Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Corinthians — Maithili Destination Language
How to Use This Document
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md for the full book of 2 Corinthians. It is organized in two parts:
- Part A — Reused Baseline Terms: terms already fixed in the Romans
translation_memory.jsonthat recur in 2 Corinthians. These renderings are non-negotiable and must be used exactly as recorded in the baseline; no new alternatives may be introduced. - Part B — New Terms Introduced for 2 Corinthians: terms not present in the Romans baseline, required by this curriculum’s doctrines (Reconciliation with God, New Creation in Christ, Suffering and Comfort in Ministry, The New Covenant versus the Old, Sincerity and Apostolic Authority, Generosity and Grace in Giving, Power in Weakness, Genuine versus False Apostleship). These are proposed for addition to translation memory at version increment.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).
Part A — Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in 2 Corinthians
| Term | Maithili | Risk (baseline) | Key 2 Corinthians References | Notes on 2 Corinthians Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | 1:1-3; 4:4 (contrast); 5:18-21; 13:14 | Reused exactly; ch. 4:4’s ironic “god of this age” deliberately uses a different word (ईश्वर) to preserve परमेश्वर’s exclusivity — see Part B |
| Jesus | यीशु | Critical | throughout | Reused exactly |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical | 1:2-3; 4:5; 5:11; 8:9; 10:17-18; 13:14 | Reused exactly; honorific verb agreement rule applies |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1:22; 3:6,8,17-18; 5:5; 13:14 | Reused exactly; ch. 3:6,17’s bare πνεῦμα rendered with the same referent understanding |
| Father | पिता | Critical | 1:3 (“Father of mercies”) | Reused exactly |
| gospel | सुसमाचार | High | 2:12; 4:3-4; 9:13; 11:4,7 | Reused exactly |
| grace | अनुग्रह | High | 1:2,12; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,4,6,7,9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 | Reused exactly; ch. 8-9’s “grace of giving” usage requires the mandatory generosity/merit distinction note (see Part B: generosity, cheerful_giver) |
| faith | विश्वास | High | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5 | Reused exactly |
| righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | 3:9; 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 | Reused exactly; never धर्म or सतीत्व |
| salvation | उद्धार | Critical | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 | Reused exactly; never मुक्ति or मोक्ष |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 4:14; 5:15 | Reused exactly; never पुनर्जन्म |
| sin | पाप | High | 5:19,21; 11:7 | Reused exactly; distinct from new term अपराध (trespass, παράπτωμα) |
| glory | महिमा | High | 3:7-11,18; 4:4,6,17 | Reused exactly |
| covenant | वाचा | High | 3:6,14 | Reused exactly; base for new_covenant compound (Part B) |
| law | व्यवस्था | High | 3:6-15 (implicit, old covenant) | Reused exactly; contrast term for new covenant discussion |
| apostle | प्रेरित | Medium | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 | Reused exactly; base for false_apostles, super_apostles, sign_of_true_apostle (Part B) |
| church | मण्डली | Medium | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 | Reused exactly; must not be confused with ch. 6:16’s temple_of_god metaphor (Part B) |
| saints | पवित्र जन | High | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12-13 | Reused exactly |
| holy | पवित्र | High | throughout; 7:1; 13:12 | Reused exactly |
| power of God | परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य / सामर्थ्य | High | 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4 | Reused exactly; never शक्ति |
| spiritual gifts | आत्मिक वरदान | Medium | (implicit backdrop to ch. 8-9 giving discussion, distinct from δωρεά in 9:15) | Reused exactly; kept distinct from new term indescribable_gift (Part B) |
| fellowship | सङ्गति | Low | 6:14; 8:4; 9:13; 13:14 | Reused exactly |
| thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15 | Reused exactly |
| exhort | उत्साहित करब / विनती | Low | 1:4; 2:8; 5:20; 6:1; 10:1 | Reused exactly; context-sensitive per baseline rule — 5:20 uses the entreaty (विनती) sense |
| imputed_righteousness (root) | आरोपित (root) | Critical | 5:19 | Root reused for new compound imputation_of_trespasses (Part B) |
Part B — New Terms Introduced for 2 Corinthians
| # | Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reconciliation | καταλλαγή | katallagē | मेल-मिलाप | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-19 | प्रायश्चित (ritual atonement/expiation performed by a devotee), सुलह (negotiated settlement between equals) | God is the sole agent reconciling hostile sinners to himself; must not read as mutual negotiation or human-initiated appeasement |
| 2 | To reconcile | καταλλάσσω | katallassō | मेल कराएब | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:18-20 | मनाएब (merely “persuade/placate”) | Verb form of #1; God/Christ as grammatical subject in all key occurrences |
| 3 | New creation | καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | नव सृष्टि | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5:17 | पुनर्जन्म (rebirth — FORBIDDEN, reincarnation), नव अवतार (avoids अवतार per baseline incarnation rule) | A believer in Christ is a genuinely new act of God’s creative power, not a repeatable cycle-stage |
| 4 | New covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | नयका वाचा | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | नई वाचा (Hindi-transplant adjective, rejected for native नयका per grammar standard) | Builds on baseline वाचा; must be paired with explicit contrast to व्यवस्था (the old/Mosaic covenant) |
| 5 | Letter (of the law) | γράμμα | gramma | अक्षर | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | शब्द (too generic) | Contrast with Spirit’s inward work; not disparagement of Scripture itself |
| 6 | Veil | κάλυμμα | kalymma | परदा | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:13-16 | घूंघट (explicitly avoided — regional daughter-in-law veiling custom) | Mandatory translator note distinguishing spiritual/perceptual veil from domestic modesty veiling custom |
| 7 | Transformed / transfiguration | μεταμορφόω | metamorphoō | रूपान्तरण | High | New Creation in Christ | 3:18 | रूप बदलब (too close to Puranic shape-changing feats) | Gradual, Spirit-wrought moral transformation into Christ’s likeness, not a magical shape-change event |
| 8 | Image (of God/Christ) | εἰκών | eikōn | स्वरूप | Critical | Deity of Christ (extended); New Creation in Christ | 3:18; 4:4 | प्रतिमा (FORBIDDEN — denotes a Hindu temple idol-statue/mūrti) | Never प्रतिमा under any circumstance; this is the single highest idol-collision risk term in the book |
| 9 | Ministry / service | διακονία | diakonia | सेवकाई | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry; Christ-Centered Ministry (baseline doctrine name reused) | 3:7-9; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3-4; 11:8,23 | सेवा (too generic, loses the sense of a divinely entrusted office/task) | High-frequency term across the whole book; consistent rendering essential across all compound phrases (मेल-मिलापक सेवकाई, मृत्युक सेवकाई, धार्मिकताक सेवकाई) |
| 10 | Boldness / frankness of speech | παρρησία | parrēsia | निडरता | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:12; 7:4 | दुस्साहस (implies recklessness, too negative) | Confident, open manner of ministry |
| 11 | Sincerity | εἰλικρίνεια | eilikrineia | निष्कपटता | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12; 2:17 | ईमानदारी (too generic/commercial), पवित्रता (overlaps with holiness, loses the specific “without hidden motive” sense) | Core term for the sincerity doctrine; contrasted throughout with the false apostles’ hidden motives |
| 12 | False apostle(s) | ψευδαπόστολος | pseudapostolos | झूठा प्रेरित | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | नकली प्रेरित (acceptable synonym, but झूठा preferred for consistency with baseline झूठ-based forbidden/rejected term patterns) | Builds on baseline प्रेरित; unambiguous rejection of these figures’ claimed authority |
| 13 | Super-apostles (ironic) | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι | hyperlian apostoloi | अति-श्रेष्ठ प्रेरित | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:5; 12:11 | महाप्रेरित (loses ironic tone) | Paul’s sarcasm toward self-exalting rivals must be preserved in context/footnote, not read as a genuine honorific |
| 14 | Satan | Σατανᾶς | Satanas | शैतान | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship; spiritual conflict | 2:11; 11:14; 12:7 | (standard transliteration; no viable native alternative) | Established cross-tradition transliteration |
| 15 | Angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός | angelos phōtos | ज्योतिर्मय स्वर्गदूत | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:14 | देवदूत अकेला (loses “of light” nuance) | Must be marked as a deceptive disguise, not genuine luminous holiness |
| 16 | God of this age | ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | ho theos tou aiōnos toutou | एहि संसारक ईश्वर | Critical | Deity of Christ (by contrast); spiritual conflict | 4:4 | एहि संसारक परमेश्वर (FORBIDDEN — would apply the exclusive term for the true God to Satan) | Deliberately reuses ईश्वर (rejected in baseline for the true God) to mark Satan as a false, usurping object of worship; mandatory translator note required every occurrence |
| 17 | Treasure in jars of clay | θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | thēsauros en ostrakinois skeuesin | माटीक भाँड़मे खजाना | Medium | Power in Weakness | 4:7 | — | Natural domestic/agrarian image, low collision risk |
| 18 | Thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | skolops tē sarki | शरीरमे काँटा | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12:7 | — | Must read as purposeful (God-permitted for humility), not fatalistic suffering or unexplained bad karma (प्रारब्ध, per baseline providence rule) |
| 19 | Weakness | ἀσθένεια | astheneia | दुर्बलता | High | Power in Weakness | 11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4 | कमजोरी (acceptable colloquial synonym; दुर्बलता preferred for formal register consistency) | Must not carry a shame connotation Paul’s argument explicitly reverses |
| 20 | Boasting (negative) | καυχάομαι / καύχησις | kauchaomai / kauchēsis | घमण्ड करब | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship; Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 10:12-18; 11:16-30 | — | Context-sensitive, see #21 |
| 21 | Boasting in the Lord (legitimate) | καυχάομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ | kauchaomai en Kyriō | प्रभुमे गौरव करब | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:17-18; 12:9 | गौरव करब alone (must retain “in the Lord” to avoid self-boast reading) | All legitimate boasting locates credit in Christ alone, never self |
| 22 | Godly sorrow | λύπη κατὰ θεόν | lypē kata theon | परमेश्वरक अनुसार शोक | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 7:9-10 | — | Distinguish from both stoic non-attachment and merit-earning penance |
| 23 | Repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | पश्चाताप | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 7:9-10 | प्रायश्चित (ritual penance, rejected) | Inward turning toward God, not ritual act |
| 24 | Generosity | ἁπλότης | haplotēs | उदारता | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:2; 9:11,13 | दान (too strongly tied to merit-earning almsgiving/दान-पुण्य) | Must be presented as a grace-produced response, never a merit-generating religious duty |
| 25 | Cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸς δότης | hilaros dotēs | उल्लासपूर्ण दाता | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | पुण्यात्मा दाता (merit-laden, rejected) | Joyful, willing giving from grace, not obligation or merit |
| 26 | Equality / fairness | ἰσότης | isotēs | समानता | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | — | Straightforward |
| 27 | Christ’s voluntary poverty (“rich yet became poor”) | πλούσιος ὢν ἐπτώχευσεν | plousios ōn eptōcheusen | धनी रहितहुँ दरिद्र भेलाह | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving; Incarnation (baseline connection) | 8:9 | — | Must connect to baseline देहधारण; not an avatar-descent narrative nor a literal economics case study |
| 28 | Unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω | heterozygeō | अलग जुआमे जोताएब | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority (holy living) | 6:14 | — | Natural agrarian yoke-image; ensure applied meaning (allegiance/partnership) retained |
| 29 | Belial | Βελίαρ | Beliar | बेलियाल | Low | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 6:15 | — | Transliterated proper noun for Satan |
| 30 | Temple of God (indwelling metaphor) | ναὸς θεοῦ | naos theou | परमेश्वरक मन्दिर | High | Church as God’s People (baseline connection); Sincerity | 6:16 | — | Deliberately reuses मन्दिर (rejected in baseline only for “church”); mandatory note distinguishing from both मण्डली and a literal Hindu temple |
| 31 | Ambassador | πρεσβεύω / πρεσβευτής | presbeuō / presbeutēs | राजदूत | High | Reconciliation with God | 5:20 | दूत alone (too generic; used only as base component elsewhere) | Authorized royal envoy of Christ the King |
| 32 | Imputation / not counting trespasses | λογίζομαι (negated) | logizomai | आरोपित करब (negated: आरोपित नहि कएलनि) | Critical | Reconciliation with God; Justification (baseline connection) | 5:19 | क्षमा करब alone (loses the forensic-accounting sense) | Shares root with baseline imputed_righteousness; forensic sense must be preserved |
| 33 | Trespass | παράπτωμα | paraptōma | अपराध | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | पाप (reserved for ἁμαρτία, baseline term) | Kept distinct from the broader baseline “sin” term |
| 34 | ”Made him to be sin” | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν | hamartian epoiēsen | पाप बनाओल गेलनि | Critical | Reconciliation with God; substitutionary atonement | 5:21 | पापी बनाओल (wrongly implies Christ became morally sinful in nature) | Highest-sensitivity rendering in the book; mandatory translator note on forensic/representative sense required every occurrence |
| 35 | Fear of the Lord | φόβος τοῦ κυρίου | phobos tou kyriou | प्रभुक भय | Medium | Reconciliation with God (motive); assurance | 5:11; 7:1 | भूत-प्रेतक भय (folk-superstitious fear, rejected) | Reverential awe, not superstitious dread |
| 36 | Word of reconciliation | λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | logos tēs katallagēs | मेल-मिलापक वचन | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | — | Compound of #1 + established वचन (word) usage |
| 37 | Judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | bēma tou Christou | ख्रीष्टक न्याय-आसन | High | Assurance of Salvation (baseline connection); accountability | 5:10 | कर्मक फल (karma-fruit judgment, FORBIDDEN-adjacent) | Must be distinguished from Yamaraj’s karmic judgment court/Chitragupta’s ledger; evaluates works/reward for the already-reconciled, not salvation itself |
| 38 | Comfort | παράκλησις | paraklēsis | सान्त्वना | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:3-7; 7:6-7,13 | धीरज (endurance, too passive/stoic) | Active divine comfort from a personal God, not stoic resignation |
| 39 | Affliction / suffering | θλῖψις | thlipsis | क्लेश | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1:4,8; 4:17; 6:4; 8:2 | तप (self-imposed ascetic austerity, rejected) | Suffering endured for the gospel’s sake, not self-chosen austerity |
| 40 | Seal (of the Spirit) | σφραγίζω | sphragizō | मुहर लगाएब | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 1:22 | — | Mark of divine ownership and authentication |
| 41 | Guarantee / down payment (of the Spirit) | ἀρραβών | arrabōn | बयाना | High | Assurance of Salvation; Adoption (baseline connection) | 1:22; 5:5 | अग्रिम (less vivid/familiar than बयाना) | Vivid commercial/agrarian idiom; requires note that the Spirit himself, not a lesser token, is the guarantee of a certain inheritance |
| 42 | Triumphal procession | θριαμβεύω | thriambeuō | विजय-जुलूस | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship; Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2:14 | — | Requires explanatory note on the unfamiliar Roman triumph-parade custom |
| 43 | Fragrance / aroma | ὀσμή | osmē | सुगंध | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 2:15-16 | धूप (ritual incense offering, avoid direct equivalence) | Metaphor for gospel’s effect, not a ritual fragrance offering |
| 44 | Peddlers of God’s word | καπηλεύω τὸν λόγον | kapēleuō ton logon | परमेश्वरक वचनक व्यापार करनिहार | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2:17 | — | Direct relevance to regional concern about religious commercialization (paid pandit rites, guru-business models) |
| 45 | Freedom / liberty | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | स्वतंत्रता | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:17 | मोक्ष (FORBIDDEN — reincarnation-liberation concept) | Freedom of access to behold God’s glory, not liberation from a rebirth cycle |
| 46 | Inner / outer man | ἔσω / ἔξω ἄνθρωπος | esō / exō anthrōpos | भितरका मनुष्य / बाहरका मनुष्य | Low | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:16 | — | Straightforward |
| 47 | Eternal weight of glory | αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | aiōnion baros doxēs | अनन्त महिमाक बोझ | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 4:17 | — | Reuses baseline महिमा |
| 48 | Tent / earthly dwelling | σκῆνος / ἐπίγειος οἰκία | skēnos / epigeios oikia | डेरा | Low | New Creation in Christ (bodily hope) | 5:1-4 | — | Straightforward |
| 49 | Groan | στενάζω | stenazō | कराहब | Low | New Creation in Christ (bodily hope) | 5:2,4 | — | Straightforward |
| 50 | Sign of a true apostle | σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου | sēmeia tou apostolou | सच्चा प्रेरितक चिन्ह | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 12:12 | — | Builds on baseline प्रेरित |
| 51 | Examine yourselves | ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε | heautous peirazete | अपनाकेँ परखू | Medium | Assurance of Salvation; Christian Identity in Christ | 13:5 | — | Genuine union with Christ, not mere religious affiliation |
| 52 | Disqualified | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | अयोग्य | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 13:5-7 | — | Straightforward |
| 53 | Restore / restoration | καταρτίζω / κατάρτισις | katartizō / katartisis | पूर्ण करब / सुधारब | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 13:9,11 | — | Straightforward |
| 54 | Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | पवित्र चुम्बन | Medium | Christian Fellowship (baseline connection) | 13:12 | — | Culturally-conditioned greeting; requires note re: local greeting-custom substitution in application, not in the literal text |
| 55 | Craftiness / cunning (serpent’s) | πανουργία | panourgia | चालाकी | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:3 | — | Must not be conflated with regionally revered folk-nāga (serpent deity) imagery |
| 56 | Stronghold | ὀχύρωμα | ochyrōma | गढ़ | Low | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 10:4 | — | Straightforward |
| 57 | Commend oneself | συνιστάνω ἑαυτόν | synistanō heauton | अपनाकेँ प्रमाणित करब | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship; Sincerity | 3:1; 5:12; 10:12,18 | — | Contrast posture with rival teachers’ self-promotion |
| 58 | Sufficiency / competence | ἱκανότης / ἱκανός | hikanotēs / hikanos | योग्यता | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2:16; 3:5-6 | — | God-given competence for ministry, not self-generated qualification |
| 59 | Indescribable gift | ἀνεκδιήγητος δωρεά | anekdiēgētos dōrea | अवर्णनीय उपहार | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:15 | — | Uses उपहार (ordinary gift), kept distinct from baseline आत्मिक वरदान |
Risk Summary (Part B New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian (every occurrence) |
| High | 17 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 28 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 6 | Automated review |
| Total new terms | 59 |
Cross-Cutting Notes for Phase 2
- Idol-image collision (Critical): स्वरूप (image, #8) must never be rendered प्रतिमा anywhere in this curriculum — this is the single highest-stakes new-term risk in 2 Corinthians, on par with the baseline’s देहधारण/अवतार distinction.
- Karma/judgment collision (High): ख्रीष्टक न्याय-आसन (judgment seat of Christ, #37) requires the same class of mandatory distinguishing note as the baseline’s resurrection/reincarnation distinction, given its proximity to the Yamaraj/Chitragupta karmic-judgment concept.
- Merit/grace collision in giving (High): Every giving-related term in ch. 8-9 (#24, #25, #27, #59, plus reused अनुग्रह) must carry the same discipline the baseline applies to grace generally — resisting a दान-पुण्य (merit-earned almsgiving) reading.
- Veil/purdah collision (High): परदा (#6) requires a mandatory note distinguishing the spiritual veil of 2 Corinthians 3 from the region’s घूंघट domestic veiling custom.
- False worship-object naming (Critical): एहि संसारक ईश्वर (#16) is the book’s most delicate lexical choice, deliberately activating the baseline’s own rejected term for “God” (ईश्वर) to mark Satan’s usurped, false claim to worship — this reasoning must be preserved intact in any translator note or reviewer guidance.
This glossary extends but does not modify translation_memory.json (Romans baseline). Upon Phase 2 approval, Part B terms should be merged into translation memory with an incremented version number per the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md load-and-enforcement protocol.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Central to 5:21’s ‘righteousness of God’ and 3:9’s ‘ministry of righteousness.’ Never धर्म or सतीत्व.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:6; 6:2; 7:10. Never मुक्ति or मोक्ष.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 4:14; 5:15, as the basis of the believer’s transformed life-purpose. Never पुनर्जन्म.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: āropit dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Non-Imputation of Trespasses
Rejected alternatives: अर्जित धार्मिकता, सती-धर्म
Original: ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην / λογίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly for the positive imputation sense. The root आरोपित is also the base for the new term non_imputation_of_trespasses (5:19), which negates rather than repeats this compound.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: False Worship: The God of This Age
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 2 Corinthians 4:4’s ironic ‘god of this age’ deliberately uses a DIFFERENT Maithili word (ईश्वर) to preserve परमेश्वर’s exclusive reference to the true God; the two must never be interchanged.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ and the Divine Image
Rejected alternatives: ईसा मसीह अकेला
Inherited from the Romans-package transliteration standards (Christ = ख्रीष्ट / मसीह) but elevated to a standalone entry here because 2 Corinthians uses ‘Christ’ as a name far more pervasively than any other book in the curriculum so far (e.g. 1:1-5; 5:14-21; 8:9; 13:14). ख्रीष्ट is the primary name-form; मसीह (see messiah entry) is reserved for the titular ‘Messiah/Anointed One’ sense.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:2-3; 4:5; 5:11; 8:9; 10:17-18; 13:14. Honorific verb agreement rule (छथि) applies whenever प्रभु is the subject of a verb referring to Christ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation: Seal and Guarantee of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα (contextual)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Chapter 3’s bare πνεῦμα (3:6,17-18) must still be rendered/understood with the same personal referent as पवित्र आत्मा, never as an impersonal generic ‘spirit.‘
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:3, ‘Father of mercies and God of all comfort.‘
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masīh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Reserved for the titular ‘Anointed One’ sense; distinct from the standalone name-form entry christ (ख्रीष्ट) above.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: मेल-मिलाप
Transliteration: mel-milāp
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित, सुलह
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: God is always the agent, never the recipient, of this action (5:18-19). Must not be rendered as mutual negotiation (सुलह, a settlement between equals) or as a ritual expiation offered upward by a devotee (प्रायश्चित).
To Reconcile
Approved rendering: मेल कराएब
Transliteration: mel karāeb
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: मनाएब
Original: καταλλάσσω
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: God/Christ must remain the grammatical subject in every key occurrence (5:18-20). Never reduced to मनाएब (‘persuade/placate’), which would wrongly cast the sinner as the active party winning God over.
Word Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: मेल-मिलापक वचन
Transliteration: mel-milāpak vacan
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Salvation
Compound of reconciliation + established वचन (word) usage (5:19); the content of gospel proclamation entrusted to believers.
Non Imputation Of Trespasses
Approved rendering: आरोपित नहि कएलनि
Transliteration: āropit nahi kaelani
Doctrine: Non-Imputation of Trespasses
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा करब (alone)
Original: λογίζομαι (negated)
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: shares its root with imputed_righteousness (आरोपित धार्मिकता). क्षमा करब alone loses the forensic-accounting sense central to 5:19; the negated compound must preserve the legal-ledger meaning.
Made Him To Be Sin
Approved rendering: पाप बनाओल गेलनि
Transliteration: pāp banāol gelani
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: पापी बनाओल
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL — highest-sensitivity rendering in the book (5:21). पापी बनाओल is rejected as it wrongly implies Christ became morally sinful in nature. Mandatory translator note required every occurrence clarifying this is forensic/representative bearing of sin’s guilt and penalty. Expect human theologian review at every occurrence.
New Creation
Approved rendering: नव सृष्टि
Transliteration: nav sṛṣṭi
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, नव अवतार
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: never पुनर्जन्म (rebirth/reincarnation within samsara) and never नव अवतार (would improperly invoke the forbidden अवतार). A believer in Christ (5:17) is a permanent, one-time, non-cyclical new act of God’s creative power.
Image
Approved rendering: स्वरूप
Transliteration: svarūp
Doctrine: Deity of Christ and the Divine Image
Rejected alternatives: प्रतिमा
Original: εἰκών
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: NEVER प्रतिमा, which specifically denotes a Hindu temple idol-statue (mūrti). Single highest idol-collision risk term in the book (3:18; 4:4). Mandatory translator note every occurrence.
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: एहि संसारक ईश्वर
Transliteration: ehi sansārak īśvar
Doctrine: False Worship: The God of This Age
Rejected alternatives: एहि संसारक परमेश्वर
Original: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: Spiritual Conflict
CRITICAL: deliberately reuses ईश्वर (rejected in baseline for the true God) to mark Satan as a false, usurping object of worship (4:4). Mandatory translator note required every occurrence so परमेश्वर’s exclusivity is never diluted.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācār
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation and Its Defense
Rejected alternatives: नीक खबर, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 2 Corinthians the gospel is defended against distortion (4:3-4), commercialization (2:17), and rival preaching (11:4); must retain its weighty, unique-proclamation force even under direct polemical attack.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Reused in the giving chapters (8-9) to describe grace-empowered generosity; must resist collapsing into दान-पुण्य (merit-earning almsgiving) — giving flows FROM received grace, not toward earned merit.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 5:21 both Christ’s sinlessness and his being ‘made sin’ for us use this term; kept distinct from the narrower new term अपराध (trespass, παράπτωμα, 5:19).
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Central to the fading-versus-permanent glory contrast of ch. 3 (Moses’ veiled glory vs. the believer’s unveiled, increasing glory) and 4:4,6,17.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, बिआह-सम्बन्ध
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Base term for the new compound नयका वाचा (new covenant, 3:6,14).
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: byavasthā
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never धर्म. Functions as the contrast term against which the new covenant’s superiority is argued in 3:6-15.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: संत, सती
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12-13.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 7:1; 13:12.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Central to 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4. Never शक्ति (Shakta-goddess association).
Ambassador
Approved rendering: राजदूत
Transliteration: rājadūt
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: दूत (alone)
Original: πρεσβευτής / πρεσβεύω
Category: Salvation
दूत alone is too generic for an authorized royal envoy. राजदूत conveys delegated authority from Christ the King in the reconciliation appeal (5:20).
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टक न्याय-आसन
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭak nyāy-āsan
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ
Rejected alternatives: कर्मक फल
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Sits uncomfortably close to the Yamaraj/Chitragupta karmic-ledger folk image. Mandatory translator note required every occurrence clarifying this evaluates a believer’s works/service for reward, NOT a karmic tribunal determining salvation or rebirth (5:10).
New Covenant
Approved rendering: नयका वाचा
Transliteration: nayakā vācā
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: नई वाचा
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Builds on baseline वाचा with the native Maithili adjective नयका (not the Hindi-transplant नई, 3:6). Must be paired with explicit contrast to व्यवस्था so the supersession claim is clear.
Veil
Approved rendering: परदा
Transliteration: pardā
Doctrine: The Veil Removed: Unveiled Glory
Rejected alternatives: घूंघट
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
परदा risks activating the culturally loaded practice of घूंघट (customary face-veiling before elders in Mithila households). Mandatory translator note required distinguishing this spiritual/perceptual veil (3:13-16) from domestic modesty custom.
Transformed
Approved rendering: रूपान्तरण
Transliteration: rūpāntaraṇ
Doctrine: The Veil Removed: Unveiled Glory
Rejected alternatives: रूप बदलब
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Sanctification
Must be distinguished from Puranic deity/devotee shape-change narratives (rūp-parivartan). Gradual, Spirit-wrought moral-relational transformation into Christ’s likeness ‘from glory to glory’ (3:18), not a single magical event.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: निष्कपटता
Transliteration: niṣkapaṭatā
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: ईमानदारी, पवित्रता
Original: εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Faith
Core term for the sincerity doctrine (1:12; 2:17). ईमानदारी is too generic/commercial; पवित्रता overlaps with holiness, losing the specific ‘no hidden motive’ sense.
Peddlers Of Gods Word
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक वचनक व्यापार करनिहार नहि
Transliteration: parameśvarak vacanak vyāpār karanihār nahi
Doctrine: Sincerity versus Commercialization of the Gospel
Original: καπηλεύω τὸν λόγον
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Direct relevance to the live regional concern about religious commercialization (fees for pandit-led rites, guru-business models, 2:17); must land with full force, never softened to vague ‘misuse.‘
False Apostles
Approved rendering: झूठा प्रेरित
Transliteration: jhūṭhā prerit
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: नकली प्रेरित
Original: ψευδαπόστολος
Category: Church
Rival teachers falsely claiming Christ’s authorized apostolic commission (11:13); must be unambiguous these figures lack genuine divine commissioning, not merely mistaken doctrine.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: अति-श्रेष्ठ प्रेरित
Transliteration: ati-śreṣṭha prerit
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: महाप्रेरित
Original: ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Church
Paul’s ironic title for self-exalting rivals (11:5; 12:11); महाप्रेरित rejected for losing the ironic edge. Requires tone note since Maithili lacks a grammatical irony marker.
Sign Of A True Apostle
Approved rendering: सच्चा प्रेरितक चिन्ह
Transliteration: saccā prerītak cinha
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου
Category: Genuine Apostleship
Miraculous signs, patient endurance, and sacrificial ministry as God’s authentication of Paul’s genuine apostleship (12:12), against the false apostles.
Weakness
Approved rendering: दुर्बलता
Transliteration: durbaltā
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: कमजोरी
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
Frailty in which Christ’s power is displayed (11:30; 12:5,9-10; 13:4); must not carry the shame connotation Paul’s argument explicitly reverses.
Boasting Negative
Approved rendering: घमण्ड करब
Transliteration: ghamaṇḍ karab
Doctrine: True versus False Boasting
Original: καυχάομαι / καύχησις
Category: Church
Self-promoting boasting in one’s own credentials (10:12-18; 11:16-30); must be clearly marked as illegitimate self-exaltation, the false apostles’ practice.
Boasting In The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुमे गौरव करब
Transliteration: prabhume gaurav karab
Doctrine: True versus False Boasting
Rejected alternatives: गौरव करब (alone)
Original: καυχάομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ
Category: Faith
Legitimate boasting whose object is the Lord, not self (10:17-18; 12:9); गौरव करब alone must not stand without ‘in the Lord,’ given the region’s live lineage/Panjikaran-pride boasting norms.
Generosity
Approved rendering: उदारता
Transliteration: udārtā
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: दान
Original: ἁπλότης
Category: Generosity and Giving
दान is too strongly tied to merit-earning almsgiving (दान-पुण्य). Must be presented consistently as a grace-produced response (8:2; 9:11,13), never a merit-generating duty.
Voluntary Poverty Of Christ
Approved rendering: धनी रहितहुँ दरिद्र भेलाह
Transliteration: dhanī rahitahũ daridra bhelāh
Doctrine: Incarnation and Voluntary Poverty of Christ
Original: πλούσιος ὢν ἐπτώχευσεν
Category: Christology
Must be read alongside baseline देहधारण (8:9); Christ’s voluntary self-humbling in taking human nature, not a literal economics case study nor an avatar-descent ‘slumming’ narrative.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक मन्दिर
Transliteration: parameśvarak mandir
Doctrine: Believers as God’s Temple
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ
Category: Church
Deliberately reuses मन्दिर, the word rejected in the baseline only for ‘church’ (there meaning a Hindu temple building). Here it names God’s own indwelling presence in his people (6:16). Mandatory translator note must distinguish from both मण्डली and a literal Hindu temple.
Guarantee Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: बयाना
Transliteration: bayānā
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation: Seal and Guarantee of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: अग्रिम
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Assurance of Salvation
Vivid commercial/agrarian idiom (earnest money in land/marriage transactions, 1:22; 5:5); mandatory note that the Spirit himself, not a lesser token, guarantees a certain personal inheritance.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित, गुरु
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Base term for false_apostles, super_apostles, and sign_of_a_true_apostle below. गुरु is explicitly rejected here too: this region’s living guru-shishya tradition could otherwise absorb the term, reframing the polemic as rival-guru rivalry rather than genuine-vs-counterfeit divine commissioning.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, मठ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13. Must not be confused with the distinct temple_of_god indwelling metaphor of 6:16, which deliberately uses a different Maithili word (मन्दिर).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक वरदान
Transliteration: ātmik varadān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धि
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Kept distinct from the new term indescribable_gift (δωρεά, 9:15), which uses ordinary उपहार rather than वरदान.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used in the opening greeting formula (1:2), reused identically across the curriculum’s letters.
Trespass
Approved rendering: अपराध
Transliteration: aparādh
Doctrine: Non-Imputation of Trespasses
Rejected alternatives: पाप (reserved for ἁμαρτία)
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
Kept distinct from पाप (baseline sin term); preserves the narrower ‘trespass/false step’ nuance where the Greek deliberately uses παράπτωμα rather than ἁμαρτία (5:19).
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुक भय
Transliteration: prabhuk bhay
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: भूत-प्रेतक भय
Original: φόβος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Faith
Must read as reverential awe before the sovereign Lord (5:11; 7:1), not folk-religious fear of ghosts/spirits or appeasement-fear of an unpredictable deity.
Letter Of The Law
Approved rendering: अक्षर
Transliteration: akṣar
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: शब्द
Original: γράμμα
Category: Covenant
Contrast with the Spirit’s inward work (3:6); not disparagement of Scripture itself. NEVER used standalone — always pair with व्यवस्था/वाचा to avoid collision with the Vedantic अक्षर-ब्रह्म (‘imperishable Brahman’) association.
Freedom In The Spirit
Approved rendering: स्वतंत्रता
Transliteration: svatantratā
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Covenant
Never मोक्ष (forbidden reincarnation-liberation concept). Freedom to behold God’s glory unveiled through the Spirit (3:17), not liberation from a rebirth cycle.
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: सेवकाई
Transliteration: sevakāī
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: सेवा (alone)
Original: διακονία
Category: Church
High-frequency term across the whole book; सेवा alone is too generic. Must be used consistently across compounds: मेल-मिलापक सेवकाई, मृत्युक सेवकाई, धार्मिकताक सेवकाई (3:7-9; 4:1; 5:18; 6:3-4; 11:8,23).
Boldness Of Speech
Approved rendering: निडरता
Transliteration: niḍartā
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: दुस्साहस
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
Confident, open manner of ministry (3:12; 7:4), contrasted with Moses’ veiled approach; दुस्साहस implies recklessness, too negative.
Commend Oneself
Approved rendering: अपनाकेँ प्रमाणित करब
Transliteration: apnākē̃ pramāṇit karab
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνιστάνω ἑαυτόν
Category: Genuine Apostleship
Self-recommendation/self-promotion, the practice of rival teachers Paul refuses (3:1; 5:12; 10:12,18); must not read as false modesty.
Sufficiency Competence
Approved rendering: योग्यता
Transliteration: yogyatā
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἱκανότης / ἱκανός
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
God-given competence for ministry (2:16; 3:5-6), not self-generated qualification.
Satan
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: śaitān
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Deception
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Conflict
Standard cross-tradition transliteration (2:11; 11:14; 12:7); no viable native alternative.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: ज्योतिर्मय स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: jyotirmay svargadūt
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Deception
Rejected alternatives: देवदूत अकेला
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Spiritual Conflict
Satan’s disguise as a luminous, benevolent heavenly messenger (11:14); must not be confused with generally positive luminous divine-being imagery in regional devotional art — the point is deceptive disguise.
Craftiness Of The Serpent
Approved rendering: चालाकी
Transliteration: cālākī
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Deception
Original: πανουργία
Category: Spiritual Conflict
The serpent’s deception of Eve (11:3); must be framed as the Genesis deceiver specifically, distinct from regionally revered folk-nāga imagery (e.g. Nag Panchami).
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: शरीरमे काँटा
Transliteration: śarīr-me kā̃ṭā
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: तप
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
Paul’s persistent, humbling affliction (12:7), given to prevent pride; must read as purposeful God-permitted discipline, not fatalistic bad karma (प्रारब्ध).
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: माटीक भाँड़मे खजाना
Transliteration: māṭīk bhāṇḍ-me khajānā
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Power in Weakness
The gospel’s surpassing power held in weak, mortal apostles (4:7), so power is seen as God’s alone. Natural agrarian/domestic image, low collision risk.
Godly Sorrow
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक अनुसार शोक
Transliteration: parameśvarak anusār śok
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Faith
Sorrow that aligns with God’s judgment of sin, producing repentance (7:9-10); distinguish from stoic non-attachment and merit-based penance (साधना).
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: paścātāp
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Faith
Inward turning from sin toward God (7:9-10), not merely regret or a ritual act of penance (प्रायश्चित).
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: उल्लासपूर्ण दाता
Transliteration: ullāsapūrṇa dātā
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: पुण्यात्मा दाता
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης
Category: Generosity and Giving
One who gives joyfully, not under compulsion (9:7); पुण्यात्मा दाता (a merit-laden term) is rejected.
Indescribable Gift
Approved rendering: अवर्णनीय उपहार
Transliteration: avarṇanīya upahār
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἀνεκδιήγητος δωρεά
Category: Generosity and Giving
Uses ordinary उपहार rather than वरदान, kept distinct from आत्मिक वरदान (9:15).
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: अलग जुआमे जोताएब
Transliteration: alag juā-me jotāeb
Doctrine: Holiness and Separation: Unequal Yoking
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Sanctification
Agrarian yoke image (जुआ) translates naturally in Mithila’s farming culture (6:14); ensure the applied meaning (allegiance/partnership, not merely marriage) is retained.
Comfort
Approved rendering: सान्त्वना
Transliteration: sāntvanā
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: धीरज
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Active divine comfort from ‘the Father of mercies and God of all comfort’ (1:3-7; 7:6-7,13), not stoic resignation or karma-acceptance (धीरज).
Affliction
Approved rendering: क्लेश
Transliteration: kleś
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: तप
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Real, severe suffering endured in gospel ministry (1:4,8; 4:17; 6:4; 8:2); तप (self-imposed ascetic austerity) is rejected.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: अनन्त महिमाक बोझ
Transliteration: anant mahimāk bojh
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: God
The incomparable, everlasting glory produced by present light affliction (4:17); reuses baseline महिमा.
Restoration
Approved rendering: पूर्ण करब / सुधारब
Transliteration: pūrṇa karab / sudhārab
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: καταρτίζω / κατάρτισις
Category: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Paul’s final appeal for the church’s full spiritual restoration and maturity (13:9,11).
Seal Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: मुहर लगाएब
Transliteration: muhar lagāeb
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation: Seal and Guarantee of the Spirit
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Assurance of Salvation
God’s mark of ownership and authentication upon believers via the Spirit (1:22).
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: अपनाकेँ परखू
Transliteration: apnākē̃ parakhū
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation: Seal and Guarantee of the Spirit
Original: ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε
Category: Assurance of Salvation
Self-examination for genuine union with Christ, not mere religious affiliation (13:5).
Disqualified
Approved rendering: अयोग्य
Transliteration: ayogya
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation: Seal and Guarantee of the Spirit
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Assurance of Salvation
Failing the test of genuine faith; a merely nominal, un-genuine profession (13:5-7).
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: विजय-जुलूस
Transliteration: vijay-julūs
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: θριαμβεύω
Category: Genuine Apostleship
God’s public, victorious display of Christ’s triumph through the apostles’ ministry (2:14); requires explanatory translator note on the unfamiliar Roman triumphal-procession custom.
Fragrance Of Christ
Approved rendering: सुगंध
Transliteration: sugandh
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: धूप
Original: ὀσμή
Category: Genuine Apostleship
Believers as ‘the aroma of Christ’ (2:15-16); must be kept distinct from ritual incense offerings (धूप) central to Hindu puja.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: पवित्र चुम्बन
Transliteration: pavitra cumban
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Christian Fellowship
Culturally-conditioned first-century greeting (13:12); requires a note that a respectful local greeting equivalent (हाथ जोड़ब/नमस्कार) may be commended in application, not in the literal text, since cross-gender kissing is not a Mithila social custom.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सङ्गति
Transliteration: saṅgati
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता, समाज
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 6:14; 8:4; 9:13; 13:14.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब / विनती करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab / vinatī karab
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 5:20 the sense is beseeching entreaty (विनती करब), per the baseline’s own context-sensitivity rule; 1:4, 2:8, 6:1 lean toward encouragement (उत्साहित करब).
Belial
Approved rendering: बेलियाल
Transliteration: Beliyāl
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Deception
Original: Βελίαρ
Category: Spiritual Conflict
Transliterated proper noun for Satan (6:15); ensure it is not confused with any regional demon-figure name.
Stronghold
Approved rendering: गढ़
Transliteration: gaṛh
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ὀχύρωμα
Category: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Arguments and proud obstacles against the knowledge of God, torn down by spiritual power (10:4-5).
Equality
Approved rendering: समानता
Transliteration: samāntā
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Generosity and Giving
Fair balance in provision within the body of Christ (8:13-14).
Inner Outer Man
Approved rendering: भितरका मनुष्य / बाहरका मनुष्य
Transliteration: bhitarkā manuṣya / bāharkā manuṣya
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ἔσω ἄνθρωπος / ἔξω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
The inward spiritual self renewed daily, versus the outward physical body wasting away (4:16).
Tent Earthly Dwelling
Approved rendering: डेरा
Transliteration: ḍerā
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: σκῆνος / ἐπίγειος οἰκία
Category: Eschatology
The mortal body as a temporary dwelling (5:1), destroyed at death but replaced by a permanent heavenly body.
Groan
Approved rendering: कराहब
Transliteration: karāhab
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: στενάζω
Category: Eschatology
Believers groaning under present mortal burdens, longing for resurrection embodiment (5:2,4).
Referenced passages