Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Matthew 1–28 (English → Maithili)
Purpose and Use
This glossary catalogues every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Matthew, chapter 1 through 28. It is organized by the nine curriculum doctrines, followed by a complete consolidated table. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and are not re-derived; only Matthew-specific contextual notes are added. All newly identified terms are marked [NEW — Matthew curriculum] and are candidates for addition to a Matthew-specific translation memory file in a later Phase 1/2 step.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review sufficient).
Doctrine 1: The Kingdom of Heaven
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kingdom of heaven [NEW] | स्वर्गक राज्य | svargak rājya | Critical | Matt 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10; 13:11,24,31,33,44-47; 16:19; 18:1-4; 19:23-24 | Rejected: सिर्फ परमेश्वरक राज्य (silent substitution — rejected because Matthew’s distinctive circumlocution should be preserved and cross-referenced, not erased). CRITICAL collision risk: स्वर्ग in regional Hindu cosmology = a temporary loka of karma-merited reward (Indra’s paradise), not an eternal divine dwelling. Requires a standing translator note at first occurrence in every teaching unit distinguishing this from a temporary paradise-realm. Cross-reference baseline kingdom_of_god (परमेश्वरक राज्य) as the referentially identical concept under Matthew’s alternate phrasing. |
| kingdom of God [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | परमेश्वरक राज्य | parameśvarak rājya | Medium (per baseline) | Matt 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43 (the rare Matthean instances using this exact phrase) | Reuse baseline exactly; used by Matthew interchangeably with “kingdom of heaven” in a handful of places, confirming the two phrases are co-referential. |
| keys of the kingdom [NEW] | स्वर्गक राज्यक चाबी | svargak rājyak cābī | High | Matt 16:19 | Delegated authority to administer entrance into the Kingdom community; ties to Church Discipline doctrine below. |
| end of the age [NEW] | युगक अन्त | yugak anta | Critical | Matt 13:39-40,49; 24:3; 28:20 | CRITICAL collision: युग is the central Hindu term for one of the four cyclically recurring cosmic ages (Satya/Treta/Dvapar/Kali yuga). Matthew’s phrase names a single, final, linear historical consummation, never a transition into a new cycle. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence. |
Doctrine 2: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| messiah / Christ [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | मसीह / ख्रीष्ट | masīh / khrīṣṭ | Critical (per baseline) | Matt 1:1,16-17; 11:2; 16:16,20; 22:42; 24:5,23; 26:63-64 | Reuse baseline exactly. Never assimilated to Ram/Krishna as awaited avatar-figures. |
| Son of David [NEW] | दाऊदक पुत्र | Dāūdak putra | High | Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45 | Distinct from baseline seed_of_david (दाऊदक वंशसँ — a lineage-descent phrase). “Son of David” functions repeatedly as a messianic title/address used by petitioners and crowds; must read as a confession, not a bare genealogical fact. Rejected: दाऊदक सन्तान (too generic, loses titular force). |
| seed of David [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | दाऊदक वंशसँ | Dāūdak vanśasã̃ | High (per baseline) | Matt 1:1-17 (genealogy) | Reuse baseline exactly for the descent/genealogical sense. |
| Son of Man [NEW] | मनुष्यक पुत्र | manuṣyak putra | Critical | Matt 8:20; 9:6; 12:8,40; 16:13,27-28; 17:9,22; 20:18,28; 24:27,30,37,39,44; 25:31; 26:2,24,45,64 | Jesus’ most frequent self-designation in Matthew (~30 occurrences). Combines humility/humanity with Daniel 7’s apocalyptic figure who receives everlasting dominion. Must NOT be flattened to “a human being” nor merged with son_of_god. No regional parallel category (unlike periodic avatar-descent); requires sustained translator-note support across the Gospel. |
| Hosanna [NEW] | होशाना | hośānā | Medium | Matt 21:9,15 | Transliterate; established liturgical loanword. |
Doctrine 3: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fulfill / fulfillment [NEW] | पूरा करब / पूरा भेल | pūrā karab / pūrā bhel | High | Matt 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 5:17; 8:17; 12:17; 13:14,35; 21:4; 26:54,56; 27:9 | Matthew’s ten-plus “formula quotations” (πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθέν). Must read as linear, one-time, historical fulfillment of a specific prior prophetic word — never the cyclical yuga-restoration pattern of an avatar periodically restoring dharma. |
| prophecy [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | भविष्यवाणी | bhaviṣyavāṇī | Low (per baseline; elevated practical significance in Matthew as a structural refrain) | Throughout, esp. 1-2, 13, 21, 26-27 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| prophet [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | भविष्यद्वक्ता | bhaviṣyadvaktā | Low (per baseline) | Matt 1:22; 2:5,15,17,23; 3:3; 5:12,17; 7:12; 11:9,13; 13:17,57; 21:4,11,46; 23:29-37; 24:15 | Reuse baseline exactly; never ज्योतिषी (except the historically descriptive, non-normative use for the Magi, ch. 2, which must not be confused with this term). |
| false prophets [NEW] | झूठ भविष्यद्वक्ता | jhūṭh bhaviṣyadvaktā | Medium | Matt 7:15; 24:11,24 | Compound built on baseline भविष्यद्वक्ता; consistent across Sermon on the Mount and Olivet Discourse occurrences. |
| Magi (contextual, non-normative) [NEW] | ज्योतिषी | jyotiṣī | Medium | Matt 2:1-12 | Contextually accurate description of the Magi’s actual profession; must never be interchanged with भविष्यद्वक्ता (prophet) or used to suggest astrology is a legitimate ongoing source of revelation. |
Doctrine 4: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| authority [NEW] | अधिकार | adhikār | High | Matt 7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 10:1; 21:23-27; 28:18 | Inherent, self-originating authority (unlike derivative scribal authority resting on citation of prior teachers); distinguishes Jesus categorically from a guru/pandit figure whose authority is lineage- or citation-derived. |
| law [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | व्यवस्था | byavasthā | High (per baseline) | Matt 5:17-18; 7:12; 11:13; 22:36-40; 23:23 | Reuse baseline exactly; never धर्म. |
| tradition of the elders [NEW] | पुरनका परम्परा | puranakā paramparā | Medium | Matt 15:2-3,6 | Human accumulated legal tradition, contrasted with actual divine commandment; handle carefully given regional value placed on inherited religious/social custom (e.g., Panjikaran). |
| scribes [NEW] | शास्त्री | śāstrī | Medium | Matt 2:4; 5:20; 7:29; 9:3; 12:38; 15:1; 23:2-36 | Established North Indian Bible-translation convention; note possible resonance with Hindu scriptural-scholar roles, similar in kind (though milder) to the baseline’s caution about पंडित for “apostle.” Retain with explanatory note at first occurrence. |
| Pharisees [NEW] | फरीसी | Farīsī | Medium | Matt 3:7; 5:20; 9:11,34; 12:2,14,24; 15:1,12; 16:1,6,11-12; 19:3; 22:15,34,41; 23:2-36 | Transliteration of proper name; low ambiguity beyond consistency. |
| yoke [NEW] | जुआ | juā | Medium | Matt 11:29-30 | Rabbinic-teaching metaphor (a rabbi’s total body of instruction); gloss at first occurrence. |
| rest [NEW] | विश्राम | viśrām | Medium | Matt 11:28-29 | Relief from religious/spiritual burden, not merely physical rest. |
Doctrine 5: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| righteousness [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | धार्मिकता | dhārmiktā | Critical (per baseline) | Matt 3:15; 5:6,10,20; 6:1,33; 21:32 | Reuse baseline exactly; NEVER धर्म or सतीत्व. In the Sermon on the Mount also carries a lived-conduct sense; must not collapse into merit-earning performance, preserving the forensic sense retained from Romans. |
| hypocrite [NEW] | पाखण्डी | pākhaṇḍī | Medium | Matt 6:2,5,16; 7:5; 15:7; 22:18; 23:13-29 | Lit. “stage actor”; external religious performance masking internal reality — the negative foil to true righteousness. |
| perfect [NEW] | पूर्ण | pūrṇa | Medium-High | Matt 5:48; 19:21 | Rejected: सिद्ध (evokes the regional “perfected yogi/ascetic” who attains spiritual power through self-directed practice — a self-attained-perfection model in tension with grace). |
| almsgiving [NEW] | दान | dān | High | Matt 6:1-4 | Deep collision risk: दान is a core Hindu merit-accumulation category (giving to accrue पुण्य). This passage’s entire point (give in secret, expecting nothing from onlookers) must be anchored against a merit-transaction reading. |
| fasting [NEW] | उपवास | upavās | Medium-High | Matt 6:16-18; 9:14-15 | Collides with the widely practiced Hindu vrat/upavās (vow-fasting for merit); the passage’s warning against public display is especially pointed given regional social visibility of vrat-observance. |
| greatest commandment (love God/neighbor) [NEW] | परमेश्वरकेँ आ पड़ोसीकेँ प्रेम करब | parameśvarkeṃ ā paṛosīkeṃ prem karab | High | Matt 22:37-40 | Summarizes true righteousness as love-driven, not legal-compliance-driven; reuses baseline परमेश्वर. |
Doctrine 6: The Church and Church Discipline
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| church [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | मण्डली | maṇḍalī | Medium (per baseline) | Matt 16:18; 18:17 | Reuse baseline exactly; never मन्दिर/मठ. |
| bind and loose [NEW] | बाँधब आ खोलब | bā̃dhab ā kholab | High | Matt 16:19; 18:18 | Rabbinic idiom for authoritative declaration; must not resonate with regional tantric-binding folk-magic practices — this is Christ-delegated authoritative pronouncement, not a ritual spell. Translator note recommended. |
| church discipline procedure (“if your brother sins”) [NEW] | भाइ-बहिनक पाप सुधारबाक प्रक्रिया | bhāi-bahinak pāp sudhārabāk prakriyā | High | Matt 18:15-17 | Restorative, aimed at repentance, not punitive shaming — a needed clarification given regional honor/shame dynamics. |
| forgive [NEW] | क्षमा करब | kṣamā karab | High | Matt 6:12,14-15; 18:21-35; 26:28 | Consistent rendering required across all occurrences, including the Lord’s Prayer and the Last Supper. |
| apostle [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | प्रेरित | prerit | Medium (per baseline) | Matt 10:2 | Reuse baseline exactly; never पंडित. |
| disciple [NEW] | चेला | celā | High | Matt 5:1; 10:1,24-25,42; 28:19 | Rejected: शिष्य (carries the region’s guru-śiṣya devotional-lineage connotation); चेला is the neutral, already-Christianized register. Consistent throughout the Gospel. |
Doctrine 7: The Great Commission
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| all authority [NEW] | सम्पूर्ण अधिकार | sampūrṇa adhikār | High | Matt 28:18 | Reuses अधिकार exactly; grounds the Commission in Christ’s own total, risen authority. |
| make disciples of all nations [NEW] | सभ जातिसभकेँ चेला बनाऊ | sabh jātisabhakeṃ celā banāū | High | Matt 28:19 | Reuses चेला; uses जातिसभ (per baseline mission-context convention) rather than अन्यजाति, since the command is inclusively universal, not a Jew/Gentile contrast. |
| baptize [NEW] | बपतिस्मा देब | baptismā deb | High | Matt 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19 | Transliterate बपतिस्मा (established North Indian convention); never स्नान (would imply Hindu ritual-merit purification bathing). |
| Trinitarian baptismal formula (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) [NEW/BASELINE COMPOSITE] | पिता, पुत्र आ पवित्र आत्माक नाओंमे | pitā, putra ā pavitra ātmāk nāõme | Critical | Matt 28:19 | All three component terms (पिता, पुत्र via परमेश्वरक पुत्र frame, पवित्र आत्मा) reused exactly from baseline. Grammar must preserve the singular “name” (not “names”) shared by three Persons. |
| mission / mission to the nations [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | सुसमाचार प्रचार | susamācār pracār | Medium (per baseline) | Matt 24:14; 28:19-20 | Reuse baseline exactly; avoid the borrowed English “मिशन.” |
| gospel of the kingdom [BASELINE COMPOSITE — REUSE gospel EXACTLY] | राज्यक सुसमाचार | rājyak susamācār | High | Matt 4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13 | सुसमाचार reused exactly from baseline (High); राज्यक modifies it using स्वर्गक राज्य’s referent. |
Doctrine 8: Judgment and the End of the Age
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| end of the age [NEW] | युगक अन्त | yugak anta | Critical | Matt 13:39-40,49; 24:3; 28:20 | See Doctrine 1 above; single highest syncretism-risk term given युग’s cyclical-cosmology association. |
| eternal life [NEW] | अनन्त जीवन | anant jīvan | Critical | Matt 19:16,29; 25:46 | Must be distinguished from मोक्ष/मुक्ति (liberation from rebirth, already Critical-flagged in baseline for salvation): unending personal relational life with God, not release from a cycle or absorption into an impersonal Absolute. |
| eternal punishment [NEW] | अनन्त दण्ड | anant daṇḍa | Critical/High | Matt 25:46 | Must not be softened into a temporary, resolvable karmic/purgative consequence (as some regional understandings of naraka/hell-realms allow); Matthew presents this as final and unending. |
| blasphemy against the Holy Spirit [NEW] | पवित्र आत्माक विरुद्ध निन्दा | pavitra ātmāk viruddh nindā | Critical | Matt 12:31-32 | Built on baseline पवित्र आत्मा (Critical); requires careful pastoral framing to avoid inducing false guilt in sensitive readers. |
| abomination of desolation [NEW] | उजाड़ करएवाला घृणित वस्तु | ujāṛ karaevālā ghṛṇit vastu | High | Matt 24:15 | Requires Daniel-background explanation for audiences with low OT narrative literacy. |
| coming of the Son of Man [NEW] | मनुष्यक पुत्रक आगमन | manuṣyak putrak āgaman | Critical | Matt 24:27,30,37,39,44; 25:31; 26:64 | Reuses मनुष्यक पुत्र exactly; culminates the Daniel-7 trajectory of visible glorious judgment. |
| sheep and goats judgment (eternal life/punishment) [NEW] | भेड़ आ बकरीक न्याय | bheṛ ā bakarīk nyāya | High | Matt 25:31-46 | Judgment based on treatment of “the least of these”; ties Discipleship ethics directly to final Judgment. |
| resurrection [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] | पुनरुत्थान | punaruthān | Critical (per baseline) | Matt 12:40; 16:21; 17:9,23; 20:19; 22:23-33; 27:52-53; 28:6-7 | Reuse baseline exactly; never पुनर्जन्म. |
| judgment [NEW] | न्याय | nyāya | High | Matt 7:1-2; 12:36; 25:31-46 | Personal, final divine adjudication — not an impersonal cause-effect karmic process. |
Doctrine 9: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
| Term | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| take up his cross [NEW] | अपन क्रूस उठाओब | apan krūs uṭhāob | High | Matt 10:38; 16:24 | क्रूस is the established Christian transliteration; never replaced with a generic “burden” term that loses the specific reference to Christ’s own crucifixion path. |
| lose life to find it [NEW] | प्राण गमाकए प्राण पाएब | prāṇ gamākae prāṇ pāeb | High | Matt 10:39; 16:25 | Central discipleship paradox; must retain the paradox intact, not soften into a generic self-sacrifice maxim. |
| not peace but a sword [NEW] | शान्ति नहि बल्कि तरवार | śānti nahi balki taravār | High | Matt 10:34-36 | Qualifies (does not contradict) baseline शान्ति (peace with God); addresses social/familial conflict, not relational standing with God. |
| ransom for many [NEW] | बहुतोक लेल छुटकाराक मोल | bahutok lel chuṭkārāk mol | Critical | Matt 20:28; 26:28 | Uses baseline छुटकारा in the “specific rescue-narrative context” the baseline permits; substitutionary payment secured by Christ, not a generic rescue or karmic release. |
| rich young ruler / eye of a needle [NEW] | ऊँटक सूइक नाकासँ जाएब | ū̃ṭak sūik nākāsã̃ jāeb | Medium | Matt 19:16-26 | Proverbial hyperbole for human impossibility apart from grace; reinforces baseline grace doctrine. |
| new wine in old wineskins [NEW] | नयाँ दाखरस पुरान मशकमे | nayā̃ dākhras purān maśakme | Low | Matt 9:17 | Figurative teaching on the Kingdom’s incompatibility with the old religious system’s forms. |
| obedience (teaching to observe all I commanded) [BASELINE-LINKED] | आज्ञा मानब | ājñā mānab | High | Matt 28:20 | Connect explicitly to baseline obedience_of_faith (विश्वासक आज्ञाकारिता): obedience flowing from being taught/formed by Christ, not external duty-compliance (कर्तव्य पालन). |
| talents (stewardship) [NEW] | तोड़ा/धनराशि | toṛā/dhanrāśi | Low-Medium | Matt 25:14-30 | Functional translation of a monetary unit; faithful stewardship evaluated at the Master’s return. |
Complete Consolidated Glossary Table
| # | Term (English) | Maithili | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Primary Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kingdom of Heaven | स्वर्गक राज्य | svargak rājya | Critical | NEW | 3,4,5,13,16,18,19 |
| 2 | Kingdom of God | परमेश्वरक राज्य | parameśvarak rājya | Medium | BASELINE | 6,12,19,21 |
| 3 | Keys of the Kingdom | स्वर्गक राज्यक चाबी | svargak rājyak cābī | High | NEW | 16 |
| 4 | End of the Age | युगक अन्त | yugak anta | Critical | NEW | 13,24,28 |
| 5 | Messiah/Christ | मसीह / ख्रीष्ट | masīh / khrīṣṭ | Critical | BASELINE | 1,11,16,22,24,26 |
| 6 | Son of David | दाऊदक पुत्र | Dāūdak putra | High | NEW | 1,9,12,15,20,21,22 |
| 7 | Seed of David | दाऊदक वंशसँ | Dāūdak vanśasã̃ | High | BASELINE | 1 |
| 8 | Son of Man | मनुष्यक पुत्र | manuṣyak putra | Critical | NEW | 8,9,12,16,17,20,24,25,26 |
| 9 | Hosanna | होशाना | hośānā | Medium | NEW | 21 |
| 10 | Fulfill/Fulfillment | पूरा करब / पूरा भेल | pūrā karab / pūrā bhel | High | NEW | 1,2,4,5,8,12,13,21,26,27 |
| 11 | Prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | bhaviṣyavāṇī | Low | BASELINE | throughout |
| 12 | Prophet | भविष्यद्वक्ता | bhaviṣyadvaktā | Low | BASELINE | 1,2,3,5,7,11,13,21,23,24 |
| 13 | False Prophets | झूठ भविष्यद्वक्ता | jhūṭh bhaviṣyadvaktā | Medium | NEW | 7,24 |
| 14 | Magi (contextual) | ज्योतिषी | jyotiṣī | Medium | NEW | 2 |
| 15 | Authority | अधिकार | adhikār | High | NEW | 7,8,9,10,21,28 |
| 16 | Law | व्यवस्था | byavasthā | High | BASELINE | 5,7,11,22,23 |
| 17 | Tradition of the Elders | पुरनका परम्परा | puranakā paramparā | Medium | NEW | 15 |
| 18 | Scribes | शास्त्री | śāstrī | Medium | NEW | 2,5,7,9,12,15,23 |
| 19 | Pharisees | फरीसी | Farīsī | Medium | NEW | 3,5,9,12,15,16,19,22,23 |
| 20 | Yoke | जुआ | juā | Medium | NEW | 11 |
| 21 | Rest | विश्राम | viśrām | Medium | NEW | 11 |
| 22 | Righteousness | धार्मिकता | dhārmiktā | Critical | BASELINE | 3,5,6,21 |
| 23 | Hypocrite | पाखण्डी | pākhaṇḍī | Medium | NEW | 6,7,15,22,23 |
| 24 | Perfect | पूर्ण | pūrṇa | Medium-High | NEW | 5,19 |
| 25 | Almsgiving | दान | dān | High | NEW | 6 |
| 26 | Fasting | उपवास | upavās | Medium-High | NEW | 6,9 |
| 27 | Greatest Commandment | परमेश्वरकेँ आ पड़ोसीकेँ प्रेम करब | parameśvarkeṃ ā paṛosīkeṃ prem karab | High | NEW | 22 |
| 28 | Church | मण्डली | maṇḍalī | Medium | BASELINE | 16,18 |
| 29 | Bind and Loose | बाँधब आ खोलब | bā̃dhab ā kholab | High | NEW | 16,18 |
| 30 | Church Discipline Procedure | भाइ-बहिनक पाप सुधारबाक प्रक्रिया | bhāi-bahinak pāp sudhārabāk prakriyā | High | NEW | 18 |
| 31 | Forgive | क्षमा करब | kṣamā karab | High | NEW | 6,18,26 |
| 32 | Apostle | प्रेरित | prerit | Medium | BASELINE | 10 |
| 33 | Disciple | चेला | celā | High | NEW | 5,10,28 |
| 34 | All Authority | सम्पूर्ण अधिकार | sampūrṇa adhikār | High | NEW | 28 |
| 35 | Make Disciples of All Nations | सभ जातिसभकेँ चेला बनाऊ | sabh jātisabhakeṃ celā banāū | High | NEW | 28 |
| 36 | Baptize | बपतिस्मा देब | baptismā deb | High | NEW | 3,28 |
| 37 | Trinitarian Baptismal Formula | पिता, पुत्र आ पवित्र आत्माक नाओंमे | pitā, putra ā pavitra ātmāk nāõme | Critical | NEW/BASELINE COMPOSITE | 28 |
| 38 | Mission to the Nations | सुसमाचार प्रचार | susamācār pracār | Medium | BASELINE | 24,28 |
| 39 | Gospel of the Kingdom | राज्यक सुसमाचार | rājyak susamācār | High | BASELINE COMPOSITE | 4,9,24,26 |
| 40 | Eternal Life | अनन्त जीवन | anant jīvan | Critical | NEW | 19,25 |
| 41 | Eternal Punishment | अनन्त दण्ड | anant daṇḍa | Critical/High | NEW | 25 |
| 42 | Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्माक विरुद्ध निन्दा | pavitra ātmāk viruddh nindā | Critical | NEW | 12 |
| 43 | Abomination of Desolation | उजाड़ करएवाला घृणित वस्तु | ujāṛ karaevālā ghṛṇit vastu | High | NEW | 24 |
| 44 | Coming of the Son of Man | मनुष्यक पुत्रक आगमन | manuṣyak putrak āgaman | Critical | NEW | 24,25,26 |
| 45 | Sheep and Goats Judgment | भेड़ आ बकरीक न्याय | bheṛ ā bakarīk nyāya | High | NEW | 25 |
| 46 | Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | punaruthān | Critical | BASELINE | 12,16,17,20,22,27,28 |
| 47 | Judgment | न्याय | nyāya | High | NEW | 7,12,25 |
| 48 | Take Up His Cross | अपन क्रूस उठाओब | apan krūs uṭhāob | High | NEW | 10,16 |
| 49 | Lose Life to Find It | प्राण गमाकए प्राण पाएब | prāṇ gamākae prāṇ pāeb | High | NEW | 10,16 |
| 50 | Not Peace but a Sword | शान्ति नहि बल्कि तरवार | śānti nahi balki taravār | High | NEW | 10 |
| 51 | Ransom for Many | बहुतोक लेल छुटकाराक मोल | bahutok lel chuṭkārāk mol | Critical | NEW | 20,26 |
| 52 | Eye of a Needle | ऊँटक सूइक नाकासँ जाएब | ū̃ṭak sūik nākāsã̃ jāeb | Medium | NEW | 19 |
| 53 | New Wine in Old Wineskins | नयाँ दाखरस पुरान मशकमे | nayā̃ dākhras purān maśakme | Low | NEW | 9 |
| 54 | Obedience (to Christ’s commands) | आज्ञा मानब | ājñā mānab | High | BASELINE-LINKED | 28 |
| 55 | Talents (Stewardship) | तोड़ा/धनराशि | toṛā/dhanrāśi | Low-Medium | NEW | 25 |
| 56 | Blessed | धन्य | dhanya | High | NEW | 5 |
| 57 | Poor in Spirit | आत्मामे दीन | ātmāme dīn | Medium-High | NEW | 5 |
| 58 | Meek | नम्र | namra | Medium | NEW | 5 |
| 59 | Mourn/Comforted | शोक करनिहार / सान्त्वना पाओब | śok karanihār / sāntvanā pāob | Low | NEW | 5 |
| 60 | Merciful/Mercy | दयालु / दया | dayālu / dayā | High | NEW | 5 |
| 61 | Pure in Heart | हृदयक पवित्रता | hṛdayak pavitratā | High | NEW | 5,15 |
| 62 | Peacemakers | शान्ति स्थापित करनिहार | śānti sthāpit karanihār | Medium | NEW | 5 |
| 63 | Persecuted | सताओल गेल | satāol gel | Medium | NEW | 5 |
| 64 | Reward | प्रतिफल | pratiphal | High | NEW | 5,6 |
| 65 | Immanuel | इम्मानुएल | Immānuel | High | NEW | 1,28 |
| 66 | Virgin | कुमारी | kumārī | Medium | NEW | 1,25 |
| 67 | Satan/Devil | शैतान | śaitān | High | NEW | 4,12,13,25 |
| 68 | Temptation | परीक्षा | parīkṣā | Medium | NEW | 4,6,26 |
| 69 | Transfiguration | रूपान्तरण | rūpāntaraṇ | High | NEW | 17 |
| 70 | New Covenant (blood) | नयाँ वाचा | nayā̃ vācā | Critical | BASELINE-EXTENDED | 26 |
| 71 | Covenant | वाचा | vācā | High | BASELINE | 26 |
| 72 | Crucify/Crucifixion | क्रूसित करब | krūsit karab | Critical | NEW | 27 |
| 73 | My God, My God, Why Have You Forsaken Me | हे हमर परमेश्वर … त्यागि देलहुँ | he hamar parameśvar … tyāgi delahũ | Critical | NEW | 27 |
| 74 | Sabbath | सब्त / विश्राम दिन | sabbat / viśrām din | Medium | NEW | 12 |
| 75 | Parable | दृष्टान्त | dṛṣṭānt | Low-Medium | NEW | 13 (and throughout) |
| 76 | Sign of Jonah | योनाक चिन्ह | Yonāk cinh | High | NEW | 12 |
| 77 | Wedding Feast/Cornerstone parables | जकरा राजमिस्त्री अस्वीकार केलक … | jakarā rājmistrī asvīkār kelak … | High | NEW | 21,22 |
| 78 | Divorce | तलाक/विवाह-विच्छेद | talāq/vivāh-vicched | Medium | NEW | 5,19 |
| 79 | Mammon | मैमोन/धन | maimon/dhan | Low-Medium | NEW | 6 |
| 80 | Narrow Gate | सङ्कीर्ण द्वार | saṅkīrṇa dvār | Medium | NEW | 7 |
| 81 | ”Not Even the Son, but the Father Alone” | न त पुत्र, केवल पिता जानथि | na ta putra, keval pitā jānathi | Critical | NEW | 24 |
| 82 | ”You Have Said So” | अहीं कहलहुँ | ahī̃ kahalahũ | Critical | NEW | 26 |
| 83 | ”Call No Man Father” (social honorific, distinct from divine पिता) | गुरु मत कहाउ … पितो मत कहाउ | guru mat kahāu … pitā mat kahāu | High | NEW | 23 |
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 18 | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 34 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 24 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 7 | Automated / native speaker spot-check |
| Total glossary terms cataloged | 83 |
Cross-Reference Note
This glossary must be read alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json (Romans), which remain the controlling authority for every term already recorded there (गospel, grace, faith, righteousness, justification, salvation, apostle, called/calling, holy, saints, sanctification, adoption, resurrection, lord, son_of_god, incarnation, peace, spiritual_gifts, thanksgiving, fellowship, church, kingdom_of_god, law, sin, gentiles, glory, obedience_of_faith, power_of_god, messiah, prophet, prophecy, covenant, election, intercession, providence, mission, david, israel, jesus, god, holy_spirit, father, abba, exhort, seed_of_david, imputed_righteousness). No Matthew-specific rendering may contradict these. New terms identified here are proposed additions to be formalized in a Matthew-curriculum translation memory file in the next Phase 1 step.
This document fulfills PRD Phase 1 Step 1 for the Matthew curriculum, destination language Maithili. Full-book coverage confirmed: all 28 chapters represented; no chapter silently omitted.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, सतीत्व
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER धर्म or सतीत्व. In Matthew this word must carry a DOUBLE DUTY not present in Romans: (1) the forensic right-standing sense, and (2) a lived, Kingdom-shaped conduct sense (5:6,10,20; 6:1,33; 21:32). This lived-conduct sense must never be heard as merit-earning performance that would contradict sense (1); require a translator note distinguishing the two senses at 5:20 and thereafter.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी घोषित कएल जाएब
Transliteration: dharmī ghoṣit kael jaeb
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा भेटब, पुण्य कमाएब
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material glossing the rich young ruler (19:16-26) and the vineyard-laborers parable (20:1-16), where the forensic gift-declaration must be distinguished from any works-based accounting.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhār
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, छुटकारा
Original: σῴζω / σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER मुक्ति or मोक्ष. Implicit at Matthew 1:21 (‘he will save his people from their sins’), 9:22, 10:22, 24:13. छुटकारा remains reserved for specific rescue-narrative contexts (see ransom_for_many below).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Foretold repeatedly in Matthew (12:40; 16:21; 17:9,23; 20:19), debated with the Sadducees (22:23-33), and confirmed at 28:6-7. Matthew’s much higher frequency of resurrection-foretelling than Romans means the distinguishing translator note must recur at each occurrence, not appear once.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालिक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Lord of the Sabbath’ (12:8) extends Christ’s lordship even over Torah-instituted worship; must convey exclusive, supreme lordship, not one lord among the region’s several devotional objects.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक पुत्र
Transliteration: parameśvarak putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक अंश, देवपुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Key confessions at 3:17, 14:33, 16:16, 17:5, 27:54. Must never be interchanged with the Matthew-specific title मनुष्यक पुत्र (Son of Man), a distinct Christological reality — see son_of_man below.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रकट
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER अवतार. Reinforced (not substituted) by the NEW Matthew term इम्मानुएल (Immanuel, ‘God with us’, 1:23) — see immanuel below — which must always gloss back to this term.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: masīh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1,16-17; 11:2; 16:16,20; 22:42; 24:5,23; 26:63-64. Never assimilated to Ram or Krishna as awaited/celebrated avatar-figures within Mithila’s Vaishnava devotional tradition.
Jesus
Approved rendering: यीशु
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ईसा.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान, ईश्वर
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never भगवान or ईश्वर. Reused throughout Matthew’s teaching material and glossed into the NEW term इम्मानुएल (Immanuel) — see below.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Agent of the virginal conception (1:18,20); underlies the NEW Critical terms trinitarian_baptismal_formula (28:19) and blasphemy_against_holy_spirit (12:31-32) below. Never ब्रह्म or परमात्मा.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, सृष्टिकर्ता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the Lord’s Prayer’s ‘Our Father in heaven’ (6:9) and the Transfiguration voice (17:5). Matthew 23:8-9’s instruction against calling human teachers ‘father’ is a distinct social/religious honorific restriction — see call_no_man_father below — and does not alter this term’s exclusive theological reservation for God.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: āropit dhārmiktā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: अर्जित धार्मिकता, सती-धर्म
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material contrasting the rich young ruler’s works-question (19:16) with grace-based standing; never अर्जित (earned) or सती-धर्म.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: anant jīvan
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ति
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Matthew 19:16,29; 25:46. Must be distinguished from मोक्ष/मुक्ति (already forbidden in baseline for salvation) — unending personal, relational life with a personal God, not liberation from the rebirth cycle or absorption into an impersonal Absolute. The rich young ruler narrative (19:16-29) explicitly corrects a merit-based approach toward a grace-based one.
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: अनन्त दण्ड
Transliteration: anant daṇḍa
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Matthew 25:46, presented as a matched, equally permanent pair with अनन्त जीवन. Must not be softened into a temporary, resolvable karmic or purgative consequence, as some regional understandings of naraka/hell-realms permit.
Ransom For Many
Approved rendering: बहुतोक लेल छुटकाराक मोल
Transliteration: bahutok lel chuṭkārāk mol
Doctrine: The Crucifixion and Atonement
Original: λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW term, using baseline छुटकारा exactly in the ‘specific rescue-narrative context’ the baseline itself permits (20:28; 26:28). Must read as a substitutionary payment secured by Christ himself, never a generic rescue or karmic release; never drop मोल (payment/price) in casual paraphrase.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्यक पुत्र
Transliteration: manuṣyak putra
Doctrine: Jesus as the Son of Man
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW term, Jesus’ most frequent self-designation (~30x). CRITICAL: must not be flattened to mean merely ‘a human being’ (losing the Daniel 7 apocalyptic-authority background) nor merged with परमेश्वरक पुत्र (son_of_god, a distinct Christological title). No regional parallel category exists (unlike periodic avatar-descent narratives); every first occurrence in each major discourse should carry a translator note explaining the Daniel 7 background.
Crucifixion
Approved rendering: क्रूसित करब
Transliteration: krūsit karab
Doctrine: The Crucifixion and Atonement
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology
NEW term, transliterating क्रूस (established Christian transliteration). Must be historically and theologically concrete — a real death by a real Roman method — never a metaphor or myth. Matthew 27:26,35.
Cry Of Dereliction
Approved rendering: हे हमर परमेश्वर, हे हमर परमेश्वर, अहाँ हमरा किएक त्यागि देलहुँ?
Transliteration: he hamar parameśvar, he hamar parameśvar, ahā̃ hamarā kiek tyāgi delahũ?
Doctrine: The Crucifixion and Atonement
Original: Θεέ μου θεέ μου, ἱνατί με ἐγκατέλιπες
Category: Christology
NEW term, Matthew 27:46, quoting Psalm 22:1. Reuses baseline परमेश्वर exactly. Bears on the atonement and the mystery of the Trinity’s inner relations at the cross; theologian review required to avoid misreading as a loss of Christ’s divine identity.
Centurion Confession
Approved rendering: सच्चहि ई परमेश्वरक पुत्र छलाह
Transliteration: saccahi ī parameśvarak putra chalāh
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Ἀληθῶς θεοῦ υἱὸς ἦν οὗτος
Category: Christology
NEW term, Matthew 27:54, reusing baseline परमेश्वरक पुत्र exactly with honorific verb छलाह. A Gentile outsider’s confession bookends the Gentile Magi’s worship in ch. 2, reinforcing universal scope of the gospel.
You Have Said So
Approved rendering: अहीं कहलहुँ
Transliteration: ahī̃ kahalahũ
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Σὺ εἶπας
Category: Christology
NEW term, Matthew 26:64. Must be read (with translator note) as an affirmative, not evasive, answer — the direct legal/theological basis for the blasphemy charge leading to the crucifixion.
Not Even The Son
Approved rendering: न त पुत्र, केवल पिता जानथि
Transliteration: na ta putra, keval pitā jānathi
Doctrine: Jesus as the Son of Man
Original: οὐδὲ ὁ υἱός, εἰ μὴ ὁ πατὴρ μόνος
Category: Christology
NEW term, Matthew 24:36. A doctrinally delicate statement bearing on the incarnate Son’s voluntary limitation of knowledge during his earthly ministry; must not be read as denying Christ’s full deity. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
New Covenant Blood
Approved rendering: हमर लहू, जे नयाँ वाचाक लहू थिक
Transliteration: hamar lahū, je nayā̃ vācāk lahū thik
Doctrine: The Crucifixion and Atonement
Original: τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
NEW compound reusing baseline वाचा exactly (Matthew 26:28), echoing Jeremiah 31:31-34. Explicitly name as नयाँ वाचा (new covenant) at first occurrence, fulfilling and superseding the Mosaic covenant; theologian review required.
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्गक राज्य
Transliteration: svargak rājya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: सिर्फ परमेश्वरक राज्य (silent substitution)
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW term, Matthew’s characteristic phrase (~32x), a Jewish reverential circumlocution referentially identical to baseline kingdom_of_god. CRITICAL: स्वर्ग in regional Hindu cosmology denotes a temporary heavenly loka (Indra’s paradise) enjoyed as a reward for accumulated पुण्य/karma, from which the soul returns to the rebirth cycle — NOT an eternal dwelling. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence; cross-reference (never silently substitute) baseline परमेश्वरक राज्य.
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: युगक अन्त
Transliteration: yugak anta
Doctrine: The End of the Age
Original: ἡ συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. CRITICAL: युग is the central Hindu cyclical-time category (four recurring yugas — Satya, Treta, Dvapar, Kali — within an endlessly repeating cosmic cycle). Matthew’s phrase (13:39-40,49; 24:3; 28:20) names a single, final, linear consummation of history at Christ’s return, never a transition into a new cycle. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence; single highest syncretism-risk term in the entire curriculum.
Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Approved rendering: पिता, पुत्र आ पवित्र आत्माक नाओंमे
Transliteration: pitā, putra ā pavitra ātmāk nāõme
Doctrine: The Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Original: εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: God
NEW composite, Matthew 28:19, the Bible’s clearest single Trinitarian formula. All three component terms reused exactly from baseline. Theologian review required to confirm the singular ‘name’ (नाओं, not ‘names’) is preserved grammatically in Maithili coordination of the three nouns.
Coming Of The Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्यक पुत्रक आगमन
Transliteration: manuṣyak putrak āgaman
Doctrine: Jesus as the Son of Man
Original: ἡ παρουσία τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, Matthew 24:27,30,37,39,44; 25:31; 26:64. Reuses मनुष्यक पुत्र exactly; culminates the Daniel-7 trajectory of the humble Son of Man returning in visible glory to judge.
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्माक विरुद्ध निन्दा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmāk viruddh nindā
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: ἡ βλασφημία τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sin
NEW term, Matthew 12:31-32, built on baseline पवित्र आत्मा. Requires careful pastoral framing to avoid inducing false guilt/anxiety in sensitive readers; theologian review required at every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamācār
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: नीक खबर, शुभ सन्देश
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Matthew regularly appears as ‘the gospel of the kingdom’ (4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13) — modify with राज्यक without altering सुसमाचार itself; see gospel_of_the_kingdom entry below.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, दया, पुण्य, कर्मफल, भाग
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the parable of the laborers in the vineyard (20:1-16), where God’s generosity is not proportional to merit or labor — reinforces the baseline’s caution against illustrating grace through Sita’s exemplary self-sacrificial virtue. Also anchors the ‘eye of a needle’ teaching (19:23-26) and must not be conflated with दया (mercy, a distinct NEW Matthew term below).
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Applied notably to Gentile faith (the centurion, 8:10; the Canaanite woman, 15:28), reinforcing universal scope without collapsing into भक्ति, the region’s Ram-Sita/Shiva devotional register.
Called
Approved rendering: बजाओल
Transliteration: bajāol
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित, नेह पाओल
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Used of the sovereign summons of the first disciples (4:18-22) and of Matthew the tax collector (9:9); the call is immediate, total, life-reordering, never mere human-initiated seeking.
Calling
Approved rendering: बजाओल जाएब
Transliteration: bajāol jāeb
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आह्वान
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on the ‘many are called, few are chosen’ saying (22:14), which must be handled with the same sovereign-summons framing, not fatalistic selection.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मल
Inherited from Romans package. Foundational to the Matthew-specific compound हृदयक पवित्रता (pure in heart, 5:8) and to the heart-vs-ritual-purity contrast at 15:1-20; never शुद्ध, which leans toward ritual purity.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, सती
Inherited from Romans package. Applies corporately to all disciples/believers in Matthew’s teaching material; never संत or सती.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धिकरण, संस्कार
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on ‘be perfect (पूर्ण) as your heavenly Father is perfect’ (5:48), a growth-in-holiness theme distinct from regional संस्कार purification rites.
Adoption
Approved rendering: पुत्रत्व प्रदान
Transliteration: putratva pradān
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: गोद लेब
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies the Beatitude ‘they shall be called sons of God’ (5:9), though that specific verse uses the NEW Matthew term परमेश्वरक सन्तान कहाओत (see sons_of_god_beatitude below) rather than this baseline phrase directly.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: byavasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Authority
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER धर्म. Central to the Sermon on the Mount’s claim that Jesus fulfills (5:17-18), not abolishes, the Law; recurs through 7:12; 11:13; 22:36-40; 23:23.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Jesus’ very name is tied to this doctrine at 1:21 (‘he will save his people from their sins’).
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, ज्योति
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Appears at the Son of Man’s future coming (24:30) and the final judgment scene (25:31).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासक आज्ञाकारिता
Transliteration: biswasak ājñākāritā
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य पालन
Original: ὑπακοὴ πίστεως
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in the Great Commission’s discipleship-formation mandate (28:20, ‘teaching them to observe all that I commanded’); connect explicitly with the NEW term आज्ञा मानब — see obedience_to_christs_commands below.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति, बल
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on Jesus’ miracles and authority (अधिकार) over nature, illness, and demons (chs. 8-9); never शक्ति.
Covenant
Approved rendering: वाचा
Transliteration: vācā
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: अनुबंध, बिआह-सम्बन्ध
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly as the base for the NEW compound नयाँ वाचा (new covenant) at the Last Supper (26:28) — see new_covenant_blood below.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक चुनाव
Transliteration: parameśvarak cunāv
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत, प्रारब्ध
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on ‘many are called, few are chosen’ (22:14); never भाग्य/प्रारब्ध.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक विधान
Transliteration: parameśvarak vidhān
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, प्रारब्ध
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on ‘your heavenly Father knows’ providential care (6:25-34); never भाग्य/प्रारब्ध.
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly attested in Matthew’s own text but retained for cross-curriculum consistency in teaching material referencing filial intimacy with the Father.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदक वंशसँ
Transliteration: Dāūdak vanśasã̃
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; used for the genealogical/descent sense established in Matthew’s opening genealogy (1:1-17). Keep lexically distinct from the NEW Matthew title दाऊदक पुत्र (Son of David, a messianic address/confession) — see son_of_david below — so the two Davidic phrases are never conflated.
Gospel Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: राज्यक सुसमाचार
Transliteration: rājyak susamācār
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας
Category: Kingdom
NEW composite: baseline सुसमाचार (reused exactly, High) + राज्यक. Matthew 4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13. Must not be heard as merely political news, sensitive given Mithila’s own historic identity as the ancient kingdom of Raja Janak.
Disciple
Approved rendering: चेला
Transliteration: celā
Doctrine: The Call to Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: शिष्य
Original: μαθητής
Category: Church
NEW term. Rejected: शिष्य, which carries Mithila’s guru-śiṣya devotional-lineage connotation, a living social institution tied to a specific guru’s teaching authority and lineage. चेला is the neutral, already-Christianized register; must be used consistently throughout Matthew (5:1; 10:1,24-25,42; 28:19) — highest-frequency consistency requirement in the whole curriculum.
Bind And Loose
Approved rendering: बाँधब आ खोलब
Transliteration: bā̃dhab ā kholab
Doctrine: Keys of the Kingdom and Delegated Church Authority
Original: δέω / λύω
Category: Church
NEW term. Given first to Peter (16:19) and then to the gathered church (18:18). Must be explained as Christ-delegated authoritative pronouncement, not a ritual binding-spell, which could otherwise resonate uncomfortably with regional tantric-binding folk practices; mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Church Discipline Procedure
Approved rendering: भाइ-बहिनक पाप सुधारबाक प्रक्रिया
Transliteration: bhāi-bahinak pāp sudhārabāk prakriyā
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: ἐὰν ἁμαρτήσῃ εἰς σὲ ὁ ἀδελφός σου
Category: Church
NEW term. Matthew 18:15-17’s escalating procedure (private confrontation, witnesses, church). Must be taught as restorative discipline aimed at repentance and restoration, not punitive or shaming exposure, given regional honor-shame social dynamics.
Forgive
Approved rendering: क्षमा करब
Transliteration: kṣamā karab
Doctrine: Forgiveness Within the Believing Community
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Church
NEW term. Consistent rendering required across the Lord’s Prayer (6:12,14-15), the unforgiving-servant parable (18:21-35), and the Last Supper (26:28).
Son Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदक पुत्र
Transliteration: Dāūdak putra
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: दाऊदक सन्तान
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW term, distinct from baseline seed_of_david (दाऊदक वंशसँ, a lineage-descent phrase). Functions repeatedly as a messianic title/address used by petitioners and crowds (1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45); must read as a confession, not a bare genealogical fact. Never vary the fixed phrase across occurrences.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: इम्मानुएल — परमेश्वर हमरा सभक संग
Transliteration: Immānuel — parameśvar hamarā sabhak saṅg
Doctrine: The Incarnation (Immanuel, God With Us)
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
NEW term. Transliterate the name and always gloss its meaning using baseline परमेश्वर, reinforcing (never substituting for) देहधारण, the baseline’s Critical incarnation term (Matthew 1:23).
Virgin
Approved rendering: कुमारी
Transliteration: kumārī
Doctrine: The Virgin Conception
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
NEW term. Matthew 1:18-23. Low competing-association risk on its own but must be paired with baseline पवित्र आत्मा to make the miraculous divine agency explicit, so the virgin conception is not read as merely a remarkable human birth account.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: रूपान्तरण
Transliteration: rūpāntaraṇ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μετεμορφώθη
Category: Christology
NEW term, Matthew 17:1-8. Must be distinguished from Puranic narratives of deities assuming multiple/altered forms (e.g. vishvarupa or repeated divine self-manifestations); this is a singular unveiling of the one, unique incarnate Son’s inherent glory, directly parallel in risk-profile to देहधारण.
Sign Of Jonah
Approved rendering: योनाक चिन्ह
Transliteration: Yonāk cinh
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, Matthew 12:38-40. Direct prophetic foreshadowing of the Resurrection; must connect explicitly to baseline पुनरुत्थान rather than stand as an isolated curiosity.
Keys Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: स्वर्गक राज्यक चाबी
Transliteration: svargak rājyak cābī
Doctrine: Keys of the Kingdom and Delegated Church Authority
Original: αἱ κλεῖδες τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW term, Matthew 16:19. Reuses स्वर्गक राज्य exactly; ties to the bind-and-loose formula immediately following.
Fulfillment
Approved rendering: पूरा भेल / पूरा करब
Transliteration: pūrā bhel / pūrā karab
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθέν / πληρῶσαι
Category: Prophecy
NEW term. Matthew’s recurring ~12-occurrence formula-quotation refrain (1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 5:17; 8:17; 12:17; 13:14,35; 21:4; 26:54,56; 27:9) and Jesus’ own claim to fulfill (5:17) the Law. Must read as linear, one-time, historical fulfillment — never the cyclical yuga-restoration pattern of an avatar periodically restoring dharma. Must not be rendered merely as ‘obey’.
Authority
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikār
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: गुरु
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Authority
NEW term. Must convey inherent, self-originating authority (unlike derivative scribal authority resting on citation of prior teachers), distinguishing Jesus categorically from a guru/pandit figure whose authority rests on lineage or scriptural citation. Matthew 7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 10:1; 21:23-27; 28:18. गुरु is never used for Jesus’ own teaching role.
All Authority
Approved rendering: सम्पूर्ण अधिकार
Transliteration: sampūrṇa adhikār
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: πᾶσα ἐξουσία
Category: Great Commission
NEW term, Matthew 28:18. Reuses अधिकार exactly; must be understood as total and cosmic, not a human institutional mandate. Pair with explicit ‘in heaven and on earth’ framing every time.
Perfect
Approved rendering: पूर्ण
Transliteration: pūrṇa
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध
Original: τέλειος
Category: Ethics
NEW term, Matthew 5:48; 19:21. Rejected: सिद्ध, which in regional religious usage denotes a ‘perfected’ yogi/ascetic who has attained spiritual power through disciplined practice — a self-attained-perfection model in tension with grace. पूर्ण must gloss as wholeness reflecting God’s own character.
Almsgiving
Approved rendering: दान
Transliteration: dān
Doctrine: Hypocrisy and True Piety
Original: ἐλεημοσύνη
Category: Ethics
NEW term, Matthew 6:1-4. दान is a deeply established Hindu religious-merit category (giving to accrue पुण्य); this passage’s entire point (give in secret, expecting no reward from onlookers) must be clearly anchored so दान is not read as a merit-generating ritual act but as quiet, God-ward compassion consistent with अनुग्रह’s logic.
Greatest Commandment
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरकेँ आ पड़ोसीकेँ प्रेम करब
Transliteration: parameśvarkeṃ ā paṛosīkeṃ prem karab
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ἀγαπήσεις Κύριον τὸν θεόν σου … τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν
Category: Ethics
NEW term, Matthew 22:37-40. Summarizes true righteousness as love-driven, not legal-compliance-driven; reuses baseline परमेश्वर and प्रभु exactly.
Make Disciples Of All Nations
Approved rendering: सभ जातिसभकेँ चेला बनाऊ
Transliteration: sabh jātisabhakeṃ celā banāū
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Great Commission
NEW term, Matthew 28:19. Reuses चेला exactly; uses जातिसभ (per baseline mission-context convention) rather than अन्यजाति, since the command addresses all peoples inclusively. जाति’s caste-lineage weight in Panjikaran-conscious Mithila requires a disambiguating gloss at first occurrence.
Baptize
Approved rendering: बपतिस्मा देब
Transliteration: baptismā deb
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: स्नान
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Great Commission
NEW term, transliterating बपतिस्मा (established North Indian Bible-translation convention). Never स्नान, which would imply Hindu ritual-merit purification bathing. Matthew 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19.
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: paścātāp
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित्त
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Sin
NEW term. Must be distinguished from प्रायश्चित्त, the Hindu dharmashastra concept of a prescribed ritual/penitential act performed to nullify accumulated bad karma. Biblical repentance is relational turning toward a personal God (3:2; 4:17; 11:20-21; 12:41), not a ritual-merit transaction cancelling karmic debt.
Satan Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: śaitān
Doctrine: Satan and Temptation
Original: διάβολος / σατανᾶς
Category: Sin
NEW term, already a familiar loanword regionally via Islamic usage, but must be clearly identified in context as the personal biblical Adversary (4:1-11; 13:19,38-39; 16:23; 25:41), distinct from any generic malevolent spirit (bhoot-pret) in regional folk religion.
Call No Man Father
Approved rendering: गुरु मत कहाउ … पितो मत कहाउ
Transliteration: guru mat kahāu … pitā mat kahāu
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
Category: Authority
NEW term, Matthew 23:8-9. Restricts a social/religious honorific for human teachers — does NOT restrict or alter the baseline’s reserved theological use of पिता exclusively for God the Father, which remains untouched. The two uses must be kept visibly distinct in translation and teaching notes.
Not Peace But A Sword
Approved rendering: शान्ति नहि बल्कि तरवार
Transliteration: śānti nahi balki taravār
Doctrine: Discipleship’s Cost to Family and Social Peace
Original: οὐκ ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, Matthew 10:34-36. Qualifies (does not contradict) baseline शान्ति; addresses social/familial conflict caused by discipleship allegiance, not the believer’s relational standing with God — needed clarity given the region’s Sita-Ram domestic-harmony ideal.
For My Sake
Approved rendering: मोर कारणसँ
Transliteration: mor kāraṇsã̃
Doctrine: Persecution for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ
Category: Discipleship
NEW term. Must clearly identify Jesus (not a generic cause) as the object of allegiance, consistent with the baseline’s treatment of faith’s object always being recoverable from context. Matthew 5:11; 10:39; 16:25.
Take Up His Cross
Approved rendering: अपन क्रूस उठाओब
Transliteration: apan krūs uṭhāob
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: ἆραι τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, reusing क्रूस. Matthew 10:38; 16:24. Must not be replaced with a generic ‘burden’ term, which would lose the specific reference to Christ’s own crucifixion path.
Lose Life To Find It
Approved rendering: प्राण गमाकए प्राण पाएब
Transliteration: prāṇ gamākae prāṇ pāeb
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: ὁ ἀπολέσας τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ … εὑρήσει αὐτήν
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, Matthew 10:39; 16:25. Must retain the paradox intact, not soften into a generic self-sacrifice maxim; retain the paired verb structure and the ‘for my sake’ qualifying phrase.
Obedience To Christs Commands
Approved rendering: आज्ञा मानब
Transliteration: ājñā mānab
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: कर्तव्य पालन
Original: τηρεῖν πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, Matthew 28:20. Connect explicitly to baseline विश्वासक आज्ञाकारिता (obedience of faith): obedience flowing from being taught and formed by Christ, not external duty-compliance (कर्तव्य पालन).
Abomination Of Desolation
Approved rendering: उजाड़ करएवाला घृणित वस्तु
Transliteration: ujāṛ karaevālā ghṛṇit vastu
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, Matthew 24:15, referencing Daniel 9, 11-12. Requires OT (Daniel) background explanation for an audience with low OT narrative literacy; ties End of the Age doctrine to specific prophecy.
Sheep And Goats Judgment
Approved rendering: भेड़ आ बकरीक न्याय
Transliteration: bheṛ ā bakarīk nyāya
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: Matthew 25:31-46 (narrative unit)
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, Matthew 25:31-46. Final judgment separating humanity based on treatment of ‘the least of these’; ties Discipleship ethics directly to final Judgment, reuses अनन्त जीवन and अनन्त दण्ड exactly.
Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय
Transliteration: nyāya
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: κρίσις / κρίνω
Category: Eschatology
NEW term. Must be presented as personal divine adjudication (7:1-2; 12:36; 25:31-46) — not an impersonal cause-effect karmic process, a live risk given the region’s karma-based moral reasoning.
Wedding Feast Cornerstone Parables
Approved rendering: जकरा राजमिस्त्री अस्वीकार केलक से कोणाक पाथर बनि गेल
Transliteration: jakarā rājmistrī asvīkār kelak se koṇāk pāthar bani gel
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: ὁ λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας
Category: Kingdom
NEW term, Matthew 21:42, quoting Psalm 118:22-23 at the climax of the parable of the wicked tenants. Ties Fulfillment of Prophecy directly to the Passion and Resurrection narrative to come.
Blessed
Approved rendering: धन्य
Transliteration: dhanya
Doctrine: The Beatitudes: Divine Blessing Pronounced
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यशाली
Original: μακάριος
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:3-12 (core passage). Must be anchored as God’s own declared favor/approval, not भाग्यशाली (‘lucky’), a fatalistic term already rejected elsewhere in the Language Package (calling, election, providence). धन्य must consistently read as a divine pronouncement, never a fortune-telling idiom.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्मामे दीन
Transliteration: ātmāme dīn
Doctrine: Poverty of Spirit
Original: πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:3. Must not be confused with the ascetic renunciation ideal of Mithila’s Shaiva/Vaishnava math traditions, where ‘poverty of spirit’ could be misheard as a meritorious achieved state (vairagya) rather than an honest confession of spiritual need before a personal God.
Merciful Mercy
Approved rendering: दयालु / दया
Transliteration: dayālu / dayā
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Original: ἐλεήμων / ἔλεος
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 23:23. Must be kept distinct from baseline अनुग्रह (grace, God’s unmerited saving favor): दया names compassionate action toward the needy, अनुग्रह names God’s saving favor. Also distinguish from Hindu दान/पुण्य-based charitable-giving-for-merit.
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: हृदयक पवित्रता
Transliteration: hṛdayak pavitratā
Doctrine: Purity of Heart
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:8; reinforced at 15:1-20 (‘not what enters but what comes out defiles’). Deliberately built on baseline पवित्र rather than शुद्ध, which the baseline flags as leaning toward ritual purity — a live concern given Panjikaran-linked lineage/ritual-purity culture in Mithila.
Sons Of God Beatitude
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक सन्तान कहाओत
Transliteration: parameśvarak santān kahāot
Doctrine: The Beatitudes: Divine Blessing Pronounced
Rejected alternatives: परमेश्वरक पुत्र (reserved for Christ)
Original: υἱοὶ θεοῦ κληθήσονται
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:9. Must not be confused with son_of_god (परमेश्वरक पुत्र), reserved exclusively for Christ’s unique eternal Sonship. Use gender-inclusive सन्तान (child/offspring) rather than पुत्र here, since every believer sharing this designation must not be heard as sharing Christ’s unique divine Sonship.
Reward
Approved rendering: प्रतिफल
Transliteration: pratiphal
Doctrine: Reward Held in Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफल
Original: μισθός
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:12; 6:1-18; 20:1-16. Must not be heard as कर्मफल (karma-fruit — the automatic, impersonal fruit of one’s actions, explicitly rejected for ‘grace’ in the baseline). Pair with a translator note at first occurrence distinguishing this from a karma-merit transaction; the vineyard-laborers parable (20:1-16) is the clearest illustrated case.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, पंडित
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to the Twelve, specifically commissioned and named at Matthew 10:2. Never पंडित.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: चैन, सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Discipleship
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 10:34’s ‘not peace but a sword’ (see not_peace_but_a_sword below) qualifies but does not contradict this term — that saying addresses social/familial conflict caused by discipleship, not the believer’s relational standing with God.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक वरदान
Transliteration: ātmik varadān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धि
Inherited from Romans package. Low direct occurrence in Matthew itself but retained for cross-curriculum consistency in teaching material referencing the Spirit’s enabling work.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: maṇḍalī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, मठ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. First explicit founding statement at Matthew 16:18 (‘my church’); procedural use in 18:17. Never मन्दिर or मठ.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरक राज्य
Transliteration: parameśvarak rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरक राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Used by Matthew interchangeably with ‘kingdom of heaven’ in a handful of places (6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43), confirming co-reference between the two phrases; use ONLY where Matthew’s Greek itself uses this exact phrase, never as a silent substitute for kingdom_of_heaven (see below).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In mission contexts (e.g. the Great Commission, 28:19) use जातिसभ instead, per baseline’s own mission-context convention — see make_disciples_of_all_nations below.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: सिफारिश
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on the Lord’s Prayer (6:9-13) and Gethsemane (26:36-46).
Mission
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार प्रचार
Transliteration: susamācār pracār
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: मिशन
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Great Commission
Inherited from Romans package. Appears at 24:14 and grounds the Great Commission (28:19-20); avoid the borrowed English ‘मिशन’.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Dāūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors Matthew’s opening genealogy (1:1-17) and the NEW titles दाऊदक पुत्र (Son of David) and दाऊदक वंशसँ (seed of David) — see below.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout Matthew, especially in Gentile-inclusion passages (8:10; 15:24).
False Prophets
Approved rendering: झूठ भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: jhūṭh bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: Prophecy
NEW compound built on baseline भविष्यद्वक्ता. Matthew 7:15; 24:11,24. Must be kept distinct from ज्योतिषी and never confused with genuine prophetic office.
Magi Contextual
Approved rendering: ज्योतिषी
Transliteration: jyotiṣī
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel: Gentile Inclusion
Original: μάγοι
Category: Prophecy
NEW term, Matthew 2:1-12. The baseline explicitly rejects ज्योतिषी as a rendering for ‘prophet’; here it is contextually accurate since the Magi genuinely were astrologer-priests. A translator note should clarify this describes their actual historical profession, not an endorsement of astrology as revelation, and must never be interchanged with भविष्यद्वक्ता.
Tradition Of The Elders
Approved rendering: पुरनका परम्परा
Transliteration: puranakā paramparā
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἡ παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων
Category: Authority
NEW term, Matthew 15:2-3,6. Accumulated human legal tradition, contrasted with actual divine commandment; handle carefully given the deep regional value placed on inherited religious/social custom (e.g. Panjikaran-linked lineage tradition).
Scribes
Approved rendering: शास्त्री
Transliteration: śāstrī
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: γραμματεῖς
Category: Authority
NEW term. Established North Indian Bible-translation convention; carries some resonance with Hindu scriptural-scholar roles, similar in kind (though milder) to the baseline’s caution about पंडित for ‘apostle’. Retain with explanatory note at first occurrence (2:4; 5:20; 7:29; 9:3; 12:38; 15:1; 23:2-36); strictly the negative foil to Jesus’ own अधिकार, never applied to Jesus.
Pharisees
Approved rendering: फरीसी
Transliteration: Farīsī
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: Φαρισαῖοι
Category: Authority
NEW term, transliteration of a proper name; recurring foil throughout Matthew (3:7; 5:20; 9:11,34; 12:2,14,24; 15:1,12; 16:1,6,11-12; 19:3; 22:15,34,41; 23:2-36). Low ambiguity beyond consistency.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: पाखण्डी
Transliteration: pākhaṇḍī
Doctrine: Hypocrisy and True Piety
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Ethics
NEW term, lit. ‘stage actor’. The negative foil to true righteousness throughout Matthew 6-7, 15, 22-23; standard term with low competing-association risk.
Fasting
Approved rendering: उपवास
Transliteration: upavās
Doctrine: Hypocrisy and True Piety
Original: νηστεύω
Category: Ethics
NEW term, Matthew 6:16-18; 9:14-15. Collides with the widely practiced Hindu vrat/upavās (vow-fasting for merit or to fulfill a religious vow); the warning against practicing piety ‘to be seen by others’ is especially pointed given the social visibility of regional vrat-observance.
Temptation
Approved rendering: परीक्षा
Transliteration: parīkṣā
Doctrine: Satan and Temptation
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Sin
NEW term. Standard across the temptation narrative (ch. 4), the Lord’s Prayer’s petition (6:13), and Gethsemane (26:41); pair consistently with शैतान for personal-agent contexts.
Yoke
Approved rendering: जुआ
Transliteration: juā
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ζυγός
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, Matthew 11:29-30. A rabbinic-teaching metaphor (a rabbi’s total body of instruction a disciple submits to); gloss at first occurrence, contrasting with the burdensome legal tradition of the scribes/Pharisees.
Rest
Approved rendering: विश्राम
Transliteration: viśrām
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἀνάπαυσις
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, Matthew 11:28-29. Distinguish from mere physical rest; this is relief from religious/spiritual burden offered by Jesus, unlike the burdensome legalism of the scribes/Pharisees.
Divorce
Approved rendering: तलाक / विवाह-विच्छेद
Transliteration: talāq / vivāh-vicched
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἀπολῦσαι τὴν γυναῖκα
Category: Ethics
NEW term, Matthew 19:3-9. A culturally sensitive topic requiring pastoral care in teaching material, given regional marriage-custom expectations; Jesus roots marriage in God’s original creation design, not Mosaic concession.
Mammon
Approved rendering: मैमोन / धन
Transliteration: maimon / dhan
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Ethics
NEW term, Matthew 6:24. Transliterate मैमोन to preserve the personification (wealth-as-rival-master); a flat धन alone loses the idol/rival-god nuance.
Narrow Gate
Approved rendering: सङ्कीर्ण द्वार
Transliteration: saṅkīrṇa dvār
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ἡ στενὴ πύλη
Category: Eschatology
NEW term, Matthew 7:13-14. Reinforces the Kingdom’s exclusivity of entrance, contrasted with the easy/wide way to destruction.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: सब्त / विश्राम दिन
Transliteration: sabbat / viśrām din
Doctrine: Jesus’ Authority Over the Sabbath
Original: σάββατον
Category: Authority
NEW term, Matthew 12:1-14. Transliterate सब्त as primary form (established North Indian Bible-translation convention) with विश्राम दिन as gloss; avoids confusion with unrelated regional rest-day customs.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: होशाना
Transliteration: hośānā
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Ὡσαννά
Category: Christology
NEW term, transliterated liturgical loanword. Matthew 21:9,15. Reuse दाऊदक पुत्र exactly in the accompanying acclamation phrase.
Meek
Approved rendering: नम्र
Transliteration: namra
Doctrine: The Beatitudes: Divine Blessing Pronounced
Original: πραεῖς
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:5. Must read as strength restrained by humility, not timidity or weakness.
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: शान्ति स्थापित करनिहार
Transliteration: śānti sthāpit karanihār
Doctrine: Peacemaking
Original: εἰρηνοποιοί
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:9. Built on baseline शान्ति; must be read as active reconciling work, not the passive domestic-harmony ideal (gharelu sukh-shanti) associated regionally with the Sita-Ram household model.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: सताओल गेल
Transliteration: satāol gel
Doctrine: Persecution for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δεδιωγμένοι
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:10-12; 10:16-25. Suffering for righteousness/allegiance to Christ must be presented as evidence of belonging to the Kingdom, not a sign of divine disfavor — a needed clarification given regional karma-based readings of suffering.
Eye Of A Needle
Approved rendering: ऊँटक सूइक नाकासँ जाएब
Transliteration: ū̃ṭak sūik nākāsã̃ jāeb
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
NEW term, Matthew 19:24. Proverbial hyperbole for human impossibility apart from grace (‘with man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible’); reinforces baseline grace doctrine against merit-based readings of salvation.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at the Last Supper (26:27).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सङ्गति
Transliteration: saṅgati
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता, समाज
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on the gathered church community (18:20, ‘where two or three are gathered’).
Prophet
Approved rendering: भविष्यद्वक्ता
Transliteration: bhaviṣyadvaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from ज्योतिषी (astrologer/fortune-teller), except in the contextually accurate, non-normative descriptive use for the Magi (ch. 2) — see magi_contextual below.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Elevated practical significance in Matthew as a recurring structural refrain across the whole Gospel, paired with the NEW term पूरा भेल/पूरा करब (fulfillment) — see fulfillment below.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित करब
Transliteration: utsāhit karab
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to teaching material on mutual encouragement among disciples (18:15-20).
Talents Stewardship
Approved rendering: तोड़ा / धनराशि
Transliteration: toṛā / dhanrāśi
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: τάλαντα
Category: Discipleship
NEW term, Matthew 25:14-30. A monetary unit translated functionally; faithful stewardship evaluated at the Master’s return ties to the Judgment doctrine.
New Wine In Old Wineskins
Approved rendering: नयाँ दाखरस पुरान मशकमे
Transliteration: nayā̃ dākhras purān maśakme
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς
Category: Authority
NEW term, Matthew 9:17. Figurative teaching on the Kingdom’s incompatibility with the old religious system’s forms; figurative, culturally transparent image with low doctrinal risk beyond the point already covered.
Parable
Approved rendering: दृष्टान्त
Transliteration: dṛṣṭānt
Doctrine: Parables as a Teaching Method
Original: παραβολή
Category: Authority
NEW term. Standard, well-established term with no significant competing religious association; primary vehicle for Kingdom teaching in Matthew 13 and elsewhere.
Mourn Comforted
Approved rendering: शोक करनिहार / सान्त्वना पाओब
Transliteration: śok karanihār / sāntvanā pāob
Doctrine: The Beatitudes: Divine Blessing Pronounced
Original: πενθοῦντες / παρακληθήσονται
Category: Beatitudes
NEW term, Matthew 5:4. Ensure the verb form conveys an active divine act of consolation, not a passive natural process or resignation to fate.
Referenced passages