Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis: 1 Corinthians — English → Maithili
Purpose
This document catalogs every Old Testament quotation and allusion, every messianic reference, every typological pattern, and every significant parallel to the Romans baseline (or to other doctrines already fixed in this language package) found across the full text of 1 Corinthians, chapter by chapter. Its purpose is to (a) ensure translators recognize when a 1 Corinthians passage is quoting or echoing material already rendered elsewhere in this language package, so the Maithili rendering stays consistent, and (b) flag translation-sensitivity issues distinct from ordinary vocabulary risk — chiefly, places where an OT background concept could be misread through a Mithila-specific interpretive lens.
Method follows 07_semantic_analysis.md and 08_core_glossary.md: every chapter is reviewed; chapters contributing no OT quotation/allusion are explicitly noted as reviewed, not silently skipped.
PART A — Chapter-by-Chapter Cross-Reference Matrix
Chapter 1 — Wisdom, Boasting, and the Call on the Lord’s Name
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 1:2 | Joel 2:32 | Allusion (“all who call upon the name of our Lord Jesus Christ”) | Universal Scope of the Gospel | — | Direct parallel to Romans 10:13, which quotes the same Joel verse verbatim. The Maithili rendering of “call upon the name of the Lord” must be identical in both curricula. | Reinforces baseline’s “universal_scope_of_gospel” doctrine (no caste/lineage barrier); render consistently with existing Romans 10:13 phrasing. |
| 1 Corinthians 1:19 | Isaiah 29:14 | Direct quotation (“I will destroy the wisdom of the wise…”) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | — | Thematically parallel to Romans 1:22 (“claiming to be wise, they became fools”) though not a shared quotation. | High sensitivity: risk of being heard as blanket anti-intellectualism against Mithila’s Nyāya/pandit scholarly identity; must be scoped to self-sufficient wisdom that excludes the cross (see 08_core_glossary बुद्धि note). |
| 1 Corinthians 1:31 | Jeremiah 9:23-24 | Direct quotation (“Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord”) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power / Grace | — | Same quotation recurs at 2 Corinthians 10:17 (outside this curriculum but same language package family); render consistently if that curriculum is later processed. | Low-medium; must clarify “boasting in the Lord” is grateful acknowledgment, not devotional self-praise before a chosen deity. |
Chapter 2 — The Hidden Wisdom of God
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 2:9 | Isaiah 64:4 (loosely combined with Isaiah 65:17) | Loose/composite citation (“what no eye has seen, nor ear heard…”) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | — | No direct Romans parallel; conceptually related to Romans 8:18 (“the glory that is to be revealed”). | Medium: this is not a verbatim OT quotation but a paraphrastic composite; translators should not search for an exact word-for-word Maithili OT equivalent — render the sense, flag as “loosely drawn from Isaiah.” |
| 1 Corinthians 2:16 | Isaiah 40:13 | Direct quotation (“who has understood the mind of the Lord…”) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | — | Same verse quoted at Romans 11:34, within the Romans baseline’s doxology (11:33-36, providence doctrine). Must render identically in both curricula. | High: consistency-critical shared quotation; check Romans 11:34’s existing Maithili rendering before translating here. |
Chapter 3 — Foundation, Fire, and Temple
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 3:19 | Job 5:13 | Direct quotation (“He catches the wise in their craftiness”) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | Job (background source, not a character in the passage) | No Romans parallel. | Medium; reinforces ch.1-2 wisdom theme — same scoping caution as 1:19. |
| 1 Corinthians 3:20 | Psalm 94:11 | Direct quotation (“The Lord knows the thoughts of the wise, that they are futile”) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | — | No Romans parallel. | Medium; same caution as above. |
| 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 | Allusion to OT temple/indwelling-presence theology (cf. Exodus 25:8; Leviticus 26:11-12) | Allusion | Church Discipline and Holiness | — | Conceptually parallel to Romans 8:9-11 (the Spirit dwelling in believers), though “temple” language is new to this curriculum. | High: see 08_core_glossary मन्दिर note — must read as the Spirit’s indwelling of the gathered community, not a literal shrine or self-divinization claim. |
Chapter 4 — Stewards Under Judgment
Reviewed. No direct OT quotation or clear specific-verse allusion found in this chapter. 4:6’s “do not go beyond what is written” refers to a general apostolic principle, not a specific citation. No new cross-reference material; the chapter continues the ch.1-3 wisdom/judgment theme without introducing new external quotations.
Chapter 5 — Purging Old Leaven, Christ Our Passover
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 5:6-8 | Exodus 12:15-20; 13:6-7 | Typology (unleavened bread/Passover) | Church Discipline and Holiness / The Lord’s Supper | — | No Romans parallel; extends the baseline’s “fulfillment_of_prophecy” doctrine pattern into typological (not verbal-quotation) fulfillment. | High: Christ as “our Passover” (5:7) is messianic/typological fulfillment of Exodus 12; must be distinguished from ongoing regional blood-sacrifice/offering practice at Shakta shrines (see 08_core_glossary फसह note). |
| 1 Corinthians 5:13 | Deuteronomy 17:7 (cf. 19:19; 22:21-24; 24:7) | Direct quotation (“Purge the evil person from among you”) | Church Discipline and Holiness | — | No Romans parallel. | High: must read as restorative church discipline exercised corporately, not vindictive individual punishment or curse. |
Chapter 6 — Lawsuits, Sexual Purity, the Body
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 6:16 | Genesis 2:24 | Direct quotation (“the two shall become one flesh”) | Marriage and Singleness | Adam, Eve (background) | Same verse is foundational OT background for the marriage theology developed in Ephesians 5 (outside this curriculum) but not separately quoted in Romans. | Medium: must be read here as establishing the gravity of sexual union (used to argue against uniting with a prostitute), not primarily as marriage instruction — that comes in ch.7. |
| 1 Corinthians 6:19 | Allusion to OT temple/indwelling theology (cf. Ezekiel 37:27) | Allusion | Christian Liberty / Church Discipline and Holiness | — | Extends 3:16-17’s corporate temple image to the individual body. | High: same मन्दिर caution as ch.3, intensified — applied to the individual believer’s body, requiring extra care against a self-divinization misreading. |
Chapter 7 — Marriage, Singleness, Calling
Reviewed. No direct OT quotation. A background echo of Genesis 1:28’s creation mandate (“be fruitful and multiply”) is implicit in the cultural weight of marriage but is not cited or argued from directly by Paul; the chapter’s authority is Paul’s own apostolic instruction and “a word of the Lord” (7:10, referring to Jesus’ teaching, not an OT citation). No new cross-reference material beyond what is already flagged in 08_core_glossary regarding the Sita-Ram marriage-ideal collision risk.
Chapter 8 — Idol Meat and the Shema
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 8:4-6 | Deuteronomy 6:4 (the Shema: “Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one”) | Allusion, with explicit Christological expansion (“yet for us there is one God, the Father… and one Lord, Jesus Christ”) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / Deity of Christ | — | Parallels Romans 11:36 (“from him and through him and to him are all things”) and the baseline’s monotheistic framing of God (परमेश्वर). | Critical: this verse places Jesus Christ within Israel’s foundational monotheistic confession — the highest-stakes Christological move in the chapter. Must not be softened to imply two separate gods (Father and a subordinate divine being); render so that “one Lord” stands inside, not beside, the Shema’s monotheism. |
Chapter 9 — Apostolic Rights and the Ox
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 9:9-10 | Deuteronomy 25:4 | Direct quotation (“You shall not muzzle an ox while it treads out the grain”) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power (ministry integrity) | — | Same verse is quoted again in 1 Timothy 5:18 (outside this language package’s current scope, but note for future consistency). | Medium: Paul’s argument moves from an agricultural law to a principle of fair ministry support — the translation must preserve this as an argument from Scripture, not merely a farming proverb. |
| 1 Corinthians 9:13 | Allusion to Numbers 18:8-13; Deuteronomy 18:1-3 | Allusion (temple priests eating from the altar) | The Cross as Wisdom and Power (ministry integrity) | — | No Romans parallel. | Low-medium. |
Chapter 10 — Israel’s Wilderness Warning and the Lord’s Table
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 10:1-2 | Exodus 13:21-22; 14:19-22 | Typology (“baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea”) | The Lord’s Supper / Christian Liberty | Moses | No Romans parallel; new baptismal typology for this curriculum (see 08_core_glossary बपतिस्मा). | Medium; establishes Israel’s Exodus experience as a type of Christian baptism — historical event, not myth-cycle. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:3-4 | Exodus 16 (manna); Exodus 17:6, Numbers 20:11 (water from the rock) | Typology + direct typological identification (“the Rock was Christ”) | The Lord’s Supper / Deity of Christ | Moses | No direct Romans parallel; conceptually resonant with Romans’ emphasis on Christ’s active presence in salvation history. | High: “the Rock was Christ” (10:4) is a striking pre-existence/Christological claim — Christ present and active in the OT narrative itself, not merely foreshadowed. Must not be flattened into a mere literary metaphor. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:7 | Exodus 32:6 | Direct quotation (“The people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play”) | Church Discipline and Holiness / Idol Meat | Israel (golden calf narrative) | No Romans parallel. | Medium; golden-calf idolatry as the historical warning-paradigm behind Paul’s idol-meat argument. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:8 | Numbers 25:1-9 | Allusion (sexual immorality with Moabite/Midianite women, 23,000 fell) | Church Discipline and Holiness | Israel | No Romans parallel. | Medium; historical incident, requires brief narrative context for readers unfamiliar with the OT account. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:9 | Numbers 21:5-6 | Allusion (testing “Christ” in the wilderness, fiery serpents) | Deity of Christ | Israel | No Romans parallel. | High: identifies the pre-incarnate Christ as the one Israel tested in the wilderness — same Christological weight as 10:4. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:10 | Numbers 14:2; 16:41-49 | Allusion (grumbling, the destroyer) | Church Discipline and Holiness | Israel | No Romans parallel. | Low-medium. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:20-21 | Deuteronomy 32:17 | Allusion (“what pagans sacrifice they offer to demons and not to God”) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | No Romans parallel. | Critical: directly names the spiritual reality behind idol sacrifice as demonic, not neutral; has acute relevance to active regional Shakta ritual-offering practice — must communicate genuine spiritual incompatibility with the Lord’s table, not mere social etiquette (see 08_core_glossary “table of the Lord/demons” note). |
| 1 Corinthians 10:26 | Psalm 24:1 | Direct quotation (“The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it”) | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | No Romans parallel. | Low; grounds Christian liberty to eat ordinary market food in God’s universal ownership of creation. |
Chapter 11 — Head Coverings, Creation Order, the Lord’s Supper
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 11:7-9 | Genesis 1:26-27; 2:18-23 | Allusion (creation order: man as image/glory of God, woman made from/for man) | Order in Worship | Adam, Eve | No Romans parallel. | High: the argument is grounded in the created order, not in a social-modesty custom; must be kept distinct from Mithila’s pre-existing purdah/ghũghaṭ tradition, which rests on different (social-honor) grounds (see 08_core_glossary सिर ढाकब note). |
| 1 Corinthians 11:23-25 | Exodus 24:8 (covenant blood); Jeremiah 31:31-34 (new covenant) | Allusion / typological fulfillment (“this cup is the new covenant in my blood”) | The Lord’s Supper | — | Directly connects to the baseline’s covenant doctrine (वाचा) — the Romans baseline’s covenant entry, built around the Davidic covenant, must be read alongside this new-covenant fulfillment; use the same वाचा term for consistency. | Critical: “new covenant in my blood” must use वाचा (not अनुबंध), preserving the relational-covenant sense already fixed in the Romans baseline, now applied to the Lord’s Supper’s institution. |
Chapter 12 — One Body, Many Members
Reviewed. No direct OT quotation. The body-metaphor itself has no single OT source text (though it stands in implicit contrast, per 08_core_glossary, with the Puruṣasūkta’s non-biblical hierarchical body-caste theology — a cultural collision risk, not a biblical cross-reference). Its primary intra-canonical parallel is Romans 12:4-5 (“we, though many, are one body in Christ, and individually members one of another”) — the two passages should be read, and rendered, as complementary expositions of the same body-of-Christ doctrine; ensure अंग/देह terminology is consistent with however Romans 12:4-5 was rendered in that curriculum’s Phase 2 output.
Chapter 13 — Love, the Greater Way
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 13:4-7 | Background echo of Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor as yourself”) | Allusion (conceptual, not quoted) | Love as the Greater Way | — | Direct thematic parallel to Romans 13:8-10 (“love is the fulfilling of the law,” also rooted in Leviticus 19:18). Both passages describe ἀγάπη-love’s behavioral content; the Maithili प्रेम + translator-note convention established in 08_core_glossary must be applied consistently wherever this Romans parallel is also processed. | Critical: see 08_core_glossary प्रेम note — must never be illustrated via Radha-Krishna romantic-devotional imagery in either curriculum. |
Chapter 14 — Prophecy, Tongues, and Order
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 14:21 | Isaiah 28:11-12 | Direct quotation (“By people of strange tongues… I will speak to this people”) | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ / Order in Worship | — | No Romans parallel. | High: reinforces 08_core_glossary’s caution that “tongues” (अन्य भाषा) must be distinguished from regional trance/oracular possession-speech. |
| 1 Corinthians 14:25 | Isaiah 45:14; cf. Zechariah 8:23 | Allusion (“falling on his face, he will worship God and declare that God is really among you”) | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | — | No Romans parallel. | Medium. |
Chapter 15 — Resurrection (Full Chapter, Including Core Passage)
| Passage | OT/Source Reference | Connection Type | Theme | Related Character(s) | Romans/Curriculum Parallel | Maithili Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 | Broad fulfillment formula (“according to the Scriptures”) — background: Isaiah 53:5-6, 8-9; Psalm 16:10; Hosea 6:2 (typological “third day”) | Messianic fulfillment (composite, not single-verse quotation) | Resurrection of Christ and Believers / Fulfillment of Prophecy | — | Directly parallels Romans 1:2-4’s “promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures” — same fulfillment logic; render शास्त्र अनुसार consistently with however Romans anchored this formula. | Critical: same शास्त्र caution flagged in 07_semantic_analysis — must anchor to the Hebrew OT corpus specifically, distinct from the region’s own śāstra tradition. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:25 | Psalm 110:1 | Direct quotation (“He must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet”) | Lordship of Christ / Resurrection | David (author) | No direct Romans quotation of this verse, but thematically parallel to Romans 8:34 (Christ’s present reign/intercession). | High; reinforces exclusive, supreme Lordship (baseline प्रभु doctrine). |
| 1 Corinthians 15:27 | Psalm 8:6 | Direct quotation (“He has put all things in subjection under his feet”) | Lordship of Christ / Resurrection | — | No Romans parallel. | Medium. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:32 | Isaiah 22:13 | Direct quotation (“Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die”) | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | — | No Romans parallel. | Low; cited by Paul as the (rejected) logical conclusion if there is no resurrection. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:33 | Menander, Thais (Greek dramatist — not Scripture) | Literary quotation, non-biblical | Resurrection of Christ and Believers (moral exhortation) | — | No Romans parallel. | Medium: translators must NOT treat this as an OT/Scripture citation; it is a known Greek proverbial line (“Bad company corrupts good morals”) that Paul cites as common wisdom, not as an inspired text. A translator note should clarify its non-canonical source so it is not confused with the surrounding scriptural citations. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:45 | Genesis 2:7 | Direct quotation + typological contrast (“the first man Adam became a living being”; “the last Adam became a life-giving spirit”) | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | Adam | Direct parallel to Romans 5:12-21’s Adam-Christ typology. Render Adam/Christ contrastive vocabulary consistently across both curricula. | Critical: the “last Adam” typology must preserve a real, historical first Adam and a real, historical bodily resurrection in the second — not a philosophical or cyclical figure. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:54 | Isaiah 25:8 | Direct quotation (“Death is swallowed up in victory”) | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | — | Thematically parallel to Romans 8:37-39 (“more than conquerors… nothing can separate us”). | High; triumphant, final-victory language — must not be softened toward a cyclical or provisional victory. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:55-56 | Hosea 13:14 | Direct quotation (“O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting?”) + Pauline commentary linking sin, law, and death | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | — | Direct parallel to Romans 6:23 (“the wages of sin is death”) and Romans 7:7-13 (law’s relationship to sin). Render व्यवस्था/पाप consistently with Romans baseline. | High; reinforces baseline “law” (व्यवस्था) and “sin” (पाप) terms exactly as fixed in Romans. |
Chapter 16 — Collection, Greetings, Maranatha
Reviewed. No direct OT quotation or clear specific allusion. “On the first day of the week” (16:2) reflects the resurrection-grounded pattern of Christian gathering (cf. the resurrection timing established in ch.15) rather than a distinct OT citation. Maranatha (16:22) is an Aramaic liturgical exclamation, not an OT quotation; treat per the baseline’s Abba precedent (retain transliteration).
PART B — Summary Tables
B.1 Messianic References
| Passage | Messianic Content | OT Root | Sensitivity |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians 5:7 | Christ as the Passover Lamb, sacrificed once | Exodus 12 | High — typological fulfillment, not ongoing sacrifice practice |
| 1 Corinthians 8:6 | Christ named within the Shema’s monotheistic confession | Deuteronomy 6:4 | Critical — co-equal Lordship within, not beside, God’s oneness |
| 1 Corinthians 10:4, 9 | Pre-existent Christ present with Israel in the wilderness | Exodus 17:6; Numbers 21:5-6 | High — real pre-existence, not literary retrojection |
| 1 Corinthians 11:25 | New covenant fulfilled in Christ’s blood | Jeremiah 31:31-34; Exodus 24:8 | Critical — use वाचा (baseline covenant term) |
| 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 | Death, burial, resurrection “according to the Scriptures” | Isaiah 53; Psalm 16:10; Hosea 6:2 | Critical — this IS the core passage’s theological center |
| 1 Corinthians 15:25, 27 | Christ’s reign and universal subjection | Psalm 110:1; Psalm 8:6 | High — exclusive Lordship |
| 1 Corinthians 15:45 | Christ as the “last Adam,” life-giving | Genesis 2:7 | Critical — Adam-Christ typology, parallel to Romans 5 |
B.2 Typological Patterns
| Type (OT) | Antitype (NT, 1 Corinthians) | Passage | Note |
|---|
| Passover lamb | Christ’s atoning death | 5:7-8 | Once-for-all fulfillment |
| Israel’s Exodus (cloud, sea) | Christian baptism | 10:1-2 | Historical typology, new term बपतिस्मा |
| Manna and water from the rock | Christ as spiritual food/drink/Rock | 10:3-4 | Pre-existent Christ present in the type |
| Unleavened bread | Purity of the church | 5:6-8 | Corporate holiness metaphor |
| First Adam | Last Adam (Christ) | 15:21-22, 45-49 | Direct parallel to Romans 5:12-21 |
| Firstfruits offering | Christ’s resurrection guaranteeing the full harvest | 15:20, 23 | Direction of analogy reversed from Chhath-style votive offering (see 08_core_glossary पहिल फल note) |
B.3 Parallels to Romans (Same Language Package)
| 1 Corinthians Passage | Romans Passage | Shared Theme | Consistency Requirement |
|---|
| 1:2 | 10:13 | Calling on the name of the Lord (Joel 2:32) | Identical Maithili rendering of the Joel quotation |
| 1:18-25 | 1:16-17 | The gospel as God’s power, contrasted with human wisdom | Consistent सामर्थ्य (never शक्ति); consistent सुसमाचार |
| 1:30 | 3:24-26 | Righteousness, sanctification, redemption bundled together | Consistent धार्मिकता, पवित्रीकरण rendering |
| 2:16 | 11:34 | ”Mind of the Lord” (Isaiah 40:13) | Identical Maithili rendering of the Isaiah quotation |
| 6:9-11 | 1:29-31 | Vice lists followed by transformation in Christ | Consistent पाप-list vocabulary |
| 6:19-20 | 12:1 | The body belongs to God / presented to God | Consistent बॉडी/temple framing |
| 7:19 | 2:25-29 | Circumcision vs. keeping God’s commands | Consistent व्यवस्था usage |
| 8:6 | 11:36 | ”From him, through him, to him are all things” | Consistent doxological phrasing |
| 8-10 | 14:1-23 | Food, conscience, the “weak” and “strong,” stumbling blocks | Consistent विवेक, ठोकर rendering across both curricula |
| 11:23-25 | (covenant doctrine, baseline) | New covenant in Christ’s blood | Use वाचा exactly as fixed in Romans baseline |
| 12:4-27 | 12:4-5 | One body, many members | Consistent अंग/देह rendering; same Puruṣasūkta-collision caution applies in both |
| 13:1-13 | 13:8-10 | Love as fulfillment/greater way | Consistent प्रेम + mandatory translator note in both |
| 15:21-22, 45-49 | 5:12-21 | Adam-Christ typology | Consistent Adam/Christ contrastive terms |
| 15:56 | 6:23; 7:7-13 | Sin, law, and death | Consistent व्यवस्था, पाप rendering |
| 15:54-57 | 8:31-39 | Ultimate victory/assurance | Consistent विजय/निश्चय framing |
PART C — Rendering-Consistency Rules for Shared Quotations
- Joel 2:32 (“call on the name of the Lord”) — appears in 1 Corinthians 1:2 and (via the Romans baseline) Romans 10:13. Both occurrences MUST use the identical Maithili clause. Before translating 1 Corinthians 1:2, retrieve the exact Romans 10:13 rendering from that curriculum’s segment cache; do not re-derive independently.
- Isaiah 40:13 (“mind of the Lord”) — appears in 1 Corinthians 2:16 and Romans 11:34. Render identically.
- Adam-Christ typological vocabulary — 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45-49 and Romans 5:12-21 describe the same typological structure (one man’s trespass/one man’s obedience; first Adam/last Adam). The Maithili terms for “trespass,” “one man,” “made alive,” etc., established in Romans 5 must be reused, not independently recoined, when 1 Corinthians 15 is translated in Phase 2.
- Covenant (वाचा) — the Romans baseline fixed वाचा for διαθήκη in the Davidic covenant context. 1 Corinthians 11:25’s “new covenant in my blood” must use the same वाचा, not अनुबंध or a new coinage, preserving the relational (not merely legal) sense across both curricula.
- Body of Christ / members (अंग, देह) — 1 Corinthians 12 and Romans 12:4-5 describe the identical doctrine using the identical metaphor. Whichever curriculum is translated first should set the fixed rendering; the second must reuse it exactly, including the mandatory Puruṣasūkta-collision translator note.
- Love (प्रेम) — 1 Corinthians 13 and Romans 13:8-10 both require the same मandatory translator note anchoring प्रेम to willed, self-giving love and explicitly rejecting Radha-Krishna romantic-devotional illustration, wherever ἀγάπη appears in either curriculum.
- Power of God (सामर्थ्य) and Gospel (सुसमाचार) — 1 Corinthians 1:18, 24 and Romans 1:16 must use identical vocabulary; per the baseline’s own Theological Consistency Rules table, Romans 1:16-17’s rendering is the fixed reference point.
- Sin/Law/Death cluster (पाप, व्यवस्था) — 1 Corinthians 15:56 and Romans 6:23/7:7-13 must use identical baseline vocabulary; do not introduce new terms for this cluster within 1 Corinthians.
- Non-canonical citation flag — 1 Corinthians 15:33 (Menander) must never be rendered or footnoted as if it were a Scripture quotation; a translator note should identify it as a well-known Greek proverbial saying that Paul cites for its truth, not its authority.
PART D — Maithili Citation Conventions (Extension to Baseline)
The Romans baseline (12_ai_translation_requirements.md) fixed Maithili book-name forms for Genesis, Psalms, Isaiah, Habakkuk, and Joel. 1 Corinthians’ cross-references require the following additional book names, to be added to the same citation-convention table used in Phase 2:
| English | Maithili | Transliteration |
|---|
| 1 Corinthians | 1 कुरिन्थी | 1 Kurinthī |
| Exodus | निर्गमन | Nirgaman |
| Leviticus | लैव्यव्यवस्था | Laivyavyavasthā |
| Numbers | गिनती | Gintī |
| Deuteronomy | व्यवस्था विवरण | Byavasthā Vivaraṇ |
| Job | अय्यूब | Ayyūb |
| Jeremiah | यर्मियाह | Yarmiyāh |
| Hosea | होशे | Hośe |
| Zechariah | जकर्याह | Jakaryāh |
All verse numbers remain Arabic numerals, consistent with the baseline’s YouVersion-alignment rule. Citations in Maithili output take the form “1 कुरिन्थी 15:3”, never “1 Corinthians 15:3.”
Coverage Confirmation
All sixteen chapters of 1 Corinthians have been reviewed for OT quotation and allusion content. Chapters 4, 7, and 16 contain no direct OT citation and are explicitly noted as reviewed with no new cross-reference material; chapter 12 has no direct OT citation but is cross-referenced fully to its Romans 12:4-5 parallel. Every other chapter (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15) contains at least one catalogued OT quotation, allusion, or typological pattern above.