Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: Titus (English/Koine Greek → Maithili)
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
These terms occur in Titus and MUST be rendered exactly as already fixed in translation_memory.json. No new analysis or alternative rendering is offered; risk tier and rejected alternatives are inherited unchanged.
| English term | Maithili rendering | Risk (inherited) | Titus occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| grace | अनुग्रह (anugraha) | High | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7 |
| faith | विश्वास (biswas) | High | 1:1,1:13; 2:2,2:10; 3:8,3:15 |
| righteousness (adj. root) | धार्मिकता / धार्मिक (dhārmiktā / dhārmik) | Critical | 1:8; 2:12; 3:5 |
| justification | धर्मी घोषित कएल जाएब (dharmī ghoṣit kael jaeb) | Critical | 3:7 |
| salvation (root) | उद्धार (uddhār) | Critical | 2:11 (adj. form); 3:5 (verb form) |
| holy | पवित्र (pavitra) | High | 1:8; 3:5 (in “Holy Spirit”) |
| holy_spirit | पवित्र आत्मा (pavitra ātmā) | Critical | 3:5 |
| god | परमेश्वर (parameśvar) | Critical | throughout (1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:7,1:16; 2:5,2:10,2:11,2:13; 3:4,3:8) |
| jesus | यीशु (Yīśu) | Critical | 1:1,1:4; 2:13; 3:6 |
| father | पिता (pitā) | Critical | 1:4 |
| law | व्यवस्था (byavasthā) | High | 3:9,3:13 |
| glory | महिमा (mahimā) | High | 2:13 |
| peace | शान्ति (śānti) | Medium | 1:4 |
| election (root) | परमेश्वरक चुनाव (parameśvarak cunāv) | High | 1:1 (“God’s elect”) |
| exhort | उत्साहित करब (utsāhit karab) | Low | 1:9; 2:6; 2:15 |
| apostle | प्रेरित (prerit) | Medium | 1:1 |
| sin (root) | पाप (pāp) | High | 3:11 (“sins”) |
No occurrence in Titus requires the Romans-baseline terms for church (ἐκκλησία is not used in Titus), kingdom_of_god, resurrection, son_of_god, incarnation (as a lexical item — though the underlying doctrine is theologically engaged via ἐπιφάνεια, see Section 2), lord (κύριος is not used as a title in Titus), adoption, sanctification (as ἁγιασμός — not used, though the underlying reality is present via ἁγιάζω-adjacent vocabulary), messiah, prophet, prophecy, covenant, intercession, providence, mission, david, israel, abba, or seed_of_david. These remain fixed in the baseline for reuse elsewhere in the wider nine-book curriculum but are not load-bearing terms within Titus itself.
Section 2 — New Terms Required for Titus, Organized by Curriculum Doctrine
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| appeared / appearing (epiphany) | ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια | epiphainō / epiphaneia | प्रकट होएब / प्रकटीकरण (prakaṭ hoeb / prakaṭīkaraṇ) | Critical | अवतरण, अवतार-सदृश शब्द | Never रендered with अवतार-family vocabulary. Names two events: grace’s past appearing in Christ’s incarnation (2:11) and Christ’s future glorious appearing at his return (2:13; 3:4 for God’s kindness). Mandatory note at every occurrence distinguishing this once-for-all/twice-named appearing from the region’s cyclical avatar-descent narrative (Ram, Krishna). |
| training | παιδεύω | paideuō | प्रशिक्षित करब / प्रशिक्षण (praśikṣit karab / praśikṣaṇ) | Critical | गुरु-शिक्षा, तालीम (bare) | Grace itself, not a human guru, is the trainer; must not evoke the guru-śiṣya parampara (teaching-lineage) framework. Central to this doctrine’s name. |
| godliness / godly | εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς | eusebeia / eusebōs | परमेश्वरनिष्ठा / परमेश्वरनिष्ठापूर्वक (parameśvar-niṣṭhā / -pūrvak) | High | भक्ति, श्रद्धा, धर्मपरायणता | Coined term avoiding भक्ति (rejected in the Romans baseline for “faith” due to bhakti-tradition weight) and धर्म-root (Critical-barred). निष्ठा (“steadfast devotion/integrity”) carries no specific bhakti-tradition freight. Names the transformed life flowing FROM grace, never a devotional path earning divine favor. |
| ungodliness | ἀσέβεια | asebeia | ईश्वरविहीनता (īśvar-vihīntā) | High | अधर्म, अभक्ति | Negative counterpart to godliness; avoids धर्म-root and भक्ति-root for the same reasons as above. |
| worldly passions | ἐπιθυμία κοσμική | epithymia kosmikē | सांसारिक कुइच्छा (sāṅsārik kuicchā) | High | सांसारिक वासना | वासना avoided — carries Hindu/Buddhist karmic-impression connotation. Mandatory note: “worldly” = “of the present fallen age,” not “of the cycle of rebirth” (despite सांसारिक’s संसार root, retained here for lack of a safer common adjective, with the clarifying note doing the disambiguating work). |
| self-controlled / self-control | σώφρων / σωφροσύνη / σωφρονίζω | sōphrōn / sōphrosynē / sōphronizō | संयमी / संयम / संयमी बनाबय लेल प्रशिक्षित करब (sanyamī / sanyam / …) | High | तपस्या-सम्बन्धी शब्द | Must be distinguished from ascetic self-discipline (tapasya) pursued as merit toward liberation; this is Spirit/grace-enabled fruit, recurring across 1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12. |
| present age | αἰών (νῦν αἰών) | aiōn (nyn aiōn) | वर्तमान युग (vartamān yug) | Medium | संसार, इहलोक | Avoid संसार’s rebirth-cycle overtone; brief gloss (“this present period of history before Christ’s return”) recommended at first use. |
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | मण्डलीक प्राचीन (maṇḍalīk prācīn) | Critical | प्राचीन (bare, unqualified), पंच/मुखिया | The qualifier “मण्डलीक” (of the congregation) is mandatory to disambiguate from a village/caste-community elder or joint-family patriarch, whose authority rests on custom/seniority/lineage rather than an appointed, qualification-tested church office. |
| overseer | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | अध्यक्ष (adhyakṣ) | Critical | बिशप (transliteration, avoided — no episcopal tradition to anchor it), पंडित | Titus 1:5-7 uses ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος for the SAME office; mandatory note preventing readers from inferring two distinct ranks. |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | एक पत्नीक पति (ek patnīk pati) | High (culturally load-bearing) | “विश्वासयोग्य” (bare “faithful,” too vague) | Directly engages the historic Maithil Brahmin kulin polygamy custom; must render as a concrete, specific requirement, not softened into ambiguous general fidelity language. Joint theologian + native-speaker review required. |
| steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | भण्डारी (bhaṇḍārī) | Medium | प्रबंधक | An overseer manages God’s household on God’s behalf, not his own estate. |
| blameless | ἀνέγκλητος | anenklētos | निर्दोष (nirdoṣ) | Medium | — | Standard, low-ambiguity. |
| insubordinate | ἀνυπότακτος | anypotaktos | अवाध्य (avādhya) | Medium-High | — | Same root as ὑποτάσσω (Submission doctrine); keep visibly linked across the book. |
| just / holy (character) | δίκαιος / ὅσιος | dikaios / hosios | धार्मिक / सदाचारी (dhārmik / sadācārī) | Medium | धर्म-root for either | धार्मिक reuses the fixed righteousness root; सदाचारी (virtuous/devout conduct) is kept distinct from पवित्र (ἅγιος word family). |
| sober / dignified / hospitable / lover of good (virtue-list cluster) | νηφάλιος / σεμνός / φιλόξενος / φιλάγαθος | nēphalios / semnos / philoxenos / philagathos | सचेत / गंभीर / अतिथि-सत्कारी / भलाईक प्रेमी | Low-Medium | — | φιλόξενος (hospitable) has positive cultural resonance with regional “Atithi Devo Bhava” guest-honor custom; useful bridge, but frame as a required elder qualification, not merely general social custom. |
| self-willed / quick-tempered / given to wine / violent / greedy for gain (vice-list cluster) | αὐθάδης / ὀργίλος / πάροινος / πλήκτης / αἰσχροκερδής | authadēs / orgilos / paroinos / plēktēs / aischrokerdēs | हठी / क्रोधी / मद्यपी / हिंसक / अनुचित लाभक लोभी | Low-Medium | — | Standard disqualifying vices for the elder/overseer office. |
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sound doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | स्वस्थ शिक्षा (svasth śikṣā) | Critical | शुद्ध शिक्षा, सत्य सिद्धान्त | Deliberately preserves Paul’s “healthy teaching” metaphor (contrasted with the diseased, divisive false teaching of 1:10-16; 3:9-11) rather than flattening to generic “correct teaching.” Recurs 1:9; 2:1. |
| good work(s) | καλὸν/ἀγαθὸν ἔργον | kalon/agathon ergon | नीक काज (nīk kāj) | Critical | सुकर्म, पुण्य कर्म | Deliberately built from native vocabulary (नीक + काज), avoiding the Sanskrit कर्म root’s karma-merit associations. Names FRUIT of grace/regeneration, never salvation’s CAUSE. Recurs 1:16; 2:7,2:14; 3:1,3:8,3:14 — six occurrences requiring identical, consistent rendering throughout. |
| disqualified (for good work) | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | अयोग्य (ayogya) | Medium | — | Standard “failing the test” sense. |
| rebuke | ἐλέγχω | elenchō | फटकारब (phaṭkārab) | Medium | — | Corrective confrontation paired with encouragement (παρακαλέω); recurs 1:9,1:13; 2:15. |
| profitable | ὠφέλιμος | ōphelimos | लाभदायक (lābhdāyak) | Low | — | Practical, this-life benefit of good works, contrasted with the “unprofitable” controversies of 3:9. |
| pattern / example (of good works) | τύπος | typos | आदर्श (ādarś) | Low | — | — |
| adorn (the doctrine) | κοσμέω | kosmeō | शोभा देब (śobhā deb) | Medium | — | Godly conduct beautifies gospel doctrine before outside observers (2:10). |
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | उद्धारकर्ता (uddhārkartā) | Critical | त्राता (too generic/epic-hero-adjacent), भगवान (bare) | Built on the fixed उद्धार root. Applied to BOTH Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and Son (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) — 6 occurrences total; mandatory note distinguishing the single, unique, historical Savior from the Gītā’s periodically-appearing avatar-savior motif (cf. Gītā 4.7-8), which this audience’s own devotional tradition already teaches. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | दया (dayā) | High | — | Distinct from अनुग्रह (grace); दया was rejected in the Romans baseline only as a GRACE-substitute, not as its own term. Both अनुग्रह and दया appear together in Titus (1:4 salutation; 3:5,3:7) and must remain visibly distinct concepts. |
| not by works of righteousness | οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | ouk ex ergōn tōn en dikaiosynē | धार्मिकताक कामक कारणे नहि (dhārmiktāk kāmak kāraṇe nahi) | Critical | — | Single clearest verse (3:5) for this doctrine; flat negation must not be softened toward “works still contribute somewhat” nor overcorrected into a fatalistic dismissal of good works generally (contradicting 3:8/3:14’s positive good-works emphasis). Mandatory human theologian review. |
| purify | καθαρίζω | katharizō | शुद्ध करब (śuddh karab) | High | — | Christ’s own decisive moral cleansing, not a human ritual-purification rite; note required given शुद्ध’s Panjikaran-adjacent ritual-purity loading elsewhere in the baseline. |
| redeem | λυτρόω | lytroō | छुटकारा देब (chuṭkārā deb) | Critical | उद्धार (alone, loses ransom-cost nuance) | Reuses the Romans-baseline-permitted “specific rescue-narrative” sense of छुटकारा; must preserve the “at a cost” (ransom) nuance, distinct from karma being “worked off.” |
| a people for his own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος | laos periousios | परमेश्वरक निज प्रजा (parameśvarak nij prajā) | High | — | OT covenant-possession language (Exodus 19:5); requires background explanation, as with “seed of David” in the Romans baseline. |
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| regeneration | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | नवजन्म (navjanam) | Critical — HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN TITUS | पुनर्जन्म (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN — names Hindu reincarnation), पुनर्जीवन | The Greek is literally “again-birth,” making this the single most dangerous lexical collision point in the book. नवजन्म (“new birth,” नव not पुनर्) names a single, decisive, once-for-all Spirit-wrought re-origination, categorically distinct from cyclical rebirth across successive lives. Mandatory translator note at the sole occurrence (3:5), parallel to the resurrection/reincarnation note already fixed in the Romans baseline. Requires human theologian review without exception. |
| renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | नवीकरण (navīkaraṇ) | High | — | Distinct from नवजन्म: ongoing Spirit-wrought renewing work following the decisive new birth, related to but not identical with पवित्रीकरण (sanctification, fixed in the Romans baseline). |
| washing | λουτρόν | loutron | धोवन (dhovan) | Medium | स्नान | स्नान avoided — carries strong regional ritual/pilgrimage-bathing associations (Ganga-snān, tīrtha-snān) suggesting a repeatable purification rite rather than the once-for-all reality in view. |
| poured out (the Spirit) | ἐκχέω | ekcheō | उझलि देब (ujhali deb) | Medium | — | Emphasizes abundant, unrationed, generous outpouring of the Spirit — echoes Pentecost/Joel 2:28 language. |
| heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | उत्तराधिकारी (uttarādhikārī) | High | — | Positive cultural resonance with Mithila’s strong patrilineal inheritance customs; leverage as full inheritance-rights status (parallel to “adoption” in the Romans baseline) while clarifying this is spiritual, not material/lineage, inheritance. |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | अनन्त जीवन (anant jīvan) | High | — | Distinguish from मोक्ष (already Critical-forbidden for “salvation” in the Romans baseline): unending, personal, relational life WITH a personal God, not liberation into an impersonal absolute or cessation of individual existence. |
| hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | आशा (āśā) | High | प्रारब्ध, भाग्य | Confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not fate/destiny (already Critical-flagged in the Romans baseline for providence/election) nor generic wishful optimism. |
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | अधीन रहब / अधीनता (adhīn rahab / adhīntā) | Critical | वशीभूत होएब (suggests coerced/dominated submission) | Central verb across all three domain-applications: wives/husbands (2:5), household slaves/masters (2:9), citizens/rulers (3:1). Must be presented as voluntary, gospel-witness-motivated ordering under legitimate authority — never as endorsement of caste-based subordination or coerced bonded-labor submission. Mandatory human theologian review at each occurrence. |
| rulers and authorities | ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι | archai, exousiai | शासक आ अधिकारी (śāsak ā adhikārī) | High | — | Present civic government; care needed given Mithila’s own historic royal-kingdom self-identity (House of Janak). |
| obedient | πειθαρχέω | peitharcheō | आज्ञा मानब (ājñā mānab) | Medium | — | Keep distinct from the fixed compound “obedience of faith” (विश्वासक आज्ञाकारिता) — civic obedience is a fruit of godliness, not the soteriological obedience-of-faith. |
| household slaves / masters | δοῦλος (household sense) / δεσπότης | doulos / despotēs | दास / स्वामी (dās / svāmī) | High | — | Requires substantial note distinguishing the ancient Greco-Roman household-slavery context from contemporary caste-based servitude or bonded labor; the text neither endorses slavery nor warrants caste hierarchy. Contrast with Paul’s own dignified self-designation δοῦλος θεοῦ (1:1), rendered सेवक, not दास, to preserve the register difference. |
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| foolish controversies | ζήτησις | zētēsis | व्यर्थ विवाद (vyarth vivād) | High | — | Central term for this doctrine’s name. |
| genealogies | γενεαλογία | genealogia | वंशावली (vanśāvalī) | High (culturally load-bearing) | — | Direct resonance with Panjikaran, Mithila’s living genealogical-registry institution; mandatory note clarifying Paul targets speculative, divisive theological pedigree-claims specifically, NOT genealogical record-keeping as a social practice, which this verse must not be read as delegitimizing. |
| divisive person | αἱρετικός ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | फूट डालनिहार (phūṭ ḍālnihār) | Critical | विधर्मी (too doctrinally abstract/excommunication-flavored) | Native compound (फूट + डालनिहार) preserves the relational, congregation-dividing sense over an abstract “heretic” classification; central to the two-step warning-then-separation process of 3:10. |
| strife / quarrels about the law | ἔρις / μάχη νομική | eris / machē nomikē | कलह / व्यवस्था-सम्बन्धी झगड़ा | Medium | — | Reuses fixed व्यवस्था (Law) root. |
| unprofitable and worthless | ἀνωφελής, μάταιος | anōphelēs, mataios | निष्फल आ व्यर्थ | Low-Medium | — | Direct contrast with the “profitable” (ὠφέλιμος) good works of 3:8. |
| admonition | νουθεσία | nouthesia | चेतावनी (cetāvanī) | Low-Medium | — | — |
| self-condemned | αὐτοκατάκριτος | autokatakritos | अपनहि अपनाकेँ दोषी ठहरएनिहार | Low-Medium | — | — |
Section 3 — Supporting Contextual Terms (Lower Doctrinal Weight, Full-Book Coverage)
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Maithili rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant of God (Paul’s self-designation) | δοῦλος θεοῦ | doulos theou | परमेश्वरक सेवक (parameśvarak sevak) | Medium | Dignified register, distinct from household दास (see Submission to Authority above). |
| knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | epignōsis alētheias | सत्यक ज्ञान (satyak jñān) | Medium-High | ज्ञान carries Vedantic jñāna-mārga associations; clarify as accurate revealed doctrinal knowledge, not mystical self-realization. |
| God who never lies | ἀψευδὴς θεός | apseudēs theos | नहि झूठ बजनिहार परमेश्वर | Low | — |
| preaching / proclamation | κήρυγμα | kērygma | प्रचार (pracār) | Medium | Reuses Romans-baseline “mission” root (सुसमाचार प्रचार). |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | प्रेम (prem) | High | Must be clarified as selfless covenantal love, not the romantic/erotic prema-bhakti of Vidyapati’s Radha-Krishna devotional poetry tradition. |
| endurance / patience | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | धैर्य (dhairya) | Medium | — |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | विवेक (vivek) | High | Must not be conflated with अंतरात्मा (Ātman/inner-divine-spark overtone); names personal moral faculty answerable to a personal God. |
| mind | νοῦς | nous | मन (man) | Medium | — |
| pure / defiled | καθαρός / μεμιαμμένος | katharos / memiammenos | शुद्ध / अशुद्ध | High | Engages regional ritual/lineage-purity codes (Panjikaran-adjacent); requires careful framing as a positive teaching bridge toward conscience/faith-based purity, not a casual dismissal of purity concern. |
| Jewish myths | Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι | Ioudaikoi mythoi | यहूदी गप्प (Yahūdī gapp) | Medium-High | गप्प chosen over कथा to avoid dignifying these with the region’s revered Puranic storytelling register. |
| slanderer (common noun) | διάβολος | diabolos | निन्दक (nindak) | Medium | Disambiguate from the proper name शैतान (Satan) used elsewhere in the wider curriculum. |
| chaste / working at home (young women’s virtue-list) | ἁγνή / οἰκουργός | hagnē / oikourgos | शुद्ध चरित्रवाली / घर-गृहस्थीक काजमे निपुण | Medium | Pastoral counsel to a specific first-century context; avoid over-generalizing into a timeless universal restriction. |
| older man / older woman (age terms) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις | presbytēs / presbytis | बुजुर्ग पुरुष / बुजुर्ग स्त्री | Medium | Must be visibly distinguished from मण्डलीक प्राचीन (the office term) despite the shared Greek root. |
| sober-minded / dignified / reverent | νηφάλιος / σεμνός / ἱεροπρεπής | nēphalios / semnos / hieroprepēs | सचेत / गंभीर / पवित्रताक योग्य आचरणवाला | Medium | — |
| teachers of good | καλοδιδάσκαλος | kalodidaskalos | नीक शिक्षा देनिहारि | Low | — |
| well-pleasing | εὐάρεστος | euarestos | संतोषजनक | Low | — |
| integrity | ἀφθορία | aphthoria | सत्यनिष्ठा | Medium | — |
| foolish / led astray / disobedient (pre-conversion vice cluster) | ἀνόητος / πλανάω / ἀπειθής | anoētos / planaō / apeitheis | मूर्ख / भरमाओल / अवज्ञाकारी | Low-Medium | Describes universal pre-conversion condition (3:3), directly contrasted with God’s kindness/love-for-mankind (3:4). |
| pleasures | ἡδονή | hēdonē | सुख-भोग (sukh-bhog) | Medium | Note distinct from भोग’s karma-doctrine resonance (accumulated sensory experience tied to past-life merit). |
| malice / envy | κακία / φθόνος | kakia / phthonos | द्वेष / ईर्ष्या | Low | — |
| goodness | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | भलाई (bhalāī) | Medium | Native term, avoiding कृपा (reserved for non-salvific ordinary compassion contexts per the Romans baseline). |
| loving-kindness / love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία | philanthrōpia | मानव-प्रेम (mānav-prem) | High | Avoid परोपकार (regional dharmic-charity/merit-generating connotation); names God’s own redemptive disposition toward humanity. |
| trustworthy saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | ई बात विश्वासयोग्य अछि | Medium | Fixed formula; keep consistent if recurring in other Pastoral Epistles under this same language package. |
| gentle / quarrelsome (avoid) | ἐπιεικής / ἄμαχος | epieikēs / amachos | नम्र / झगड़ा नहि करनिहार | Low-Medium | — |
| speak evil of / blaspheme | βλασφημέω | blasphēmeō | निन्दा करब (nindā karab) | Medium | Same root covers both “slander a person” (3:2) and “blaspheme God’s word” (2:5); disambiguate by grammatical object. |
| lawyer (proper-name description) | νομικός | nomikos | व्यवस्थाक ज्ञाता | Low | Reuses fixed व्यवस्था root. |
| proper names (Artemas, Tychicus, Zenas, Apollos, Nicopolis, Cretans, Crete) | Ἀρτεμᾶς, Τυχικός, Ζηνᾶς, Ἀπολλῶς, Νικόπολις, Κρῆτες, Κρήτη | — | अर्तेमास, तुखिकुस, जेनास, अपुल्लोस, निकुपुलिस, क्रेती, क्रेते | Low | Transliterate per established North Indian Bible-translation convention. |
Cross-Reference to Baseline Doctrine Risk Registry
The following Titus-specific doctrines are new entries required in doctrine_risk_registry.json during Phase 2 pre-flight, following the same schema as the Romans baseline (risk_definitions, maithili_doctrine_name, key_terms, primary_passages, maithili_risk_notes, review_routing):
| Doctrine | Proposed risk | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Critical | Human theologian |
| Qualifications for Elders | Critical (husband-of-one-wife qualification); High (remainder) | Human theologian |
| Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Critical | Human theologian |
| Salvation by Grace not Works | Critical | Human theologian |
| Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Critical | Human theologian (mandatory, no exceptions) |
| Submission to Authority | Critical | Human theologian |
| Avoiding Divisive Controversies | High (Critical for the “divisive person” term itself) | Human theologian |
This table is provided for continuity into Phase 1 Step 2 (doctrine risk registry construction) and must not be treated as the final registry itself.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs as adjective/adverb at Titus 1:8 (elder qualification) and 2:12 (adverbial), and centrally at 3:5 within the fixed compound ‘not by works done in righteousness’ (धार्मिकताक कामक कारणे नहि) — see works_of_righteousness entry. CRITICAL: never धर्म or सतीत्व.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी घोषित कएल जाएब
Transliteration: dharmī ghoṣit kael jaeb
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा भेटब, पुण्य कमाएब
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 3:7, forming an inclusio with grace’s appearing in 2:11. Never abbreviate the compound.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा (except as fixed for redemption)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root underlies the Titus-specific coinage उद्धारकर्ता (Savior) and the verb form उद्धार कएलनि (3:5, ‘he saved us’). CRITICAL: never मुक्ति or मोक्ष — Titus 3:5 directly denies works as salvation’s basis and is especially vulnerable to a karma-cycle-liberation misreading.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification / Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 3:5, as the agent of the ‘washing of regeneration and renewal.’ Never ब्रह्म or परमात्मा.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout Titus. Titus 2:13 applies this title directly to Jesus Christ (‘our great God and Savior Jesus Christ’) via a single Greek grammatical construction that Maithili syntax must preserve so it cannot be read as two beings — see deity_of_christ_titus doctrine notes in the doctrine risk registry.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs Titus 1:1,1:4; 2:13; 3:6. Never ईसा.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 1:4 salutation.
Epiphany
Approved rendering: प्रकट होएब / प्रकटीकरण
Transliteration: prakaṭ hoeb / prakaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतरण, अवतार-सदृश शब्द, एपिफनी (transliteration)
NEW for Titus. Names two events with the same Greek root: grace’s past appearing in Christ’s first coming (2:11) and Christ’s still-future glorious appearing at his return (2:13; also God’s kindness appearing, 3:4). CRITICAL: never अवतार-family vocabulary. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence distinguishing this once-for-all historical epiphany and single still-future bodily return from the region’s cyclical avatar-descent narrative (Ram, Krishna), tied to the unique, permanent देहधारण already fixed in the Romans baseline.
Training
Approved rendering: प्रशिक्षित करब / प्रशिक्षण
Transliteration: praśikṣit karab / praśikṣaṇ
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: गुरु-शिक्षा, तालीम (bare), दीक्षा
NEW for Titus. CRITICAL doctrinal anchor for the curriculum’s named doctrine (Titus 2:12). Grace itself, not a human guru, is the trainer; must not evoke the guru-śiṣya parampara (teaching-lineage) framework, particularly given दीक्षा’s live association with formal initiation rites in Mithila’s Vaishnava/Shaiva institutional life. Mandatory translator note required at 2:12.
Elder
Approved rendering: मण्डलीक प्राचीन
Transliteration: maṇḍalīk prācīn
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: प्राचीन (bare, unqualified), पंच/मुखिया, पंडित
NEW for Titus. The qualifier मण्डलीक (‘of the congregation’) is mandatory at every occurrence to disambiguate this appointed church office from a village/caste-community customary elder or joint-family patriarch, whose authority rests on social seniority or lineage status. Distinct from the plain age-word ‘older man’ (बुजुर्ग पुरुष) — see older_man_woman entry. Sole occurrence Titus 1:5.
Overseer
Approved rendering: अध्यक्ष
Transliteration: adhyakṣ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: बिशप (transliteration), पंडित
NEW for Titus. CRITICAL: mandatory note that in Titus 1:5-7, overseer (अध्यक्ष) and elder (मण्डलीक प्राचीन) name the SAME office with the SAME qualifications, not two distinct ranks. बिशप rejected — no historic episcopal tradition in the region to anchor the loanword. Sole occurrence Titus 1:7.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: एक पत्नीक पति
Transliteration: ek patnīk pati
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: विश्वासयोग्य (bare ‘faithful,’ too vague)
NEW for Titus — culturally load-bearing. Directly confronts the historic Maithil Brahmin kulin polygamy custom (multiple wives taken to preserve/enhance Panjikaran-verified lineage prestige). Must remain a concrete, specific requirement, never softened into vague fidelity language that could read as compatible with plural marriage. Requires joint human theologian and native-speaker review. Sole occurrence Titus 1:6.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: स्वस्थ शिक्षा
Transliteration: svasth śikṣā
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध शिक्षा, सत्य सिद्धान्त
NEW for Titus. Deliberately preserves Paul’s own ‘healthy teaching’ metaphor, contrasted with the ‘sick,’ divisive false teaching of 1:10-16 and 3:9-11, rather than flattening to a generic ‘correct/true teaching.’ Occurs Titus 1:9; 2:1; extended to Titus’s own ‘sound speech’ at 2:8.
Good Works
Approved rendering: नीक काज
Transliteration: nīk kāj
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works / Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: सुकर्म, पुण्य कर्म
NEW for Titus. Deliberately built from native vocabulary (नीक + काज), avoiding the Sanskrit कर्म root’s karma-merit associations. Mandatory doctrinal note at every occurrence: names the FRUIT of grace and regeneration, never the CAUSE of salvation. Recurs six times: 1:16; 2:7,2:14; 3:1,3:8,3:14 — identical rendering required at every occurrence.
Savior
Approved rendering: उद्धारकर्ता
Transliteration: uddhārkartā
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: त्राता (epic-hero-adjacent), भगवान (bare)
NEW for Titus, built on the fixed उद्धार root. Applied to the Father at 1:3; 2:10; 3:4, and to the Son at 1:4; 2:13; 3:6 — six occurrences total, reinforcing shared divine identity without collapsing the Persons. Every occurrence needs a note distinguishing this single, unique, historical Savior from the Bhagavad Gītā’s own periodically-appearing avatar-savior motif (Gītā 4.7-8), a close conceptual parallel local to this audience’s devotional literature.
Works Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकताक कामक कारणे नहि
Transliteration: dhārmiktāk kāmak kāraṇe nahi
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
NEW for Titus. The single clearest verse in Titus for this doctrine (3:5). Must land as a flat, unambiguous negation — vulnerable either to being softened (‘works still contribute somewhat’) or overcorrected into a fatalistic dismissal of works generally, which would contradict 3:8/3:14. Mandatory human theologian review. Sole occurrence Titus 3:5.
Redeem
Approved rendering: छुटकारा देब
Transliteration: chuṭkārā deb
Doctrine: Purification and Redemption by Christ
Rejected alternatives: उद्धार (alone, loses ransom-cost nuance)
NEW for Titus, reusing the ‘specific rescue-narrative’ sense of छुटकारा already permitted in the Romans baseline salvation entry. Must not be softened into उद्धार alone, nor read as karma being ‘paid off’ through accumulated merit. Sole occurrence Titus 2:14.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: नवजन्म
Transliteration: navjanam
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN — names Hindu reincarnation), पुनर्जीवन
NEW for Titus — the HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN THE BOOK. The Greek is literally ‘again-birth’; a naive gloss lands directly on पुनर्जन्म, permanently forbidden in the Romans baseline for ‘resurrection.’ नवजन्म (नव ‘new,’ not पुनर् ‘again’) names a single, decisive, once-for-all Spirit-wrought re-origination, categorically distinct from cyclical rebirth. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence; requires human theologian review without exception. Sole occurrence Titus 3:5.
Submit
Approved rendering: अधीन रहब / अधीनता
Transliteration: adhīn rahab / adhīntā
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: वशीभूत होएब (suggests coerced/dominated submission)
NEW for Titus. CRITICAL: central verb across all three domains — wives/husbands (2:5), household slaves/masters (2:9), citizens/rulers (3:1). Must be presented as voluntary, gospel-witness-motivated ordering under legitimate authority, never as endorsement of caste-based subordination or coerced bonded-labor submission. Mandatory human theologian review at each occurrence.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: फूट डालनिहार
Transliteration: phūṭ ḍālnihār
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: विधर्मी (too doctrinally abstract/excommunication-flavored)
NEW for Titus. Native compound preserving the relational, congregation-dividing sense over an abstract ‘heretic’ classification; central to the two-step warning-then-separation process of 3:10. Sole occurrence Titus 3:10.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace / Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Titus, grace is personified as the acting subject that ‘appears’ (2:11) and ‘trains’ (2:12), and is the instrumental ground of justification (3:7). Must remain visibly distinct from दया (mercy), which Titus uses in close proximity (1:4; 3:5,3:7) as a related but separate divine attribute — see mercy entry below.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs Titus 1:1,1:13; 2:2,2:10; 3:8,3:15. Also underlies the fixed formula ‘the saying is trustworthy’ (ई बात विश्वासयोग्य अछि, 3:8) — see trustworthy_saying entry.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs Titus 1:8 (elder qualification, ἅγιος) and within ‘Holy Spirit’ at 3:5. Kept distinct from the related-but-different ὅσιος (‘devout,’ rendered सदाचारी) at 1:8 — see just_and_holy_character entry.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: byavasthā
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs Titus 3:9 (‘quarrels about the law’) and underlies 3:13’s νομικός (lawyer, व्यवस्थाक ज्ञाता). Never धर्म.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 2:13, describing Christ’s future glorious appearing (ἐπιφάνεια). Avoid light-imagery terms that could conflate with Puranic divine-radiance narrative.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक चुनाव
Transliteration: parameśvarak cunāv
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत, प्रारब्ध
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 1:1 (‘God’s elect’), rendered as the genitive phrase परमेश्वरक चुनल लोकनिक.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 3:11 (‘sins’), describing the self-condemned divisive person’s ongoing wrongdoing.
Godliness
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरनिष्ठा / परमेश्वरनिष्ठापूर्वक
Transliteration: parameśvar-niṣṭhā / parameśvar-niṣṭhāpūrvak
Doctrine: Godliness
Rejected alternatives: भक्ति, श्रद्धा, धर्मपरायणता
NEW for Titus — coined term. भक्ति is explicitly barred as it is already rejected in the Romans baseline as an alternative for FAITH due to full Ram-Sita/Shiva bhakti-tradition weight (Vidyapati’s poetry). निष्ठा carries no specific bhakti-tradition freight. Occurs Titus 1:1; 2:12 (adverbial). Mandatory note: names the transformed life flowing FROM grace’s training, never a devotional path earning divine favor.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: ईश्वरविहीनता
Transliteration: īśvar-vihīntā
Doctrine: Godliness
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अभक्ति
NEW for Titus. Negative counterpart to godliness; avoids both धर्म-root (Critical-barred elsewhere for righteousness/duty) and भक्ति-root (barred for faith/godliness). Sole occurrence Titus 2:12.
Worldly Passions
Approved rendering: सांसारिक कुइच्छा
Transliteration: sāṅsārik kuicchā
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: सांसारिक वासना
NEW for Titus. वासना avoided — carries Hindu/Buddhist karmically-conditioned latent-desire connotation. Mandatory note: ‘worldly’ means ‘of the present fallen age,’ not ‘of the cycle of rebirth,’ despite सांसारिक’s संसार root. Sole occurrence Titus 2:12.
Self Control
Approved rendering: संयमी / संयम / संयमपूर्वक
Transliteration: sanyamī / sanyam / sanyampūrvak
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living / Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: तपस्या-सम्बन्धी शब्द, तप, नियंत्रण (bare)
NEW for Titus. Recurs across the σωφρ- word family: 1:8; 2:2,2:4,2:5,2:6,2:12. Must be distinguished from ascetic tapasya-style self-discipline pursued as merit toward liberation; NT self-control is Spirit/grace-enabled fruit.
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: अवाध्य
Transliteration: avādhya
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders / Submission to Authority
NEW for Titus. Same root as submission (ὑποτάσσω) negated; keep visibly connected to that word family across the book. Occurs Titus 1:6 (of children) and 1:10 (of false teachers). Elevated to High given its structural link to the Critical Submission to Authority doctrine.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works / Mercy and Grace Distinguished
NEW for Titus. दया was rejected in the Romans baseline only as a substitute for GRACE, not as its own term; here it is the correct, distinct rendering for ἔλεος. Must remain visibly distinct from अनुग्रह (grace) at every close co-occurrence (1:4; 3:5,3:7): mercy withholds deserved judgment, grace bestows undeserved favor.
Purify
Approved rendering: शुद्ध करब
Transliteration: śuddh karab
Doctrine: Purification and Redemption by Christ
NEW for Titus. शुद्ध already flagged in the Romans baseline as leaning toward ritual purity, especially loaded given Panjikaran lineage-purity concerns; here the text is precisely about CHRIST doing the purifying (decisive moral cleansing), not a human-performed ritual rite. Sole occurrence Titus 2:14.
Peculiar People
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक निज प्रजा
Transliteration: parameśvarak nij prajā
Doctrine: Purification and Redemption by Christ
NEW for Titus. OT covenant-possession language (Exodus 19:5; Deuteronomy 7:6, 14:2); requires background explanation, as with ‘seed of David’ in the Romans baseline. Sole occurrence Titus 2:14.
Renewal
Approved rendering: नवीकरण
Transliteration: navīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
NEW for Titus. Must be kept distinct from नवजन्म (the single decisive event): नवीकरण is the Spirit’s ongoing renewing work following it, closely related to but not identical with पवित्रीकरण (sanctification, fixed in the Romans baseline). Sole occurrence Titus 3:5.
Heir
Approved rendering: उत्तराधिकारी
Transliteration: uttarādhikārī
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit / Adoption into God’s Family
NEW for Titus. HIGH risk given Mithila’s strong patrilineal property-inheritance customs: leverage positively (as with ‘adoption’ in the Romans baseline) to stress full inheritance rights granted by grace, but clarify as spiritual inheritance, not material/lineage property inheritance. Sole occurrence Titus 3:7.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: anant jīvan
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष
NEW for Titus. Distinguish from मोक्ष (already Critical-forbidden in the Romans baseline for ‘salvation’): unending, personal, relational life WITH a personal God, not liberation into an impersonal absolute. Occurs Titus 1:2; 3:7.
Hope
Approved rendering: आशा / धन्य आशा
Transliteration: āśā / dhanya āśā
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: प्रारब्ध, भाग्य
NEW for Titus. Must not be heard as generic optimism or fatalistic resignation; contrast with प्रारब्ध/भाग्य (fate), already Critical-flagged in the Romans baseline under providence/election. Occurs Titus 1:2; 2:13 (‘blessed hope’); 3:7.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: शासक आ अधिकारी
Transliteration: śāsak ā adhikārī
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
NEW for Titus. Present civic government, not spiritual ‘principalities.’ Given Mithila’s own historic royal-kingdom identity (House of Janak), care is needed that this reads as present civic government, not an idealized ancient kingdom narrative. Sole occurrence Titus 3:1.
Household Slaves Masters
Approved rendering: दास आ स्वामी
Transliteration: dās ā svāmī
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
NEW for Titus — culturally sensitive. Requires a substantial translator/teacher note distinguishing this passage’s ancient Greco-Roman household-slavery context from contemporary caste-based servitude or bonded labor; neither endorses slavery nor warrants caste hierarchy. Distinguish register from Paul’s own dignified self-designation (परमेश्वरक सेवक, 1:1). Sole occurrence Titus 2:9.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: व्यर्थ विवाद
Transliteration: vyarth vivād
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Central term for this doctrine’s name. Sole occurrence Titus 3:9.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: वंशावली
Transliteration: vanśāvalī
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus — culturally load-bearing. Direct resonance with Panjikaran, Mithila’s living genealogical-registry institution. Mandatory note clarifying Paul targets speculative, divisive theological pedigree-claims specifically, NOT genealogical record-keeping as a social practice. Sole occurrence Titus 3:9.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: सत्यक ज्ञान
Transliteration: satyak jñān
Doctrine: False Teachers and Sound Speech
NEW for Titus. Risk: ज्ञान (jñāna) is the central term of the Hindu jñāna-mārga (path of knowledge as liberation route); must be clarified as accurate, revealed doctrinal knowledge of God’s truth in Christ, not mystical self-realization. Sole occurrence Titus 1:1.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Godliness
NEW for Titus. HIGH risk: प्रेम also carries the full weight of Vidyapati’s celebrated Radha-Krishna erotic-devotional love poetry (prema-bhakti); mandatory note clarifying ἀγάπη names selfless, covenantal, others-directed Christian love, not romantic/erotic devotional prema. Occurs Titus 2:2 (the ‘sound in faith, love, endurance’ triad).
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेक
Transliteration: vivek
Doctrine: False Teachers and Sound Speech
Rejected alternatives: अंतरात्मा
NEW for Titus. Must not be conflated with अंतरात्मा (Vedantic/Jain overtone of an inner divine spark/true Self); विवेक names the personal moral faculty of discernment, answerable to a personal God. Sole occurrence Titus 1:15.
Pure Defiled
Approved rendering: शुद्ध / अशुद्ध
Transliteration: śuddh / aśuddh
Doctrine: False Teachers and Sound Speech
NEW for Titus. This verse’s theological point (purity is a matter of a transformed mind/conscience, not external ritual distinction) directly engages the region’s own ritual/lineage-purity codes (Panjikaran-adjacent) and must read as positive biblical teaching, not a casual dismissal of purity concern. Sole occurrence Titus 1:15.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: यहूदी गप्प
Transliteration: Yahūdī gapp
Doctrine: False Teachers and Sound Speech
Rejected alternatives: कथा (reserved for the dignified regional Puranic/Ramayana storytelling register)
NEW for Titus. गप्प (‘idle tale/fable’) chosen over कथा specifically to avoid dignifying these speculative teachings with the register reserved for the region’s own revered narrative tradition. Sole occurrence Titus 1:14.
Philanthropia
Approved rendering: मानव-प्रेम
Transliteration: mānav-prem
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: परोपकार
NEW for Titus. Avoid परोपकार, which in regional ethical vocabulary names general dharmic charitable duty (merit-generating) rather than God’s own redemptive disposition toward humanity. Sole occurrence Titus 3:4.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 1:4 salutation triad (grace, mercy, peace).
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Sole occurrence Titus 1:1, Paul’s self-designation. Never पंडित — see elder/overseer entries below for why पंडित is barred throughout this package.
Present Age
Approved rendering: वर्तमान युग
Transliteration: vartamān yug
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: संसार, इहलोक
NEW for Titus. Avoid संसार/इहलोक to keep clear of samsara-cycle overtones; brief clarifying gloss (‘the present period of history before Christ’s return’) recommended at first use. Sole occurrence Titus 2:12.
Steward
Approved rendering: भण्डारी
Transliteration: bhaṇḍārī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: प्रबंधक
NEW for Titus. The overseer manages God’s household on God’s behalf, not his own estate. Sole occurrence Titus 1:7.
Blameless
Approved rendering: निर्दोष
Transliteration: nirdoṣ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW for Titus. First-named elder/overseer qualification. Occurs Titus 1:6,1:7.
Just And Holy Character
Approved rendering: धार्मिक / सदाचारी
Transliteration: dhārmik / sadācārī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: धर्म-root for either
NEW for Titus. धार्मिक reuses the fixed righteousness root (never धर्म); सदाचारी (‘of virtuous/devout conduct’) is kept distinct from पवित्र (the ἅγιος word family). Sole occurrence Titus 1:8.
Elder Virtues
Approved rendering: सचेत / गंभीर / अतिथि-सत्कारी / भलाईक प्रेमी
Transliteration: sacet / gambhīr / atithi-satkārī / bhalāīk premī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW for Titus. φιλόξενος (hospitable) has positive cultural resonance with the regional ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ guest-honor custom — a useful teaching bridge, but must be framed as a required elder qualification, not merely general social custom. Occurs Titus 1:8; cf. 2:2,2:7.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: अयोग्य
Transliteration: ayogya
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
NEW for Titus. Sole occurrence Titus 1:16, describing false professors ‘disqualified for any good work.‘
Rebuke
Approved rendering: फटकारब
Transliteration: phaṭkārab
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
NEW for Titus. Corrective confrontation of wrong belief/conduct, paired with exhort (उत्साहित करब). Occurs Titus 1:9,1:13; 2:15.
Adorn The Doctrine
Approved rendering: शिक्षाकेँ शोभा देब
Transliteration: śikṣākẽ śobhā deb
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works / Christian Witness Before Outsiders
NEW for Titus. A positive, memorable image climaxing the household instructions of ch.2, directly anticipating the ‘trained by grace’ theme of 2:11-12. Sole occurrence Titus 2:10.
Washing
Approved rendering: धोवन
Transliteration: dhovan
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: स्नान
NEW for Titus. स्नान avoided — carries strong regional ritual/pilgrimage-bathing associations (Ganga-snān, tīrtha-snān) suggesting a repeatable purification rite rather than the once-for-all reality in view. Sole occurrence Titus 3:5.
Poured Out
Approved rendering: उझलि देब
Transliteration: ujhali deb
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
NEW for Titus. Describes the abundant, generous giving of the Spirit — echoes Joel 2:28/Acts 2:17 Pentecost language. Sole occurrence Titus 3:6.
Obedient Civic
Approved rendering: आज्ञा मानब
Transliteration: ājñā mānab
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
NEW for Titus. Kept distinct from the fixed compound ‘obedience of faith’ (विश्वासक आज्ञाकारिता) in the Romans baseline — civic obedience is a fruit of godliness, not itself the obedience-of-faith. Sole occurrence Titus 3:1.
Strife Quarrels About Law
Approved rendering: कलह आ व्यवस्था-सम्बन्धी झगड़ा
Transliteration: kalah ā byavasthā-sambandhī jhagड़ā
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Reuses the fixed व्यवस्था (Law) root. Sole occurrence Titus 3:9.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सेवक
Transliteration: parameśvarak sevak
Doctrine: Apostleship
NEW for Titus. Paul’s dignified opening self-identification, distinct in register from the literal household-slave references at 2:9 (दास). Sole occurrence Titus 1:1.
Preaching
Approved rendering: प्रचार
Transliteration: pracār
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
NEW for Titus. Consistent with the Romans baseline ‘mission’ rendering (सुसमाचार प्रचार); reuses प्रचार root. Sole occurrence Titus 1:3.
Endurance
Approved rendering: धैर्य
Transliteration: dhairya
Doctrine: Godliness
NEW for Titus. Third member of the ‘sound in faith, love, endurance’ triad. Sole occurrence Titus 2:2.
Mind
Approved rendering: मन
Transliteration: man
Doctrine: False Teachers and Sound Speech
NEW for Titus. Paired with conscience as both defiled in the unbelieving. Sole occurrence Titus 1:15.
Slanderer
Approved rendering: निन्दक
Transliteration: nindak
Doctrine: Godliness
NEW for Titus. Common-noun use of διάβολος (one who slanders); must not be rendered with a term suggesting the person IS literally demonic/possessed — keep clearly distinct from शैतान (Satan, proper name). Sole occurrence Titus 2:3.
Chaste Working At Home
Approved rendering: शुद्ध चरित्रवाली / घर-गृहस्थीक काजमे निपुण
Transliteration: śuddh caritravālī / ghar-gṛhasthīk kājme nipuṇ
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
NEW for Titus. Specific pastoral counsel to a particular first-century household context; avoid over-generalizing into a timeless universal restriction of women to domestic roles alone. Sole occurrence Titus 2:5.
Older Man Woman
Approved rendering: बुजुर्ग पुरुष / बुजुर्ग स्त्री
Transliteration: buzurg puruṣ / buzurg strī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW for Titus. Age-based description, NOT the church office (मण्डलीक प्राचीन). Mandatory disambiguation note given the shared Greek root πρεσβύτερος/πρεσβύτης. Occurs Titus 2:2,2:3.
Integrity
Approved rendering: सत्यनिष्ठा
Transliteration: satyaniṣṭhā
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
NEW for Titus. Describes the quality of Titus’s own teaching and demeanor, paired with dignity (गंभीरता). Sole occurrence Titus 2:7.
Pleasures
Approved rendering: सुख-भोग
Transliteration: sukh-bhog
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: वासना, भोग (bare)
NEW for Titus. Note distinct from भोग’s karma-doctrine resonance (accumulated sensory experience tied to past-life merit/demerit). Sole occurrence Titus 3:3.
Goodness
Approved rendering: भलाई
Transliteration: bhalāī
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: कृपा (reserved for non-salvific ordinary compassion contexts only, per baseline)
NEW for Titus. God’s kind disposition toward the undeserving; paired attribute alongside φιλανθρωπία. Sole occurrence Titus 3:4.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: ई बात विश्वासयोग्य अछि
Transliteration: ī bāt viśvāsyogya achi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
NEW for Titus. Fixed formula built on विश्वास (Faith, fixed in Romans baseline); keep this exact formula consistent if the same Greek phrase recurs in other Pastoral Epistles under this same language package. Sole occurrence Titus 3:8.
Speak Evil Of
Approved rendering: निन्दा करब
Transliteration: nindā karab
Doctrine: Godliness
NEW for Titus. Same Greek root covers both ‘blaspheme God’s word’ (2:5) and ‘slander people’ (3:2) — disambiguate by grammatical object; register determined by context. Occurs Titus 2:5; 3:2.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs Titus 1:9; 2:6; 2:15, consistently the ‘encourage/build up’ sense, paired with rebuke (फटकारब).
Elder Disqualifying Vices
Approved rendering: हठी / क्रोधी / मद्यपी / हिंसक / अनुचित लाभक लोभी
Transliteration: haṭhī / krodhī / madyapī / hinsak / anucit lābhak lobhī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW for Titus. Standard disqualifying vices for the elder/overseer office; low ambiguity in Maithili. Sole occurrence Titus 1:7.
Profitable
Approved rendering: लाभदायक
Transliteration: lābhdāyak
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
NEW for Titus. Contrasted directly with the ‘unprofitable’ controversies of 3:9. Sole occurrence Titus 3:8.
Pattern Of Good Works
Approved rendering: नीक कामक आदर्श
Transliteration: nīk kāmak ādarś
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
NEW for Titus. Titus himself is called to embody the good-works theme, not merely teach it. Sole occurrence Titus 2:7.
Unprofitable And Worthless
Approved rendering: निष्फल आ व्यर्थ
Transliteration: niṣphal ā vyarth
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Direct contrast with the ‘good and profitable’ good-works theme of 3:8. Sole occurrence Titus 3:9.
Admonition
Approved rendering: चेतावनी
Transliteration: cetāvanī
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Prescribed step in the two-step pastoral process before separating from a divisive person. Sole occurrence Titus 3:10.
Self Condemned
Approved rendering: अपनहि अपनाकेँ दोषी ठहरएनिहार
Transliteration: apanahi apanākẽ doṣī ṭharaenihār
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Explains why separation from the unrepentant divisive person is warranted. Sole occurrence Titus 3:11.
God Who Never Lies
Approved rendering: नहि झूठ बजनिहार परमेश्वर
Transliteration: nahi jhūṭh bajnihār parameśvar
Doctrine: God
NEW for Titus. Grounds the reliability of the promise of eternal life ‘before the ages began.’ Reuses fixed परमेश्वर. Sole occurrence Titus 1:2.
Teachers Of Good
Approved rendering: नीक शिक्षा देनिहारि
Transliteration: nīk śikṣā denihāri
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
NEW for Titus. Positive role for older women training younger women. Sole occurrence Titus 2:3.
Well Pleasing
Approved rendering: संतोषजनक
Transliteration: santoṣjanak
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
NEW for Titus. Household slaves’ stated aim in service. Sole occurrence Titus 2:9.
Pre Conversion Condition
Approved rendering: मूर्ख / अवज्ञाकारी / भरमाओल
Transliteration: mūrkh / avajñākārī / bharmāol
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
NEW for Titus. Universal pre-conversion state Paul includes himself and Titus’s readers within (‘we ourselves’), directly contrasted with God’s kindness at 3:4. Sole occurrence Titus 3:3 (अवज्ञाकारी root also at 1:16).
Malice Envy
Approved rendering: द्वेष आ ईर्ष्या
Transliteration: dveṣ ā īrṣyā
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
NEW for Titus. Interpersonal vices marking pre-conversion life, contrasted with God’s kindness/love-for-mankind in the following verse. Sole occurrence Titus 3:3.
Gentle Quarrelsome
Approved rendering: नम्र / झगड़ा नहि करनिहार / विनम्रता
Transliteration: namra / jhagड़ā nahi karnihār / vinamratā
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Directly relevant to Avoiding Divisive Controversies — a settled disposition, not merely occasional restraint. Occurs Titus 3:2.
Lawyer
Approved rendering: व्यवस्थाक ज्ञाता
Transliteration: byavasthāk jñātā
Doctrine: Covenant
NEW for Titus. Zenas’s profession, a contextual, non-doctrinal descriptor reusing the fixed व्यवस्था root. Sole occurrence Titus 3:13.
Referenced passages