Core Glossary
2 Timothy Core Glossary — English ⇄ Greek ⇄ Maithili
This glossary covers every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all four chapters of 2 Timothy, including the core passage (3:14–4:5). Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked REUSED and must not be altered. Terms new to this curriculum are marked NEW and carry a provisional risk tier for confirmation in later Phase 1 steps.
Salvation & Gospel Doctrine Terms
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | सुसमाचार | High | REUSED | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:8, 1:10, 2:8 | Reuse baseline exactly; anchor term for the whole “transmission” doctrine. |
| 2 | Grace | χάρις (charis) | अनुग्रह | High | REUSED | Faithful Transmission; general soteriology | 1:2, 1:9 | Reuse baseline exactly; never कृपा/पुण्य in salvific sense. |
| 3 | Mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | दया | High | NEW | General soteriology; Assurance | 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 | New to this curriculum (absent from Romans’ grace-and-peace-only greeting). Must be distinguished from generic guru/deity कृपा invoked in regional bhakti address; here it is the one true God’s compassionate favor, closely paired with but distinct from अनुग्रह. |
| 4 | Faith | πίστις (pistis) | विश्वास | High | REUSED | Faith; Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:5, 3:15, 4:7 | Reuse baseline exactly; personal trust in Christ, not भक्ति-style devotional reverence. |
| 5 | Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | धार्मिकता | Critical | REUSED | Inspiration/Sufficiency of Scripture; Assurance of Reward | 3:16, 4:8 | Reuse baseline exactly; never धर्म/सतीत्व. |
| 6 | Salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | उद्धार | Critical | REUSED | Inspiration/Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:15 | Reuse baseline exactly; never मुक्ति/मोक्ष. |
| 7 | Crown of righteousness | στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης (stephanos tēs dikaiosynēs) | धार्मिकताक मुकुट | Critical | NEW | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Central “Assurance of Reward” term; must be sharply distinguished from कर्मफल (karma-earned reward) — this is a grace-enabled recognition of Spirit-worked faithfulness, awarded personally by the Lord, not an automatic cosmic payout. |
| 8 | Immortality | ἀφθαρσία (aphtharsia) | अमरता | High | NEW | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel (1:10) | 1:10 | Must be distinguished from the Vedantic doctrine of the ātman’s innate immortality; here immortality is a gift disclosed and secured through Christ’s gospel, not a pre-existing property of the soul. |
| 9 | Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | पश्चाताप | High | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine; general soteriology | 2:25 | Must be distinguished from ritual प्रायश्चित्त (self-performed penance/expiation); biblical repentance is a Spirit-worked inward change granted by God. |
Scripture & Doctrine Terms
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Sacred writings / Scripture | ἱερὰ γράμματα / γραφή (hiera grammata / graphē) | पवित्र शास्त्र / शास्त्र | High | NEW | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:15, 3:16 | Must be marked as God’s own uniquely authoritative, revealed writing, not placed alongside Vidyapati’s devotional poetry or Puranic literature which the region also reveres under adjacent vocabulary. |
| 11 | God-breathed | θεόπνευστος (theopneustos) | परमेश्वर-प्रेरित | Critical | NEW | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 | THE central inspiration term. Must be distinguished from (a) Vidyapati-style devotional poetic inspiration and (b) the Vedic apaurusheya doctrine (eternal, authorless scripture) — theopneustos asserts a personal God’s own breath producing specific historical writings through human authors. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence. |
| 12 | Sound teaching/doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousa didaskalia) | स्वस्थ शिक्षा | Critical | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 4:3; cf. also broader Pastoral usage | Central term for the doctrine’s namesake. “Healthy” must be understood metaphorically (doctrinal integrity/life-giving truth), not literally. |
| 13 | Teaching/doctrine | διδασκαλία / διδαχή (didaskalia / didachē) | शिक्षा | Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 3:10, 3:16, 4:2, 4:3 | General term; keep consistent across all occurrences for learner continuity. |
| 14 | Good deposit / entrusted trust | παραθήκη (parathēkē) | धरोहर | High | NEW | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:12, 1:14 | The gospel-message committed for safekeeping and future transmission — not a literal financial/material trust. Root-linked to “entrust” (#15). |
| 15 | Entrust | παρατίθημι (paratithēmi) | सौंपब | Medium | NEW | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:2 | Must remain visibly root-linked to धरोहर (#14) in Maithili so the transmission-chain doctrine (Paul→Timothy→faithful men→others) reads as one coherent image. |
| 16 | Faithful men | πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι (pistoi anthrōpoi) | विश्वासयोग्य मनुष्य | High | NEW | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:2 | Qualification for gospel transmission is faithfulness to Christ — explicitly NOT caste, Panjikaran-verified lineage, or Brahmin scholarly pedigree, a live regional sensitivity. |
| 17 | Word (of God/the message) | λόγος (logos) | वचन | Medium | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 2:9, 4:2 | Ensure the referent is traceable to God’s own revealed message, not confused with a guru’s own spoken teaching (guru-vacan), a familiar regional devotional category. |
| 18 | Rightly handling the word of truth | ὀρθοτομέω (orthotomeō) | सत्यक वचनकेँ सही ढंगसँ प्रस्तुत करब | Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:15 | Agricultural/road-cutting metaphor unlikely to transfer directly; render the sense with an explanatory note. |
| 19 | Firm foundation | στερεὸς θεμέλιος (stereos themelios) | दृढ़ नींव | Low-Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Assurance | 2:19 | Standard vocabulary; assurance that God’s purposes are not derailed by false teaching. |
| 20 | Books, parchments | βιβλία, μεμβράναι (biblia, membranai) | पोथी, चर्मपत्र | Low | NEW | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture (narrative reinforcement) | 4:13 | Material-culture detail reinforcing Paul’s devotion to Scripture even near death. |
Charge, Preaching & Ministry Terms
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | I solemnly charge | διαμαρτύρομαι (diamartyromai) | गम्भीरतापूर्वक आज्ञा देब | High | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:1 | Must carry the weight of a binding commission made with God/Christ as witnesses; requires the highest honorific verb register. |
| 22 | Preach | κηρύσσω (kēryssō) | प्रचार करब | High | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Reuses the प्रचार root from baseline “mission” (सुसमाचार प्रचार); authoritative public proclamation, not private conversation only. |
| 23 | Reprove / rebuke | ἐλέγχω / ἐπιτιμάω (elenchō / epitimaō) | दोष देखाएब / डाँटब | Low-Medium | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 3:16, 4:2 | Standard corrective vocabulary; register must remain pastoral. |
| 24 | Exhort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | उत्साहित करब | Low | REUSED | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Reuse baseline exactly; “building up” sense per baseline note. |
| 25 | Patience / longsuffering | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | धैर्य | Medium | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Must be kept distinct from perseverance/ὑπομονή (#31) — forbearance toward people vs. endurance under hardship. |
| 26 | Evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistēs) | सुसमाचार प्रचारक | Medium | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 | Reuses सुसमाचार + प्रचार roots; consistent with baseline “mission” term. |
| 27 | Ministry / service | διακονία (diakonia) | सेवकाई | High | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 | Risk of resonance with sevā, the central devotional-service category in regional Vaishnava/Shaiva bhakti practice; must be clarified as service to Christ’s church/mission, not ritual service to a deity’s image. |
| 28 | Man of God | ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ (anthrōpos tou theou) | परमेश्वरक जन | Medium | NEW | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:17 | जन echoes baseline पवित्र जन (saints); must be distinguished from a “god-man”/avatar figure — a human servant of God, not a divine incarnation. |
| 29 | Judge the living and the dead | κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς (krinein zōntas kai nekrous) | जीवित आ मृतकक न्याय करब | High | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word; Assurance of Reward | 4:1 | Personal, one-time divine tribunal at Christ’s return, not impersonal automatic कर्मफल across rebirths. |
| 30 | Righteous judge | δίκαιος κριτής (dikaios kritēs) | धर्मी न्यायकर्ता | Medium | NEW | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Reuses धर्मी from the baseline’s “justification” phrase for consistency. |
Perseverance, Suffering & Assurance Terms
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | Perseverance / endurance | ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω (hypomonē / hypomenō) | धीरज | High | NEW | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:10, 2:12, 3:10-11 | Must be distinguished from fatalistic acceptance of प्रारब्ध (fate/karma), paralleling the baseline’s providence/election guardrail. |
| 32 | Suffering / endure hardship | κακοπαθέω / πάσχω (kakopatheō / paschō) | दुःख भोगब / दुःख सहब | High | NEW | Perseverance under Suffering | 1:12, 2:9, 3:11, 4:5 | Suffering endured for the gospel’s sake, meaningful precisely because unmerited — not karmic consequence being worked off. |
| 33 | Persecution | διωγμός (diōgmos) | सतावट / उत्पीड़न | Medium | NEW | Perseverance under Suffering | 3:11, 3:12 | Standard vocabulary; ties to the historical, named example of Paul’s own suffering. |
| 34 | Assurance / God’s firm foundation | ὁ στερεὸς θεμέλιος (see #19) | दृढ़ नींव | Low-Medium | NEW | Assurance of Reward | 2:19 | See #19; assurance grounded in God’s unchanging faithfulness. |
| 35 | Deny / remain faithful | ἀρνέομαι / πιστὸς μένει (arneomai / pistos menei) | इनकार करब / विश्वासयोग्य रहब | High | NEW | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance | 2:12-13 | Assurance grounded in God’s unchanging character, not human performance; honorific verb required for God’s steadfastness. |
| 36 | Drink offering | σπένδομαι (spendomai) | पेय-बलिदान | High | NEW | Perseverance under Suffering | 4:6 | Deliberately avoids अर्घ्य/तर्पण (specific Hindu ritual libation terms); names Paul’s own metaphorical self-offering, not literal ritual practice. |
| 37 | Departure | ἀνάλυσις (analysis) | प्रस्थान | Medium | NEW | Assurance of Reward | 4:6 | Distinguish from the soul’s “departure” toward liberation from rebirth (मोक्ष framework); here it means going to be consciously with Christ. |
| 38 | Heavenly kingdom | ἐπουράνιος βασιλεία (epouranios basileia) | स्वर्गीय राज्य | High | NEW | Assurance of Reward | 4:18 | Distinguish from Hindu Svarga (a temporary, merit-earned heavenly realm within the rebirth cycle); this is God’s eternal, final dwelling with his people. |
Christology & Godhead Terms
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39 | Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | प्रभु | Critical | REUSED | throughout | 1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 2:24, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17-18 | Reuse baseline exactly; honorific verb agreement required in every occurrence. |
| 40 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | यीशु | Critical | REUSED | throughout | 1:1-2, 2:8, 4:1 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 41 | Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | ख्रीष्ट | Critical | REUSED | throughout | throughout | Reuse baseline transliteration standard (ख्रीष्ट) alongside मसीह for the Messiah-concept. |
| 42 | God | θεός (theos) | परमेश्वर | Critical | REUSED | throughout | throughout | Reuse baseline exactly; never भगवान/ईश्वर. |
| 43 | Father | πατήρ (patēr) | पिता | Critical | REUSED | 1:2 | 1:2 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 44 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | REUSED | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:14 | Reuse baseline exactly; never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा. |
| 45 | Resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | REUSED | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:8, 2:18 | Reuse baseline exactly; never पुनर्जन्म. Note: 2:18 uses this term within a description of the Hymenaeus/Philetus FALSE teaching — grammar must clearly mark this as the error condemned. |
| 46 | Seed of David | σπέρμα Δαυίδ (sperma Dauid) | दाऊदक वंशसँ | High | REUSED | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:8 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 47 | David | Δαυίδ (Dauid) | दाऊद | Medium | REUSED | — | 2:8 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 48 | Appearing | ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia) | प्रकटन | Critical | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word; Assurance of Reward | 1:10, 4:1, 4:8 | Parallels baseline’s Critical risk on देहधारण (incarnation); must be distinguished from cyclical avatar-descent — Christ’s appearing is once-accomplished (1:10) and once-yet-future (4:1, 4:8), never repeating. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence. |
| 49 | Glory | δόξα (doxa) | महिमा | High | REUSED | Assurance of Reward (doxology) | 2:10, 4:18 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 50 | Godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | ईश्वरभक्ति | Critical | NEW | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:5, 3:12 | Highest cultural-collision risk in this book. Must be distinguished from generic regional Vaishnava/Shaiva bhakti devotion; 3:5’s critique targets hollow, powerless religious form of any kind, not devotional practice as such. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence. |
| 51 | Power (of God) | δύναμις (dynamis) | सामर्थ्य | High | REUSED | Apostasy and False Teachers; The Charge to Preach the Word | 1:7, 1:8, 3:5 | Reuse baseline exactly; never शक्ति (Shakta-goddess association). |
Apostasy & False Teaching Terms
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52 | Last days | ἔσχαται ἡμέραι (eschatai hēmerai) | अन्तिम दिन | Critical | NEW | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:1 | Must be distinguished from the cyclical Kali Yuga end-time/renewal framework; biblical “last days” is linear and unrepeatable, already inaugurated by Christ’s first appearing. |
| 53 | Myths | μῦθοι (mythoi) | मनगढ़ंत कथा | Critical | NEW | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:4 | Must not gesture toward the region’s own revered narrative tradition (Ramayana/Puranic kathā, Vidyapati poetry); names self-interested human fabrication specifically. |
| 54 | Itching ears | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν (knēthomenoi tēn akoēn) | कान खुजाएब (नव सुनबाक लालसा) | Medium | NEW | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:3 | Idiom; find natural Maithili equivalent for craving novelty rather than a confusing literal calque. |
| 55 | Turn away / turn aside | ἀποστρέφω / ἐκτρέπω (apostrephō / ektrepō) | मुँह फेरब / भटकि जाएब | High | NEW | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 4:4 | The semantic core of apostasy in this passage; must read as decisive, willful turning, not passive drift. |
| 56 | Form of godliness | μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας (morphōsis eusebeias) | भक्तिक बाहरी रूप | Critical | NEW | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:5 | See #50 (godliness); compound phrase requires its own translator note distinguishing hollow religious form from Spirit-empowered devotion. |
| 57 | Evil people, impostors | πονηροί, γόητες (ponēroi, goētes) | दुष्ट लोक, छलिया | Medium | NEW | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:13 | γόης (“sorcerer/impostor”) risks over-literal rendering evoking folk-magic practitioners; keep focus on religious deception. |
| 58 | Sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | पाप | High | REUSED | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:6 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 59 | Devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | शैतान | Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:26 | Standard transliterated Christian term; keep distinct from folk bhoot-pret evil-spirit categories through consistent, exclusive usage. |
| 60 | Vessel (for honor/dishonor) | σκεῦος (skeuos) | पात्र | Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:20-21 | Risk of resonance with ritual-vessel purification (puja practice); use पवित्रीकृत (reusing REUSED पवित्र/पवित्रीकरण) rather than शुद्ध. |
| 61 | Sanctification / sanctified | ἁγιασμός / ἡγιασμένον (hagiasmos / hēgiasmenon) | पवित्रीकरण / पवित्रीकृत | High | REUSED | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:21 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 62 | Depart from iniquity | ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας (apostētō apo adikias) | अधार्मिकतासँ दूर रहब | Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:19 | Rendered as negation of established धार्मिकता root rather than अधर्म (already rejected for “sin” in baseline) or अन्याय, for glossary consistency. |
Church, Calling & Vocational Terms
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Maithili Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Rationale / Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | प्रेरित | Medium | REUSED | — | 1:1, 1:11 | Reuse baseline exactly; never पंडित. |
| 64 | Called / calling / holy calling | κλητός / κλῆσις (klētos / klēsis) | बजाओल / बजाओल जाएब | High | REUSED | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:9 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 65 | Holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | पवित्र | High | REUSED | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:9 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 66 | Elect / chosen | ἐκλεκτοί (eklektoi) | चुनल गेल (लोक) | High | REUSED | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:10 | Reuse baseline concept (परमेश्वरक चुनाव root) exactly. |
| 67 | Gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē) | अन्यजाति | Medium | REUSED | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:17 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 68 | Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | शान्ति | Medium | REUSED | — | 1:2 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 69 | Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία-family (eucharist-) | धन्यवाद | Low | REUSED | — | 1:3 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 70 | Faithful saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (pistos ho logos) | ई वचन विश्वासयोग्य अछि | Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:11 | Reuses वचन + विश्वास roots; keep the formulaic quality consistent wherever it recurs. |
| 71 | Gentleness | πραΰτης (prautēs) | नम्रता | Low | NEW | The Charge to Preach the Word | 2:25 | Standard vocabulary; low collision risk. |
| 72 | Snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου (pagis tou diabolou) | शैतानक जाल | Medium | NEW | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:26 | See #59 (devil); the devil as personal, malicious deceiver. |
Coverage Confirmation
- Chapter 1 — new/reused terms captured: mercy, holy calling, grace before the ages, appeared/manifested, abolished death, immortality, preacher/apostle/teacher, suffering, guard the deposit, Holy Spirit indwelling, spirit of power/love/self-control. Fully covered above.
- Chapter 2 — new/reused terms captured: entrust, faithful men, soldier/athlete/farmer, gospel summary (resurrection + seed of David), word not bound, endure for the elect’s sake, trustworthy saying, deny/faithful, rightly handling the word, irreverent babble/gangrene, resurrection-already-past error, firm foundation, depart from iniquity, vessel for honor, flee youthful passions, gentle servant, repentance granted, snare of the devil. Fully covered above.
- Chapter 3 — core passage (3:14–end) fully covered in
07_semantic_analysis.mdPart A; remainder (3:1–13) new/reused terms captured: last days, perilous times, vice list (lovers of self/money/pleasure), form of godliness, always learning never arriving at truth, persecutions at Antioch/Iconium/Lystra, all who desire godly life will be persecuted, evil people/impostors. Fully covered above. - Chapter 4 — core passage (4:1–5) fully covered in
07_semantic_analysis.mdPart A; remainder (4:6–22) new/reused terms captured: drink offering, departure, fought-fight/finished-race/kept-faith, crown of righteousness, righteous Judge, loved his appearing, Demas/loved this world, Lord stood by me/Gentiles might hear, rescued from lion’s mouth, heavenly kingdom, closing doxology, Alexander/repay according to deeds, books and parchments. Fully covered above.
No chapter of 2 Timothy is without load-bearing theological vocabulary; every chapter is represented above with full field treatment, consistent with full-book coverage requirements.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never धर्म or सतीत्व. In 2 Timothy the ethical-formation sense at 3:16 (‘training in righteousness’) and the forensic/reward sense underlying 4:8’s crown_of_righteousness are two connected expressions of the same reality, not competing meanings — both must use this exact rendering.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER मुक्ति or मोक्ष. Occurs at 2 Timothy 3:15: the sacred writings ‘make you wise for salvation through faith that is in Christ Jesus’ — deliverance by a personal God, not release from the rebirth cycle.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Requires consistent honorific verb agreement (छथि-family) in every occurrence throughout 2 Timothy: 1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 2:24, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17-18.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ईसा (Muslim/Urdu-influenced usage). Used throughout 2 Timothy, e.g. 1:1-2, 2:8, 4:1.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never भगवान/ईश्वर. Invoked as witness to Paul’s solemn charge at 2 Timothy 4:1 (‘in the presence of God and Christ Jesus’) — requires the highest honorific register.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father, in the 2 Timothy 1:2 greeting formula.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा. Occurs at 2 Timothy 1:14: ‘by the Holy Spirit who dwells within us’ — the personal Spirit enabling faithful guarding of the entrusted gospel; requires honorific verb form (छथि).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Occurs at 2 Timothy 2:8 (true doctrine: ‘Jesus Christ, risen from the dead’). Also occurs at 2:18 INSIDE the description of the Hymenaeus/Philetus false teaching (‘the resurrection has already happened’) — surrounding Maithili grammar must unmistakably mark 2:18 as the condemned error, never as an assertion of Pauline doctrine.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masīh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Inherited from Romans package. The Anointed One fulfilling a specific OT promise, never one of Mithila’s own avatar-figures. Used in 2 Timothy alongside the proper-name form ख्रीष्ट (see new entry ‘christ’) whenever the fulfilled-promise concept itself, not merely the name, is in view.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकट
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER अवतार. Retained here as the background doctrine for 2 Timothy’s own Critical-risk term ‘appearing’ (प्रकटन, epiphaneia at 1:10, 4:1, 4:8): both guard against Christ’s unique, once-for-all self-disclosure being assimilated to Mithila’s own repeatable avatar-descent narrative.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकताक मुकुट
Transliteration: dhārmiktāk mukuṭ
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफल, फल, अर्जित प्रतिफल
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. THE central term for ‘Assurance of Reward’ (2 Timothy 4:8). Must be sharply distinguished from कर्मफल, the region’s dominant automatic reward-for-conduct framework operating impersonally across rebirths; this crown is the Lord’s gracious, personal recognition of Spirit-enabled faithfulness, awarded once at his appearing. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence. मुकुट (‘crown’) is safe standing alone, drawing on Mithila’s own Janak-dynasty royal vocabulary without collision.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर-प्रेरित
Transliteration: parameśvar-prerit
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: प्रेरित (alone), वाणी, अपौरुषेय जकाँ (apaurusheya-like)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
NEW. THE central Inspiration term, rendering theopneustos at 2 Timothy 3:16 — the single highest-stakes new term in this book alongside godliness, last_days, and myths. Must be distinguished on two fronts: (1) from the devotional/poetic inspiration regionally attributed to Vidyapati’s compositions, revered but never claimed as God’s own speech; (2) from the Vedic apaurusheya doctrine (the Vedas as eternal, uncreated, authorless sound) — theopneustos asserts a personal God’s own breath producing specific historical writings through named human authors at a point in time, a categorically different claim. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence. Compound coinage; treat as a fixed technical term, never varied for style.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: स्वस्थ शिक्षा
Transliteration: svasth śikṣā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: सत्य शिक्षा, नीक शिक्षा
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Scripture
NEW. Namesake term for ‘Guarding Sound Doctrine,’ rendering hygiainousa didaskalia at 2 Timothy 4:3 (and implied throughout ch.1-2). स्वस्थ’s overwhelming everyday register is physical health, risking a misreading as ‘hygienic teaching methods’ or a wellness slogan; a mandatory translator note at first occurrence (4:3) must gloss it explicitly as ‘doctrinally healthy, life-giving teaching.’ Do not substitute सत्य शिक्षा as a synonym — this would fracture consistency across the doctrine.
Appearing
Approved rendering: प्रकटन
Transliteration: prakaṭan
Doctrine: Final Appearing and Judgment of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतरण, प्राकट्य (both avatar-adjacent)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
NEW. Renders epiphaneia at 2 Timothy 1:10 (already-accomplished first appearing), 4:1, and 4:8 (still-future final appearing). Parallels the baseline’s Critical risk on देहधारण (incarnation); must be explicitly distinguished from the cyclical avatar-descent pattern in which a deity periodically manifests across yugas and later withdraws, only to return in a future cycle. Christ’s appearing is unique and non-repeating across all three occurrences. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence, with the once/future distinction between 1:10 and 4:1/4:8 made explicit.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ईश्वरभक्ति
Transliteration: īśvarbhakti
Doctrine: Genuine Godliness versus Hollow Religion
Rejected alternatives: भक्ति (alone), धर्मपरायणता, पूजा-पाठ
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders eusebeia at 2 Timothy 3:5, 3:12. The single most delicate cultural-collision risk in this book: ईश्वरभक्ति sits one syllable from भक्ति, the region’s most emotionally resonant Vaishnava/Shaiva devotional category. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence clarifying that (a) genuine godliness names Spirit-empowered devotion to the true God specifically, distinct from generic regional bhakti to Ram/Krishna/Shiva, and (b) 3:5’s critique targets hollow, powerless religious form of any kind, not devotional practice as such.
Form Of Godliness
Approved rendering: भक्तिक बाहरी रूप
Transliteration: bhaktik bāhrī rūp
Doctrine: Genuine Godliness versus Hollow Religion
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders morphōsis eusebeias at 2 Timothy 3:5: ‘having a form of godliness but denying its power.’ Compound phrase built on the godliness collision risk above; requires its own translator note distinguishing hollow religious form from genuine Spirit-empowered devotion, never intended as commentary on regional devotional practice as a category.
Last Days
Approved rendering: अन्तिम दिन
Transliteration: antim din
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: कलियुग
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders eschatai hēmerai at 2 Timothy 3:1. कलियुग is the single most available and most tempting near-neighbor in ordinary Maithili religious speech, but names one stage within an endlessly repeating four-yuga cosmic cycle ended by the next avatar’s descent, the opposite theological shape from 2 Timothy’s linear, unrepeatable ‘last days,’ already inaugurated by Christ’s first appearing and ending in final judgment, not renewal-and-repeat. Mandatory translator note required at first occurrence explicitly naming and rejecting the cyclical-renewal reading.
Myths
Approved rendering: मनगढ़ंत कथा
Transliteration: managaṛhant kathā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: कथा (alone), पुराण-कथा
Original: μῦθοι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders mythoi at 2 Timothy 4:4. The single highest cultural-collision-risk lexical choice in this book: Mithila’s own revered narrative tradition (Ramayana, Puranic kathā, Vidyapati’s devotional poetry) is ordinarily called kathā in Maithili religious speech. मनगढ़ंत कथा (‘invented/fabricated tale’) is chosen specifically to signal fabrication-by-a-self-interested-human-teacher, never to gesture at any regional textual tradition. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence; never substitute कथा alone.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW key (not separately listed in the baseline Romans TM, which records only ‘messiah’ → मसीह). Established North Indian Bible-translation form for the proper name/title used throughout 2 Timothy as part of the compound ‘Christ Jesus.’ Use ख्रीष्ट as the proper name in running text; use मसीह [inherited — Romans TM] specifically when the fulfilled Messianic-promise concept itself is in view (e.g., discussions of OT fulfillment). Keep both forms functionally distinct, never interchangeable by whim.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācār
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: नीक खबर, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Sanskrit tatsama term retained because it is already the rendering used in the limited existing Maithili Scripture portions; नीक खबर is too casual for a proclaimed, doctrinally weighty message. In 2 Timothy this is the anchor term for ‘Faithful Transmission of the Gospel’ (1:8, 1:10, 2:8) — the message entrusted to Paul, then Timothy, then faithful men, then others.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor apart from human merit, countering the karma-merit worldview. In 2 Timothy 1:9 (‘grace given us before the ages began, not because of our works’) the eternal, pre-temporal origin clause must reinforce, not dilute, this unmerited character. Resist the Sita-modeled achieved-virtue illustration exactly as in the baseline.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically, not भक्ति’s Ram-Sita/Shiva devotional reverence. Recurs at 2 Timothy 1:5 (Timothy’s inherited faith), 3:15 (‘faith in Christ Jesus’), and 4:7 (‘kept the faith’). Also the root shared with the new term assured_convinced (3:14).
Called
Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल
Inherited from Romans package. Native verb बजाएब rather than Sanskrit-borrowed आमंत्रित. Occurs at 2 Timothy 1:9: God ‘called us to a holy calling… not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace’ — sovereign summons, not karma-determined destiny.
Calling
Approved rendering: बजाओल जाएब
Transliteration: bajāol jāeb
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Inherited from Romans package. Noun-phrase form for the act/state of being called, at 2 Timothy 1:9 (‘holy calling’).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God, morally pure; avoid शुद्ध’s ritual-purity/Panjikaran-adjacent connotation. Occurs at 2 Timothy 1:9 (‘holy calling’).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण, संस्कार
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιασμένον
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Distinct from संस्कार purification rites and Panjikaran lineage-purity concerns. Occurs at 2 Timothy 2:21 (the vessel ‘sanctified, useful to the master, ready for every good work’).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदक वंशसँ
Transliteration: Dāūdak vanśasã̃
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2 Timothy 2:8, part of Paul’s gospel summary: ‘Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, offspring of David.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Avoid light-imagery terms conflating with Puranic divine-luster narrative. Occurs at 2 Timothy 2:10 (obtaining salvation ‘with eternal glory’) and 4:18 (closing doxology, ‘to him be the glory forever and ever’).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never शक्ति (Shakta-goddess association). Occurs at 2 Timothy 1:7 (‘spirit of power, love, and self-control’), 1:8, and 3:5 (false godliness ‘denying its power’).
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God. Occurs at 2 Timothy 3:6, among the traits of last-days false teachers who prey on those ‘burdened with sins.‘
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक चुनाव
Transliteration: parameśvarak cunāv
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत, प्रारब्ध
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign personal choice, never प्रारब्ध. Root basis for the new derived term ‘elect’ (चुनल गेल लोक) at 2 Timothy 2:10.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Grace and Mercy
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, अनुकम्पा
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW to this curriculum (absent from Romans’ grace-and-peace-only greeting). Added to the 2 Timothy 1:2 greeting formula (grace, mercy, peace) and shown to Onesiphorus and Paul at 1:16, 1:18. Must be distinguished from the generic कृपा/दया routinely petitioned from Krishna, Shiva, or Durga in regional bhakti address; names the one true, personal God’s compassionate favor, paired with but distinct from अनुग्रह (grace).
Assured Convinced
Approved rendering: दृढ़ विश्वास भेल
Transliteration: dṛḍh biswas bhel
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: निश्चय भेल (unlinked to विश्वास root), जानि लेल
Original: ἐπιστώθης (πιστόω)
Category: Faith
NEW. Renders epistōthēs (2 Timothy 3:14, ‘the things you learned and were assured of’). Shares the same root-family as विश्वास (faith); must be rendered so the etymological link is visible in Maithili, reinforcing that Timothy’s assurance is relational trust in a trustworthy source, not mere information.
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: paścātāp
Doctrine: Repentance Granted by God
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित्त
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
NEW. Occurs at 2 Timothy 2:25: ‘God may perhaps grant them repentance.’ Must be distinguished from प्रायश्चित्त, the ritual penance/expiation act a person performs in regional Hindu practice to atone for wrongdoing; biblical repentance here is explicitly something God grants (देथिन), a Spirit-worked inward change, not a self-performed ritual.
Scripture
Approved rendering: पवित्र शास्त्र
Transliteration: pavitra śāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: शास्त्र (alone), वाणी
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα / γραφή
Category: Scripture
NEW. Occurs at 2 Timothy 3:15 (hiera grammata, ‘sacred writings’) and underlies 3:16 (graphē, ‘all Scripture’). शास्त्र alone risks conflation with the region’s own शास्त्र-adjacent devotional corpus (Vidyapati’s poetry, Puranic literature, Dharmashastra); पवित्र शास्त्र must be marked as God’s own uniquely authoritative, revealed writing. वाणी is rejected because it risks assimilation to guru-vacan or Vedavani, both considered locally apaurusheya (eternal, authorless).
Good Deposit
Approved rendering: धरोहर
Transliteration: dharohar
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: जमानत, अमानत
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. Renders parathēkē at 2 Timothy 1:12, 1:14 — the gospel-message committed for safekeeping and future faithful transmission. Must be read as the gospel-message entrusted, never a literal financial/material trust (though धरोहर’s everyday sense is a family heirloom/property, a risk to watch). Root-linked to ‘entrust’ (सौंपब) so the multi-generational transmission-chain image (Paul→Timothy→faithful men→others, 2:2) reads as one coherent picture.
Faithful Men
Approved rendering: विश्वासयोग्य मनुष्य
Transliteration: biswasyogya manuṣya
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: गुरु-शिष्य परम्पराक योग्य लोक (guru-disciple-lineage-qualified people)
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. Renders pistoi anthrōpoi at 2 Timothy 2:2. Qualification for receiving and transmitting the gospel is trustworthiness in Christ — explicitly NOT caste standing, Panjikaran-verified lineage, or Brahmin scholarly pedigree, a direct and sensitive challenge to the region’s genealogy-conscious social structure. The guru-shishya parampara framing must never be used even informally as an ‘explanatory bridge,’ as it imports a competing lineage-verified authority framework.
Solemnly Charge
Approved rendering: गम्भीरतापूर्वक आज्ञा देब
Transliteration: gambhīratāpūrvak ājñā deb
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: निवेदन करब (a mere request)
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders diamartyromai at 2 Timothy 4:1 — a binding commission made ‘in the presence of God and Christ Jesus’ as witnesses. Anchors ‘The Charge to Preach the Word.’ No single Maithili verb conveys this weight; the compound paraphrase must be rendered with the highest honorific verb register throughout 4:1-2 given these divine witnesses.
Preach
Approved rendering: प्रचार करब
Transliteration: pracār karab
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: उपदेश देब (pandit/guru formal discourse)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders kēryssō at 2 Timothy 4:2, the central imperative of the charge. Reuses the प्रचार root from the baseline’s सुसमाचार प्रचार (‘mission’). उपदेश देब is rejected because it carries strong pre-existing associations with a Brahmin pandit’s or ascetic guru’s formal religious discourse delivered from ritual/caste authority; प्रचार करब retains the sense of authoritative public proclamation without importing that authority-structure.
Ministry
Approved rendering: सेवकाई
Transliteration: sevakāī
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: सेवा (alone; temple/deity/guru sevā)
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders diakonia at 2 Timothy 4:5: ‘fulfill your ministry.’ सेवकाई is the only natural Maithili word available but risks resonance with sevā, the central devotional-service category in regional Vaishnava/Shaiva bhakti practice (temple/deity worship). Mandatory translator note required at 4:5 clarifying this is service rendered to Christ’s church and gospel mission, never ritual service to a deity’s image.
Judge Living And Dead
Approved rendering: जीवित आ मृतकक न्याय करब
Transliteration: jīvit ā mṛtakak nyāya karab
Doctrine: Final Appearing and Judgment of Christ
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफल-लेखा (automatic karmic accounting)
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders krinein zōntas kai nekrous at 2 Timothy 4:1, invoked as the solemn context of the charge. Must be a personal, one-time divine tribunal at Christ’s return, never the impersonal, automatic reckoning of कर्मफल across cycles of rebirth; a distinguishing translator note is required.
Perseverance
Approved rendering: धीरज
Transliteration: dhīraj
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: प्रारब्ध-स्वीकृति (fatalistic acceptance of karma-determined fate)
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Renders hypomonē / hypomenō at 2 Timothy 2:10, 2:12, 3:10-11. Must be distinguished from fatalistic acceptance of प्रारब्ध; every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence should sit within syntax making the object of endurance explicit (‘for the elect’s sake,’ ‘for the gospel’) so the fatalistic reading is foreclosed by context.
Suffering
Approved rendering: दुःख भोगब / दुःख सहब
Transliteration: dukh bhogab / dukh sahab
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफल भुगतब (working off karmic consequence)
Original: κακοπαθέω / πάσχω
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Renders kakopatheō / paschō at 2 Timothy 1:12, 2:9, 3:11, 4:5. Suffering is endured specifically for the gospel’s sake, meaningful precisely because it is unmerited — not karmic consequence being worked off, paralleling the baseline’s grace/merit distinction.
Deny And Remain Faithful
Approved rendering: इनकार करब / विश्वासयोग्य रहब
Transliteration: inkār karab / biswasyogya rahab
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness Amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: ἀρνέομαι / πιστὸς μένει
Category: Assurance
NEW. Renders arneomai / pistos menei at 2 Timothy 2:12-13: ‘if we deny him, he will deny us; … he remains faithful.’ Assurance is grounded in God’s unchanging character, not human performance; the honorific verb form (छथि) is required when describing God’s steadfastness.
Drink Offering
Approved rendering: पेय-बलिदान
Transliteration: pey-balidān
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: अर्घ्य, तर्पण
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Renders spendomai at 2 Timothy 4:6: ‘I am already being poured out as a drink offering.’ Deliberately avoids अर्घ्य/तर्पण, specific Hindu ritual libation terms (including ancestor-offering tarpan), to prevent this from being read as endorsement of, or literal reference to, regional libation ritual; names Paul’s own metaphorical self-offering describing his approaching death.
Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: स्वर्गीय राज्य
Transliteration: svargīya rājya
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्ग (alone)
Original: ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Renders hē basileia hē epouranios at 2 Timothy 4:18. Distinguished from Hindu Svarga, a temporary, merit-earned heavenly realm within the ongoing rebirth cycle; this heavenly kingdom is God’s eternal, final dwelling with his people, entered once and permanently. Reuses राज्य root from the baseline’s kingdom_of_god.
Turn Away
Approved rendering: मुँह फेरब / भटकि जाएब
Transliteration: mũh pherab / bhaṭaki jāeb
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποστρέφω / ἐκτρέπω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders apostrephō / ektrepō at 2 Timothy 4:4. This verb pair IS the semantic core of apostasy in this passage; must read as decisive, willful turning, not passive drift, and should be kept terminologically distinct from ordinary ‘wandering’ in non-doctrinal contexts.
Elect
Approved rendering: चुनल गेल (लोक)
Transliteration: cunal gel (lok)
Doctrine: Effectual Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यशाली, प्रारब्ध-चुनल (fate-selected)
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
NEW derived form built on the baseline’s ‘election’ concept (परमेश्वरक चुनाव). Renders eklektoi at 2 Timothy 2:10: those for whose salvation Paul endures suffering. Must not be rendered with a term for impersonal fate, luck, or karma-determined destiny (प्रारब्ध).
Immortality
Approved rendering: अमरता
Transliteration: amaratā
Doctrine: Immortality and the Abolition of Death
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders aphtharsia at 2 Timothy 1:10: deathless, imperishable life brought to light through the gospel. Must be distinguished from the Vedantic doctrine of the ātman’s inherent, innate immortality (the soul as by nature deathless, requiring only realization/liberation); here immortality is a gift disclosed and secured through Christ’s gospel and resurrection victory, not a pre-existing property of the soul.
Abolished Death
Approved rendering: मृत्युकेँ निष्फल कएल
Transliteration: mṛtyukẽ niṣphal kael
Doctrine: Immortality and the Abolition of Death
Original: καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders katargēsantos ton thanaton at 2 Timothy 1:10. Ties to resurrection [inherited — पुनरुत्थान]; must be read as a completed, once-for-all historical victory over death, not a recurring mythic combat between a deity and death repeated across ages, as in some regional Puranic narrative patterns.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never पंडित (Panjikaran-lineage custodian). Occurs at 2 Timothy 1:1 and 1:11 in Paul’s self-description as ‘apostle, preacher, and teacher.‘
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Proper name, follows established North Indian Bible-translation form; referenced via Christ’s Davidic lineage at 2 Timothy 2:8.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2 Timothy 4:17: ‘…so that… all the Gentiles might hear.‘
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the 2 Timothy 1:2 greeting formula (grace, mercy, peace), not the domestic-harmony Sita-Ram ideal.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक राष्ट्र
Inherited from Romans package. Distinguished from a political/dynastic kingdom, sensitive given Mithila’s own Janak-kingdom identity. Root basis for the new compound ‘heavenly_kingdom’ (स्वर्गीय राज्य) at 2 Timothy 4:18, and underlies 4:1’s ‘his kingdom.‘
Teaching
Approved rendering: शिक्षा
Transliteration: śikṣā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Doctrine
NEW. General term for didaskalia/didachē, used at 2 Timothy 3:10, 3:16, 4:2, 4:3. Keep rendering consistent across all occurrences for learner continuity; distinct from the fixed compound स्वस्थ शिक्षा (sound doctrine).
Rightly Handling The Word
Approved rendering: सत्यक वचनकेँ सही ढंगसँ प्रस्तुत करब
Transliteration: satyak vacankẽ sahī ḍhaṅgasã̃ prastut karab
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: सीधा रस्ता काटब (literal calque of ‘cutting a straight path’)
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders orthotomeō at 2 Timothy 2:15. The agricultural/road-cutting metaphor does not transfer naturally into Maithili; render the sense (careful, accurate handling of Scripture without distortion) plainly, with an explanatory note available to teachers rather than a literal image-for-image calque.
Faithful Saying
Approved rendering: ई वचन विश्वासयोग्य अछि
Transliteration: ī vacan biswasyogya achi
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness Amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders the recurring Pastoral Epistles formula pistos ho logos at 2 Timothy 2:11 (‘if we have died with him, we will also live with him…’). Reuses वचन and विश्वास roots; keep the formulaic quality consistent wherever this marker recurs across the Pastoral corpus.
Firm Foundation
Approved rendering: दृढ़ नींव
Transliteration: dṛḍh nīnv
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness Amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: ὁ στερεὸς θεμέλιος
Category: Assurance
NEW. Renders ho stereos themelios at 2 Timothy 2:19: ‘God’s firm foundation stands.’ Standard vocabulary; grounds assurance that God’s purposes are not derailed by the spread of false teaching.
Entrust
Approved rendering: सौंपब
Transliteration: saumpab
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: παρατίθημι
Category: Gospel Transmission
NEW. Renders paratithēmi at 2 Timothy 2:2: ‘what you have heard from me… entrust to faithful men.’ Must remain visibly root-linked to धरोहर (good_deposit) in Maithili so the transmission-chain doctrine reads as one coherent image, not two unrelated ideas.
Word
Approved rendering: वचन
Transliteration: vacan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: गुरु-वचन (a guru’s own teaching-utterance)
Original: λόγος
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders logos at 2 Timothy 2:9, 4:2. Must remain syntactically traceable to God’s own revealed message (परमेश्वरक/यीशुक वचन); guard against confusion with guru-vacan, a familiar regional devotional category with a different authority source.
Reprove Rebuke
Approved rendering: दोष देखाएब / डाँटब
Transliteration: doṣ dekhāeb / ḍāṇṭab
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἔλεγχον / ἐπιτίμησον
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders elenchō / epitimaō at 2 Timothy 3:16 and 4:2. Standard corrective vocabulary; register must remain pastoral, consistent with the ‘with all patience and teaching’ qualifier of 4:2, not merely harsh.
Patience
Approved rendering: धैर्य
Transliteration: dhairya
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders makrothymia at 2 Timothy 4:2 — forbearance toward hearers. Must be kept terminologically distinct from धीरज (perseverance, hypomonē, endurance under hardship at 2:10, 3:10-11); both gloss to ‘patience’ in English but name different Greek concepts.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार प्रचारक
Transliteration: susamācār pracārak
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders euangelistēs at 2 Timothy 4:5. Reuses सुसमाचार + प्रचार roots, consistent with the baseline’s mission term.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक जन
Transliteration: parameśvarak jan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: नर-नारायण, ईश्वर-पुरुष (god-man/avatar-adjacent)
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
NEW. Renders ho tou theou anthrōpos at 2 Timothy 3:17. जन echoes the baseline’s पवित्र जन (saints) root for consistency. Must be clearly distinguished from a ‘god-man’/avatar figure; this phrase names a human servant of God, not a divine incarnation — an important guardrail given the region’s avatar-descent framework.
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: धर्मी न्यायकर्ता
Transliteration: dharmī nyāyakartā
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders ho dikaios kritēs at 2 Timothy 4:8. धर्मी reuses the root from the baseline’s justification phrase (धर्मी घोषित कएल जाएब) for glossary consistency; reinforces that the crown of righteousness is personally awarded by the Lord, not dispensed by an impersonal mechanism.
Persecution
Approved rendering: सतावट / उत्पीड़न
Transliteration: satāvaṭ / utpīṛan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Renders diōgmos at 2 Timothy 3:11-12, historically grounded in Paul’s own experience at Antioch, Iconium, and Lystra — ties the doctrine to specific, remembered historical events rather than abstract principle.
Departure
Approved rendering: प्रस्थान
Transliteration: prasthān
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष-यात्रा (journey toward liberation from rebirth)
Original: ἀνάλυσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders analysis (nautical euphemism, a ship’s untying from moorings) at 2 Timothy 4:6. Must be distinguished from the soul’s ‘departure’ toward मोक्ष; here departure means going to be consciously with Christ, not release from a cycle. No nautical-mooring idiom exists in Maithili; render sense only.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: कान खुजाएब (नव सुनबाक लालसा)
Transliteration: kān khujāeb (nav sunabāk lālasā)
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: literal calque of ‘ears that itch’
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders knēthomenoi tēn akoēn at 2 Timothy 4:3. A literal calque would be opaque or comic in Maithili; renders the sense of craving novel, flattering teaching directly.
Evil People Impostors
Approved rendering: दुष्ट लोक, छलिया
Transliteration: duṣṭ lok, chaliyā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: जादूगर, तांत्रिक (folk-magic practitioner categories)
Original: πονηροὶ…καὶ γόητες
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders ponēroi…kai goētes at 2 Timothy 3:13. γόης (‘sorcerer/impostor’) risks an over-literal rendering evoking folk-magic practitioners; keep the focus on religious deception and false teaching, not occult practice.
Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: śaitān
Doctrine: The Devil and Spiritual Deception
Rejected alternatives: भूत-प्रेत (folk evil-spirit categories)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders diabolos at 2 Timothy 2:26. Standard transliterated Christian term without a specific regional-deity collision, but must be kept exclusively and consistently distinct from folk bhoot-pret categories throughout the curriculum.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: शैतानक जाल
Transliteration: śaitānak jāl
Doctrine: The Devil and Spiritual Deception
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Renders pagis tou diabolou at 2 Timothy 2:26. Reinforces the devil as a personal, purposeful deceiver holding people captive, not an impersonal evil force in the region’s folk-belief sense.
Vessel
Approved rendering: पात्र (पवित्रीकृत)
Transliteration: pātra (pavitrīkṛt)
Doctrine: Sanctification and Vessels for Honorable Use
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध पात्र (ritual-vessel purification / puja practice)
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders skeuos at 2 Timothy 2:20-21. पात्र is a common household-utensil word; risk that ‘vessel purified for honorable use’ evokes ritual-vessel purification in puja practice. Use पवित्रीकृत (reusing the baseline’s पवित्र/पवित्रीकरण) rather than शुद्ध, consistent with the baseline’s guidance to avoid शुद्ध’s ritual-purity connotation.
Depart From Iniquity
Approved rendering: अधार्मिकतासँ दूर रहब
Transliteration: adhārmiktāsã̃ dūr rahab
Doctrine: Sanctification and Vessels for Honorable Use
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मसँ दूर रहब (already-rejected sin alternative), अन्यायसँ दूर रहब
Original: ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders apostētō apo adikias at 2 Timothy 2:19. Rendered as the negation of the established धार्मिकता root rather than अधर्म (already rejected for ‘sin’ in the baseline) or अन्याय, for glossary consistency.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία-family
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2 Timothy 1:3, Paul’s gratitude as he remembers Timothy.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Native infinitive -करब. Occurs at 2 Timothy 4:2, in the ‘building up’ sense per the baseline note, alongside reprove/rebuke.
Books And Parchments
Approved rendering: पोथी, चर्मपत्र
Transliteration: pothī, carmapatra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: τὰ βιβλία, μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας
Category: Scripture
NEW. Renders ta biblia, malista tas membranas at 2 Timothy 4:13. Material-culture detail reinforcing Paul’s devotion to Scripture even while imprisoned and near death; low doctrinal risk but narratively significant reinforcement of the Inspiration/Sufficiency doctrine — must not be trimmed as a minor logistical detail.
Gentleness
Approved rendering: नम्रता
Transliteration: namratā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Ministry
NEW. Renders prautēs at 2 Timothy 2:25, the temperament required of the Lord’s servant when correcting opponents (pairs with ‘not quarrelsome,’ 2:24). Standard vocabulary; low collision risk.
Referenced passages