-hereditary priesthood, or the reader hears ‘one especially senior Brahmin priest among many.’ पंडित rejected (Panjikaran-genealogy custodian role); पुरोहित rejected (hereditary household-priest caste function).
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: मलिकिसिदक
Transliteration: Malkisidak
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest / Order of Melchizedek
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
The single highest-stakes new proper name in this curriculum (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17). Mithila’s own regional foundation-narrative venerates Raja Janak, a king who is also a philosopher-sage (rajarshi) — structurally similar to Melchizedek’s ‘king of righteousness, king of peace.’ Mandatory translator/teacher note required at every occurrence: (a) real historical OT figure, not legend; (b) a type pointing to Christ, not an independent object of veneration; (c) explicitly not a parallel or precedent for a regional king-sage ideal (Janak or Ram-as-dharmaraja).
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: बलिदान
Transliteration: balidān
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञ, पूजा
Original: θυσία
Category: Atonement
The doctrinal center of the book (5:1; 7:27; 8:3; 9:9,23,26,28; 10:1-12,26; 11:4; 13:15-16). यज्ञ rejected (entire Vedic multi-deity fire-ritual complex); पूजा rejected (image/deity devotional ritual, not a life-offering). STRUCTURAL RULE: every reference to Christ’s sacrifice must co-occur, in the same sentence or immediately adjacent clause, with the once-for-all qualifier; Levitical sacrifices must carry an explicit repetition marker (बारंबार) so the contrast remains visible even to a skimming reader.
Once For All
Approved rendering: एक बेरमात्र सदा हेतु
Transliteration: ek ber mātra sadā hetu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
The single most important recurring adverbial phrase in the book (7:27; 9:12,26,28; 10:10). Must be treated as a fixed idiom, never varied for style. Must exclude any possibility of repetition, directly countering both the repeated Levitical sacrifices this passage describes and the region’s own repeated यज्ञ/पूजा ritual pattern performed across a worshiper’s lifetime. Never rendered so as to permit an ‘on that occasion’ reading.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित ढकना
Transliteration: prāyaścit ḍhaknā
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: दया का आसन
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
Occurs at 9:5. प्रायश्चित’s ordinary meaning in Maithili/Hindi religious usage is self-performed expiatory penance; mandatory translator note required distinguishing this OT object as a type of what Christ, not the worshiper, accomplishes. Flag for cross-curriculum harmonization with Romans 3:25 (same Greek word ἱλαστήριον applied to Christ himself), not currently recorded in the Romans baseline — recommend adding it there consistently with this entry before Phase 2 processes Romans 3:25.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित करब
Transliteration: prāyaścit karab
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
Occurs at 2:17 (‘to make propitiation for the sins of the people’). Same Critical concern as mercy_seat; always requires explanatory framing that this is God’s own provision performed FOR sinners, not a penance-act achieved BY them.
Perfect Perfection
Approved rendering: पूर्ण / पूर्णता
Transliteration: pūrṇa / pūrṇatā
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest / The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध, सिद्धता, सिद्धि
Original: τέλειος / τελειόω / τελείωσις
Category: Sanctification
One of the most frequent load-bearing terms in the book (2:10; 5:9,14; 6:1; 7:11,19,28; 9:9,11; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23). सिद्ध/सिद्धता/सिद्धि PERMANENTLY REJECTED in any form: names the Tantric/Yogic adept who attains supernatural power/spiritual perfection through disciplined practice, a live, prestigious category in Mithila’s active Shakta-Tantric tradition (e.g. the Ugratara shrine). Using सिद्ध would reverse Hebrews’ actual claim — perfection is given once for all, not attained by technique.
Exact Imprint
Approved rendering: तेकर स्वरूपक ठीक छाप / महिमाक चमक
Transliteration: tekar svarūpak ṭhīk chāp / mahimāk camak
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अंश
Original: χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως / ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης
Category: Christology
Occurs at 1:3 (χαρακτήρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως / ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης). अंश rejected per baseline son_of_god precedent. Must convey same-substance radiance and exact representation, not an emanated ray or partial manifestation reminiscent of Puranic divine-luster (tejas) imagery.
Die Once
Approved rendering: मानवक हेतु एक बेर मरब निर्धारित अछि
Transliteration: mānavak hetu ek ber marab nirdhārit achi
Doctrine: Universal Human Mortality and Final Judgment
Original: ἀπόκειται…ἅπαξ ἀποθανεῖν
Category: Eschatology
Occurs at 9:27. Arguably the single highest-stakes clause in the whole book for a Mithila audience: it explicitly and directly excludes the rebirth/reincarnation (punarjanma) framework central to regional Vaishnava and Shaiva belief. Must never be rendered with, or even echo, पुनर्जन्म. Mandatory translator note required at this verse specifically addressing reincarnation.
Second Coming
Approved rendering: दोसर बेर देखा पड़ब
Transliteration: dosar ber dekhā paṛab
Doctrine: The Second Coming of Christ
Original: ἐκ δευτέρου…χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας ὀφθήσεται
Category: Christology
Occurs at 9:28. Must not be worded so as to resemble a repeated देहधारण (incarnation) or a new avatar-descent (a live, celebrated pattern in regional Vaishnava expectation of a deity’s periodic return to restore dharma); this is Christ’s singular return, not a second taking-of-flesh. Cross-reference the baseline incarnation entry at this verse.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 11 gives the book’s defining exposition across dozens of OT examples via the repeated ‘by faith’ (विश्वाससँ) refrain; must not be assimilated to Ram-Sita or Shiva bhakti devotional reverence despite the surface resemblance to a bhakti-hagiography ‘roll of the faithful’ genre.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:9 (Christ tasted death ‘by the grace of God’), 4:16 (‘throne of grace’), 10:29; 12:15,28; 13:9,25.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Root for ‘holy places’ (τὰ ἅγια), ‘Most Holy Place,’ ‘holy calling’ (3:1), and ‘Holy Spirit’ throughout Hebrews.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण, संस्कार
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 9:13; 10:10,14,29; 12:14; 13:12, and the solidarity claim of 2:11. Distinct from संस्कार rites and Panjikaran lineage-purity concerns.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, सती
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 6:10; 13:24. Never संत/सती.
Adoption
Approved rendering: पुत्रत्व प्रदान
Transliteration: putratva pradān
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: गोद लेब
Original: υἱοθεσία (concept applied via υἱοί, ‘sons’)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 2:10 (‘bringing many sons to glory’) and the fatherly-discipline argument of 12:5-8. Guard against implying believers are lesser-status relative to the eternal Son, given Mithila’s strong lineage-inheritance customs.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:3 (‘radiance of the glory of God’), 2:7,9-10; 3:3; 9:5 (‘cherubim of glory’); 13:21. Avoid light-imagery conflating with Puranic divine-luster (tejas).
Called
Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in ‘holy calling’ (3:1), 9:15 (‘those who are called’), 11:8 (Abraham ‘called to go out’).
Calling
Approved rendering: बजाओल जाएब
Transliteration: bajāol jāeb
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Noun-phrase form for ‘the ones having been called’ at 9:15.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, बिआह-सम्बन्ध
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Central across chs.7-10,12-13. CRITICAL SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE (Hebrews-specific): at 9:16-17 the author exploits διαθήκη’s secondary Greek sense of ‘last will and testament,’ a legal sense वाचा cannot carry; a mandatory translator footnote is required at those two verses, or the will-takes-effect-at-death argument reads as a non-sequitur. Do not attempt a lexical fix elsewhere in the text.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: byavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4,10; 9:19,22; 10:1,8,28, including the ‘change of the law’ argument (7:12, νόμου μετάθεσις) tied to the priesthood change. Never धर्म.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout, notably the atonement argument (9:26,28; 10:2-4,12,26) and warning passages (3:13; 12:1,4).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:3 (‘the word of his power’) and 7:16 (‘power of an indestructible life’). Never शक्ति.
Priest
Approved rendering: याजक
Transliteration: yājak
Doctrine: Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: पंडित, पुरोहित
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Occurs at 5:6; 7:1-3,11,14-15,20,23; 8:4; 9:6; 10:11,21; 13:11. Same collision profile as महायाजक at lower intensity; must not collapse into पंडित or पुरोहित.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: याजकत्व
Transliteration: yājaktva
Doctrine: Levitical Priesthood / Christ as Great High Priest
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
Occurs at 7:11-12,14,24, including 7:24’s ‘unchangeable priesthood’ (ἀπαράβατον). Chapter 7’s whole argument turns on the CHANGE of priesthood (Levitical to Melchizedekian); the abstract noun must carry this change-of-order sense, not merely ‘the priest job.‘
Offering
Approved rendering: भेंट
Transliteration: bheṇṭ
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: अर्पण, चढ़ावा
Original: δῶρον / προσφορά
Category: Atonement
Used for δῶρον/προσφορά where distinct from θυσία (5:1; 8:3-4; 9:9; 10:5,8,10,14,18; 11:4). अर्पण/चढ़ावा used cautiously only, since they are standard Hindu ritual-offering vocabulary for presentations to a deity/idol; prefer बलिदान for consistency in ambiguous contexts.
Blood
Approved rendering: रक्त
Transliteration: rakt
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: खून
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
Occurs at 9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:4,19,29; 11:28; 12:24; 13:11-12,20. रक्त (Sanskrit tatsama) required in formal doctrinal register, consistent with अनुग्रह/धार्मिकता register; रगत permitted only in narrative/oral-reading contexts, never in formal doctrinal statements. ‘Blood of the covenant’ (वाचाक रक्त, 9:20; 13:20) must be rendered identically at every recurrence and cross-checked against the Gospels’ Last Supper accounts already in the wider curriculum.
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेक
Transliteration: vivek
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Rejected alternatives: अंतःकरण
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
Central to 9:9,14’s contrast between external (flesh) and internal (conscience) cleansing; also 10:2,22; 13:18. अंतःकरण rejected: technical Vedantic/Samkhya fourfold inner-faculty term, importing a rival psychological-metaphysical system. Reviewers must confirm विवेक is heard as the moral guilt-bearing faculty, not merely ‘good judgment.‘
Conscience Cleansing
Approved rendering: विवेकक शुद्धिकरण
Transliteration: vivekak śuddhikaraṇ
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Original: καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν
Category: Atonement
The decisive contrast-clause of 9:13-14. Requires विवेक (conscience) and शुद्ध (external ceremonial purity, 9:13) to be sharply distinguished within the same passage so the contrast is not flattened into a single undifferentiated ‘cleansing.‘
Most Holy Place
Approved rendering: परम पवित्र स्थान
Transliteration: param pavitra sthān
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: गर्भगृह
Original: Ἅγια Ἁγίων
Category: Access to God
Occurs at 9:3,7-8,12,25; 10:19. गर्भगृह rejected: names the specific innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple, permanently restricted rather than definitively opened. Hebrews’ whole argument is that Christ permanently opened what was once permanently restricted; require this term to always co-occur, within the same discourse unit, with ‘opened/access’ language (नव आ जीवित बाट, 10:20) so the crucial reversal is not left to reader inference.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: madhyasth
Doctrine: New Covenant versus Old
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 8:6; 9:15; 12:24. Built on baseline मध्यस्थता (intercession). Must be marked exclusive and singular — a claim that directly displaces the functional role Maithil Brahmin priests/pandits and family-deity intermediaries occupy in ordinary Mithila religious practice.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: नया वाचा
Transliteration: nayā vācā
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24. Built on baseline वाचा; see covenant entry’s supplementary note on the will/testament wordplay at 9:16-17.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chuṭkārā
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: λύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Occurs at 9:12,15 (‘eternal redemption’). Baseline already permits छुटकारा for ‘salvation’ in specific rescue-narrative contexts (Romans TM notes); Hebrews 9 is exactly such a context. Keep distinct from the broader उद्धार.
Eternal
Approved rendering: अनन्त
Transliteration: anant
Doctrine: Cross-doctrinal (Once-for-All Sacrifice, New Covenant, Assurance, Judgment)
Rejected alternatives: सनातन
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
High-frequency qualifier (5:9 ‘eternal salvation’; 6:2 ‘eternal judgment’; 9:12,14-15 ‘eternal redemption/Spirit/inheritance’; 13:8,20 ‘eternal covenant’). सनातन PERMANENTLY REJECTED throughout: functions as a self-designation of Hinduism itself (‘Sanatan Dharma’) and would falsely equate Christ’s eternality with that religious framework.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: मृत कर्म
Transliteration: mṛt karma
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Atonement
Occurs at 6:1; 9:14. कर्म is the load-bearing term of Hindu karma-doctrine (merit/demerit determining rebirth); ‘मृत कर्म’ is a genuinely useful subversive phrase but requires a note clarifying it names specifically OT ritual acts/works offered as a means of standing before God, not a blanket claim that all human action is meaningless.
Altar
Approved rendering: वेदी
Transliteration: vedī
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Atonement
Occurs at 13:10. Standard, established Bible-translation term (retained; no viable substitute), but simultaneously the precise ordinary Maithili/Hindi term for a Vedic ritual fire-altar (havan-vedi) at which a Brahmin priest presides. Mandatory contextual framing required distinguishing the once-for-all altar of Christ’s cross from a repeatable havan-vedi ritual; must not be translated in isolation from its once-for-all frame in chs.9-10.
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: छावनि/फाटकसँ बाहर
Transliteration: chāvani/phāṭaksã bāhar
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: पतित होएब (rejected as description)
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς / ἔξω τῆς πύλης
Category: Atonement
Occurs at 13:11-13. Double-edged: powerfully illustrates Christ’s voluntary identification with the socially excluded, especially relevant where caste-based social exclusion remains a lived reality, but must not be misheard as implying Christ was himself ritually impure/outcaste in a stigmatizing sense; requires careful framing in teaching notes, not only in the translated text itself.
Genealogy
Approved rendering: वंशावली
Transliteration: vanśāvalī
Doctrine: Genealogical (Non-)Qualification of the Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: गोत्र
Original: ἀγενεαλόγητος / γενεαλογία
Category: Priesthood
Occurs at 7:3,6. गोत्र rejected: exact Panjikaran caste-lineage-verification term; would import genealogical-purity anxiety foreign to, and inverted from, the point being made. Melchizedek’s priesthood is validated by NOT having a verifiable lineage record — a startling claim for a Panjikaran-conscious reader, requiring explanation, not merely translation.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: उत्तराधिकार
Transliteration: uttarādhikār
Doctrine: New Covenant versus Old / Adoption
Rejected alternatives: मीरास, विरासत
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 1:14; 6:12,17; 9:15; 11:7-8. Resonant with strong regional lineage-inheritance customs, but must clarify this is a heavenly grant received by faith, not earthly, Panjikaran-verified property-succession — a live source of family disputes in Mithila.
Boldness
Approved rendering: निडरता
Transliteration: niḍartā
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Access to God
Occurs at 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35. Central to the whole ‘Access to God’ doctrine; a weak rendering (‘politely,’ ‘respectfully’) would understate the radical directness Hebrews claims. Must be paired with explicit access-language (नजदीक जाएब, ‘to draw near’) so the legal/relational ‘right of entry’ sense is not flattened into a personality trait.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रहक सिंहासन
Transliteration: anugrahak siṅhāsan
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Access to God
Occurs at 4:16. Built on baseline अनुग्रह; must not be softened into a throne approached only through a human priestly/pandit intermediary.
New Living Way
Approved rendering: नव आ जीवित बाट
Transliteration: nav ā jīvit bāṭ
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ὁδὸς πρόσφατος καὶ ζῶσα
Category: Access to God
Occurs at 10:20. The positive counterpart to the torn veil; central ‘Access to God’ doctrine text.
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
Occurs at 1:6, one of ch.1’s strongest deity-of-Christ claims (all God’s angels commanded to worship the Son). पूजा rejected: specific Hindu image/idol ritual-worship vocabulary; would collapse the unique worship due the divine Son into the same category as puja offered to Ram, Krishna, Shiva, or Durga. Anchor to the specific divine object (the Son) to avoid drift toward generic bhakti-singing (kirtan) connotations.
Sit Down
Approved rendering: बैसि गेला
Transliteration: baisi gelā
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: κάθισεν / ἐκάθισεν
Category: Christology
Occurs at 1:3; 8:1; 10:12; 12:2. Christ’s posture of sitting after his priestly work signifies completed, finished ministry, contrasted with the standing, never-finished Levitical service (10:11-12). Preserve literally, do not paraphrase away.
Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय
Transliteration: nyāy
Doctrine: Universal Human Mortality and Final Judgment
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
Occurs at 9:27 (‘after that comes judgment’) and 6:2 (‘eternal judgment’). The ‘one death, one judgment’ logical sequence must be retained, since this is the clause’s entire force against a karma-and-rebirth-accounting model.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: विश्वाससँ भटकब
Transliteration: biswassã bhaṭakab
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: धर्मत्याग, पतित होएब
Original: παραπίπτω / ἀποστῆναι
Category: Apostasy
Occurs at 3:12; 6:6; 10:26,29,39. धर्मत्याग rejected (contains forbidden धर्म); पतित होएब rejected (caste/outcaste stigma connotations). Use this fixed descriptive verb-phrase consistently across all four warning passages, describing definitive, post-enlightenment turning away, distinct from momentary doubt.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: अविश्वास
Transliteration: aviśvās
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Faith
Occurs at 3:12,19; 4:6,11. Direct antonym-pairing with baseline विश्वास; keep transparent throughout Hebrews’ warning passages, since the book’s warning-and-assurance structure turns on this contrast.
Faiths Assurance
Approved rendering: निश्चय
Transliteration: niścay
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὑπόστασις (in πίστεως…ὑπόστασις, 11:1)
Category: Faith
Occurs at 11:1, the book’s definitional clause of faith (ὑπόστασις). Must not be rendered so as to suggest faith is a vague hopeful feeling, which could be assimilated to generic bhakti-devotional sentiment — the same confusion the baseline faith entry already warns against for Romans.
Full Assurance Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासक पूर्ण निश्चय
Transliteration: biswasak pūrṇa niścay
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood / Perseverance and Assurance
Original: πληροφορία πίστεως
Category: Faith
Occurs at 10:22. Built on baseline विश्वास + पूर्ण/निश्चय.
Discipline
Approved rendering: अनुशासन
Transliteration: anuśāsan
Doctrine: Divine Discipline as Fatherly Formation
Rejected alternatives: ताड़ना, प्रारब्ध, भाग्य, कर्मफल
Original: παιδεία
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at 12:5-11. Must be framed as loving, purposeful fatherly formation flowing from baseline पिता/पुत्रत्व प्रदान, sharply distinguished from karmic retribution (the automatic, impersonal working-out of past-life sin, a live interpretive frame in everyday Maithili religious thought).
Ministering Spirits
Approved rendering: सेवा करनिहार आत्मासभ
Transliteration: sevā karanihār ātmā sabh
Doctrine: The Nature and Subordinate Role of Angels
Original: λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα
Category: Angelology
Occurs at 1:14. Must be anchored clearly as created angelic beings in God’s service, not conflated with the populated folk category of ancestral spirits and village spirits (भूत-प्रेत, ग्राम-देवता) active in Maithili folk religion.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक वचन
Transliteration: parameśvarak vacan
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and God’s Living Word
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Scripture
Occurs at 4:12 (‘living and active’). Must convey personal, active divine agency, not merely ‘the text is important’; distinguish God-breathed Scripture from the devotional authority Mithila grants to Vidyapati’s poetry and the Ramayana/Puranic narrative tradition.
Learned Obedience
Approved rendering: दुःख सहितहुँ आज्ञाकारिता सिखलनि
Transliteration: duḥkh sahitahũ ājñākāritā sikhalani
Doctrine: Incarnation and the True Humanity of Christ / Christ as the Great High Priest
Occurs at 5:8 (‘though he was a Son, he learned obedience through what he suffered’). Must not be read as implying imperfection needing correction; this is growth in real, tested, experiential obedience appropriate to true humanity, integral to Christ’s qualification as high priest, not moral improvement from a flawed state.
Indestructible Life
Approved rendering: अविनाशी जीवन
Transliteration: avināśī jīvan
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest / Resurrection of Christ
Occurs at 7:16 (‘the power of an indestructible life’). Grounds Christ’s priesthood not in genealogical succession but in his own unending, resurrection life; connects directly to baseline पुनरुत्थान.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 3:1 uniquely combines this title with ‘high priest’ (‘apostle and high priest of our confession’) — a combination with no analogue in Maithil religious structure, where the sent-messenger and hereditary-priest roles are never united in one person; requires explicit translator note at 3:1.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: सिफारिश
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 7:25, Christ ‘always lives to make intercession.’ Root for new person-noun ‘mediator’ (मध्यस्थ), see below.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 8:8,10 (Jeremiah’s new-covenant promise) and 11:22.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, मठ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:12 (‘in the midst of the congregation’) and 12:23 (‘assembly of the firstborn’). Never मन्दिर/मठ.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 12:28’s ‘receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken.’ Distinguish from Mithila’s own historic identity as the ancient kingdom of Raja Janak, which did not endure unshaken.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Melchizedek’s title ‘king of peace’ (7:2), 12:14, 13:20. Distinguish from Sita-Ram household domestic-harmony associations.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: निवास-तम्बू
Transliteration: nivās-tambū
Doctrine: New Covenant versus Old
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर
Original: σκηνή
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 11:9; 13:10. Never मंदिर (Hindu temple), per baseline church-entry precedent. Must distinguish the earthly copy from the ‘greater tabernacle not made with hands’ (9:11) as a category-difference, not merely ‘a finer building.‘
Holy Place
Approved rendering: पवित्र स्थान
Transliteration: pavitra sthān
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια
Category: Access to God
Occurs at 9:2,6,8,12,24-25; 13:11. Built on baseline पवित्र.
Veil
Approved rendering: परदा
Transliteration: pardā
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Access to God
Occurs at 6:19; 9:3; 10:20. 10:20’s identification of the veil with Christ’s own flesh (‘through the veil, that is, his flesh’) is a subtle apposition requiring a translator note so it is not lost or garbled.
Ark Of Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचाक सन्दूक
Transliteration: vācāk sandūk
Doctrine: New Covenant versus Old
Original: κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 9:4. Built on baseline वाचा.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: स्तुतिक बलिदान
Transliteration: stutik balidān
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice (closing exhortation)
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Atonement
Occurs at 13:15. Must be clearly marked as a different, metaphorical sense of ‘sacrifice’ from the atoning बलिदान of chs.9-10, to avoid implying ongoing atoning sacrifice is still needed.
Tribe
Approved rendering: वंश
Transliteration: vanś
Doctrine: Genealogical (Non-)Qualification of the Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: गोत्र
Original: φυλή
Category: Priesthood
Occurs at 7:13-14. Same गोत्र-avoidance rationale as genealogy; consistent with baseline’s दाऊदक वंशसँ (seed of David) construction.
Oath
Approved rendering: शपथ
Transliteration: śapath
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 6:16-17; 7:20-21,28. God’s oath grounds assurance alongside his promise.
Surety
Approved rendering: प्रतिभू
Transliteration: pratibhū
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 7:22. Christ personally guarantees the new covenant.
Shadow Type
Approved rendering: छाया / प्रतिरूप
Transliteration: chāyā / pratirūp
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: σκιά / ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπος
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 8:5; 9:9,23-24; 10:1. Requires the type/antitype (foreshadow/fulfillment) concept explained explicitly, since Hindu ritual theology typically holds the ritual itself, not a ‘greater heavenly original,’ to be efficacious — this typological reasoning has no ready analogue.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: पहिलौठा
Transliteration: pahilauṭhā
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels / Church as God’s People
Original: πρωτότοκος
Category: Christology
Occurs at 1:6; 11:28; 12:23. Keep consistent across singular (Christ) and corporate (church, ‘assembly of the firstborn’) uses.
Forerunner
Approved rendering: अग्रदूत
Transliteration: agradūt
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: πρόδρομος
Category: Christology
Occurs at 6:20. Christ has entered heaven ahead of believers, securing their own future entrance.
Rest
Approved rendering: विश्राम
Transliteration: viśrām
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Perseverance
Occurs at 3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,8-11. Must be developed as relational, covenantal rest with God entered by faith — not ordinary weekly rest, and not assimilated to a Hindu moksha/nirvana-style cessation of individual existence.
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: शब्बत विश्राम
Transliteration: śabbat viśrām
Doctrine: The Promised Rest of God
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Perseverance
Occurs at 4:9. Requires explanation at first occurrence that this is not weekly Jewish Sabbath observance but its ultimate eschatological fulfillment.
Endurance
Approved rendering: धीरज
Transliteration: dhīraj
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Occurs at 10:36; 12:1,7.
Hope
Approved rendering: आशा
Transliteration: āśā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
Occurs at 3:6; 6:11,18-19; 7:19; 10:23; 11:1. Confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not generic optimism.
Confession
Approved rendering: अंगीकार
Transliteration: aṅgīkār
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest / Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
Occurs at 3:1; 4:14; 10:23 — the same Greek word (ὁμολογία) in all three places; keep rendering consistent across all three.
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: गवाहक बादर
Transliteration: gavāhak bādar
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Faith
Occurs at 12:1. Clarify these are witnesses to the reality of faith’s reward, not ancestor-spirits actively watching/intervening, given strong ancestor-veneration currents in regional folk religion.
Strangers And Pilgrims
Approved rendering: परदेशी आ यात्री
Transliteration: paradeśī ā yātrī
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Faith
Occurs at 11:9,13. A positive, resonant bridge image given the honored regional category of pilgrimage (यात्रा, e.g. to Janakpur), provided it is anchored to a specifically heavenly, not another earthly, destination.
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: भस्म करनिहार आगि
Transliteration: bhasm karanihār āgi
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: God
Occurs at 12:29 (Deut 4:24 quotation). Note resonance with, but distinction from, Agni’s ritual role as divine mediator/witness in Vedic yajna; here fire describes God’s own consuming holiness directly, not a ritual medium of offering.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: न डोलनिहार परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: na ḍolanihār parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom of God
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Kingdom
Occurs at 12:26-28. Built on baseline परमेश्वरक राज्य; political-kingdom sensitivity flagged in the baseline applies with added force given the contrast to Mithila’s own historic Janak-kingdom, which (like all earthly kingdoms) did not endure unshaken.
Angels
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: svargadūt
Doctrine: The Nature and Subordinate Role of Angels
Rejected alternatives: देवदूत
Original: ἄγγελος / ἄγγελοι
Category: Angelology
Occurs at 1:4-14; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2. देवदूत rejected: the देव- prefix risks classing angels within the same semantic category as Hindu deities/demigods (देवता).
Minister
Approved rendering: सेवक
Transliteration: sevak
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels / Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: λειτουργός
Category: Angelology
Occurs at 1:7,14; 8:2. Also used of Moses’ subordinate status (θεράπων, 3:5) in the Moses-comparison argument.
Serve
Approved rendering: सेवा करब
Transliteration: sevā karab
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Sanctification
Occurs at 9:14; 12:28; 13:10. Cultic-service vocabulary extended to the whole of the believer’s life.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 4:7 (Psalm quotation) and 11:32.
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1 (‘God spoke…by the prophets’) and 11:32.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the Jeremiah quotation at 8:8-12 establishing the new covenant on prophetic authority.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 3:13; 10:25; 13:22.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία (root sense)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Root sense underlies 13:15’s ‘sacrifice of praise’ compound (see स्तुतिक बलिदान below).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सङ्गति
Transliteration: saṅgati
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता, समाज
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 13:16 (‘to share what you have’).
Tithe
Approved rendering: दशांश
Transliteration: daśāṅś
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: δεκάτη
Category: Covenant
Occurs at 7:2,4-9. Abraham’s tithe to Melchizedek, proof of Melchizedek’s (and so Christ’s) superiority even to the patriarch.
Great Shepherd
Approved rendering: भेड़ाक महान चरवाहा
Transliteration: bheṛāk mahān charvāhā
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ (closing benediction)
Original: ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας
Category: Christology
Occurs at 13:20. Pastoral image somewhat culturally distant in Mithila’s predominantly agrarian rice-farming economy, but remains intelligible; no doctrinal risk, only a minor vividness note.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: अतिथि-सत्कार
Transliteration: atithi-satkār
Doctrine: Hospitality and Practical Christian Ethics
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
Occurs at 13:2. A resonant, positive cultural bridge term (cf. अतिथि देवो भव); ensure it is not taken to imply literal veneration of the guest, only exceptional honor and care.
Referenced passages