Cross-Reference Analysis
Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis: Book of James
Purpose and Method
James quotes the Old Testament directly only a handful of times but alludes to it constantly, and stands in an unusually dense relationship to the teaching of Jesus (especially the Sermon on the Mount) and to Paul’s Abraham argument in Romans 4. This document catalogs every OT quotation and allusion across all five chapters, identifies messianic references and typology, and — because this curriculum shares a language pipeline with the already-delivered Romans package — gives explicit rendering-consistency rules for every quotation or term shared between James and Romans. Phase 2 translators must consult Part 4 before finalizing any James segment that overlaps a Romans passage.
Risk tiers (Critical/High/Medium/Low) follow doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions exactly.
Part 1 — Book Name Reference Table (Extending Baseline Conventions)
The baseline’s Cross-Reference Preservation Rules table (in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md) lists only Romans, Genesis, Psalms, Isaiah, Habakkuk, and Joel. James’s cross-references require the following additional established North Indian Bible-translation book-name forms, to be added to that table before Phase 2:
| English | Maithili |
|---|---|
| James | याकूब |
| Leviticus | लैव्यव्यवस्था |
| Exodus | निर्गमन |
| Deuteronomy | व्यवस्थाविवरण |
| Joshua | यहोशू |
| Judges | न्यायियों |
| 1 Kings | 1 राजा |
| Job | अय्यूब |
| Proverbs | नीतिवचन |
| Ecclesiastes | सभोपदेशक |
| Amos | आमोस |
| Micah | मीका |
| Zechariah | जकर्याह |
| Hosea | होशे |
| Jeremiah | यिर्मयाह |
| Ezekiel | यहेजकेल |
| Malachi | मलाकी |
| Matthew | मत्ती |
| Mark | मरकुस |
| Luke | लूका |
| John | यूहन्ना |
| Galatians | गलातियों |
| 1 Corinthians | 1 कुरिन्थियों |
| Hebrews | इब्रानियों |
| 1 Peter | 1 पत्रुस |
| 1 John | 1 यूहन्ना |
| Revelation | प्रकाशितवाक्य |
Verse numbers remain Arabic numerals throughout, per baseline rule.
Part 2 — Full Cross-Reference Matrix by Chapter
Chapter 1
| Passage (James) | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James 1:1 | Address / audience | ”the twelve tribes,” Jacob (author’s own name) | Genesis 49:28 (twelve tribes of Jacob); parallels 1 Peter 1:1 (“elect exiles of the Dispersion”) | Low — historical/ethnic referent. Note only: याकूब as the letter’s author shares his name with the patriarch Jacob/Israel; do not conflate the human author with the patriarch in teaching notes. |
| James 1:2-4 | Trials and Testing | — | Parallels Romans 5:3-5 (tribulation → endurance → character → hope); 1 Peter 1:6-7 (tested faith, more precious than gold) | High — see translation_memory πειρασμός/tapasya caution; धैर्य (endurance) rendering must match Romans 5:3-4 usage exactly (Part 4). |
| James 1:5-6 | Wisdom from Above | Solomon (background type) | 1 Kings 3:5-12 (Solomon asks for wisdom); Proverbs 2:3-6 | NT: Matthew 7:7-11 (ask and it will be given) |
| James 1:9-11 | Favoritism and the Poor | — | Isaiah 40:6-8 (grass withers, flower falls — quoted/alluded); also quoted in 1 Peter 1:24 | NT: Luke 6:20-25 (beatitudes/woes, poor/rich reversal) |
| James 1:12 | Trials and Testing | — | Parallels Revelation 2:10 (“crown of life”); 2 Timothy 4:8 (“crown of righteousness”) | Low-Medium — मुकुट (crown) imagery; verify no unintended royal/avatar resonance given Mithila’s Janak-kingdom self-identity. |
| James 1:13-15 | Trials and Testing | — | Genesis 3:1-7 (desire → sin → death, the Fall); Genesis 4:7 (sin crouching at the door) | NT: Romans 6:23 (wages of sin is death); Romans 7:7-11 (desire/covetousness producing death) |
| James 1:17 | Wisdom / God’s character | — | Genesis 1:14-18 (God made the lights); Psalm 136:7-9 | NT: Matthew 7:11 (Father gives good gifts) |
| James 1:18 | New birth / the word | — | Leviticus 23:10; Deuteronomy 26:2 (firstfruits offering, background image) | NT: 1 Peter 1:23 (born again through the living word); John 1:13 |
| James 1:19-20 | Taming the Tongue | — | Proverbs 29:20; Proverbs 14:29; Ecclesiastes 5:2 | NT: Matthew 5:22 |
| James 1:22-25 | Faith and Works | — | Deuteronomy 30:11-14 (the word is not too difficult — echoed also in Romans 10:6-8) | NT: Matthew 7:24-27 (wise/foolish builders); parallels Romans 2:13 (“it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous… but the doers”) |
| James 1:26-27 | Favoritism and the Poor / General ethics | Orphans, widows | Deuteronomy 10:18; Isaiah 1:17; Zechariah 7:10; Exodus 22:22 | NT: Matthew 25:31-46 (care for “the least of these”) |
Chapter 2
| Passage (James) | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James 2:1 | Favoritism / Christology | — | Allusion: Psalm 24:7-10 (“King of glory”); Exodus 24:16-17 | NT: 1 Corinthians 2:8 (“Lord of glory,” identical title); baseline महिमा reuse |
| James 2:2-4 | Favoritism and the Poor | — | Leviticus 19:15 (“do not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the great”); Deuteronomy 1:17; 16:19 | NT: contrast Matthew 23:6 (love of seats of honor) |
| James 2:5 | Favoritism and the Poor | — | — | NT: Luke 6:20 (“blessed are you who are poor… theirs is the kingdom of God”) — reuses baseline परमेश्वरक राज्य |
| James 2:8 | Favoritism / Law | — | Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor as yourself”) — direct quotation | NT: Matthew 22:39; Mark 12:31; Romans 13:9 (same OT verse quoted); Galatians 5:14 |
| James 2:9 | Favoritism / Law | — | Leviticus 19:15; Deuteronomy 1:17 | NT: parallels Romans 2:11 (“God shows no partiality”) |
| James 2:10-11 | Law / Faith and Works | — | Exodus 20:13-14 / Deuteronomy 5:17-18 (Decalogue: “do not murder,” “do not commit adultery”) — direct quotation | NT: Matthew 5:21-22, 27-28 (Jesus intensifying the same commandments); Galatians 5:3 |
| James 2:12-13 | Law / Favoritism | — | Micah 6:8 (act justly, love mercy); Hosea 6:6 (“I desire mercy, not sacrifice,” quoted by Jesus at Matthew 9:13, 12:7) | NT: Matthew 5:7; Matthew 7:1-2 |
| James 2:14-26 | Faith and Works (CORE PASSAGE) | Abraham, Isaac, Rahab | Genesis 15:6 (direct quotation, 2:23); Genesis 22:1-19 (Abraham offering Isaac, narrative reference, 2:21); Joshua 2:1-21; 6:17,25 (Rahab hiding the spies, narrative reference, 2:25); background: 2 Chronicles 20:7 / Isaiah 41:8 (“Abraham my friend,” behind 2:23’s φίλος θεοῦ) | NT: Romans 4:1-25 (Paul’s extended argument on the same Genesis 15:6 and the same Abraham); Galatians 3:6-9; Hebrews 11:8-19 (Abraham/Isaac by faith); Hebrews 11:31 (Rahab by faith) |
Chapter 3
| Passage (James) | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James 3:1 | Taming the Tongue | Teachers | — | NT: Luke 12:48 (“to whom much is given”); Matthew 23 (woes on teachers) |
| James 3:2 | Taming the Tongue / General | — | — | NT: parallels James 1:4, 1:17, 1:25, 2:22 (τέλειος family) |
| James 3:6 | Taming the Tongue | — | Prophetic fire-judgment imagery: Isaiah 66:24 | NT: Mark 9:43-48 (same γέεννα word, “hell/Gehenna fire”) |
| James 3:9 | Taming the Tongue / dignity of persons | — | Genesis 1:26-27 (made in the likeness of God) — direct allusion | NT: 1 Corinthians 11:7 |
| James 3:13-18 | Wisdom from Above | — | Proverbs 3:13-18; Proverbs 8:1-21; Job 28 (“where is wisdom found?”) | NT: 1 Corinthians 2:6-16 (wisdom of this age vs. wisdom from the Spirit); 1 Corinthians 3:19 |
Chapter 4
| Passage (James) | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James 4:1-3 | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | — | — | NT: Matthew 7:7-11; 1 Peter 2:11 (“passions that wage war against the soul”) |
| James 4:4 | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God (CORE) | — | Covenant-jealousy language: Exodus 20:5; Exodus 34:14; Deuteronomy 4:24; the marriage-unfaithfulness metaphor throughout Hosea | NT: 1 John 2:15-17 (“do not love the world”); Matthew 6:24 (cannot serve two masters) |
| James 4:5 | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | — | Disputed/composite echo: Exodus 20:5, 34:14; Genesis 6:3; Numbers 11:29 (no single identifiable source text) | NT: none direct |
| James 4:6 | Worldliness / Grace | — | Proverbs 3:34 (LXX) — direct quotation, “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble” | NT: 1 Peter 5:5 (quotes the identical verse) |
| James 4:7-10 | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | — | Zechariah 1:3 (“return to me and I will return to you”); Psalm 34:18 | NT: Matthew 4:1-11 (Jesus resisting the devil); 1 Peter 5:6-9 (near-verbatim parallel: “humble yourselves… resist the devil”) |
| James 4:11-12 | Law | — | Isaiah 33:22 (the LORD is our lawgiver) | NT: Matthew 7:1-5 (judge not) |
| James 4:13-17 | Worldliness / Providence | — | Proverbs 27:1 (“do not boast about tomorrow”); Ecclesiastes 9:1-3, 11-12 | NT: Luke 12:16-21 (parable of the rich fool, close narrative parallel); Acts 18:21 (“if God wills”) |
Chapter 5
| Passage (James) | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James 5:1-6 | Favoritism and the Poor | — | Amos 8:4-6; Isaiah 5:8-9; Jeremiah 22:13; Malachi 3:5 | NT: Luke 6:24-25; 1 Timothy 6:9-10 |
| James 5:2-3 | Favoritism and the Poor | — | Isaiah 51:8 (“the moth will eat them like a garment”) | NT: Matthew 6:19-20 (direct parallel — treasures, moth, rust) |
| James 5:4 | Favoritism and the Poor | — | Leviticus 19:13; Deuteronomy 24:14-15 (withheld wages); Genesis 4:10 (Abel’s blood cries out — typological echo of the crying-out-to-God motif); “Lord of Hosts” title: Isaiah 5:9; Malachi 3:5 | NT: none direct |
| James 5:7-8 | Patience and the Lord’s Return (CORE) | — | Deuteronomy 11:14; Joel 2:23 (early and latter rain, direct agrarian allusion); Habakkuk 2:3 (“the vision awaits its appointed time”) | NT: Matthew 24:36-44 (parousia teaching); Hebrews 10:36-37 (quotes Habakkuk 2:3-4 re: patient endurance and “the coming one”); 2 Peter 3:4, 9 |
| James 5:9 | Patience and the Lord’s Return | — | — | NT: Matthew 24:33 (“he is near, at the very gates”) |
| James 5:10-11 | Patience / Trials | Prophets (general), Job | Entire book of Job (narrative reference); Psalm 103:8 / Exodus 34:6 (“the LORD is compassionate and gracious”) | NT: Hebrews 11:32-38 (prophets’ suffering) |
| James 5:12 | Taming the Tongue / General | — | Leviticus 19:12; Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (vows) | NT: Matthew 5:33-37 (near-verbatim parallel — Jesus’ teaching on oaths) |
| James 5:13-18 | Prayer and Healing (CORE) | Elijah | 1 Kings 17:1; 18:1, 42-45 (Elijah’s prayer stopping and restoring rain, narrative reference); Psalm 103:3 | NT: Mark 6:13 (disciples anoint the sick with oil); Luke 4:25 (Jesus references the same drought tradition); cf. Romans 8:26-27 (Spirit’s intercession — different term, shared prayer theme) |
| James 5:16 | Confession and Restoration (CORE) | — | Psalm 32:3-5; Psalm 51 (David’s confession); Proverbs 28:13 | NT: 1 John 1:9 (“if we confess our sins…”) |
| James 5:17-18 | Prayer and Healing | Elijah | 1 Kings 17:1; 18:1, 42-45 | NT: Luke 4:25 |
| James 5:19-20 | Confession and Restoration (CORE) | — | Ezekiel 33-34 (wandering sheep restored, watchman motif); Ezekiel 18:21-23 | NT: Matthew 18:15-17; Luke 15:3-7 (lost sheep); 1 Peter 4:8 (“love covers a multitude of sins,” near-identical phrase) |
Part 3 — Messianic References and Typology
Messianic References
James is markedly different from Romans in this respect: it contains almost no explicit Old-Testament messianic-prophecy argumentation. Where Romans builds its Christology on a chain of OT citations (Romans 1:2-4, 9:5, 15:8-12), James simply assumes and asserts a fully divine Christ without arguing the case:
- James 1:1; 2:1 — “the Lord Jesus Christ” / “our glorious Lord Jesus Christ” (ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς τῆς δόξης) — an extraordinarily high, undefended Christological claim placed almost casually at the letter’s opening and at the head of the favoritism section. Reuse locked प्रभु, यीशु, and महिमा. Risk: High — teach explicitly that this offhand confidence is itself evidence of how quickly and completely the earliest Jewish-Christian community (James writing to Jewish believers, 1:1) accepted Jesus’s deity; it should not be read as a lesser or merely honorific title.
- James 5:7-9 — the παρουσία (coming) of the Lord and the Judge standing at the door — the letter’s one clearly eschatological-messianic passage. Risk: Critical (see Part 4 Rule 6).
- James 5:14-15 — prayer offered “in the name of the Lord” for healing — implicit claim of Christ’s ongoing mediatorial authority.
Unlike Romans, James supplies no Isaiah/Habakkuk-style messianic-prophecy catena. Translators should not manufacture one; the letter’s Christology is assumed, not argued, and this asymmetry with Romans should be noted for teaching purposes, not compensated for by importing prooftexts James does not use.
Typology
- Abraham and Isaac (Genesis 22; James 2:21) — Classic Christian typological reading: the father offering his beloved, promised son, and the substitute (the ram) prefigure God the Father’s giving of his own Son and Christ’s substitutionary role (cf. Romans 8:32, “he who did not spare his own Son”). Caution: James itself makes no such typological argument — it cites the episode solely as evidence that Abraham’s faith was vindicated by an action. Teaching materials may supplement with this wider typology as background enrichment but must clearly separate it from James’s own stated argument, so as not to overstate what the text itself claims.
- Rahab (Joshua 2; James 2:25) — A Gentile, and a woman of disreputable social standing, incorporated by faith into the covenant community (she appears in Christ’s genealogy, Matthew 1:5, and in the “faith hall of fame,” Hebrews 11:31). Functions typologically as a forerunner of Gentile inclusion by faith apart from ethnic/lineage privilege — directly reinforcing baseline’s
unity_of_jews_and_gentilesdoctrine and Romans 11’s olive-tree grafting image. Risk: Medium-High in Mithila specifically, given the region’s living Panjikaran lineage-verification culture: Rahab’s inclusion is a deliberate scriptural counter-example to lineage-based standing. - Job (James 5:11) — The suffering righteous one, tested and ultimately vindicated by a compassionate God — a recurring biblical-theological pattern (cf. the Psalms of lament, the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53) ultimately fulfilled in the pattern of Christ’s own suffering and vindication, though James does not draw this connection explicitly. Useful supplementary teaching note for the Patience/Trials doctrines, held with the same caution as the Abraham/Isaac typology above.
- Elijah (1 Kings 17-18; James 5:17-18) — Functions in James purely as an example of ordinary-human, faith-empowered prayer (ὁμοιοπαθής, “a man with a nature like ours”), not as messianic typology per se; but Elijah’s broader canonical role as forerunner-figure (fulfilled in John the Baptist, Matthew 11:14; appearing with Moses at the Transfiguration, Matthew 17:3) may be noted as background enrichment without importing it into James’s own argument.
Part 4 — Parallels to Romans and Rendering-Consistency Rules
Because James and Romans share this language pipeline, several OT quotations, key terms, and doctrinal arguments overlap directly. The following rules are binding on Phase 2 processing of any James segment that shares content with a Romans passage. All rules build on, and never contradict, the locked baseline translation_memory.json.
Rule 1 — Leviticus 19:18 (“Love your neighbor as yourself”)
Quoted at James 2:8 and Romans 13:9. The Maithili rendering of this OT quotation must be word-for-word identical in both curricula. Draft rendering: “आपन पड़ोसीकेँ अपना समान प्रेम करू”. Any Phase 2 worker encountering either occurrence must check the other curriculum’s translation memory cache before finalizing.
Rule 2 — Genesis 15:6 (Abraham’s faith credited as righteousness)
Quoted at James 2:23 and Romans 4:3 (also alluded to at Romans 4:9, 4:22; Galatians 3:6). This is the single most theologically load-bearing shared citation in the entire pipeline.
- The OT quotation itself must be rendered identically in both curricula, using baseline’s locked आरोपित धार्मिकता for the credited-righteousness clause.
- Sequencing rule (mandatory): the Maithili text and any accompanying translator note must make clear that the crediting described in this verse occurred at the moment of Abraham’s belief (Genesis 15:6, prior to Genesis 22), and that James 2:21-22’s reference to Abraham’s justification “by works” (offering Isaac, Genesis 22) describes the later vindication/demonstration of that same, already-credited righteousness — not a second, separate, merit-based crediting event. See Part 2’s James 2:14-26 entry and the semantic-analysis full treatment for the required translator-note text.
Rule 3 — δικαιόω (“justified”) — sense-differentiation between Romans and James
Both curricula use the identical locked phrase धर्मी घोषित कएल जाएब for δικαιόω. However:
- In Romans, this phrase names God’s initial forensic declaration, received by faith apart from works (Romans 3:20-28, 4:1-8; baseline
justificationandimputed_righteousnessentries). - In James 2:21, 2:24, 2:25, the same phrase names the vindication/demonstration before others (and before God’s own inspection) that a person’s faith is the genuine, living kind.
- Every occurrence of this phrase in James 2:14-26 requires the mandatory translator note specified in the semantic analysis (07_semantic_analysis.md, James 2:21 entry), attached at Phase 2, flagged for human theologian review without exception. This is not optional even where the phrase itself matches the Romans rendering exactly — the risk is precisely that the identical phrase could be misread as making Romans and James contradict each other on a Critical-risk doctrine.
Rule 4 — Abraham’s kinship title
Romans 4:1 calls Abraham “our forefather according to the flesh”; James 2:21 calls him “our father” in a purely spiritual-covenantal sense. Use a single consistent Maithili kinship phrase — हमर पूर्वज अब्राहम — across both curricula, understanding that Romans emphasizes physical/covenantal descent while James emphasizes covenantal-family membership by shared faith; the term itself should not be varied between the two even though the emphasis differs, so students moving between lessons recognize the continuity.
Rule 5 — Proverbs 3:34 (“God opposes the proud, gives grace to the humble”)
Quoted at James 4:6 (and, outside this pipeline’s current scope, at 1 Peter 5:5). While Romans does not quote this verse directly, Romans 11:5-6 and 3:24/5:2/5:15-17 establish the grace-versus-works contrast that this verse crystallizes in proverbial form. Rule: use locked अनुग्रह exactly; apply the same mandatory theologian-review escalation that baseline requires for every Romans grace-versus-merit passage (per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md escalation rules) to James 4:6 as well. Do not illustrate this verse’s humility-exaltation logic through the region’s Sita-modeled achieved-virtue exemplar, for the same reason baseline forbids it for Romans’ grace passages.
Rule 6 — παρουσία / the Lord’s coming
James 5:7-8’s πρόνοια-adjacent hope (the Lord’s return) has no direct Romans parallel verse but shares Romans’ entire eschatological framework (cf. Romans 8:18-25’s “creation waits” and 13:11-12’s “salvation nearer now”). Rule: render James 5:7-8 with प्रभु यीशुक पुनरागमन, never अवतरण, and attach the mandatory Kalki-avatar-distinguishing footnote at first occurrence (see glossary #28). If any future curriculum in this pipeline treats Romans 8:18-25 or 13:11-12, the same पुनरागमन vocabulary and footnote pattern must be reused for consistency.
Rule 7 — ὑπομονή / endurance
James 1:3-4, 1:12, 5:11 and Romans 5:3-4 both describe the sequence: trials → endurance → maturity/proven-character → hope. Use locked धैर्य consistently across both curricula for this sequence, and preserve the personal-God-directed, non-fatalistic framing in both (baseline providence doctrine caution applies equally here).
Rule 8 — νόμος / law: “law of liberty” versus Romans’ law discussion
James’s “law of liberty / royal law” (1:25, 2:8, 2:12) must be taught as compatible with, not contradictory to, Romans’ distinction between the accusing, condemning function of the Mosaic law under sin (Romans 7) and “the law of the Spirit of life” that sets believers free (Romans 8:2). Both use locked व्यवस्था; teaching notes should draw the Romans 8:2 ↔ James 1:25/2:12 connection explicitly, since both texts use “law” paired with “liberty/life” to describe the same reality — the law as fulfilled and freed by Christ, not as a new legalistic burden.
Rule 9 — Universal divine impartiality
James 2:1, 2:9 (“do not show favoritism”) and Romans 2:11 (“God shows no partiality”) state the identical doctrine. Both reinforce baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles and universal_scope_of_gospel doctrines and must be translated with equal, unsoftened force in both curricula, given the shared risk of collision with Mithila’s Panjikaran caste-verification practice.
Rule 10 — σῴζω / salvation: soteriological vs. physical-healing sense
Romans uses σῴζω/σωτηρία exclusively in the soteriological sense (locked उद्धार). James uses the same Greek root in three distinct senses across the book: soteriological (James 2:14, 5:20 — उद्धार), physical-healing (James 5:15 — चंगा करब, a James-specific extension not present in Romans), and (implicitly, 1:21) preservation of “souls.” Rule: Phase 2 workers must never apply उद्धार mechanically to James 5:15; this is the one place where James’s use of a shared Greek root diverges from Romans’ single-sense usage, and the divergence itself must be preserved, not smoothed over, in Maithili.
Rule 11 — πᾶσα ἁμαρτία / sin-death connection
James 1:15 (“sin, when it is fully grown, brings forth death”) and Romans 6:23 (“the wages of sin is death”) state parallel theology using locked पाप and मृत्यु. Both must resist any impersonal-karmic-consequence reading; render both as the outworking of moral rebellion before a personal God, not a mechanical law of cause and effect.
Summary Table — Cross-Curriculum Shared Citations Requiring Locked Consistency
| Shared OT/NT text | James location | Romans location | Consistency Rule # |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 15:6 | 2:23 | 4:3, 4:9, 4:22 | Rule 2 |
| Leviticus 19:18 | 2:8 | 13:9 | Rule 1 |
| δικαιόω / “justified” | 2:21, 2:24, 2:25 | 3:20-28, 4:1-8 | Rule 3 |
| Abraham as father-figure | 2:21 | 4:1 | Rule 4 |
| Grace opposing pride/works | 4:6 (Proverbs 3:34) | 11:5-6, 3:24, 5:2, 5:15-17 | Rule 5 |
| The Lord’s future coming | 5:7-9 | 8:18-25, 13:11-12 | Rule 6 |
| Trials → endurance → maturity | 1:2-4, 1:12, 5:11 | 5:3-4 | Rule 7 |
| Law and liberty/life | 1:25, 2:8-12 | 7:1-25, 8:2 | Rule 8 |
| Divine impartiality | 2:1, 2:9 | 2:11 | Rule 9 |
| σῴζω sense-differentiation | 2:14, 5:15, 5:20 | throughout (single sense) | Rule 10 |
| Sin produces death | 1:15 | 6:23 | Rule 11 |
This document must be consulted alongside 08_core_glossary.md and the baseline translation_memory.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of James that touches a Romans-shared passage.