Core Glossary

Core Glossary: 2 Peter (English → Maithili)

Curriculum: 2 Peter Destination language: Maithili (Devanagari script) Companion document: analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md Status column key: [TM-REUSE] = term and rendering fixed in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json, reused exactly, no deviation permitted. [NEW] = term proposed for the first time in this curriculum, to be added to translation memory upon Phase 1 sign-off.

All Critical and High risk terms require Human Theologian review before any Phase 2 segment containing them is approved, per the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json routing convention. Medium risk terms require Native Speaker review. Low risk terms require automated review only.

A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline

Term (English)	Greek	Maithili	Risk	Doctrine tie-in	2 Peter citations
apostle	ἀπόστολος	प्रेरित	Medium	Apostleship	1:1
faith	πίστις	विश्वास	High	Faith	1:1, 1:5
grace	χάρις	अनुग्रह	High	Grace	1:2, 3:18
peace	εἰρήνη	शान्ति	Medium	Peace with God	1:2, 3:14
righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	धार्मिकता	Critical	Salvation	1:1, 2:5, 2:21, 3:13
lord	κύριος	प्रभु	Critical	Lordship of Christ	throughout (as part of “Lord and Savior”)
son_of_god (Sonship address)	υἱός	परमेश्वरक पुत्र / प्रिय पुत्र	Critical	Sonship of Christ	1:17
glory	δόξα	महिमा	High	Deity of Christ	1:3, 1:17 (×2), 3:18
holy	ἅγιος	पवित्र	High	Sanctification	1:18, 1:21, 3:2, 3:11
holy_spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον	पवित्र आत्मा	Critical	Sanctification / Inspiration of Scripture	1:21
father	πατήρ	पिता	Critical	Sonship of Christ	1:17
god	θεός	परमेश्वर	Critical	Deity of Christ	throughout
jesus	Ἰησοῦς	यीशु	Critical	Lordship of Christ	throughout
called / calling	κλητός / κλῆσις	बजाओल / बजाओल जाएब	High	Divine Calling	1:3, 1:10
election	ἐκλογή	परमेश्वरक चुनाव	High	Effectual Calling	1:10
sin	ἁμαρτία / ἁμάρτημα	पाप	High	Universal Human Accountability	1:9, 2:14
power_of_god (as δύναμις of Christ)	δύναμις	सामर्थ्य	High	Power of God for Salvation	1:3, 1:16
prophecy	προφητεία	भविष्यवाणी	Low (elevated to High in this book, see notes)	Fulfillment of Prophecy	1:20, 1:21, 3:2
prophet	προφήτης	भविष्यद्वक्ता	Low	Inspiration of Scripture	3:2
kingdom_of_god	βασιλεία	परमेश्वरक राज्य (+ अनन्त, “eternal”)	Medium	Kingdom Mission	1:11
messiah / christ	Χριστός	ख्रीष्ट / मसीह	Critical	Messianic Promise	throughout
fellowship (root)	κοινωνός	सङ्गति-मूलक: भागी	Low→High in 1:4 context	Christian Fellowship / Divine Nature	1:4

Note on prophecy/prophet in 2 Peter: although the baseline rates these Low, this curriculum’s core doctrine “The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture” makes 2 Peter 1:19–21 a Critical-stakes passage built on these terms; reviewers should treat any segment combining προφητεία/προφήτης with φέρω, γραφή, or ἐπίλυσις as requiring Human Theologian review regardless of the term’s own baseline risk rating.

B. New Terms Proposed for 2 Peter

#	Term (English gloss)	Greek	Transliteration	Category / Doctrine	Risk	Maithili term	Transliteration	Translation notes	Citations
1	Savior	σωτήρ	sōtēr	Salvation / Lordship of Christ	Critical	उद्धारकर्ता	uddhārkartā	Built on the fixed उद्धार root; never a मुक्ति/मोक्ष-based coinage. Always paired with प्रभु in the fixed formula “प्रभु आ उद्धारकर्ता।“	1:1, 1:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:18
2	myth / fable	μῦθος	mythos	Reliability of Scripture	Critical	गढ़ल गप्प	gaṛhal gapp	NEVER पौराणिक कथा — would pejoratively equate Puranic literature with fabricated legend, a severe and unnecessary communal offense.	1:16
3	coming / arrival (Second Coming)	παρουσία	parousia	Certainty of Christ’s Return	Critical	आगमन	āgaman	Distinguish explicitly from cyclical avatar-descent and from Kalki-avatar expectation; single, unrepeated, bodily return of the same incarnate Son.	1:16, 3:4, 3:12
4	divine nature	θεία φύσις	theia physis	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	Critical	दैवीय स्वभावक भागी	daivīya svabhāvak bhāgī	NEVER लीन होयब (mystical absorption into Brahman) or any wording implying shared सत्ता/being with God. Believers share God’s moral character by grace; they never become ontologically identical with him. Highest-stakes phrase in the book given Mithila’s Vedānta-literate scholarly tradition.	1:4
5	full/precise knowledge	ἐπίγνωσις	epignōsis	Reliability of Scripture / Divine Nature	Critical	पूर्ण ज्ञान	pūrṇa jñān	Always anchored to its object (“of God,” “of our Lord Jesus Christ”); must never stand alone in a way readable as jñāna in the Advaita Vedānta self-realization sense.	1:2, 1:3, 1:8, 2:20
6	knowledge (virtue-list form)	γνῶσις	gnōsis	Growing in Christian Virtue	High	ज्ञान	jñān	Same jñāna-mārga collision risk as ἐπίγνωσις, at lower intensity; present as one virtue among several, never a stand-alone path to salvation.	1:5–6, 3:18
7	cast into Tartarus / consigned to the abyss	ταρταρόω	tartaroō	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Critical	अन्धकारमय गड्ढा(मे बन्न कएल)	andhakāramaya gaḍḍhā (me bann kael)	NEVER नरक (karma/rebirth-cycle hell) or पाताल (Puranic nether-world of the nāgas). Use a descriptive phrase naming no local infernal realm.	2:4
8	Day of the Lord	ἡμέρα κυρίου	hēmera kyriou	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	Critical	प्रभुक दिन	prabhuk din	Distinguish from प्रलय (cyclical cosmic dissolution at the end of a kalpa, followed by re-creation). This is a single, linear, final, morally decisive day.	3:10
9	eternal	αἰώνιος	aiōnios	Kingdom Mission / eschatology	High	अनन्त	ananta	NEVER सनातन — Hinduism’s own self-designation as “the eternal religion” (Sanātana Dharma); अनन्त is religiously unmarked.	1:11, 3:18 (doxology)
10	godliness	εὐσέβεια	eusebeia	Growing in Christian Virtue	High	परमेश्वरपरायणता	parameśvar-parāyaṇtā	Coined compound on the fixed परमेश्वर root. NEVER भक्ति — carries the full weight of Mithila’s Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa and Ram-Sita devotional tradition.	1:3, 1:6, 1:7, 3:11
11	virtue / excellence	ἀρετή	aretē	Growing in Christian Virtue	High	सद्गुण	sadguṇ	Avoid unqualified गुण — technical Sāṃkhya term (त्रिगुण) in the region’s philosophical tradition.	1:3, 1:5
12	love (agape)	ἀγάπη	agapē	Growing in Christian Virtue	High	प्रेम	prem	Loaded with Vidyapati’s Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa devotional-romantic tradition; qualify as निःस्वार्थ प्रेम where clarity requires distinguishing from śṛṅgāra-bhakti love.	1:7
13	corruption / decay	φθορά	phthora	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	High	भ्रष्टता	bhraṣṭatā	Keep as moral-relational corruption/depravity, not physical decay or ritual impurity.	1:4, 2:12, 2:19
14	false teacher / false prophet	ψευδοδιδάσκαλος / ψευδοπροφήτης	pseudodidaskalos / pseudoprophētēs	False Teachers and Their Judgment	High	झूठा शिक्षक / झूठा भविष्यद्वक्ता	jhūṭhā śikṣak / jhūṭhā bhaviṣyadvaktā	NEVER गुरु — carries near-inviolable guru-disciple lineage authority in regional religious culture; शिक्षक keeps the claim textually focused.	2:1
15	Master (absolute owner)	δεσπότης	despotēs	False Teachers and Their Judgment	High	स्वामी	svāmī	Distinct from प्रभु (κύριος); deliberately reintroduces स्वामी (rejected elsewhere for lord/kyrios) for this different Greek word denoting outright ownership. Do not conflate with प्रभु in review.	2:1
16	destruction / perdition	ἀπώλεια	apōleia	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	High	विनाश	vināś	Final eschatological ruin, not a this-worldly setback or a stage within a repeating cosmic cycle.	2:1, 2:3, 3:7, 3:16
17	judgment / condemnation	κρίμα / κρίσις	krima / krisis	False Teachers and Their Judgment	High	न्याय / दण्ड	nyāy / daṇḍa	न्याय also names the region’s historic Nyāya school of logic (Mithila is its intellectual home); ensure context clarifies God’s moral-legal verdict, not the philosophical darśana.	2:3, 2:4, 2:9, 3:7
18	patience (of God)	μακροθυμία	makrothymia	Patience of God’s Timing	High	सहनशीलता	sahanśīltā	Active, purposive divine forbearance giving opportunity for repentance — not passive fate-based delay (प्रारब्ध-adjacent idiom). Keep distinct from धीरज (ὑπομονή).	3:9, 3:15
19	repentance	μετάνοια	metanoia	Patience of God’s Timing / Salvation	High	पश्चाताप	paścātāp	NEVER प्रायश्चित्त — ritual expiation removing karmic effect through prescribed rites; repentance here is a Spirit-wrought turning received by grace, not a merit-generating rite.	3:9
20	error / deception	πλάνη	planē	False Teachers and Their Judgment	High	भ्रम	bhram	NEVER माया — the Advaita Vedānta term for cosmic illusion, a distinct metaphysical doctrine, not moral/doctrinal error.	3:17
21	creation	κτίσις	ktisis	Day of the Lord / Certainty of Christ’s Return	High	सृष्टि	sṛṣṭi	Distinguish God’s one historical act of origination from the cyclical सृष्टि-स्थिति-प्रलय pattern of Hindu cosmology.	3:4
22	elements / heavenly bodies	στοιχεῖα	stoicheia	Day of the Lord	High	आकाशीय पिण्ड	ākāśīya piṇḍa	Avoid unqualified तत्त्व — loaded Sāṃkhya/Vedānta philosophical term for fundamental categories of reality.	3:10, 3:12
23	Scripture	γραφή	graphē	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	High	पवित्र शास्त्र	pavitra śāstra	Always paired with पवित्र; शास्त्र alone is generic (Dharmaśāstra, Nyāyaśāstra, Purāṇas all qualify), consistent with the baseline doctrine name “शास्त्रक प्रेरणा.”	1:20, 3:16
24	carried along (by the Spirit)	φέρω (pass. φερόμενοι)	pherō	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	High	(पवित्र आत्माक द्वारा) चलाओल गेल	(pavitra ātmāk dvārā) calāol gel	Central inspiration verb: Spirit-directed authorship producing exactly what God intended; not mere “influence,” and not to be pictured as ecstatic possession/trance-oracle phenomena.	1:21
25	morning star	φωσφόρος	phōsphoros	Certainty of Christ’s Return	High	भोरक तारा	bhorak tārā	NEVER शुक्र (Śukra) — the astrological planetary deity name for Venus, actively venerated regionally (Friday observance). Use a generic descriptive phrase, not the deity-name.	1:19
26	dominion (false teachers despise)	κυριότης	kyriotēs	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium	प्रभुत्व	prabhutva	Built on प्रभु root; keep distinct from κύριος itself and from δεσπότης/स्वामी.	2:10
27	bought / purchased	ἀγοράζω	agorazō	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium	मोल लेल	mol lel	Preserve price-paid redemption imagery; do not soften to “provided for.”	2:1
28	heresy / destructive opinion	αἵρεσις	hairesis	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium	विनाशकारी मत	vināśkārī mat	Avoid पाषण्ड — imports a Vedic-orthodoxy insider/outsider framework foreign to the text.	2:1
29	ungodly	ἀσεβής	asebēs	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium–High	परमेश्वरहीन	parameśvarhīn	Coined to avoid अधर्मी (धर्म root), consistent with baseline’s general धर्म-avoidance convention.	2:5, 2:6, 3:7
30	the way of truth / of righteousness	ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας / δικαιοσύνης	hodos tēs alētheias / dikaiosynēs	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium–High	सत्यक मार्ग / धार्मिकताक मार्ग	satyak mārg / dhārmiktāk mārg	मार्ग evokes the region’s “many paths, one goal” religious pluralism idiom; translator notes must make the text’s own exclusive-way claim explicit.	2:2, 2:21
31	slave / bondservant	δοῦλος	doulos	Christian Identity / False Teachers contrast	Medium	दास	dās	Positive self-designation (1:1, glad ownership by Christ) vs. negative usage (2:19, “slaves of corruption”) — the deliberate contrast must survive translation; do not soften to सेवक.	1:1, 2:19
32	freedom / liberty	ἐλευθερία	eleutheria	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium	स्वतंत्रता	svatantratā	Here names the false teachers’ counterfeit promise of libertine freedom; distinguish from genuine salvific freedom from sin’s dominion.	2:19
33	defilement	μιασμός / μίασμα	miasmos / miasma	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium	अपवित्रता	apavitratā	Moral defilement (worldly corruption reasserting itself), not ritual/ceremonial impurity in the संस्कार sense.	2:20
34	cleansing (from sin)	καθαρισμός	katharismos	Growing in Christian Virtue	Medium–High	पापसँ धोयल जाएब	pāpsã̃ dhoyal jāeb	Deliberately avoids शुद्धिकरण (already a rejected alternative for “sanctification” in the baseline) and ritual-purity vocabulary generally.	1:9
35	promise	ἐπάγγελμα / ἐπαγγελία	epangelma / epangelia	Certainty of Christ’s Return / Patience of God’s Timing	Medium	प्रतिज्ञा	pratijñā	Context must show this is God’s own sovereign guarantee, not a self-imposed heroic vow (cf. Bhīṣma’s pratijñā in regional epic tradition).	1:4, 3:4, 3:9, 3:13
36	trial / temptation	πειρασμός	peirasmos	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium	परीक्षा	parīkṣā	Also the ordinary word for an academic examination; context normally disambiguates.	2:9
37	Majestic Glory (title for the Father)	μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα	megaloprepēs doxa	Deity of Christ / core passage	Medium–High	उच्च महिमावाला परमेश्वर	ucca mahimāvālā parameśvar	Reverent circumlocution for God the Father; requires a translator note explaining the periphrastic-title convention.	1:17
38	majesty	μεγαλειότης	megaleiotēs	Certainty of Christ’s Return	Medium	वैभव	vaibhav	Avoid प्रताप (royal-dynastic overtone, sensitive given Mithila’s own Janak-kingdom identity).	1:16
39	holy mountain	ἅγιον ὄρος	hagion oros	core passage	Medium	पवित्र पहाड़	pavitra pahāṛ	Clarify holiness derives from the one-time Transfiguration event, not an enduring shrine-cult site.	1:18
40	self-control	ἐγκράτεια	enkrateia	Growing in Christian Virtue	Medium	संयम	sanyam	Also a technical stage in Patañjali’s Yoga Sūtras; gloss on first use as “मन आ इच्छापर काबू.”	1:6
41	steadfastness / endurance	ὑπομονή	hypomonē	Growing in Christian Virtue	Medium	धीरज	dhīraj	Keep distinct from सहनशीलता (μακροθυμία).	1:6
42	brotherly love	φιλαδελφία	philadelphia	Growing in Christian Virtue	Medium	भाईचारा	bhāīcārā	Mark clearly as spiritual kinship among believers, not caste/community solidarity.	1:7
43	eyewitness	ἐπόπτης	epoptēs	core passage	Low–Medium	प्रत्यक्षदर्शी	pratyakṣadarśī	Advantageous rendering: neutral legal/empirical connotation reinforces Peter’s own anti-myth argument.	1:16
44	new (qualitatively)	καινός	kainos	Day of the Lord	Medium	नव्य / नूतन	navya / nūtan	Convey qualitative newness of a renewed created order, not merely “another one.”	3:13
45	scoffer	ἐμπαίκτης	empaiktēs	Certainty of Christ’s Return	Low	उपहास करएबाला	upahās karaebālā	Standard descriptive term.	3:3
46	spotless / blameless	ἄσπιλος / ἄμωμος	aspilos / amōmos	Growing in Christian Virtue	Low–Medium	निष्कलंक	niṣkalaṅk	Use निष्कलंक/निर्दोष rather than शुद्ध; moral-relational, not ritual purity.	3:14
47	grow	αὐξάνω	auxanō	Growing in Christian Virtue	Low–Medium	बढ़ब	baṛhab	Ensure ongoing Spirit-enabled growth, not self-effort achievement disconnected from grace.	3:18
48	stability	στηριγμός	stērigmos	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Low	स्थिरता	sthirtā	Standard term.	3:17
49	interpretation	ἐπίλυσις	epilysis	Reliability of Scripture	Low	निजी व्याख्या	nijī vyākhyā	Standard term for personal/private explanation.	1:20
50	tent / mortal body	σκήνωμα	skēnōma	mortality / departure	Low	नश्वर देह	naśvar deh	Gloss the tent-metaphor as “mortal body” rather than translating “tent” literally.	1:13–14
51	departure (death)	ἔξοδος	exodos	mortality	Low	प्रस्थान	prasthān	Exodus-echo may be noted for teaching purposes.	1:15
52	herald / preacher	κῆρυξ	kēryx	False Teachers and Their Judgment (Noah)	Low	प्रचारक	pracārak	Standard term.	2:5
53	example / pattern	ὑπόδειγμα	hypodeigma	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Low	उदाहरण	udāharaṇ	Standard term.	2:6
54	rescue / deliver	ῥύομαι	rhyomai	False Teachers and Their Judgment (Lot)	Low–Medium	छोड़ाएब / बचाएब	choṛāeb / bacāeb	Standard rescue verb.	2:7, 2:9
55	wage / reward	μισθός	misthos	False Teachers and Their Judgment (Balaam)	Low	प्रतिफल	pratiphal	Standard term.	2:13, 2:15
56	honor	τιμή	timē	core passage	Low	सम्मान	sammān	Standard term.	1:17
57	beloved	ἀγαπητός	agapētos	Sonship of Christ (address)	Low	प्रिय	priya	Always paired with पुत्र so as not to weaken unique/eternal Sonship.	1:17
58	commandment	ἐντολή	entolē	Reliability of Scripture	Low–Medium	आज्ञा	ājñā	Distinguish from व्यवस्था (Mosaic Law); a specific apostolic instruction here.	2:21, 3:2
59	blaspheme	βλασφημέω	blasphēmeō	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Low–Medium	निन्दा करब	nindā karab	Standard term.	2:2, 2:10, 2:12
60	sensuality	ἀσέλγεια	aselgeia	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Medium	लम्पटता	lampaṭtā	Standard moral-vocabulary term.	2:2, 2:7, 2:18
61	greed	πλεονεξία	pleonexia	False Teachers and Their Judgment	Low	लोभ	lobh	Standard term.	2:3, 2:14
62	divine (adj.)	θεῖος	theios	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	High	दिव्य	divya	Watch for Puranic “divya rūp” avatar-manifestation overtones; keep unambiguously God’s own attribute.	1:3, 1:4

C. Risk Summary for 2 Peter New Terms

Risk tier	Count	Review routing
Critical	9	Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence)
High	17	Human theologian
Medium	22	Native speaker review
Low / Low–Medium	14	Automated or native speaker spot-check
Total new terms	62

Combined with the 20 reused Critical/High/Medium terms from the Romans baseline (Section A), this glossary governs all Phase 2 segment translation for 2 Peter. All Critical and High terms above must be added to translation_memory.json (version increment required) and to bible_term_registry.json / doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 begins, following the same schema and enforcement priority order established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

Cross-reference: analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter argumentation behind each entry above.

Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly, CRITICAL tier unchanged. Also names Noah as a ‘herald of righteousness’ (2:5) and the promised new creation as ‘the home of righteousness’ (3:13), extending the term’s force beyond forensic justification into eschatological hope; never धर्म or सतीत्व.

Lord

Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Recurs throughout 2 Peter in the fixed formula ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’ (1:2, 1:8, 1:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:18). IMPORTANT 2 Peter-specific note: स्वामी is reintroduced in this book (see ‘master’ entry below) for the distinct Greek word δεσπότης in 2:1 — प्रभु and स्वामी must never be conflated or treated as interchangeable within this curriculum.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक पुत्र
Transliteration: parameśvarak putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक अंश, देवपुरुष

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. In 2 Peter 1:17, the Father’s direct address is rendered in the shorter honorific form ‘मोर प्रिय पुत्र’ (my beloved son), always pairing प्रिय with पुत्र so the address cannot be misread as royal favor toward a pre-existing prince figure (cf. Ram’s birth to Dasharath in regional epic narrative).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly, CRITICAL tier unchanged. In 2 Peter 1:21 the Spirit is the agent who ‘carried along’ the human authors of Scripture (see ‘carried_along’ entry below); never ब्रह्म or परमात्मा.

Father

Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Named as the source of the honor and glory conferred on the Son at the Transfiguration (1:17); never a Hindu creator-deity name.

God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. 2 Peter 1:1’s Greek construction (‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’) directly identifies Jesus as θεός; Maithili syntax must preserve this identification without introducing ambiguity that could read as two separate figures.

Jesus

Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Always joined in this letter to Lord/Christ/Savior titles; never ईसा.

Messiah

Approved rendering: मसीह / ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: masīh / khrīṣṭ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष

Inherited from Romans package (मसीह), with ख्रीष्ट added as the interchangeable transliterated proper-name form already established by North Indian Bible-translation convention. Used throughout 2 Peter as part of the fixed title ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’; never assimilated to Ram or Krishna as awaited/celebrated avatar-figures, a risk compounded here by the letter’s own emphasis on Christ’s unique, unrepeated coming (see ‘parousia’ entry below).

Savior

Approved rendering: उद्धारकर्ता
Transliteration: uddhārkartā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिदाता, मोक्षदाता

NEW for 2 Peter. Built directly on the fixed उद्धार root for ‘salvation’ to guarantee consistency with the Romans baseline. A divine title for Jesus, repeated in the fixed formula ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’ (1:1, 1:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:18). NEVER a मुक्ति/मोक्ष-based coinage such as मुक्तिदाता, which would reframe Christ’s saving work as release from the karmic rebirth cycle rather than reconciliation with a personal God. Always paired with प्रभु in the fixed formula.

Myth

Approved rendering: गढ़ल गप्प
Transliteration: gaṛhal gapp
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: पौराणिक कथा

NEW for 2 Peter. 2 Peter 1:16: ‘we did not follow cleverly devised myths.’ NEVER पौराणिक कथा (‘Puranic tale/legend’) — Puranas are core scripture for the Hindu tradition and the literary home of the region’s own Ram/Krishna narratives; that rendering would read as the Bible pejoratively insulting a revered scripture corpus rather than making a general epistemological claim about the apostolic testimony’s basis in eyewitness fact.

Parousia

Approved rendering: आगमन
Transliteration: āgaman
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: अवतार-आगमन (avatar-descent framing), कल्कि अवतारक प्रतीक्षा (Kalki-avatar expectation framing)

NEW for 2 Peter. The technical term for Christ’s visible, bodily second coming (1:16, 3:4, 3:12). Gloss on first use as ‘यीशु ख्रीष्टक फेर सँ आगमन.’ MANDATORY standing translator note at every occurrence distinguishing this single, unrepeated, historical return of the same incarnate Son from (a) the region’s cyclical avatar-descent expectation and (b) the widely known Kalki-avatar expectation in North Indian Vaishnava tradition. Highest cultural-collision risk in the letter given Mithila’s own Ramayana-setting identity.

Divine Nature

Approved rendering: दैवीय स्वभावक भागी
Transliteration: daivīya svabhāvak bhāgī
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: लीन होयब, समान सत्ता/अस्तित्व (shared being/ontological identity wording)

NEW for 2 Peter. 2 Peter 1:4: believers become ‘partakers of the divine nature.’ The single highest-stakes phrase in the entire book. NEVER लीन होयब (‘to become absorbed/dissolved into the divine’), the ready-to-hand native idiom for exactly this kind of language in Mithila’s Advaita Vedānta scholarly tradition, where it asserts jīvātman-Brahman identity — the opposite of Peter’s point. MANDATORY standing translator note: believers receive, by grace, a share in God’s moral character (incorruptibility, holiness, love); they never become ontologically identical with God and remain eternally creatures in relationship with their Creator.

Full Knowledge

Approved rendering: पूर्ण ज्ञान
Transliteration: pūrṇa jñān
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञान (standing alone, unanchored to its object)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐπίγνωσις (1:2, 1:3, 1:8, 2:20), the deepening, relational, experiential knowledge of God and Christ. Must always be anchored to its object (‘of God,’ ‘of our Lord Jesus Christ’) and never stand alone in a way readable as jñāna in the Advaita Vedānta liberating-self-realization sense, given Mithila’s status as a center of Vedānta-literate Sanskrit scholarship. Relational, revealed, received knowledge of a personal God, not self-realization of one’s own inherent divinity.

Cast Into Tartarus

Approved rendering: अन्धकारमय गड्ढा (गहींर गर्तमे बन्न कएल गेल)
Transliteration: andhakāramaya gaḍḍhā (gahīnr gartame bann kael gel)
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: नरक, पाताल

NEW for 2 Peter. 2 Peter 2:4: the confinement of the sinning angels awaiting final judgment. NEVER नरक (Naraka, the karma-and-rebirth infernal realm administered by Yama) or पाताल (the Puranic nether-world of the nāgas) — both import a full alternative cosmology of temporary punishment followed by rebirth, foreign to the text’s point of a single, final, historical judgment. Use only this descriptive phrase, naming no local infernal realm.

Day Of The Lord

Approved rendering: प्रभुक दिन
Transliteration: prabhuk din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: प्रलय

NEW for 2 Peter. 2 Peter 3:10: the single, final day of divine reckoning, arriving like a thief, bringing destruction of the present heavens and earth and the birth of a new creation. Built directly on the fixed प्रभु root. MANDATORY translator note contrasting this linear, once-for-all day with प्रलय, the cyclical cosmic dissolution recurring at the close of every kalpa in Hindu cosmology, followed by a fresh cycle of सृष्टि.

High Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. 2 Peter 1:1 describes faith as ‘obtained’ (a gift received, not achieved) and 1:5 makes it the foundation of the virtue chain; भक्ति remains excluded for the same reason given in the baseline.

Grace

Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Frames both the letter’s greeting (1:2) and its closing exhortation to ‘grow in grace’ (3:18); this inclusio must render अनुग्रह identically at both occurrences.

Glory

Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Appears at the Transfiguration (1:3, 1:17) and in the closing doxology (3:18); avoid light-imagery terms that could conflate with Puranic divine-luster descriptions.

Holy

Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Describes the Transfiguration mountain (1:18), the OT prophets (1:21, 3:2), and the conduct expected while awaiting the Day of the Lord (3:11); holiness here derives from a one-time revelatory event or God’s own initiative, never ritual purity or enduring shrine-cult status.

Called

Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. In 2 Peter 1:3, ‘the one who called us by his own glory and excellence.‘

Calling

Approved rendering: बजाओल जाएब
Transliteration: bajāol jāeb
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Paired with ‘election’ in 2 Peter 1:10’s exhortation to ‘confirm your calling and election’ — diligence confirms, but does not create, the calling.

Election

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक चुनाव
Transliteration: parameśvarak cunāv
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत, प्रारब्ध

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. 2 Peter 1:10; never भाग्य/किस्मत/प्रारब्ध, especially given how embedded प्रारब्ध-style fatalism is in everyday Maithili religious speech.

Sin

Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. 2 Peter 1:9 (cleansing from ‘former sins’) and 2:14 (‘eyes full of adultery, insatiable for sin’); keep distinct from अशुद्धता throughout.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. 2 Peter 1:3 (‘his divine power has granted us all things’) and 1:16 (‘we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord’); never शक्ति given active regional Durga/Kali (Shakta) worship traditions.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल

Inherited from Romans package, but ELEVATED from Low to High risk for this curriculum: 2 Peter 1:19-21 makes this term (and its cognates) the doctrinal center of the core passage. Any segment combining this term with ‘carried along’ (φέρω) or ‘Scripture’ (γραφή) requires Human Theologian review regardless of the term’s own baseline rating. Distinct from भविष्यफल (astrological prediction).

Fellowship

Approved rendering: भागी
Transliteration: bhāgī
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता, समाज

Inherited from Romans package root (सङ्गति family), but ELEVATED from Low to High risk for this curriculum: in 2 Peter 1:4 this root uniquely describes believers as ‘partakers/sharers’ of the divine nature (θεία φύσις), directly feeding the book’s single highest-stakes doctrine. See ‘divine_nature’ entry below for the full compound and its mandatory translator note.

Knowledge

Approved rendering: ज्ञान
Transliteration: jñān
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue

NEW for 2 Peter. The non-intensified form of ἐπίγνωσις (1:5-6, 3:18), listed as one virtue among several added to faith. Same jñāna-mārga collision risk as full_knowledge at lower intensity; must be presented as one Christian virtue growing out of faith, never a stand-alone path to salvation.

Eternal

Approved rendering: अनन्त
Transliteration: ananta
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: सनातन

NEW for 2 Peter. Describes both the kingdom believers enter (1:11) and the day of the closing doxology (3:18). NEVER सनातन, Hinduism’s own self-designating term as ‘the eternal religion/order’ (Sanātana Dharma); अनन्त is the religiously unmarked Sanskrit-Hindi equivalent.

Godliness

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरपरायणता
Transliteration: parameśvar-parāyaṇtā
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: भक्ति

NEW for 2 Peter. Coined compound on the fixed परमेश्वर root plus the neutral compounding element -परायण (‘devoted to’). Renders εὐσέβεια (1:3, 1:6, 1:7, 3:11). NEVER भक्ति, which reframes godliness as devotional sentiment toward a chosen personal deity (iṣṭadevatā) among many, per the same logic already excluding भक्ति for ‘faith’ in the Romans baseline.

Virtue

Approved rendering: सद्गुण
Transliteration: sadguṇ
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: गुण (unqualified)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἀρετή — both God’s own excellence (1:3) and a quality believers add to faith (1:5). Avoid unqualified गुण, the technical Sāṃkhya term for the त्रिगुण (sattva, rajas, tamas), well known in Mithila’s Sanskrit scholarly circles; सद्गुण narrows the sense to ordinary moral virtue.

Love

Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: भक्ति-प्रेम (unqualified romantic-devotional register)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἀγάπη, capping the virtue chain of 1:5-7. प्रेम is the central word of Mithila’s own devotional literary heritage; Vidyapati’s celebrated Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa poetry saturates it with romantic/erotic bhakti connotations (śṛṅgāra rasa). Qualify as निःस्वार्थ प्रेम (‘selfless love’) wherever clarity requires distinguishing committed, others-directed covenant love from romantic devotional longing.

Corruption

Approved rendering: भ्रष्टता
Transliteration: bhraṣṭatā
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: शारीरिक क्षय (physical-decay-only reading)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders φθορά (1:4, 2:12, 2:19). Keep as a moral-relational category (corruption of character, alienation from God), not physical decay or ritual impurity (already reserved for अशुद्धता in the baseline).

False Teacher

Approved rendering: झूठा शिक्षक / झूठा भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: jhūṭhā śikṣak / jhūṭhā bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: गुरु

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ψευδοδιδάσκαλος/ψευδοπροφήτης (2:1). Built on the neutral educational word शिक्षक (teacher) and the already-fixed भविष्यद्वक्ता, deliberately NOT गुरु. गुरु carries near-inviolable guru-disciple lineage (paramparā) authority in regional religious culture, including Mithila’s own pandit lineages; labeling a गुरु ‘false’ would be read as an extraordinarily severe claim against the entire category of guru-authority rather than a specific teacher’s false doctrine.

Master

Approved rendering: स्वामी
Transliteration: svāmī
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: प्रभु (reserved exclusively for κύριος)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders δεσπότης (2:1), the absolute owner-master, denied by the false teachers, echoing the master-slave ownership imagery of 1:1. स्वामी was explicitly rejected in the Romans baseline as a rendering for κύριος; it is deliberately reintroduced here for this genuinely different Greek word denoting outright ownership. Translators must NOT conflate स्वामी with प्रभु — the distinction is a deliberate textual feature, not translator freedom.

Destruction

Approved rendering: विनाश
Transliteration: vināś
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: प्रलय-चक्रीय विनाश (cyclical-destruction reading)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἀπώλεια, recurring throughout chapters 2-3 (2:1, 2:3, 3:7, 3:16). Names final, eschatological ruin, not a this-worldly setback nor a stage within a repeating cosmic destruction-and-recreation cycle.

Judgment

Approved rendering: न्याय / दण्ड
Transliteration: nyāy / daṇḍa
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: न्याय-दर्शन (unqualified philosophical-school association)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders κρίμα/κρίσις (2:3, 2:4, 2:9, 3:7) as verdict (न्याय) or penalty (दण्ड) depending on context. न्याय also names Mithila’s historic Nyāya school of logic (the region’s Navya-Nyāya intellectual tradition); for the educated audience this curriculum names as primary, context must clarify God’s moral-legal verdict, not the philosophical darśana.

Patience Of God

Approved rendering: सहनशीलता
Transliteration: sahanśīltā
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: प्रारब्ध-आधारित विलंब (fatalistic delay idiom)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders μακροθυμία (3:9, 3:15), God’s active, purposive forbearance, giving opportunity for repentance. Must not be confused with the fatalistic, passive-waiting idiom common in everyday Maithili speech around karma/destiny. Keep distinct from धीरज (ὑπομονή, ch. 1) — two separate Maithili terms for two separate Greek concepts.

Repentance

Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: paścātāp
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित्त

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders μετάνοια (3:9), a decisive turning-around of one’s whole orientation toward God, the goal of God’s patient delay. NEVER प्रायश्चित्त, the standard Sanskrit-Hindu term for ritual expiation removing the karmic effect of a specific transgression — that word reframes repentance as a merit-generating ritual act rather than a Spirit-wrought reorientation received by grace.

Error

Approved rendering: भ्रम
Transliteration: bhram
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: माया

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders πλάνη (3:17), being led astray from sound apostolic teaching into false doctrine and immoral living. NEVER माया, the central Advaita Vedānta term for the cosmic illusion by which the phenomenal world appears distinct from the one underlying reality (Brahman) — a specific metaphysical doctrine, not a synonym for moral/doctrinal error.

Creation

Approved rendering: सृष्टि
Transliteration: sṛṣṭi
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: सृष्टि-स्थिति-प्रलय चक्रीय अर्थ (unqualified cyclical reading)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders κτίσις (3:4), invoked by scoffers claiming ‘all things are continuing as they were from the beginning of creation.’ सृष्टि is deeply embedded in Hindu cosmology as one phase of a repeating creation-preservation-dissolution cycle; ensure it here reads as God’s one historical act of origination, not one iteration within an impersonal repeating cycle — especially important since this occurrence is placed in the scoffers’ own mouths.

Elements

Approved rendering: आकाशीय पिण्ड
Transliteration: ākāśīya piṇḍa
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: तत्त्व (unqualified)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders στοιχεῖα (3:10, 3:12), the celestial bodies/elements dissolved with fire on the Day of the Lord. Avoid unqualified तत्त्व, heavily loaded in Sāṃkhya/Vedānta cosmology for the fundamental categories of reality (the 24-25 tattvas); use this descriptive astronomical phrase instead.

Scripture

Approved rendering: पवित्र शास्त्र
Transliteration: pavitra śāstra
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: शास्त्र (unqualified)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders γραφή (1:20, 3:16). शास्त्र alone is the generic Sanskrit-Hindi term for any authoritative treatise (Dharmaśāstra, Nyāyaśāstra, the Purāṇas), and Mithila is a historic center of Sanskrit śāstric scholarship. ALWAYS pair with पवित्र so Scripture is not placed as merely one treatise among the pandit tradition’s revered library.

Carried Along

Approved rendering: (पवित्र आत्माक द्वारा) चलाओल गेल
Transliteration: (pavitra ātmāk dvārā) calāol gel
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: प्रभावित भेल (weak ‘influenced’ sense), देवीय आवेश/trance-possession phrasing

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders φέρω/φερόμενοι (1:21), the key verb for verbal-plenary inspiration. Must be distinguished from both a weaker ‘guided/influenced’ sense (allowing room for human-only authorship) and from imagery resembling deity-possession/trance-oracle phenomena found in regional folk-religious practice (e.g. oracular possession at some Devi shrines). Means Spirit-directed human authorship producing exactly what God intended, not ecstatic loss of the author’s own faculties. Rendered as a full verb phrase, deliberately not a single terse verb.

Morning Star

Approved rendering: भोरक तारा
Transliteration: bhorak tārā
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: शुक्र

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders φωσφόρος (1:19). NEVER शुक्र (Śukra), the Sanskrit-Hindi name of the planet Venus, also the name of an actively venerated planetary deity (Śukra Graha) with its own weekly Friday devotional observance. Use this generic descriptive astronomical phrase instead.

Ungodly

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरहीन
Transliteration: parameśvarhīn
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मी

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἀσεβής (2:5, 2:6, 3:7), the opposite of εὐσέβεια (godliness). Coined compound deliberately avoiding अधर्मी (the धर्म root already excluded across the baseline for law/righteousness terms), consistent with the baseline’s general धर्म-avoidance convention.

Way Of Truth

Approved rendering: सत्यक मार्ग / धार्मिकताक मार्ग
Transliteration: satyak mārg / dhārmiktāk mārg
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: मार्ग (unqualified, allowing a pluralist ‘many paths’ reading)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας/δικαιοσύνης (2:2, 2:21). मार्ग evokes the region’s ‘many paths, one goal’ religious pluralism idiom (jñāna-mārga, bhakti-mārga, karma-mārga; sarva dharma sama bhāv). Translator notes must make the text’s own exclusive-way claim explicit rather than letting मार्ग read as one path among several equally valid ones.

Cleansing

Approved rendering: पापसँ धोयल जाएब
Transliteration: pāpsã̃ dhoyal jāeb
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders καθαρισμός (1:9), cleansing from one’s former sins. A verbal-phrase rendering deliberately avoiding शुद्धिकरण (already recorded as a rejected alternative for ‘sanctification’ in the Romans baseline) and ritual-purity vocabulary generally; must not be confused with संस्कार life-cycle purification rites.

Majestic Glory

Approved rendering: उच्च महिमावाला परमेश्वर
Transliteration: ucca mahimāvālā parameśvar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: mere descriptive clause lacking periphrastic-title force

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (1:17), a reverent circumlocution for God the Father, the source of the heavenly voice at the Transfiguration. Built on the fixed महिमा and परमेश्वर. Requires a translator note explaining the periphrastic-title convention (a reverent avoidance of directly naming God), otherwise translators may flatten this to a merely descriptive phrase and lose its force as a divine title.

Divine

Approved rendering: दिव्य
Transliteration: divya
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: दिव्य रूप (avatar-manifestation reading, unqualified)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders θεῖος, God’s own attribute, describing his ‘divine power’ (1:3) and ‘divine nature’ (1:4). दिव्य is widely used in Puranic/epic narrative for a deity or avatar’s divine radiance or divine form (divya rūp), e.g. Krishna’s divya rūp in the Bhagavad Gītā. Applied to God’s power/nature here, it must read unambiguously as God’s own attribute, not as one more instance of a deity manifesting splendor within an ongoing avatar-narrative pattern.

Medium Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित, गुरु

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. In 2 Peter 1:1 Peter pairs this with दास (‘servant and apostle’); both terms must keep their own established sense. गुरु is additionally excluded here (beyond the baseline’s पंडित exclusion) because chapter 2 introduces false teachers, and प्रेरित must stay clearly distinct from any guru-lineage authority register.

Peace

Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Opens (1:2) and closes (3:14) the letter’s peace theme; both occurrences must render identically.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक राष्ट्र

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. 2 Peter 1:11 combines this with अनन्त (‘eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’); sensitized by Mithila’s own historic identity as the kingdom of Raja Janak.

Dominion

Approved rendering: प्रभुत्व
Transliteration: prabhutva
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: प्रभु (conflating with κύριος), स्वामी (conflating with δεσπότης)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders κυριότης (2:10), a governing authority structure arrogantly despised by the false teachers. Built on the प्रभु root but must be kept distinct from both प्रभु itself and from स्वामी.

Bought

Approved rendering: मोल लेल
Transliteration: mol lel
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: उपलब्ध कराओल गेल (vague ‘provided for’)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἀγοράζω (2:1), the price-paid purchase of believers by the Master, denied by the false teachers. Preserves redemption-purchase imagery, consistent with the baseline’s note on छुटकारा for redemption in rescue-narrative contexts; must not be softened to a vague ‘provided for.‘

Heresy

Approved rendering: विनाशकारी मत
Transliteration: vināśkārī mat
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: पाषण्ड

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders αἵρεσις (2:1). Avoid पाषण्ड, the traditional term historically applied by orthodox Brahminical tradition to groups judged heterodox relative to Vedic orthodoxy (e.g. Buddhists, Jains) — a specific Vedic-orthodoxy insider/outsider framework foreign to the text’s own point about fidelity to apostolic teaching about Christ.

Slave

Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Christ’s Bondservant
Rejected alternatives: सेवक

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders δοῦλος — Peter’s own glad self-designation as Christ’s bondservant (1:1, a term of honor), later contrasted with those shamefully ‘slaves of corruption’ (2:19). Must NOT be softened to सेवक in either occurrence; the deliberate wordplay between glad bond-service to Christ and shameful slavery to corruption depends on using the same Maithili word for both statuses.

Freedom

Approved rendering: स्वतंत्रता
Transliteration: svatantratā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐλευθερία (2:19), the counterfeit libertine freedom promised by false teachers who are themselves enslaved to corruption. Distinguish from genuine salvific freedom from sin’s dominion.

Defilement

Approved rendering: अपवित्रता
Transliteration: apavitratā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ritual/ceremonial शुद्धता-based rendering

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders μιασμός/μίασμα (2:20), built as the direct opposite of the fixed पवित्र. Keep as moral defilement (worldly corruption reasserting itself), not ritual/ceremonial impurity in the region’s संस्कार sense.

Promise

Approved rendering: प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: pratijñā
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐπάγγελμα/ἐπαγγελία (1:4, 3:4, 3:9, 3:13). प्रतिज्ञा is also the standard word for a heroic personal vow in North Indian epic tradition (e.g. Bhīṣma’s pratijñā in the Mahābhārata). Context must always make clear this is God’s own sovereign guarantee, not a self-imposed vow undertaken by human resolve.

Trial

Approved rendering: परीक्षा
Transliteration: parīkṣā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders πειρασμός (2:9), the trial from which the Lord rescued righteous Lot. Also the ordinary word for an academic examination; context normally disambiguates, but pastoral clarity should be checked.

Majesty

Approved rendering: वैभव
Transliteration: vaibhav
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: प्रताप

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders μεγαλειότης (1:16), the visible splendor of Christ’s divine glory disclosed at the Transfiguration. Avoid प्रताप, which carries strong royal-dynastic overtones; given Mithila’s own historic self-identity as the ancient kingdom of Raja Janak, वैभव is the safer, less politically-loaded choice for divine majesty.

Holy Mountain

Approved rendering: पवित्र पहाड़
Transliteration: pavitra pahāṛ
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἅγιον ὄρος (1:18), the Mount of Transfiguration. Mithila’s religious landscape includes venerated sacred sites and pilgrimage mountains tied to specific deity-manifestation narratives; clarify this mountain’s holiness derives from a one-time revelatory event witnessed by named historical persons, not from an enduring cultic shrine-status.

Self Control

Approved rendering: संयम
Transliteration: sanyam
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐγκράτεια (1:6). Also a technical stage in Patañjali’s Yoga Sūtras (dhāraṇā-dhyāna-samādhi); a brief gloss (‘मन आ इच्छापर काबू’) is recommended on first use.

Steadfastness

Approved rendering: धीरज
Transliteration: dhīraj
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ὑπομονή (1:6). Keep distinct from सहनशीलता (μακροθυμία, ch. 3) — two separate Maithili terms for two separate Greek concepts.

Brotherly Love

Approved rendering: भाईचारा
Transliteration: bhāīcārā
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders φιλαδελφία (1:7). In a caste-and-lineage-conscious social setting (cf. Panjikaran concerns flagged in the baseline), must be clearly marked as spiritual kinship among all believers in Christ, not biological/caste/community solidarity.

Qualitatively New

Approved rendering: नव्य / नूतन
Transliteration: navya / nūtan
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: नयका (mere numerical newness)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders καινός (3:13), the ‘new’ heavens and new earth, new in kind/quality rather than merely another instance. Convey qualitative newness of a renewed created order, not merely ‘another one.‘

Spotless

Approved rendering: निष्कलंक
Transliteration: niṣkalaṅk
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध (ritual-purity register)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἄσπιλος/ἄμωμος (3:14), the blameless, unblemished state believers are urged to be found in at Christ’s coming. Use निष्कलंक/निर्दोष rather than शुद्ध, keeping the sense a moral-relational standing before God rather than ritual purity.

Grow

Approved rendering: बढ़ब
Transliteration: baṛhab
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders αὐξάνω (3:18), the letter’s closing exhortation to grow in grace and knowledge of Christ. Ensure it reads as ongoing, Spirit-enabled growth in relationship and character, not self-effort achievement disconnected from grace.

Commandment

Approved rendering: आज्ञा
Transliteration: ājñā
Doctrine: Faithful Reminder Ministry
Rejected alternatives: व्यवस्था (Mosaic Law conflation)

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐντολή (2:21, 3:2), the apostolic commandment of the Lord and Savior. Distinguish from व्यवस्था, the fixed ‘law’ term for the Mosaic Law corpus; ἐντολή here names a specific apostolic instruction, not that corpus.

Blaspheme

Approved rendering: निन्दा करब
Transliteration: nindā karab
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders βλασφημέω (2:2, 2:10, 2:12), the false teachers’ slander of the way of truth and of glorious/heavenly beings. Standard term.

Sensuality

Approved rendering: लम्पटता
Transliteration: lampaṭtā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἀσέλγεια (2:2, 2:7, 2:18), the licentious conduct of the false teachers, which many follow. Standard moral-vocabulary term.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी

Inherited from Romans package. Retained exactly. Named among ‘the holy prophets’ in 2 Peter 3:2; distinguish from ज्योतिषी (astrologer/fortune-teller).

Eyewitness

Approved rendering: प्रत्यक्षदर्शी
Transliteration: pratyakṣadarśī
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: mystery-cult ‘initiate seer’ register

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐπόπτης (1:16). Carries a neutral, empirical, courtroom-testimony connotation in Maithili, strengthening Peter’s own rhetorical contrast with fabricated myth. Minor risk only in ensuring it is not read as ‘merely one opinion among witnesses’ rather than authoritative testimony.

Scoffer

Approved rendering: उपहास करएबाला
Transliteration: upahās karaebālā
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐμπαίκτης (3:3), those who mock the promise of Christ’s coming in the last days. Standard descriptive term.

Stability

Approved rendering: स्थिरता
Transliteration: sthirtā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders στηριγμός (3:17), firm standing, which believers may lose if carried away by error. Standard term.

Interpretation

Approved rendering: निजी व्याख्या
Transliteration: nijī vyākhyā
Doctrine: The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἐπίλυσις (1:20), private/personal explanation, explicitly denied as the origin of prophecy. Standard term for personal explanation.

Tent Body

Approved rendering: नश्वर देह
Transliteration: naśvar deh
Doctrine: Faithful Reminder Ministry

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders σκήνωμα (1:13-14), Peter’s own mortal body, the ‘tent’ he is soon to put off. Gloss the tent-metaphor as ‘mortal body’ rather than translating ‘tent’ literally, since nomadic tent-dwelling is not a native Mithila image.

Departure

Approved rendering: प्रस्थान
Transliteration: prasthān
Doctrine: Faithful Reminder Ministry

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἔξοδος (1:15), a euphemism for death deliberately echoing the Exodus narrative. The Exodus resonance may be noted for teaching purposes.

Herald

Approved rendering: प्रचारक
Transliteration: pracārak
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders κῆρυξ (2:5), Noah described as ‘a herald of righteousness.’ Standard term.

Example

Approved rendering: उदाहरण
Transliteration: udāharaṇ
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ὑπόδειγμα (2:6), Sodom and Gomorrah made ‘an example’ to the ungodly. Standard term.

Rescue

Approved rendering: छोड़ाएब / बचाएब
Transliteration: choṛāeb / bacāeb
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ῥύομαι (2:7, 2:9), God’s rescue of righteous Lot. Standard rescue verb.

Wage

Approved rendering: प्रतिफल
Transliteration: pratiphal
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders μισθός (2:13, 2:15), Balaam’s love of the wages of wrongdoing. Standard term.

Honor

Approved rendering: सम्मान
Transliteration: sammān
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders τιμή (1:17), the honor conferred on the Son by the Father at the Transfiguration, paired with δόξα. Standard term.

Beloved

Approved rendering: प्रिय
Transliteration: priya
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders ἀγαπητός (1:17), the Father’s address to the Son. Always pair with पुत्र so as not to weaken the unique/eternal Sonship claim already Critical in the baseline.

Greed

Approved rendering: लोभ
Transliteration: lobh
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

NEW for 2 Peter. Renders πλεονεξία (2:3, 2:14), the false teachers’ greed, exploiting believers with false words. Standard term.

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