Core Glossary
1 Corinthians Core Glossary — English → Thai
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering 1 Corinthians chapters 1-16 in full. Terms already established in the baseline Romans/Galatians Language Package are marked [BASELINE] and their recorded Thai renderings are reused exactly, per the hard rule that established renderings must not be altered. New terms are proposed here for formal addition to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 1 Step 2.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions exactly: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review recommended) / Low (automated review sufficient).
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused (No Change Permitted)
| Term | Thai Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) in 1 Corinthians | 1 Corinthians Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | ข่าวประเสริฐ | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1:17; 4:15; 9:12-18; 15:1 |
| grace | พระคุณ | Critical | Resurrection; The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1:3; 3:10; 15:10 |
| faith | ความเชื่อ | Medium | Resurrection; Love as the Greater Way | 2:5; 13:2, 13; 15:2, 11, 14, 17 |
| salvation | ความรอด | Critical | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 1:18, 21; 15:2 |
| justification | การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness | 6:11 |
| sanctification | การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์ | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 1:2; 6:11 |
| saints | วิสุทธิชน | Medium | Christian Unity; Lord’s Supper | 1:2; 6:1-2; 16:1, 15 |
| holy | บริสุทธิ์ | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 3:17; 7:14, 34 |
| resurrection | การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15:4, 12-13, 21, 42 |
| apostle | อัครทูต | Medium | Christian Unity; Order in Worship | 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-2; 12:28-29; 15:7, 9 |
| called | ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก | High | Christian Unity | 1:1-2, 24, 26 |
| calling | การทรงเรียก | High | Marriage and Singleness | 1:26; 7:20 |
| church | คริสตจักร | Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 1:2; 4:17; 6:4; 11:18; 12:28; 14:4-5, 12; 15:9 |
| lord | องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า | Critical | The Lord’s Supper; Order in Worship | 1:2, 8-9; 8:6; 10:21-22; 11:20, 23-27; 12:3 |
| kingdom_of_god | แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 4:20; 6:9-10; 15:24, 50 |
| spiritual_gifts | ของประทานฝ่ายวิญญาณ | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12:1, 4, 9, 28-31; 14:1, 12 |
| fellowship | การสามัคคีธรรม | Low → Medium (elevated per idol-food context) | The Lord’s Supper; Christian Liberty | 1:9; 10:16-20 |
| glory | พระสิริ | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2:7-8; 10:31; 11:7, 15 |
| flesh | เนื้อหนัง | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness | 3:1, 3 |
| freedom (ἐλευθερία) | เสรีภาพ | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 7:21-22; 9:1, 19; 10:29 |
| anathema | ให้ผู้นั้นถูกสาปแช่ง | High | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 16:22 |
| mutual_edification (οἰκοδομή) | การเสริมสร้างซึ่งกันและกัน | Low | Order in Worship; Spiritual Gifts | 3:9-12; 8:1; 10:23; 14:3-5, 12, 17, 26 |
| prophecy / prophet | คำพยากรณ์ / ผู้เผยพระวจนะ | Low | Order in Worship | 12:10, 28; 13:2, 8-9; 14:1-6, 22-39 |
| christian_identity_in_christ | ”ในพระคริสต์” idiom, per baseline conventions | High | Resurrection; Body of Christ | 1:2, 30; 15:18, 22 |
Section B — New Terms Proposed for 1 Corinthians Translation Memory
| Term (English) | Greek Original | Thai Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wisdom (of God) | σοφία (θεοῦ) | สติปัญญา(ของพระเจ้า) | satipanya (khong Phra Chao) | Critical | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | ปัญญา (as primary gloss) | NEVER use bare ปัญญา as the primary gloss — the precise Theravada Buddhist technical term for the liberating insight attained through the Noble Eightfold Path (one of the three trainings: ศีล-สมาธิ-ปัญญา). God’s wisdom is his own redemptive plan in the crucified Christ, revealed by grace, not insight self-attained through meditative discipline. |
| foolishness | μωρία | ความโง่เขลา | khwam ngo khela | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | — | The cross appears foolish to human wisdom but is God’s saving power; must retain the deliberate paradox, not soften it into mere humility. |
| cross | σταυρός | ไม้กางเขน | mai kang khen | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | — | Established, low-collision Thai Christian term; the folly/wisdom paradox must not be domesticated into a generic symbol of suffering or merit-earning sacrifice. |
| stumbling block | σκάνδαλον / πρόσκομμα | สิ่งที่ทำให้สะดุด | sing thi tham hai sadut | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat; The Cross as Wisdom and Power | — | Reused across 1:23 (the cross as stumbling block to Jews) and 8:9 (liberty as potential stumbling block to weaker believers). |
| mystery | μυστήριον | ข้อล้ำลึก | kho lam luek | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | ความลับ (secret) | Established Thai Bible term; must be distinguished from occult “secret knowledge” traditions and Buddhist meditative insight attained through personal discipline. |
| spiritual person / natural person | πνευματικός / ψυχικός | ผู้ที่อยู่ฝ่ายพระวิญญาณ / มนุษย์ธรรมดา | phu thi yu fai Phra Winyan / manut thammada | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | ผู้บรรลุธรรม (one who has attained the Dhamma) | Must be anchored to receiving the Holy Spirit as a gift at conversion, not a graded spiritual-attainment hierarchy analogous to Buddhist stages of enlightenment. |
| division / faction | σχίσμα | ความแตกแยก | khwam taek yaek | Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | — | Must be framed as a violation of unity-in-Christ, not acceptable diversity of equally valid teaching (cf. baseline false_gospel caution). |
| strife / quarreling | ἔρις | การทะเลาะวิวาท | kan thalao wiwat | Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | — | — |
| carnal | σαρκικός | เนื้อหนัง (adj. form) | nuea nang | Critical | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | กิเลส | Reuses the Galatians-package flesh entry exactly; never กิเลส. |
| temple (of God / of the Spirit) | ναός | วิหาร | wihan | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | วัด | วิหาร (sacred shrine hall) must be sharply distinguished from วัด (Buddhist temple compound, already rejected for “church” in the baseline); names the Spirit-indwelt church corporately and the individual believer’s body, a metaphorical sacred dwelling. |
| sexual immorality | πορνεία | การผิดศีลธรรมทางเพศ | kan phit sinlatham thang phet | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | การผิดศีลข้อสาม (breaking the third precept) | Must be anchored to offense against a personal, holy God and against the Spirit-indwelt body, not mere violation of a moral precept comparable to the Buddhist Five Precepts. |
| hand over to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | มอบผู้นั้นไว้กับซาตาน | mop phu nan wai kap Satan | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | คำสาปของหมอผี | Corrective, restorative discipline aimed at eventual salvation of the offender, not a folk curse (คุณไสย). |
| leaven / unleavened | ζύμη / ἄζυμος | เชื้อ / ไร้เชื้อ | chuea / rai chuea | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | — | Requires explicit OT Passover background note; no native Thai cultural equivalent. |
| our Passover | τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν | ปัสกาของเรา | patsaka khong rao | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | — | Direct OT typological claim; flag alongside fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine for theologian review. |
| member (of Christ / of the body) | μέλος | อวัยวะ | awaiyawa | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness; Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | — | Organic-union sense; reused in chs. 6 and 12. |
| bought with a price | ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς | ทรงซื้อไว้แล้วด้วยราคา | song sue wai laeo duai raka | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness | ปลดเปลื้องกรรม | Parallel caution to the Galatians-package redeem entry; never a karmic-debt-clearing frame. |
| marriage | γάμος | การสมรส | kan somrot | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | — | — |
| singleness / celibacy | ἀγαμία / παρθένος | ความเป็นโสด / หญิงพรหมจารี | khwam pen sot / ying phromma charee | High | Marriage and Singleness | การถือพรหมจรรย์ (as primary frame) | Must not be conflated with Buddhist monastic celibacy as a higher-attainment or merit-generating path; framed as practical, temporary devotion, not spiritual superiority. |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια | การรู้จักบังคับตน | kan ru chak bangkhap ton | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | — | Not a merit-earning ascetic ideal; a practical pastoral criterion. |
| idol | εἴδωλον | รูปเคารพ | rup khaorop | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | Must be unambiguous given Thai Buddha images, spirit houses, and ancestral shrines. |
| food offered to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον | ของที่เซ่นไหว้รูปเคารพ | khong thi sen wai rup khaorop | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | Names a live Thai practice; must preserve Paul’s nuanced liberty-with-conscience argument, not a blanket taboo or blanket permission. |
| knowledge | γνῶσις | ความรู้ | khwam ru | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat; Love as the Greater Way | — | Subordinate rhetorically to love (13:2); insufficient alone for right conduct. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | มโนธรรม | manotham | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | Personal, God-oriented moral awareness, not mere social propriety. |
| right / authority (to act) | ἐξουσία | สิทธิ์ / อำนาจ | sit / amnat | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | Continues the freedom/liberty word-family; a right voluntarily self-limited for love’s sake. |
| imperishable crown | στέφανος ἄφθαρτος | มงกุฎที่ไม่เสื่อมสลาย | mongkut thi mai suam salai | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat (self-discipline context) | — | มงกุฎ carries royal/monarchical connotation in Thai culture; must be framed strictly as a heavenly reward metaphor, not commentary on earthly kingship. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | การนับถือรูปเคารพ | kan naptheu rup khaorop | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | Requires Exodus background teaching. |
| demon | δαιμόνιον | ผีมาร / มาร | phi man / man | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat; The Lord’s Supper | ผีบ้านผีเรือน (as equivalent) | Must be distinguished from ambiguous, sometimes-benign Thai folk nature/household spirits; names uniformly hostile spiritual powers opposed to God. |
| table of the Lord / table of demons | τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων | โต๊ะขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า / โต๊ะของผีมาร | to khong ong phra phu pen chao / to khong phi man | High | The Lord’s Supper; Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | — | Sharp contrast must be preserved; directly relevant given Thai spirit-house food-offering practice. |
| headship (metaphorical head) | κεφαλή | ศีรษะ (ในความหมายเชิงประมุข) | sisa (nai khwam mai choeng pramuk) | Medium-High | Order in Worship | — | Not a Buddhist-vocabulary collision but a Thai social-hierarchy/honor sensitivity; escalate to theologian if mutual-honor balance is lost. |
| head covering | κατακαλύπτομαι | การคลุมศีรษะ | kan khlum sisa | Medium | Order in Worship | — | Cultural-practice term requiring explanatory framing; no Thai cultural equivalent custom. |
| the Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | อาหารค่ำขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า / พิธีมหาสนิท | ahan kham khong ong phra phu pen chao / phithi maha sanit | High | The Lord’s Supper | การถวายอาหารพระ (merit-food offering) | Must retain remembrance-and-proclamation meaning, not a repeated merit-generating offering ritual. |
| body and blood (of the Lord) | σῶμα καὶ αἷμα | พระกายและพระโลหิต | phra kai lae phra lohit | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | — | Avoid literal-cannibalism framing and confusion with ancestor food-offering rituals; sacramental register to be fixed by theologian review before Phase 2. |
| discerning the body | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | การแยกแยะพระกาย | kan yaekyae phra kai | High | The Lord’s Supper | — | Preserve self-examining, corrective purpose. |
| judgment (illness/death as discipline) | κρίμα | การทรงลงโทษเพื่อแก้ไข | kan song long thot phuea kae khai | High | The Lord’s Supper; Church Discipline and Holiness | เคราะห์กรรม (impersonal karmic misfortune) | Must be personal, fatherly, corrective divine discipline, never an impersonal karmic consequence of a past act. |
| body of Christ | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | พระกายของพระคริสต์ | phra kai khong Phra Khrit | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | — | Organic interdependence of the church, not a loose voluntary association. |
| discerning of spirits | διάκρισις πνευμάτων | การสังเกตวิญญาณ / การจำแนกวิญญาณ | kan sangket winyan / kan chamnaek winyan | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | — | Distinct from folk spirit-sensing abilities of spirit mediums (ร่างทรง) and folk exorcists (หมอผี). |
| tongues / interpretation of tongues | γλῶσσαι / ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν | การพูดภาษาแปลกๆ / การแปลภาษา | kan phut phasa plaek plaek / kan plae phasa | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ; Order in Worship | — | Must not be read as evidence of spirit-possession trance (cf. ร่างทรง); a Spirit-given, edifying, orderly gift. |
| love | ἀγάπη | ความรัก | khwam rak | Critical | Love as the Greater Way | เมตตา (as primary gloss) | Never collapsed into เมตตา (cultivated Buddhist loving-kindness) as the primary theological frame; Spirit-produced, covenantal, God-grounded love, greater than any gift, knowledge, faith, or hope. |
| hope | ἐλπίς | ความหวัง | khwam wang | Medium | Love as the Greater Way | — | A confident, God-grounded expectation, not a vague wish. |
| order (in worship) | τάξις / εὐσχημόνως | ความเป็นระเบียบ / อย่างเหมาะสม | khwam pen rabiap / yang mo som | Medium | Order in Worship | — | The governing summary principle of ch.14; interacts with ch.11 headship sensitivities. |
| firstfruits | ἀπαρχή | ผลแรก | phon raek | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | — | Requires OT harvest-offering background. |
| last Adam | ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ | อาดัมคนสุดท้าย | Adam khon sut thai | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | — | Requires Genesis background (first Adam) for full comprehension. |
| natural body / spiritual body | σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν | ร่างกายฝ่ายธรรมชาติ / ร่างกายฝ่ายวิญญาณ | rangkai fai thammachat / rangkai fai winyan | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | ผี/วิญญาณที่เวียนเกิด (a wandering soul cycling through rebirths) | Must be anchored explicitly to the same body transformed by God’s own power — continuity, not abandonment of body for disembodied spirit or reincarnation into a different body. |
| perishable / imperishable | φθορά / ἀφθαρσία | ความเสื่อมสลาย / ความไม่เสื่อมสลาย | khwam suam salai / khwam mai suam salai | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | — | Must retain “genuinely mortal, now made imperishable by God’s act,” not an inherently immortal soul-essence. |
| mortal / immortality | θνητός / ἀθανασία | ความเป็นมนุษย์ที่ต้องตาย / ความเป็นอมตะ | khwam pen manut thi tong tai / khwam pen amata | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | วิญญาณอมตะที่เวียนเกิด (an inherently immortal soul cycling through rebirths) | Immortality is God’s conferred gift to the resurrected body at a specific future moment, not an inherent property of an eternal soul. |
| sting of death / victory | τὸ κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου / νῖκος | เหล็กแหลมของความตาย / ชัยชนะ | lek laem khong khwam tai / chaichana | Low-Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | — | — |
| collection (for the saints) | λογία | การถวายเงินเพื่อช่วยเหลือวิสุทธิชน | kan thawai ngoen phuea chuailuea wisutthichon | Medium | The Lord’s Supper (mutual care extension); Christian Unity | ทำบุญ (Buddhist merit-making donation) | Mutual material support within the covenant family, not merit-generating almsgiving. |
| Maranatha | Μαράνα θά | มาราธา | Marana tha | Low | Order in Worship (closing benediction) | — | Retain transliteration with brief gloss, per the abba precedent. |
| holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | การจุมพิตอันบริสุทธิ์ | kan chumphit an borisut | Low | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | — | Cultural-greeting note recommended; not a standard Thai greeting custom. |
Section C — Risk Summary for 1 Corinthians Additions
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms (Section B) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 (wisdom, carnal[reused], temple, bought with a price, body and blood, love, natural/spiritual body) * | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 17 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 20 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 4 | Automated review sufficient |
* Note: “carnal” reuses the existing Galatians-package Critical flesh entry rather than constituting an independent new Critical term; the count of genuinely new Critical terms proposed by 1 Corinthians is 6 (wisdom, temple, bought with a price, body and blood, love, natural body/spiritual body).
Section D — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference
| Curriculum Doctrine | Key Terms (this glossary) |
|---|---|
| The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | resurrection [BASELINE], firstfruits, last Adam, natural body/spiritual body, perishable/imperishable, mortal/immortality, sting of death/victory |
| Christian Unity versus Factionalism | church [BASELINE], called [BASELINE], division/faction, strife/quarreling, carnal, anathema [BASELINE], collection (for the saints), holy kiss |
| The Cross as Wisdom and Power | gospel [BASELINE], grace [BASELINE], glory [BASELINE], kingdom_of_god [BASELINE], wisdom (of God), foolishness, cross, stumbling block, mystery, spiritual person/natural person |
| Church Discipline and Holiness | sanctification [BASELINE], justification [BASELINE], holy [BASELINE], flesh/carnal, temple, sexual immorality, hand over to Satan, leaven/unleavened, our Passover, member, bought with a price |
| Marriage and Singleness | calling [BASELINE], marriage, singleness/celibacy, self-control |
| Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | freedom [BASELINE], fellowship [BASELINE], idol, food offered to idols, knowledge, conscience, right/authority, imperishable crown, idolatry, demon, table of the Lord/table of demons |
| The Lord’s Supper | lord [BASELINE], fellowship [BASELINE], the Lord’s Supper, body and blood, discerning the body, judgment (illness/death as discipline), table of the Lord/table of demons, collection (for the saints) |
| Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | spiritual_gifts [BASELINE], apostle [BASELINE], body of Christ, member, discerning of spirits, tongues/interpretation of tongues |
| Love as the Greater Way | faith [BASELINE], love, hope, knowledge |
| Order in Worship | prophecy/prophet [BASELINE], mutual_edification [BASELINE], headship, head covering, order, tongues/interpretation of tongues |
This glossary is the authoritative Step 1 term inventory for 1 Corinthians. Step 2 will formally merge Section B into an updated translation_memory.json, and Step 3 will extend doctrine_risk_registry.json with the doctrines listed in Section D, consistent with the baseline’s risk-tier conventions and review-routing rules.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 15:10 (‘not I, but the grace of God’) is one of the NT’s clearest single-verse grace-versus-merit statements; the Thai reader must not hear Paul’s hard labor as generating merit that grace merely supplements. NEVER บุญ, กรรมดี, or บารมี.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 15:2’s present-passive ‘you are being saved’ stresses ongoing application of a completed saving act; the passive voice must not be lost in Thai phrasing, which could otherwise read as self-sustained spiritual attainment. NEVER การบรรลุนิพพาน.
Justification
Approved rendering: การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: kan thuk nap wa pen phu chop tham
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: การได้บุญ
Original: ἐδικαιώθητε
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named alongside washing and sanctification in 1 Corinthians 6:11 as the Corinthians’ decisive, completed legal status-change on the basis of Christ’s work, not a gradual moral improvement or merit-accumulation.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย
Transliteration: kan pen khuen chak tai
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: ἀνάστασις (νεκρῶν) / ἐγήγερται
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. The single most doctrinally load-bearing term in 1 Corinthians (15:4, 12-13, 20-23, 42); Christ’s bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection guarantees believers’ own future bodily resurrection. NEVER การเกิดใหม่/การกลับชาติมาเกิด (rebirth/reincarnation).
Lord
Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: เจ้านาย, ท่านผู้นำ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, cross-referenced to the Romans 10:9 verbatim-consistency rule. The 12:3 confession พระเยซูทรงเป็นองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า must render identically to the Romans baseline; structures the Lord’s Supper and Lord’s-table language of chs. 10-11. Must not blur into ordinary respectful-address register or royal honorific vocabulary.
Flesh
Approved rendering: เนื้อหนัง
Transliteration: nuea nang
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: กิเลส
Original: σάρξ / σαρκικός
Category: Anthropology
Inherited from Galatians package. Named directly at 3:1, 3 as the diagnosis of the Corinthians’ factionalism. NEVER กิเลส (Buddhist defilements extinguished through one’s own meditative discipline); this is relational immaturity corrected by the Spirit, not a self-directed purification project.
Freedom
Approved rendering: เสรีภาพ
Transliteration: seriphap
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: หลุดพ้น, วิมุตติ
Original: ἐλευθερία / ἐλεύθερος
Category: Freedom
Inherited from Galatians package. Exercised and voluntarily self-limited throughout chs. 7-10 (7:21-22; 9:1, 19; 10:29); Paul’s point — surrendering rights for love’s sake — inverts entirely if heard as a self-attained liberation to be protected rather than a Christ-given liberty to be laid down. NEVER หลุดพ้น or วิมุตติ.
Christ
Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. Central to the creedal statement of 15:3-5 and the ‘body of Christ’ image (12:12-27); established transliterated proper-name form, no independent Thai-specific collision beyond the general Messiah caution already documented in the baseline.
Jesus
Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: Gospel Tradition and Apostolic Testimony
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard Thai Bible form; the subject of the 12:3 confession and the risen figure who appeared to Cephas, the Twelve, the 500, James, all the apostles, and Paul (15:5-8). The honorific พระ prefix must be reinforced as marking unique deity, not generic sacredness shared with Buddha images or royalty.
God
Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Explicit subject of Paul’s grace (15:10), the church’s ownership (15:9), and the final judge who ‘is not mocked’ — the personal, accountable character of God must remain explicit especially in the church-discipline and judgment passages (5:1-13; 11:29-32), which are otherwise vulnerable to an impersonal-karma reading. NEVER เทวดา or พระพรหม.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: The Body as Temple of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Searches the deep things of God (2:10-11), indwells believers individually (6:19) and corporately (3:16), and distributes spiritual gifts (ch.12). Especially critical in chs. 12 and 14, where Thai vocabulary for trance, spirit-possession, and spirit-mediums (ร่างทรง) makes the personal, divine identity of this Spirit easy to blur with folk-animist categories. NEVER วิญญาณ alone or ผี.
Wisdom Of God
Approved rendering: สติปัญญา(ของพระเจ้า)
Transliteration: satipanya (khong Phra Chao)
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ปัญญา (as primary gloss)
Original: σοφία (θεοῦ)
Category: Wisdom
NEW. CRITICAL: never bare ปัญญา — the precise Theravada Buddhist technical term for the liberating insight into impermanence/non-self attained through the Noble Eightfold Path (one of the three trainings ศีล-สมาธิ-ปัญญา). God’s wisdom is his own gracious redemptive plan disclosed in the crucified Christ (1:18-31; 2:6-7), not insight self-attained through meditative discipline. Flag every occurrence in chs. 1-3 for theologian review.
Carnal
Approved rendering: เนื้อหนัง
Transliteration: nuea nang
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: กิเลส
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Anthropology
NEW, reusing the Galatians-package flesh entry exactly (σαρκικός, 3:1, 3). NEVER กิเลส. The Corinthians’ factionalism is relational immaturity to be corrected by the Spirit, not a self-directed purification project pursued through meditative discipline.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: ทรงซื้อไว้แล้วด้วยราคา
Transliteration: song sue wai laeo duai raka
Doctrine: The Body as Temple of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ปลดเปลื้องกรรม
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW. The fact of Christ’s purchase of the believer, grounding the obligation to honor God with the body (6:20). CRITICAL: parallel caution to the Galatians-package redeem (ทรงไถ่) entry — never ปลดเปลื้องกรรม (clearing one’s own karmic debt). This is Christ’s own completed purchase, not a moral ledger the believer works off.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: พระกายและพระโลหิต
Transliteration: phra kai lae phra lohit
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα (τοῦ κυρίου)
Category: Sacrament
NEW. The Supper’s elements, bearing the weight of Christ’s own sacrificial body and blood (11:23-27; cf. 10:16). CRITICAL: must avoid any framing suggesting literal cannibalism or, in the Thai context, confusion with ancestor food-offering rituals. The precise sacramental register (memorial vs. stronger real-presence language) must be fixed by theologian review before Phase 2 and applied identically at every occurrence (10:16; 11:23-27).
Love
Approved rendering: ความรัก
Transliteration: khwam rak
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: เมตตา (as primary gloss)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
NEW. Self-giving, covenantal, willed love, greater than any spiritual gift, knowledge, faith, or hope (ch.13), because it alone never fails and reflects God’s own character. CRITICAL: must not be theologically collapsed into เมตตา (Buddhist mettā, self-cultivated loving-kindness, one of the four Brahmavihārā). Consistent with the Galatians package’s fruit_of_the_spirit precedent (already ความรัก, unglossed). Central to the whole curriculum; flag every occurrence in ch.13 for theologian review, given the chapter’s exceptional public quotability outside the church.
Natural Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: ร่างกายฝ่ายธรรมชาติ / ร่างกายฝ่ายวิญญาณ
Transliteration: rangkai fai thammachat / rangkai fai winyan
Doctrine: The Nature of the Resurrection Body
Rejected alternatives: ผี/วิญญาณที่เวียนเกิด (a wandering soul cycling through rebirths)
Original: σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The present, perishable, Adam-patterned body versus the future, Spirit-empowered, imperishable resurrection body — the SAME body, sown and raised, not two different bodies (15:35-49). High risk of assimilation into a popular Thai-Buddhist-animist notion of a ‘spirit body’ or wandering soul (วิญญาณ/ผี) distinct from, and simply replacing, the physical body in an ongoing cycle of rebirth. Must be anchored explicitly to the same body transformed by God’s own power.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khao prasoet
Doctrine: Gospel Tradition and Apostolic Testimony
Rejected alternatives: ข่าวดี
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 this is the fixed apostolic content (death, burial, resurrection ‘according to the Scriptures’) received and proclaimed identically by every apostle (15:11); must not be read as one pleasant report among many, nor as a locally variable teaching.
Faith
Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from Medium to High for 1 Corinthians given the chapter-13 triad (faith, hope, love) and the specific gospel content of 15:3-5 as the required object of belief. ศรัทธา’s Buddhist devotional-confidence connotation risks generalizing this into sincerity of religious feeling untethered from the risen Christ.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: kan song chamra hai borisut
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: การชำระบาปด้วยตนเอง
Original: ἡγιάσθητε / ἡγιασμένοι
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied at 1 Corinthians 1:2 and 6:11; the Corinthians are addressed as already sanctified despite serious moral failure, which must not be softened into a status still being earned through self-directed discipline.
Saints
Approved rendering: วิสุทธิชน
Transliteration: wisutthichon
Doctrine: Mutual Care and the Collection for the Saints
Rejected alternatives: พระอรหันต์
Original: ἅγιοι / ἡγιασμένοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from Medium to High given the deeply flawed, factional, morally struggling Corinthian church still being addressed as วิสุทธิชน (1:2). Never a spiritually elite ascetic class comparable to a พระอรหันต์. Reused at 16:1, 15 for the Jerusalem collection.
Holy
Approved rendering: บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: borisut
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: ศักดิ์สิทธิ์
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the church’s corporate identity (3:17) and to marriage/family relationships (7:14, 34); keep the moral/relational sense distinct from ศักดิ์สิทธิ์’s object/site sacred-potency connotation.
Called
Approved rendering: ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก
Transliteration: phu thi song riak
Doctrine: Apostolic Calling and Authority
Rejected alternatives: ผู้ที่ได้รับเชิญ
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Applied at 1:1-2, 24, 26 to God’s summons into apostleship, sainthood, and salvation; must be distinguished from a revocable social invitation and from โชคชะตา-style fixed destiny.
Calling
Approved rendering: การทรงเรียก
Transliteration: kan song riak
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Applied at 7:20 to the believer’s marital/social state as the situation in which God’s sovereign summons is lived out — never an assigned karmic station (โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม).
Glory
Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: บารมี
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked at 2:7-8 (the wisdom that leads to glory) and 10:31 (‘do all to the glory of God’); never บารมี — God’s glory is his own inherent radiance, not merit or charisma accumulated over lifetimes.
Anathema
Approved rendering: ให้ผู้นั้นถูกสาปแช่ง
Transliteration: hai phu nan thuk sap chaeng
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: คำสาปของหมอผี
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Galatians package. Closing covenantal curse-formula on anyone with no love for the Lord (16:22); must remain God’s own covenantal judgment, never a folk curse invoked through spirit-cursing (คุณไสย).
Sin
Approved rendering: บาป
Transliteration: bap
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: อกุศลกรรม
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced as the reason for Christ’s death (15:3) and as death’s ‘sting’ now nullified (15:56); must be anchored to a personal-God framework, not the impersonal negative-karma sense of อกุศลกรรม.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: rit det khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: อำนาจศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของวัตถุมงคล
Inherited from Romans package. Paired throughout 1:18-25 with wisdom_of_god as the cross’s dual character (folly to the world, but God’s own power and wisdom); never the sacred potency ascribed to amulets and holy objects (วัตถุมงคล).
Appeared
Approved rendering: ทรงปรากฏ
Transliteration: song prakot
Doctrine: Gospel Tradition and Apostolic Testimony
Rejected alternatives: นิมิตส่วนตัว (a private vision)
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Christology
NEW. The formal verb of resurrection-appearance in the 15:5-8 creedal list (ὤφθη). Must retain a real, external, witnessable appearance of the bodily-risen Christ; must not be read as a subjective inner vision comparable to a meditator’s private insight-experience or a spirit-medium’s (ร่างทรง) trance vision — directly analogous to the baseline’s revelation/หมอดู caution.
Spiritual Vs Natural Person
Approved rendering: ผู้ที่อยู่ฝ่ายพระวิญญาณ / มนุษย์ธรรมดา
Transliteration: phu thi yu fai Phra Winyan / manut thammada
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ผู้บรรลุธรรม (one who has attained the Dhamma)
Original: πνευματικός / ψυχικός
Category: Wisdom
NEW. The distinction (πνευματικός/ψυχικός, 2:14-15) between one who receives the Spirit’s revealed wisdom and one relying on unaided human perception, on the basis of possessing the Spirit, not a graded hierarchy of attainment. Must be anchored explicitly to receiving the Holy Spirit as a gift at conversion, not an achieved level of insight comparable to Buddhist stages of enlightenment.
Temple
Approved rendering: วิหาร
Transliteration: wihan
Doctrine: The Body as Temple of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: วัด
Original: ναός
Category: Church
NEW. God’s dwelling place, applied corporately to the church (3:16-17) and individually to the believer’s body (6:19). วิหาร (sacred shrine hall) must be sharply distinguished from วัด (Buddhist temple compound, already rejected for ‘church’); retain only in explicit possessive metaphorical constructions (‘วิหารของพระเจ้า/ของพระวิญญาณ’), never as a bare noun naming a visitable physical site.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: การผิดศีลธรรมทางเพศ
Transliteration: kan phit sinlatham thang phet
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: การผิดศีลข้อสาม (breaking the third precept)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
NEW. Sexual sin outside God’s design — incest as grounds for discipline (ch.5) and union with a prostitute as incompatible with union with Christ (6:12-20). Must be anchored to offense against a personal, holy God and the Spirit-indwelt body, not mere violation of a Buddhist Five Precept comparable to ศีลข้อ 3.
Leaven
Approved rendering: เชื้อ / ไร้เชื้อ
Transliteration: chuea / rai chuea
Doctrine: Christ Our Passover
Original: ζύμη / ἄζυμος
Category: Covenant
NEW. OT Passover imagery of corruption versus purity, applied to the church’s need to remove the old leaven of sin (5:6-8). Requires explicit OT Passover background teaching, paralleling the baseline’s Davidic-covenant background requirement; no native Thai cultural equivalent.
Passover
Approved rendering: ปัสกาของเรา
Transliteration: patsaka khong rao
Doctrine: Christ Our Passover
Original: τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ himself as the fulfillment of the Passover sacrifice (5:7); a direct OT typological claim requiring careful explanatory framing for a Thai audience with low OT narrative literacy. Flag alongside the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine for theologian review. Reuses the established ปัสกา loan-form rather than a fresh transliteration.
Singleness
Approved rendering: ความเป็นโสด
Transliteration: khwam pen sot
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: การถือพรหมจรรย์ (as primary frame)
Original: ἀγαμία / παρθένος
Category: Marriage
NEW. The unmarried state, commended for undivided devotion to the Lord ‘in view of the present distress’ (7:25-38), not as an inherently higher spiritual state. Significant risk of conflation with Buddhist monastic celibacy (การถือพรหมจรรย์), a merit-generating, higher-attainment path in the popular Thai religious imagination. Must be framed as practical, temporary devotion, never a higher tier comparable to ordination (บวช).
Idol
Approved rendering: รูปเคารพ
Transliteration: rup khaorop
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Idolatry
NEW. A worshipped image representing a false god, introducing the extended discussion of chs. 8-10. Must be unambiguous given a Thai context saturated with Buddha images, spirit houses (ศาลพระภูมิ), and ancestral shrines.
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: ของที่เซ่นไหว้รูปเคารพ
Transliteration: khong thi sen wai rup khaorop
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Idolatry
NEW. Meat previously offered in idol worship, then sold or served, the concrete pastoral case of chs. 8 and 10. Names a live Thai practice (spirit-house, ancestor-table, and temple merit-making offerings); must preserve Paul’s nuanced liberty-with-conscience argument, not flatten it into either a blanket taboo or blanket permission.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: การนับถือรูปเคารพ
Transliteration: kan naptheu rup khaorop
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Idolatry
NEW. Worship of idols; Israel’s wilderness idolatry (Exodus 32) cited as a warning ‘type’ for the church (10:7, 14). Same core risk as εἴδωλον; requires Exodus background teaching for a Thai audience with low OT narrative literacy.
Demon
Approved rendering: ผีมาร / มาร
Transliteration: phi man / man
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Rejected alternatives: ผีบ้านผีเรือน (as equivalent)
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Idolatry
NEW. A malevolent spiritual being opposed to God; pagan idol-sacrifice is, spiritually, communion with demons, not with God (10:20-21). Must be distinguished from the ambiguous, sometimes-benign folk nature-spirits and household/land spirits (ผีบ้านผีเรือน) recognized in Thai folk religion; names uniformly hostile spiritual powers arrayed against the one true God.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: โต๊ะขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า / โต๊ะของผีมาร
Transliteration: to khong ong phra phu pen chao / to khong phi man
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: Sacrament
NEW. The Lord’s ritual meal of fellowship, sharply contrasted with the demons’ table; participation in either constitutes spiritual communion with whoever is honored there (10:21). Reuses lord [Critical]. The contrast must be preserved sharply, since Thai spirit-house food offerings and merit-food rituals make the ‘table of demons’ warning uncomfortably concrete. Also directly relevant to The Lord’s Supper doctrine (11:17-34).
Headship
Approved rendering: ศีรษะ (ในความหมายเชิงประมุข)
Transliteration: sisa (nai khwam mai choeng pramuk)
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship
NEW. Literal ‘head’; metaphorically, source/authority, structuring the head-covering and gender-order discussion of 11:2-16. Not a Buddhist-vocabulary collision but a Thai social-hierarchy and honor/face-sensitivity risk; native-speaker review required for tone, with escalation to theologian if the mutual-honor balance of 11:11-12 is lost.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: อาหารค่ำขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ahan kham khong ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: การถวายอาหารพระ (merit-food offering)
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Sacrament
NEW. The Lord’s own commemorative meal, instituted in remembrance of Christ’s death and proclaiming it until he comes (11:20, 23-26). Risk of collision with Thai ritual food-offering practices — Buddha-image offerings, ancestor-veneration food tables (เซ่นไหว้บรรพบุรุษ), and merit-food giving to monks (ทำบุญถวายอาหารพระ). Must retain remembrance-and-proclamation meaning, never a repeated merit-generating ritual.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: การแยกแยะพระกาย
Transliteration: kan yaekyae phra kai
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Sacrament
NEW. Recognizing the Supper’s significance and the unity of Christ’s body (both his own body and the church) before participating (11:29). Must preserve the corrective, self-examining purpose; risk of being flattened into a merely ritual precaution rather than a call to relational and doctrinal discernment.
Judgment As Discipline
Approved rendering: การทรงลงโทษเพื่อแก้ไข
Transliteration: kan song long thot phuea kae khai
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: เคราะห์กรรม
Original: κρίμα
Category: Sacrament
NEW. God’s own corrective chastening, resulting in weakness, illness, or death, for careless participation in the Supper (11:29-30). Significant risk of being read through a karma lens (เคราะห์กรรม, impersonal karmic misfortune) rather than a personal, fatherly, corrective discipline from a God who ‘is not mocked’ — the same personal-versus-impersonal distinction the Galatians baseline already draws for sowing_and_reaping.
Discerning Of Spirits
Approved rendering: การสังเกตวิญญาณ / การจำแนกวิญญาณ
Transliteration: kan sangket winyan / kan chamnaek winyan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ร่างทรง (spirit-medium terminology, as a framing source)
Original: διάκρισις πνευμάτων
Category: Church
NEW. A Spirit-given ability to identify the source (divine, human, or demonic) of a spiritual manifestation, listed among the gifts (12:10). Direct parallel risk to Thai folk-religious ‘spirit-sensing’ abilities attributed to spirit mediums (ร่างทรง) and folk exorcists (หมอผี); must be framed as Spirit-given discernment for church edification, never a natural psychic ability or occult practice.
Tongues
Approved rendering: การพูดภาษาแปลกๆ / การแปลภาษา
Transliteration: kan phut phasa plaek plaek / kan plae phasa
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ร่างทรง (spirit-medium terminology, as a framing source)
Original: γλῶσσαι / ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν
Category: Church
NEW. A Spirit-given form of prayer or prophetic speech requiring interpretation for corporate edification (ch.12), regulated for orderly worship (ch.14). Highest folk-religious collision risk in the letter: near-identical surface phenomenon to spirit-medium (ร่างทรง) trance utterance. Must be framed unambiguously as a Spirit-given, edifying, orderly gift, never evidence of possession-trance.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: ความเสื่อมสลาย / ความไม่เสื่อมสลาย
Transliteration: khwam suam salai / khwam mai suam salai
Doctrine: The Nature of the Resurrection Body
Original: φθορά / ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The resurrection body’s permanent freedom from decay, conferred by God (‘sown in corruption, raised in incorruption,’ 15:42, 50-54). Risk of drifting toward a notion of an inherently immortal soul (an eternal essence that was never actually perishable) rather than a body that was genuinely mortal and is now made imperishable specifically by God’s resurrecting act.
Mortal Immortality
Approved rendering: ความเป็นมนุษย์ที่ต้องตาย / ความเป็นอมตะ
Transliteration: khwam pen manut thi tong tai / khwam pen amata
Doctrine: The Nature of the Resurrection Body
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณอมตะที่เวียนเกิด (an inherently immortal soul cycling through rebirths)
Original: θνητός / ἀθανασία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ‘This mortal body must put on immortality’ (15:53-54) — immortality conferred by God at the resurrection, not an inherent property of an eternal soul. Must be tied explicitly to the resurrected body receiving immortality as God’s gift at a specific future moment.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: อัครทูต
Transliteration: akkhrathut
Doctrine: Apostolic Calling and Authority
Rejected alternatives: อาจารย์ใหญ่
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Paul defends his own apostolic status in 9:1-2 and 15:9 specifically on the basis of having seen the risen Lord — a qualification no later teacher, however senior (อาจารย์ใหญ่), can claim.
Church
Approved rendering: คริสตจักร
Transliteration: khritsatchak
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: วัด
Original: ἐκκλησία (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Church of God’ (1:2; 15:9) marks the congregation as God’s own possession, not a human institution or building; never วัด (a Buddhist temple compound).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phaendin khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: อาณาจักรของพระเจ้า
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced at 6:9-10 (excludes unrepentant vice) and 15:24, 50 (what ‘flesh and blood cannot inherit’ in its present corruptible form); distinguish from a territorial or political kingdom.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ของประทานฝ่ายวิญญาณ
Transliteration: khong pratan fai winyan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ฤทธิ์อำนาจลึกลับ
Original: χαρίσματα / πνευματικά
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central taxonomy term for chs. 12 and 14; the Spirit’s own sovereign distribution (12:11) must remain explicit against a backdrop of Thai folk-magic vocabulary (ฤทธิ์อำนาจลึกลับ).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: การสามัคคีธรรม
Transliteration: kan samakkhi tham
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Rejected alternatives: มิตรภาพ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; baseline risk Low, elevated to Medium here. At 10:16 κοινωνία (‘participation in the blood/body of Christ’) must carry a participatory weight parallel to the participatory weight of pagan idol-table communion it is contrasted against in 10:20-21.
Delivered Received
Approved rendering: ข้าพเจ้ามอบให้ / ท่านทั้งหลายได้รับไว้
Transliteration: khap chao mop hai / than thang lai dai rap wai
Doctrine: Gospel Tradition and Apostolic Testimony
Rejected alternatives: การได้ยินมา (casually heard about)
Original: παρέδωκα / παρελάβετε
Category: Covenant
NEW. The paired technical terms (παρέδωκα/παρελάβετε, 15:1, 3) for the formal transmission and reception of the fixed apostolic gospel tradition. Must convey formal, authoritative transmission of fixed creedal content, not a personal opinion casually shared or heard about; comparable in doctrinal weight to how ธรรมบัญญัติ is formally received in the Romans baseline, but here of gospel content.
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: ล่วงหลับไปแล้ว
Transliteration: luang lap pai laeo
Doctrine: Gospel Tradition and Apostolic Testimony
Rejected alternatives: การเวียนเกิด/ผีที่ยังไม่ได้ไปเกิดใหม่ (an implied intermediate wandering-ghost state)
Original: ἐκοιμήθησαν / κοιμῶνται
Category: Eschatology
NEW. A resurrection-hope euphemism for the death of believers (15:6, 18; 11:30) — death as temporary and reversible for those united to the risen Christ. Must not suggest reincarnation into an intermediate state or a wandering, unsettled ghost (ผี) awaiting rebirth.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: ความโง่เขลา
Transliteration: khwam ngo khela
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
NEW. The apparent absurdity of the cross to worldly wisdom, which is in fact God’s saving power (1:18, 21, 23, 25). The deliberate paradox must be preserved sharply, not softened into a general statement about humility.
Cross
Approved rendering: ไม้กางเขน
Transliteration: mai kang khen
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Wisdom
NEW. Christ’s instrument of execution, standing by metonymy for the content of gospel proclamation and the ground of the wisdom/folly paradox (1:17-18; 2:2). Established, low-collision Thai Christian term; must not be domesticated into a generic symbol of suffering or a merit-earning sacrifice.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: สิ่งที่ทำให้สะดุด
Transliteration: sing thi tham hai sadut
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σκάνδαλον / πρόσκομμα
Category: Wisdom
NEW. Reused across two distinct contexts: the cross as offense to unbelieving Jews (1:23) and the exercise of liberty toward a weaker believer’s conscience (8:9). Flag both occurrences separately in the segment cache to prevent doctrinal blending.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ข้อล้ำลึก
Transliteration: kho lam luek
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ความลับ
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Wisdom
NEW. God’s wisdom, previously hidden, now disclosed in Christ through the Spirit (2:7); also used of Paul’s own stewardship (4:1) and the resurrection transformation (15:51). Established Thai Bible term; must be distinguished from occult ‘secret knowledge’ traditions and from Buddhist meditative insight attained through personal discipline — this is revealed truth, not discovered insight.
Division
Approved rendering: ความแตกแยก
Transliteration: khwam taek yaek
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
NEW. The factional split around personalities (Paul, Apollos, Cephas) that opens the letter’s central pastoral problem (1:10-13; 11:18). Must be framed as a violation of unity-in-Christ, not acceptable diversity of equally valid teaching — the same risk already flagged for false_gospel in the Galatians baseline.
Strife
Approved rendering: การทะเลาะวิวาท
Transliteration: kan thalao wiwat
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: ἔρις
Category: Church
NEW. Quarreling and rivalry, cited alongside jealousy as concrete evidence of the Corinthians’ carnality (1:11; 3:3). Standard vocabulary; low independent Thai-specific collision risk.
Hand Over To Satan
Approved rendering: มอบผู้นั้นไว้กับซาตาน
Transliteration: mop phu nan wai kap Satan
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: คำสาปของหมอผี
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church
NEW. The formal act of church discipline removing an unrepentant member from the community’s protective fellowship, aimed at his eventual restoration (5:5). Must retain the corrective, restorative purpose (‘so that his spirit may be saved’), distinct from a folk curse or spirit-cursing formula (คุณไสย).
Member
Approved rendering: อวัยวะ
Transliteration: awaiyawa
Doctrine: The Body as Temple of the Holy Spirit
Original: μέλος
Category: Church
NEW. A body-part in organic union with a larger whole (μέλος); used of union with Christ versus union with a prostitute (6:15-17) and of individual believers within the one body (12:12-27). Must retain the organic-union sense, not a merely metaphorical association; reused across chs. 6 and 12 for doctrinal consistency.
Marriage
Approved rendering: การสมรส
Transliteration: kan somrot
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος / γαμέω
Category: Marriage
NEW. The marital union and its formation, addressed pastorally throughout ch.7 as good and God-given. Standard vocabulary; low independent doctrinal collision risk.
Self Control
Approved rendering: การรู้จักบังคับตน
Transliteration: kan ru chak bangkhap ton
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Ethics
NEW. Mastery over desire, presented as a pastoral criterion in marriage counsel (7:9) and as athletic-training discipline for ministry (9:25). Must not collapse into a merit-earning ascetic ideal; a practical pastoral criterion, not a virtue cultivated for spiritual advancement.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ความรู้
Transliteration: khwam ru
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Wisdom
NEW. ‘Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up’ (8:1); knowledge without love profits nothing (13:2). Must be rhetorically subordinated to love in both passages, not treated as sufficient on its own for right conduct.
Conscience
Approved rendering: มโนธรรม
Transliteration: manotham
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
NEW. Moral self-awareness, particularly the weaker believer’s conscience that must not be destroyed by the stronger believer’s exercise of liberty (8:7-12; 10:25-29). Must retain the personal, God-oriented moral-awareness sense, not a merely social sense of propriety or face.
Right Authority
Approved rendering: สิทธิ์ / อำนาจ
Transliteration: sit / amnat
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Freedom
NEW. Paul’s apostolic entitlement to material support, voluntarily forgone for the gospel’s sake (ch.9), continuing the ἐλευθερία self-limitation theme. Also relevant to Apostolic Calling and Authority. A right exercised in self-limiting love, not asserted as an entitlement.
Imperishable Crown
Approved rendering: มงกุฎที่ไม่เสื่อมสลาย
Transliteration: mongkut thi mai suam salai
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: στέφανος ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The eternal reward of disciplined ministry, contrasted with a perishable athletic garland (9:24-25). มงกุฎ (‘crown’) carries strong royal/monarchical connotation in Thai culture; must be framed strictly as a heavenly-reward metaphor with no implied commentary on earthly kingship.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: การคลุมศีรษะ
Transliteration: kan khlum sisa
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: κατακαλύπτομαι
Category: Worship
NEW. The specific first-century veiling practice regulating worship order (11:5-16). A cultural-practice term with low independent doctrinal collision risk in Thailand (no equivalent custom), but requires explanatory framing distinguishing the cultural application from the underlying principle it expresses.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: พระกายของพระคริสต์
Transliteration: phra kai khong Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. The church as one organic, interdependent body with many members, no member dispensable or superior (12:12-27). Reuses μέλος from ch.6; must retain organic interdependence, not a merely loose voluntary association.
Hope
Approved rendering: ความหวัง
Transliteration: khwam wang
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
NEW. Confident, God-grounded expectation, named alongside faith and love as one of the three enduring virtues (13:13). Must be a confident, God-grounded expectation, not a vague wish.
Order In Worship
Approved rendering: ความเป็นระเบียบ / อย่างเหมาะสม
Transliteration: khwam pen rabiap / yang mo som
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: τάξις / εὐσχημόνως
Category: Worship
NEW. The governing summary principle for evaluating all worship practices in ch.14 — ‘God is not a God of confusion but of peace… let all things be done decently and in order’ (14:33, 40). Standard vocabulary; interacts with the ch.11 headship/authority sensitivities.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: ผลแรก
Transliteration: phon raek
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The first, representative portion of a harvest, applied to Christ’s resurrection as the guarantee of believers’ own future resurrection (15:20, 23). OT harvest-offering background needed for full comprehension; low independent Thai-specific collision risk.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: อาดัมคนสุดท้าย
Transliteration: Adam khon sut thai
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ as the second and final representative head of humanity, contrasted with the first Adam through whom death entered (15:21-22, 45-49). Requires Genesis background (the first Adam) for readers with low OT narrative literacy.
Collection
Approved rendering: การถวายเงินเพื่อช่วยเหลือวิสุทธิชน
Transliteration: kan thawai ngoen phuea chuailuea wisutthichon
Doctrine: Mutual Care and the Collection for the Saints
Rejected alternatives: ทำบุญ
Original: λογία
Category: Church
NEW. The gathered offering for the Jerusalem saints, practical instructions for mutual material aid among believers (16:1-4). Must be distinguished from ทำบุญ (Buddhist merit-making donation to monks/temple, generating merit for the giver); this is mutual, horizontal material support within the covenant family.
Low Risk Terms
Mutual Edification
Approved rendering: การเสริมสร้างซึ่งกันและกัน
Transliteration: kan soemsang sueng kan lae kan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The governing criterion for evaluating gifts, knowledge, and liberty (3:9-12; 8:1; 10:23; 14:3-26); standard vocabulary, low independent doctrinal risk, though it structures the whole argument of chs. 8-14.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: คำพยากรณ์
Transliteration: kham phayakon
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: คำทำนายดวงชะตา
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Paul’s preferred gift over uninterpreted tongues (14:1-6, 22-39); distinct from astrological or fortune-telling prediction.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ผู้เผยพระวจนะ
Transliteration: phu phoei phra wotchana
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: หมอดู
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. One who exercises the gift of prophecy within the ordered worship of the church (12:28-29; 14:29-32); do not confuse with หมอดู (fortune-teller).
Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: เหล็กแหลมของความตาย / ชัยชนะ
Transliteration: lek laem khong khwam tai / chaichana
Doctrine: The Nature of the Resurrection Body
Original: τὸ κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου / νῖκος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Death’s power to wound, now nullified through Christ’s victory (15:54-57). Standard vocabulary; low independent doctrinal collision risk.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: มาราธา
Transliteration: Marana tha
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: Μαράνα θά
Category: Worship
NEW. An eschatological Aramaic exclamation of longing for Christ’s return (16:22). Retain the Aramaic transliteration with a brief explanatory gloss, following the baseline’s precedent for abba.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: การจุมพิตอันบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: kan chumphit an borisut
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW. A customary first-century greeting of familial affection among believers (16:20). Kissing is not a standard Thai greeting norm; a brief explanatory note is recommended distinguishing the text’s literal meaning from culturally appropriate greeting substitutes in practice (e.g., ไหว้), without adapting the translation itself to ไหว้, which carries unrelated hierarchical connotations.
Referenced passages