Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Revelation (English → Thai)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by category. Terms already locked in the baseline translation_memory.json (Romans/Galatians) are marked (baseline reuse — locked) and MUST use the exact recorded Thai rendering. New terms proposed for this Revelation package carry a provisional risk tier and rationale; Critical/High entries include the specific Thai cultural-collision reasoning required before Phase 2 translation begins. Primary passages are representative, not exhaustive.

A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Locked — No New Analysis Required)

English Term	Thai Rendering	Risk	Primary Revelation Passages	Note
God	พระเจ้า	Critical	throughout	Baseline-locked; never เทวดา/พระพรหม
Lord	องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า	Critical	1:8; 11:15; 19:16; 22:20-21	Baseline-locked; see royal-register caution in 07
Jesus	พระเยซู	Critical	1:1, 5, 9; 22:16, 20-21	Baseline-locked
Christ	พระคริสต์	Critical	1:1, 5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4, 6	Baseline-locked
Holy Spirit	พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์	Critical	1:4 (see “seven spirits” note below); 2:7 etc.; 22:17	Baseline-locked
Father	พระบิดา	High	1:6; 2:27; 3:5, 21; 14:1	Baseline-locked
Holy	บริสุทธิ์	High	4:8; 21:2, 10, 27; 22:11, 19	Baseline-locked
Saints	วิสุทธิชน	High	5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7, 10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9	Baseline-locked
Church(es)	คริสตจักร	Medium	1:4, 11, 20; 2:1-3:22; 22:16	Baseline-locked
Kingdom of God (root)	แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า	Medium	1:6, 9; 5:10; 11:15; 12:10	Baseline-locked root vocabulary
Salvation	ความรอด	Critical	7:10; 12:10; 19:1	Baseline-locked; never การบรรลุนิพพาน
Grace	พระคุณ	Critical	1:4; 22:21	Baseline-locked; never บุญ/กรรมดี/บารมี
Faith	ความเชื่อ	Medium	2:13, 19; 13:10; 14:12	Baseline-locked
Gospel	ข่าวประเสริฐ	High	14:6	Baseline-locked
Resurrection	การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย	Critical	20:5-6, 12-13	Baseline-locked; never การเกิดใหม่/การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Covenant	พันธสัญญา	High	11:19 (ark of the covenant)	Baseline-locked
Israel	อิสราเอล	Medium	2:14; 7:4; 21:12	Baseline-locked
David	ดาวิด	Medium	3:7; 5:5; 22:16	Baseline-locked
Glory	พระสิริ	High	1:6; 4:11; 5:12-13; 19:1; 21:11, 23-24	Baseline-locked
Called/Calling	ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก / การทรงเรียก	High	17:14 (“called, chosen, faithful”)	Baseline-locked
Election	การทรงเลือก	High	17:14	Baseline-locked
Prophet	ผู้เผยพระวจนะ	Low	1:3; 10:7; 11:10, 18; 16:6; 18:20, 24; 22:6, 9	Baseline-locked
Prophecy	คำพยากรณ์	Low	1:3; 19:10; 22:7, 10, 18-19	Baseline-locked
Redeem (ἐξαγοράζω pattern)	ทรงไถ่	Critical	conceptually informs 5:9, 14:3-4’s “purchased”	Baseline-locked; cross-referenced with ἀγοράζω, see new term below
Curse	คำสาปแช่ง	High	22:3	Baseline-locked
Amen	อาเมน	Low	1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21	Baseline-locked
Freedom (contrast concept)	เสรีภาพ	Critical	conceptually contrasted throughout (persecution/martyrdom vs. freedom in Christ)	Baseline-locked
Church as God’s people	คริสตจักรในฐานะประชากรของพระเจ้า (doctrine name)	Medium	21:3; 21:9-27	Baseline doctrine reused, extended
Apostle	อัครทูต	Medium	2:2; 18:20; 21:14	Baseline-locked

B. New Terms Introduced by Revelation — Christology & Worship

English Term	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Thai Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Rejected Alternatives / Notes
the Lamb	τὸ ἀρνίον	arnion	พระเมษโปดก	Critical	Return and Reign of Christ; Worship of the Lamb	Never generic ลูกแกะ. Established Thai Bible-specific term for the Revelation Lamb; must be used with total consistency across all 28 occurrences.
Alpha and Omega / First and Last	Ἄλφα…Ὦ / πρῶτος…ἔσχατος	Alpha, Ō, prōtos, eschatos	อัลฟาและโอเมกา / เป็นเบื้องต้นและเป็นเบื้องสุด	High	Sovereignty of God over History; Deity of Christ	Applied to both Father (1:8; 21:6) and Son (22:13) — a co-equal deity claim; must not be diluted against Buddhist cyclical cosmology.
Almighty	παντοκράτωρ	pantokratōr	ผู้ทรงฤทธานุภาพสูงสุด	High	Sovereignty of God over History	Builds on baseline’s ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า (power_of_god) root; never reduced to a limited deva-king’s power.
Son of Man (vision title)	υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου	huios anthrōpou	บุตรมนุษย์	Medium	Return and Reign of Christ	Distinct from, not to be confused with, พระบุตรของพระเจ้า (baseline “son_of_god”).
Worthy	ἄξιος	axios	ทรงสมควร	High	Worship of the Lamb; Salvation	Christ’s own achieved worthiness through his death (5:9), not a status believers earn; disambiguate from merit vocabulary.
worship (verb, used for both true and false objects)	προσκυνέω	proskyneō	นมัสการ	Critical	Worship of the Lamb	Use the SAME Thai verb for worship of God/Lamb AND worship of the beast/dragon, preserving Revelation’s own rhetorical strategy of exposing the beast’s worship as a counterfeit of true worship. Do not split vocabulary (e.g. บูชา for false, นมัสการ for true) within this book.
new song	ᾆσμα καινόν	asma kainon	เพลงใหม่	Low	Worship of the Lamb	Minimal risk.
a kingdom and priests	βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς	basileia, hiereis	แผ่นดินและปุโรหิต	Medium	Church as Bride of Christ / Worship	Reuses แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า root; ปุโรหิต is shared vocabulary with Hindu-Brahmanic ritual context — brief note on every-believer priesthood recommended.
the Bride, the wife of the Lamb	ἡ νύμφη, ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου	nymphē, gynē tou arniou	เจ้าสาว ภรรยาของพระเมษโปดก	High	Church as Bride of Christ	Must be taught corporately (the whole redeemed people), never as private individual romance; consistent across 19:7; 21:2, 9.
the marriage supper of the Lamb	ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου	gamos tou arniou	พิธีสมรสของพระเมษโปดก	High	Church as Bride of Christ	Genuine cultural bridge via Thai wedding-feast custom; corporate referent must stay explicit.
the Word of God (rider)	ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ	ho logos tou theou	พระวาทะของพระเจ้า	Critical	Deity of Christ; Return and Reign of Christ	Direct Johannine deity claim (John 1:1 parallel).
King of kings and Lord of lords	Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων	Basileus basileōn kai Kyrios kyriōn	กษัตริย์เหนือกษัตริย์ทั้งปวงและองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าเหนือเจ้านายทั้งปวง	Critical	Return and Reign of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History	Maximum intersection with Thai monarchy honorific/lèse-majesté register; must read as cosmic-theological claim only, never political commentary. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
the throne of God and of the Lamb (shared throne)	ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου	thronos tou theou kai tou arniou	พระที่นั่งของพระเจ้าและของพระเมษโปดก	Critical	Deity of Christ	Implicit co-equality proof-text via shared throne imagery.
servants will worship/serve him (λατρεύω)	λατρεύσουσιν	latreusousin	จะปรนนิบัตินมัสการ	Medium	Worship of the Lamb	Positive δοῦλος usage; disambiguate from the negative “slavery” (ความเป็นทาส) contrast-term already established in the Galatians package.

C. New Terms — Judgment, Evil, and the Adversary

English Term	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Thai Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Rejected Alternatives / Notes
the dragon	ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας	drakōn	มังกร	Critical	Sovereignty of God over History; Assurance of Final Victory	NEVER พญานาค (the revered protective Naga of Thai-Buddhist/folk tradition) — collision would associate Satan with a widely venerated guardian figure.
the accuser / devil / Satan	ὁ κατήγορος / ὁ διάβολος / ὁ Σατανᾶς	katēgoros, diabolos, Satanas	ซาตาน (primary); ผู้กล่าวหา (accuser)	Critical	Judgment of the Wicked; Perseverance under Persecution	AVOID unqualified มาร/พญามาร — direct collision with the Buddhist tempter-figure Māra, who is a defeated-but-persisting deva outwitted by wisdom, not a judicially condemned fallen angel destined for eternal punishment. Use transliteration ซาตาน as the safe default.
beast (from sea/earth)	θηρίον	thērion	สัตว์ร้าย	High	Perseverance under Persecution	Established Thai Bible term; teach historically-contextualized to avoid contemporary political over-identification.
false prophet	ψευδοπροφήτης	pseudoprophētēs	ผู้เผยพระวจนะเท็จ	High	Judgment of the Wicked	Built on baseline-locked ผู้เผยพระวจนะ root.
the mark of the beast	τὸ χάραγμα	charagma	เครื่องหมายของสัตว์ร้าย	Critical	Perseverance under Persecution; Judgment of the Wicked	Acute collision with Thai protective sacred tattoo/amulet culture (สักยันต์, ตะกรุด); must be taught in explicit contrast with God’s seal (7:3-4; 14:1) — coerced/satanic vs. freely given/divine.
sealed (God’s servants)	σφραγίζω / ἐσφραγισμένοι	sphragizō	ทรงประทับตรา	High	Assurance of Salvation	Same collision family as “mark of the beast” above; a mark GIVEN by grace, not acquired/maintained by the believer.
666 / number of the beast	ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ	ho arithmos autou	เลข 666 / เลขของสัตว์ร้าย	Low-Medium	Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation	Symbolizes radical incompleteness (falling short of complete/perfect 7); avoid conflating with unrelated Thai numerology superstition.
the abyss / bottomless pit	ἡ ἄβυσσος	abyssos	เหวลึกไม่มีที่สิ้นสุด	Critical	Sovereignty of God over History	NEVER บาดาล (the Thai folk-cosmological Naga netherworld). Keep terminologically distinct from Hades (1:18) and the lake of fire (final judgment).
Apollyon / Abaddon	Ἀβαδδὼν / Ἀπολλύων	Abaddōn, Apollyōn	อาบัดโดน / อปอลลิยอน	Low	Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation	Transliterated proper name; gloss as “the Destroyer.”
keys of Death and Hades	κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου	kleis tou thanatou kai tou hadou	กุญแจแห่งความตายและแดนคนตาย	High	Return and Reign of Christ	Hades = provisional intermediate state, terminologically distinct from the final lake of fire.
lake of fire / second death	ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός / ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος	limnē tou pyros, thanatos deuteros	บึงไฟ / ความตายครั้งที่สอง	Critical	Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints	NEVER equated unqualified with นรก (Buddhist temporary, exitable multi-level hell within samsara). This is final, personal, and eternal following the one resurrection and one judgment, not a station within an ongoing cycle. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence (2:11; 19:20; 20:6, 10, 14-15; 21:8).
great white throne	θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας	thronos leukos megas	พระที่นั่งใหญ่สีขาว	High	Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints	Cross-reference throne-register caution throughout.
the first resurrection	ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη	anastasis prōtē	การเป็นขึ้นจากตายครั้งแรก	Critical	Judgment of the Wicked; Return and Reign of Christ	Built on baseline-locked resurrection root; must not be read as implying a repeating cycle — describes distinct events within a linear, terminating plan.
the thousand years (millennium)	χίλια ἔτη	chilia etē	พันปี	Medium-High	Return and Reign of Christ	Risk is hermeneutical (contested interpretive schemes), not lexical; teach with interpretive humility.
the great prostitute / Babylon the Great	ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη	pornē, Babylōn hē megalē	หญิงแพศยาตัวใหญ่ / มหานครบาบิโลน	High	Church as Bride of Christ (negative counterpart)	Requires OT covenant-unfaithfulness-metaphor background teaching; pair explicitly with Bride imagery.
Armageddon	Ἁρμαγεδών	Harmagedōn	อารมาเกดโดน	Medium	Assurance of Final Victory over Evil	Distinguish the book’s God-victorious framing from secular pop-culture fatalistic “Armageddon” connotation.

D. New Terms — Witness, Perseverance, and the Redeemed Community

English Term	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Thai Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Rejected Alternatives / Notes
testimony / witness (incl. martyr sense)	μαρτυρία / μάρτυς	martyria, martys	พยาน / คำพยาน	High	Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution	Thai (like Greek) lacks a distinct single word separating “testify” from “die for testifying” — the martyrdom sense must be carried by added phrasing (เป็นพยานจนถึงความตาย) at relevant occurrences, a documented Linguistic Gap.
the one who overcomes/conquers	ὁ νικῶν	ho nikōn	ผู้มีชัย	High	Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution	Victory secured through Christ’s prior victory, received by persevering testimony (12:11) — not self-achieved spiritual conquest; consistency required across 2:7-3:21; 12:11; 21:7.
overcame by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony	ἐνίκησαν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας	enikēsan…haima tou arniou…logon tēs martyrias	ทรงมีชัยโดยพระโลหิตของพระเมษโปดกและโดยคำพยานของพวกเขา	Critical	Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution	The book’s clearest single statement of HOW believers overcome; unites three locked/high-risk terms in one verse (12:11).
tribulation	θλῖψις	thlipsis	ความยากลำบาก	Medium	Perseverance under Persecution	Must not be framed as karmic consequence.
redeemed / purchased (by blood)	ἀγοράζω (ἠγόρασας)	ēgorasas	ทรงซื้อไว้ด้วยพระโลหิตของพระองค์	High	Salvation; Unity of the Redeemed	Distinct Greek verb from baseline-locked ἐξαγοράζω (ทรงไถ่) but same redemptive reality; teach in continuity, never ปลดเปลื้องกรรม.
a new song	ᾆσμα καινόν	asma kainon	เพลงใหม่	Low	Worship of the Lamb	See section B.
great multitude / palm branches / white robes	ὄχλος πολύς / φοίνικες / στολαὶ λευκαί	ochlos polys, phoinikes, stolai leukai	ฝูงชนกลุ่มใหญ่ / ใบปาล์ม / เสื้อสีขาว	Medium	Assurance of Final Victory; Judgment/Vindication	Consistent across 7:9-14; 19:8, 14.
wipe away every tear / shepherd	ἐξαλείφω…δάκρυον / ποιμαίνω	exaleiphō, dakryon, poimainō	เช็ดน้ำตาทุกๆหยดของเขา / ทรงเลี้ยงดูอย่างผู้เลี้ยงแกะ	Medium-High	New Heaven and New Earth	MUST render identically at 7:17 and 21:4 (cross-document consistency mandate).
the 144,000 / sealed	ἐσφραγισμένοι	esphragismenoi	ทรงประทับตรา (ผู้รับใช้ 144,000 คน)	High	Assurance of Salvation	See section C “sealed” entry; cross-reference “mark of the beast."
"Come out of her, my people”	Ἐξέλθατε ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὁ λαός μου	Exelthate ex autēs, ho laos mou	ออกมาจากนางเถิด ประชากรของเรา	Medium	Perseverance and Faithful Witness	Call to costly separation from complicity in idolatrous world-systems.

E. New Terms — Cosmology, New Creation, and Closing Vision

English Term	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Thai Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Rejected Alternatives / Notes
new (heaven and earth)	καινός	kainos	ใหม่ (ฟ้าสวรรค์ใหม่และแผ่นดินใหม่)	Critical	The New Heaven and New Earth	Must be taught as God’s own final, linear, once-for-all re-creation, never one turn of a cyclical cosmology (parallel to baseline’s resurrection/reincarnation caution).
the sea was no more	ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι	hē thalassa ouk estin eti	ทะเลไม่มีอีกต่อไป	Medium	The New Heaven and New Earth	Symbolic (sea = chaos/beast-origin, cf. 13:1), not primarily literal-hydrological.
holy city, new Jerusalem	ἡ ἁγία πόλις, Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή	hagia polis, Ierousalēm kainē	นครเยรูซาเล็มใหม่อันบริสุทธิ์	High	The New Heaven and New Earth; Church as Bride of Christ	Descending FROM God — gift, not human achievement/ascent.
coming down out of heaven from God	καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ	katabainousan	ทรงเสด็จลงมาจากฟ้าสวรรค์จากพระเจ้า	High	The New Heaven and New Earth	Divine initiative/gift parallel to grace’s unearned character.
prepared as a bride, adorned	ἡτοιμασμένην…κεκοσμημένην	hētoimasmenēn, kekosmēmenēn	ประดับกายพร้อมไว้แล้วอย่างเจ้าสาว	High	Church as Bride of Christ	Passive voice preserved — she is prepared/adorned by another (God), echoing grace.
the dwelling of God with man / he will dwell with them	ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ θεοῦ…σκηνώσει	skēnē, skēnōsei	พลับพลาของพระเจ้าอยู่กับมนุษย์…จะทรงสถิตอยู่กับเขา	High	The New Heaven and New Earth	Permanent covenantal co-residence, not episodic spirit-manifestation (cf. ร่างทรง caution).
they will be his people, God himself will be with them	λαοὶ αὐτοῦ…ὁ θεὸς μετ᾽ αὐτῶν	laoi, theos	ประชากรของพระองค์…พระเจ้าจะทรงอยู่กับเขา	High	The New Heaven and New Earth	Direct OT covenant-formula fulfillment (Lev 26:12 etc.).
no more death, mourning, crying, pain — the first things passed away	θάνατος…πένθος…κραυγή…πόνος…τὰ πρῶτα ἀπῆλθαν	thanatos, penthos, kraugē, ponos, ta prōta	ความตาย…การร้องไห้คร่ำครวญ…ความเจ็บปวด…สิ่งเดิมๆได้ล่วงไปแล้ว	Critical	The New Heaven and New Earth	Final, permanent abolition of death by divine fiat — parallel structural caution to the resurrection/reincarnation rule.
Behold, I am making all things new	ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα	idou kaina poiō panta	ดูเถิด เราสร้างสิ่งสารพัดขึ้นใหม่	Critical	The New Heaven and New Earth	The book’s thesis-capstone verse; treat with the same cross-document verbatim-consistency mandate as baseline Rom 1:16-17/8:28/10:9-10. Never explained through การเกิดใหม่ vocabulary.
these words are trustworthy and true	οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί	pistoi, alēthinoi	น่าเชื่อถือและเป็นจริง	Medium	Inspiration/Assurance	Objective claim about the words’ own reliability, not subjective human confidence.
It is done!	Γέγονεν	Gegonen	สำเร็จแล้ว	Medium	Sovereignty of God over History	Distinguish from neutral เสร็จแล้ว (“merely finished”).
to the thirsty, water of life without cost	τῷ διψῶντι…ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς δωρεάν	dipsōnti, hydatos tēs zōēs, dōrean	แก่คนที่กระหาย…น้ำแห่งชีวิตโดยไม่คิดมูลค่า	Critical	Grace; Assurance of Final Victory	δωρεάν parallels baseline’s grace-vocabulary (Rom 3:24); never a merit-transaction or ritual water-dedication (กรวดน้ำ) framing.
the one who overcomes will inherit these things	ὁ νικῶν κληρονομήσει ταῦτα	ho nikōn klēronomēsei tauta	ผู้มีชัยจะได้รับสิ่งเหล่านี้เป็นมรดก	Medium	Perseverance; Adoption and Sonship	Reuses Galatians-package heir/inheritance (ทายาท) conceptual field.
I will be his God and he will be my son	ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεὸς…υἱός	theos, huios	เราจะเป็นพระเจ้าของเขา และเขาจะเป็นบุตรของเรา	Medium	Adoption into God’s Family (eschatological fulfillment)	Distinct from Christ’s own unique eternal Sonship (พระบุตรของพระเจ้า); this is believers’ adoptive sonship.
the cowardly, unbelieving…idolaters…liars (vice list)	δειλοί, ἄπιστοι, εἰδωλολάτραι, ψεῦσται κτλ.	deiloi, apistoi, eidōlolatrai, pseustai	ขี้ขลาด, ไม่มีความเชื่อ, ผู้บูชารูปเคารพ, คนพูดเท็จ	High	Judgment of the Wicked	φαρμακός (sorcerer) reuses Galatians-package ไสยศาสตร์/เวทมนตร์คาถา convention; εἰδωλολάτρης requires pastoral sensitivity given Buddha-image veneration’s ubiquity in Thai daily life.
the mystery of God	τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ	mystērion	ข้อลึกลับของพระเจ้าที่ทรงเปิดเผยแล้ว	Medium	Sovereignty of God over History	Emphasize REVEALED/disclosed, not an ongoing esoteric secret (avoid ลึกลับ’s folk-occult undertone alone).
the eternal gospel	εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον	euangelion aiōnion	ข่าวประเสริฐอันเป็นนิจนิรันดร์	High	The True Gospel (continuity)	Continuous with, not different from, the one gospel of Romans/Galatians.
the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord	ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν	egeneto hē basileia…	แผ่นดินของโลกนี้ได้กลายเป็นแผ่นดินขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าของเรา	Critical	Return and Reign of Christ	Cosmic/ultimate claim, never framed as commentary on present-day national politics.
twelve gates/tribes/foundations/apostles	πύλαι, φυλαί, θεμέλιοι, ἀπόστολοι	pylai, phylai, themelioi, apostoloi	ประตูสิบสอง, ตระกูลสิบสอง, ฐานรากสิบสอง, อัครทูตสิบสองคน	Medium	Unity of Jews and Gentiles (consummated)	ἀπόστολος reuses baseline-locked อัครทูต; requires OT tribal background.
no temple — God and the Lamb are its temple	ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον…ναὸς αὐτῆς	naos	ไม่มีพระวิหาร…ทรงเป็นพระวิหารเอง	High	The New Heaven and New Earth	Describes the FINAL consummated state only; not a present-tense argument against church buildings/sacred space now.
kings of the earth bring their glory / nothing unclean enters	βασιλεῖς…δόξαν / κοινόν	basileis, doxa, koinon	กษัตริย์แห่งแผ่นดินโลกจะนำพระสิริของเขามา / สิ่งไม่บริสุทธิ์จะไม่เข้าไป	Medium	New Heaven and New Earth; Universal Scope of the Gospel	δόξα here = redeemed nations’ honor offered, distinct sense from God’s own glory.
river of the water of life / tree of life	ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς / ξύλον ζωῆς	potamos hydatos zōēs, xylon zōēs	แม่น้ำแห่งน้ำแห่งชีวิต / ต้นไม้แห่งชีวิต	Medium	The New Heaven and New Earth	Bookends Genesis 2-3; requires that background for full canonical weight.
no more curse	κατάρα / κατάθεμα	katara	จะไม่มีคำสาปแช่งอีกต่อไป	Medium	The New Heaven and New Earth	Reuses baseline/Galatians-locked คำสาปแช่ง.
let the one who is thirsty come / warning against adding or removing words	ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω / ἐπιθῇ…ἀφέλῃ	ho dipsōn erchesthō	ผู้ที่กระหายก็ให้เขามาเถิด / ถ้าผู้ใดเพิ่มหรือตัดออกไป	Medium	Inspiration of Scripture (extension)	Extends baseline inspiration_of_scripture doctrine to Revelation’s own closing self-witness.

F. Terms Requiring Explicit Disambiguation (Same English Gloss, Different Theological Category)

Shared English Gloss	Term A	Term B	Disambiguation Required
”works”	ἔργα (Rev 2-3, 20 — believers’ evaluated fruit/deeds)	ἔργα νόμου (Galatians package — “works of the law,” a false basis for justification)	Do NOT reuse การประพฤติตามธรรมบัญญัติ for the Rev 2-3/20 sense; these are two distinct theological categories despite the shared English word.
”redeem/purchase”	ἀγοράζω (Rev 5:9; 14:3-4 — “bought/purchased”)	ἐξαγοράζω (Galatians baseline — ทรงไถ่, “redeemed out from under the curse”)	Teach as the same redemptive reality from two angles; keep vocabulary recognizably related in translator notes.
”seal / mark”	σφραγίς — God’s seal on his servants (7:3-4; 14:1), protective and given by grace	χάραγμα — the beast’s mark (13:16-17), coercive and satanic	Must be taught as a deliberate matched contrast; both risk collision with Thai protective-tattoo/amulet culture and require joint treatment.
”hell” / afterlife-confinement terms	ᾅδης (Hades, provisional intermediate state)	ἄβυσσος (abyss, temporary demonic confinement)	λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (lake of fire, final and eternal)
”worship”	προσκυnέω, applied to God/Lamb (true) and beast/dragon/image (false)	—	Use the SAME Thai verb (นมัสการ) for both within Revelation, per the text’s own rhetorical strategy; the theological distinction is made by context/prohibition, not by vocabulary-splitting.
”devil/spirit-being” vocabulary	ἄγγελος (angel, a created worshiping servant who himself refuses worship — 19:10; 22:8-9)	δράκων / διάβολος / Σατανᾶς (the cosmic enemy)	Neither angels nor Satan should be rendered with เทวดา/มาร-without-qualification, given Thai deva-multiplicity and Māra-specific collision risks respectively; angels explicitly refusing worship (19:10; 22:9) is a valuable teaching contrast against Thai deva/spirit veneration practice.

G. Chapters Confirmed as Introducing No New Load-Bearing Theological Vocabulary

Per the PRD Phase 1 mandate, the following is an explicit accounting where a chapter’s content is fully covered by terms already catalogued above:

Chapter 16: No new theological vocabulary beyond continuing chs. 6/15’s “bowls/plagues” and “wrath” vocabulary and the single new proper name Armageddon (catalogued in section C above). Reuses seals/trumpets/bowls judgment-structure terms from chs. 6, 8-9, 15.
Chapter 18: No new theological vocabulary beyond continuing ch. 14/17’s “Babylon” symbolism; one new call-to-action phrase (“Come out of her, my people,” catalogued in section D above) is the chapter’s only load-bearing addition.

All other chapters (1–15, 17, 19–22) introduce at least one new load-bearing term, fully catalogued in sections B–E above and treated in full in 07_semantic_analysis.md.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. In Revelation this term recurs at maximum density in throne-room and judgment scenes (chs. 4-5, 20-22); its exclusivity must be reinforced every time it appears alongside titles shared with the Lamb (e.g., 22:1, 3).

Lord

Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เจ้านาย, ท่านผู้นำ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Recurs inside Revelation’s dense royal-throne vocabulary (11:15; 17:14; 19:16; 22:20-21); must never blur into Thai’s honorific register for its own monarchy.

Jesus

Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Standard form throughout (1:1, 5, 9; 22:16, 20-21).

Christ

Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans/Galatians package, unmodified. Occurs at doctrinally dense points (11:15; 12:10; 20:4, 6).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. CRITICAL clarification for Revelation: ‘the seven spirits of God’ (1:4; 4:5; 5:6) must be taught as the ONE Holy Spirit’s sevenfold completeness, never as seven separate deva-like spirit-beings.

Salvation

Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Appears in exultant heavenly worship contexts (7:10; 12:10; 19:1); must retain its personal-rescue-by-God sense against any ‘self-attained liberation’ reading.

Grace

Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Opens (1:4) and closes (22:21) the entire book; this structural bracket makes grace, not judgment, the whole canon’s final word.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย
Transliteration: kan pen khuen chak tai
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Applied implicitly to the two witnesses (11:11-12) and explicitly as ‘the first resurrection’ (20:5-6); never การเกิดใหม่ under any circumstance.

Redeem

Approved rendering: ทรงไถ่
Transliteration: song thai
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ปลดเปลื้องกรรม
Original: ἐξαγοράζω (conceptual root)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Galatians package, unmodified. Conceptual root (ἐξαγοράζω) informing Revelation’s ‘purchased’ language (5:9; 14:3-4); see redeemed_purchased entry for the distinct ἀγοράζω verb Revelation actually uses and its required continuity with this locked term.

Freedom

Approved rendering: เสรีภาพ
Transliteration: seriphap
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: หลุดพ้น, วิมุตติ
Original: ἐλευθερία (conceptual contrast)
Category: Freedom

Inherited from Galatians package, unmodified. Implicit contrast-concept against the beast’s coerced allegiance and mark (13:16-17) throughout the persecution narrative; useful when teaching the mark-of-the-beast/seal-of-God contrast.

Works Of The Law

Approved rendering: การประพฤติตามธรรมบัญญัติ
Transliteration: kan praphruet tam thammabanyat
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: กรรมดีตามธรรมบัญญัติ, บุญจากการถือธรรมบัญญัติ

Inherited from Galatians package, unmodified. Retained here ONLY for disambiguation purposes: Revelation 2-3, 20’s ordinary evaluative ‘works’ (ἔργα, see works_evaluated entry) is a DIFFERENT theological category and must NEVER be rendered with this construction despite the shared English gloss ‘works.‘

New Creation

Approved rendering: การทรงสร้างใหม่
Transliteration: kan song sang mai
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่

Inherited from Galatians package, unmodified. Retained for direct cross-reference: Revelation 21:1’s ‘new heaven and new earth’ and 21:5’s ‘I am making all things new’ extend this exact forbidden-substitution discipline (never การเกิดใหม่) to the cosmic and final scale.

Messiah

Approved rendering: พระเมสสิยาห์
Transliteration: Phra Messiya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: พระศรีอริยเมตไตรย

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Underlies Revelation’s Christ-titles (King of kings, Lamb, Word of God) as the exclusively fulfilled OT promise; never พระศรีอริยเมตไตรย, the future-Buddha figure of popular Thai millenarian expectation, which the Return and Reign of Christ doctrine must be carefully distinguished from.

Lamb

Approved rendering: พระเมษโปดก
Transliteration: Phra Mesa-podok
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: ลูกแกะ
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology

NEW. Revelation’s central Christological title (28 occurrences), uniting the slain sacrificial Lamb with the conquering, enthroned King. Never the generic ลูกแกะ (baby sheep), which would read as decorative pastoral imagery and destroy the sacrificial-and-enthroned paradox. This is an existing dedicated Thai Bible-tradition coinage; enforce with total consistency across all 28 occurrences (chs. 5-7, 12-15, 17, 19, 21-22).

Worship

Approved rendering: นมัสการ
Transliteration: namatsakan
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: บูชา (as a split-vocabulary alternative for the beast’s worship)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship

NEW. Use the SAME Thai verb for both true worship of God/the Lamb (4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 19:4, 10; 22:9) and false worship of the beast/dragon/image (13:4, 8, 12, 15), preserving Revelation’s own rhetorical strategy of exposing the beast’s worship as a deliberate counterfeit. Do NOT split vocabulary even though ordinary Thai Christian usage often reserves บูชา for idol/spirit veneration — the theological distinction here must be carried by context and explicit prohibition, not by vocabulary choice.

Word Of God Title

Approved rendering: พระวาทะของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Watha khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

NEW. Direct Christological title for the returning, triumphant rider (19:13), recalling John 1:1. A direct deity-of-Christ claim; must not be confused with ‘prophecy’ (คำพยากรณ์) or ‘testimony’ (พยาน) vocabulary.

King Of Kings

Approved rendering: กษัตริย์เหนือกษัตริย์ทั้งปวงและองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าเหนือเจ้านายทั้งปวง
Transliteration: kasat nuea kasat thang puang lae ong phra phu pen chao nuea chao nai thang puang
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology

NEW. The superlative, absolute title of Christ’s supreme sovereignty over every earthly king and lord (19:16). Sits at the maximum intersection of doctrinal weight and Thai cultural sensitivity: Thailand’s monarchy carries an elaborate royal-superlative honorific tradition protected by lèse-majesté law. Must be rendered and taught as a claim about ultimate cosmic/spiritual reality, never as commentary on or challenge to Thailand’s own constitutional monarchy. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence; no shortened forms permitted.

Shared Throne

Approved rendering: พระที่นั่งของพระเจ้าและของพระเมษโปดก
Transliteration: phra thi nang khong Phra Chao lae khong Phra Mesa-podok
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Christology

NEW. A single throne shared explicitly by both God the Father and the Lamb (22:1, 3) — one of the book’s clearest implicit statements of Christ’s full deity and co-equality, expressed spatially rather than titularly, easily under-noticed by translators focused only on title vocabulary.

Dragon

Approved rendering: มังกร
Transliteration: mangkon
Doctrine: The Unmasking of the Adversary
Rejected alternatives: พญานาค
Original: ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας
Category: Judgment

NEW. Satan’s primary symbolic form throughout Revelation (12:3-17; 13:2, 4, 11; 16:13; 20:2). Render as มังกร (the Chinese-mythological dragon known in Thai popular culture), NEVER พญานาค (the Naga, revered in Thai-Buddhist and folk cosmology as a benevolent guardian associated with rivers, temples, and royal/sacred protection). Using พญานาค would associate Satan with a widely venerated protective folk-deity — a near-inverted doctrinal collision.

Satan

Approved rendering: ซาตาน
Transliteration: Satan
Doctrine: The Unmasking of the Adversary
Rejected alternatives: มาร, พญามาร
Original: ὁ κατήγορος / ὁ διάβολος / ὁ Σατανᾶς
Category: Judgment

NEW. The personal, cosmic accuser and adversary, decisively defeated by the Lamb’s blood (12:9-11) and finally condemned to the lake of fire (20:10). Use the transliteration ซาตาน as the primary and safest rendering. AVOID unqualified มาร/พญามาร, which directly names Māra, the Thai-Buddhist tempter-figure outwitted by wisdom (a deva, not a judicially condemned fallen angel facing eternal personal destruction). Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence (2:9-10; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2, 7, 10).

Mark Of The Beast

Approved rendering: เครื่องหมายของสัตว์ร้าย
Transliteration: khrueang mai khong sat rai
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation, Sealing, and the Book of Life
Original: τὸ χάραγμα
Category: Judgment

NEW. A forced stamp signifying coerced allegiance to the beast’s system (13:16-17), the direct counterfeit of God’s seal (7:3; 14:1). Acute collision with Thailand’s living culture of protective sacred tattoos (สักยันต์) and amulets (เครื่องราง, ตะกรุด). Must be taught as the matched contrast to God’s seal — one coerced/satanic, one freely given/divine. Mandatory human theologian review.

Abyss

Approved rendering: เหวลึกไม่มีที่สิ้นสุด
Transliteration: heo luek mai mi thi sin sut
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: บาดาล
Original: ἡ ἄβυσσος
Category: Eschatology

NEW. A bound, sealed, temporary prison for demonic beings and eventually Satan (9:1-2, 11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1, 3), distinct from Hades and the lake of fire. NEVER บาดาล, the Thai folk-cosmological Naga-populated netherworld. A dedicated translator note is recommended at first occurrence (9:1).

Lake Of Fire

Approved rendering: บึงไฟ / ความตายครั้งที่สอง
Transliteration: bueng fai, khwam tai khrang thi song
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: นรก (unqualified)
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός / ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment

NEW. The final, permanent, conscious judgment of the unrepentant wicked, called ‘the second death’ (2:11; 19:20; 20:6, 10, 14-15; 21:8). Thai Buddhist multi-level, exitable hell realms (นรก) are TEMPORARY within an ongoing rebirth cycle; this is FINAL, following one bodily resurrection and one great judgment, a personal God’s judicial sentence, never an impersonal karmic ledger. NEVER gloss unqualified as นรก. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.

First Resurrection

Approved rendering: การเป็นขึ้นจากตายครั้งแรก
Transliteration: kan pen khuen chak tai khrang raek
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology

NEW. A distinct initial resurrection-event named prior to the later, general resurrection of ‘the rest of the dead’ (20:5-6, 12-13). Built on the baseline-locked resurrection root; the ‘first…second’ pairing unhelpfully sounds MORE cyclical to a Thai reader than the baseline term alone — absolute discipline required: two distinct historical events within a linear, terminating plan, never a repeating cycle. Mandatory human theologian review.

Overcame By Blood Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: ทรงมีชัยโดยพระโลหิตของพระเมษโปดกและโดยคำพยานของพวกเขา
Transliteration: song mi chai doi phra lohit khong Phra Mesa-podok lae doi kham phayan khong phuak khao
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἐνίκησαν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Perseverance

NEW. The book’s clearest single statement of HOW believers overcome (12:11) — by Christ’s atoning blood, received and confessed through persevering testimony, even unto death. Unites three locked/high-risk terms (overcomer root, Lamb, testimony) in one verse; all three must appear exactly as elsewhere locked. Flag for mandatory human theologian review.

New Heaven And New Earth

Approved rendering: ฟ้าสวรรค์ใหม่และแผ่นดินใหม่
Transliteration: fa sawan mai lae phaendin mai
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่ (as an explanatory frame)
Original: οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology

NEW. God’s climactic, qualitatively new re-creative act, the terminus of history (21:1). Must be taught as God’s own final, once-for-all, linear re-creation, never one turn of Thai Buddhist cosmology’s cyclical arising and destruction of world-systems (kappa). Mirrors the baseline’s resurrection-vs-reincarnation caution at cosmic scale.

No More Death Mourning Crying Pain

Approved rendering: ความตายจะไม่มีต่อไป การร้องไห้คร่ำครวญ ความเจ็บปวด จะไม่มีอีกต่อไป เพราะสิ่งเดิมๆได้ล่วงไปแล้ว
Transliteration: khwam tai ja mai mi to pai, kan rong hai khram khruan, khwam chep puat, ja mai mi ik to pai, phro sing doem-doem dai luang pai laeo
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ οὔτε πόνος
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The definitive, final undoing of every fruit of the Fall (21:4), not a temporary respite but permanent abolition. Must read as the final, permanent abolition of death itself by a personal God’s decisive act, structurally opposed to death as one recurring station in an ongoing cycle. Pairs directly with the baseline’s resurrection-vs-reincarnation caution.

Behold I Am Making All Things New

Approved rendering: ดูเถิด เราสร้างสิ่งสารพัดขึ้นใหม่
Transliteration: du thoet, rao sang sing san phat khuen mai
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่ (as an explanatory frame)
Original: ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: Eschatology

NEW. God’s own first-person declaration of comprehensive, present-tense-certain renewal (21:5), the theological capstone of the whole book. Treat with the same cross-document verbatim-consistency mandate as Romans 1:16-17/8:28/10:9-10. Never explained through การเกิดใหม่ (rebirth) vocabulary; explicit divine agency (เรา, God speaking) must be retained.

Water Of Life Without Cost

Approved rendering: แก่คนที่กระหาย เราจะให้น้ำแห่งชีวิตแก่เขาโดยไม่คิดมูลค่า
Transliteration: kae khon thi krahai, rao ja hai nam haeng chiwit kae khao doi mai khit mun kha
Doctrine: Grace as the Gospel’s Closing Word
Rejected alternatives: บุญ (merit-transaction framing), กรวดน้ำ (ritual water-dedication framing)
Original: ἐγὼ τῷ διψῶντι δώσω ἐκ τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς δωρεάν
Category: Salvation

NEW. Eternal life offered purely as an unearned, freely given gift (21:6; 22:1, 17). δωρεάν must preserve the same ‘apart from merit, without payment’ force locked for grace (พระคุณ). The thirsty-person-receiving-water image evokes the Buddhist merit-dedication water-pouring ritual (กรวดน้ำ) only superficially; this is a gift received by simple reception/faith.

Kingdom Of The World Become Kingdom Of Our Lord

Approved rendering: แผ่นดินของโลกนี้ได้กลายเป็นแผ่นดินขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าของเรา
Transliteration: phaendin khong lok ni dai klai pen phaendin khong ong phra phu pen chao khong rao
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (extended)
Original: ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Kingdom

NEW. The decisive transfer of earthly political dominion to Christ’s own reign (11:15). Both κύριος and kingdom vocabulary must reuse baseline-locked terms exactly. Given Thailand’s monarchy-and-nation civic vocabulary, requires the same register discipline as ‘Lord’ — never commentary on any present-day nation’s political arrangements. Flag for human theologian review.

High Risk Terms

Father

Approved rendering: พระบิดา
Transliteration: Phra Bida
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: พ่อขุน
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. No new Revelation-specific collision beyond the baseline’s existing caution against พ่อขุน; used at 1:6; 2:27; 3:5, 21; 14:1.

Holy

Approved rendering: บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ศักดิ์สิทธิ์
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. The threefold repetition at 4:8 (‘Holy, holy, holy’) must be preserved verbatim, not compressed into a single intensified adjective.

Saints

Approved rendering: วิสุทธิชน
Transliteration: wisutthichon
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: พระอรหันต์
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Includes the persecuted and martyred in Revelation (5:8; 13:7, 10; 17:6; 20:9), extending the baseline’s non-elite, corporate emphasis.

Gospel

Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khao prasoet
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ข่าวดี
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Appears once, as ‘the eternal gospel’ (14:6); see eternal_gospel entry for the compound phrase’s continuity requirement.

Covenant

Approved rendering: พันธสัญญา
Transliteration: phanthasanya
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ข้อตกลง
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Referenced concretely as ‘the ark of the covenant’ seen in heaven (11:19), tying the vision to the whole OT covenant narrative.

Glory

Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: บารมี
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. At 21:24 applied in an extended sense to redeemed human kings’ honor brought as offering, a related but distinct sense from God’s own inherent glory (1:6; 4:11; 5:12-13; 19:1); a brief clarifying note is recommended at 21:24.

Called

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก
Transliteration: phu thi song riak
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ผู้ที่ได้รับเชิญ
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Appears in the ‘called, chosen, and faithful’ triad at 17:14.

Calling

Approved rendering: การทรงเรียก
Transliteration: kan song riak
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Low frequency in Revelation, retained for consistency with the ‘called’ entry at 17:14.

Election

Approved rendering: การทรงเลือก
Transliteration: kan song lueak
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Underlies ‘chosen’ in the 17:14 triad; never เวรกรรม/โชคชะตา.

Curse

Approved rendering: คำสาปแช่ง
Transliteration: kham sap chaeng
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: เคราะห์กรรม
Original: κατάρα
Category: Law

Inherited from Galatians package, unmodified. Revelation 22:3 (‘no more curse’) is the canon’s final resolution of the curse first named in Genesis 3 and cited in Galatians 3:13; never เคราะห์กรรม.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: rit det khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: อำนาจศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของวัตถุมงคล

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Root vocabulary (ฤทธิ-/ฤทธา-) shared with the new ‘almighty’ (ผู้ทรงฤทธานุภาพสูงสุด) entry for terminological consistency.

Alpha And Omega

Approved rendering: อัลฟาและโอเมกา / เป็นเบื้องต้นและเป็นเบื้องสุด
Transliteration: Alpha lae Omega / pen bueang ton lae pen bueang sut
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ / ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος
Category: God

NEW. Self-title of absolute, exclusive sovereignty over history’s entire span, applied to both the Father (1:8; 21:6) and Christ (22:13) — an implicit deity-of-Christ claim. Must be taught against Thai Buddhist cyclical cosmology (kappa), which has no single linear beginning-and-end of the cosmos; the surrounding paraphrase, not just the transliterated letters, must carry this teaching.

Almighty

Approved rendering: ผู้ทรงฤทธานุภาพสูงสุด
Transliteration: phu song rittha-nuphap sung sut
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God

NEW. ‘Ruler of all’ (παντοκράτωρ), occurring 9 times, denoting total, unrestricted sovereign power. Builds on the baseline’s ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า root; must never be diluted into a merely powerful deva-king, a limited being within Buddhist-Brahmanic cosmology.

Worthy

Approved rendering: ทรงสมควร
Transliteration: song sam-khuan
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship

NEW. Christ’s own uniquely achieved fitness, through his atoning death, to open the scroll (5:2, 4, 9); also applied to God’s own worthiness of worship (4:11). Must be taught as Christ’s own achieved worthiness, uniquely his — never a status believers earn for approaching God, which remains solely by grace (พระคุณ).

Bride Of Christ

Approved rendering: เจ้าสาว ภรรยาของพระเมษโปดก
Transliteration: chao sao, phanraya khong Phra Mesa-podok
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη / ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church

NEW. The corporate redeemed people of God, prepared/adorned (21:2) and explicitly identified as the Lamb’s wife (19:7; 21:9), equated with the New Jerusalem. Must be taught as the whole redeemed people, never as private individual romance. Preserve the passive verbs (prepared, adorned — done by God, not self-produced). Consistency required across 19:7; 21:2, 9.

Marriage Supper Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: พิธีสมรสของพระเมษโปดก
Transliteration: phithi somrot khong Phra Mesa-podok
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church

NEW. The joyful, celebratory consummation of Christ’s union with his redeemed people (19:7, 9). Thai wedding-feast custom is a genuine cultural bridge, provided the corporate, not individually-romantic, referent is clearly taught.

Beast

Approved rendering: สัตว์ร้าย
Transliteration: sat rai
Doctrine: The Unmasking of the Adversary
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment

NEW. Two distinct agents of the dragon’s authority — from the sea (13:1) and from the earth/land (13:11, later ‘the false prophet’) — demanding idolatrous allegiance. Established Thai Bible term (a wild/monstrous beast, not a domesticated animal). Requires historically-contextualized teaching to avoid contemporary over-identification with any present-day nation or leader.

False Prophet

Approved rendering: ผู้เผยพระวจนะเท็จ
Transliteration: phu phoei phra wotchana thet
Doctrine: The Unmasking of the Adversary
Original: ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment

NEW. The second beast (13:11ff), definitively named at its final judgment (16:13; 19:20; 20:10). Built on the baseline-locked ผู้เผยพระวจนะ root plus เท็จ (false); must be kept terminologically distinct from any true prophet figure in the book.

Sealed Of God

Approved rendering: ทรงประทับตรา
Transliteration: song prathap tra
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation, Sealing, and the Book of Life
Original: σφραγίζω / ἐσφραγισμένοι
Category: Salvation

NEW. God’s protective, ownership-marking seal on his servants’ foreheads (7:3-4; 14:1). Same protective-tattoo/amulet collision family as the mark of the beast; must be taught as a mark GIVEN by grace and passively received, never a talisman the believer acquires or ritually maintains.

Hades

Approved rendering: แดนคนตาย
Transliteration: daen khon tai
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The general, provisional realm/place of the dead (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14), distinct from the abyss and the final lake of fire. A clarifying note is recommended given the risk of Thai readers collapsing all afterlife-punishment vocabulary into one undifferentiated ‘hell.‘

Keys Of Death And Hades

Approved rendering: กุญแจแห่งความตายและแดนคนตาย
Transliteration: kunchae haeng khwam tai lae daen khon tai
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: αἱ κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου
Category: Christology

NEW. Christ’s resurrection-won authority over death and the intermediate state of the dead (1:18). The key-of-authority image recurs elsewhere (3:7; 9:1; 20:1); use consistent ‘key’ vocabulary across those occurrences.

Great White Throne

Approved rendering: พระที่นั่งใหญ่สีขาว
Transliteration: phra thi nang yai si khao
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Judgment

NEW. The final judgment scene’s throne (20:11-13). Cross-reference the general throne-register caution; judgment here is final, personal, God-administered, with deeds serving as evidence of, not the basis for, the saints’ standing (already secure via the book of life, 20:15).

Babylon

Approved rendering: มหานครบาบิโลน / หญิงแพศยาตัวใหญ่
Transliteration: mahanakhon Babylon, ying phaetsaya tua yai
Doctrine: Babylon and Worldly Idolatry
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη / ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment

NEW. A symbolic name for the corrupt, idolatrous, persecuting world-system (14:8; 16-18), personified as ‘the great prostitute,’ deliberately contrasted with the pure Bride. Must be taught as SYMBOLIC of any and every idolatrous, persecuting world-system, not a literal ancient/modern nation. Requires OT covenant-unfaithfulness-metaphor background; pair explicitly with Bride imagery.

Testimony Witness

Approved rendering: พยาน / คำพยาน
Transliteration: phayan, kham phayan
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance

NEW. Verbal testimony to Jesus and, by extension, the costly witness leading to death (1:2, 5, 9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:7; 12:11, 17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4). Thai, like Greek, lacks a single word for ‘testify unto death’; this dual sense must be carried by added phrasing (เป็นพยานจนถึงความตาย) at relevant occurrences, a documented Linguistic Gap.

Overcomer

Approved rendering: ผู้มีชัย
Transliteration: phu mi chai
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance

NEW. The persevering believer who remains faithful through tribulation to the end; refrain closing each of the seven letters (2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21) and recurring at 12:11; 21:7. Victory secured THROUGH Christ’s own prior victory and received by persevering faith/testimony, not a self-achieved spiritual conquest through personal discipline. Consistency required across all occurrences.

Redeemed Purchased

Approved rendering: ทรงซื้อไว้ด้วยพระโลหิตของพระองค์
Transliteration: song sue wai duai phra lohit khong phra ong
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
Rejected alternatives: ปลดเปลื้องกรรม
Original: ἀγοράζω (ἠγόρασας)
Category: Salvation

NEW. Believers from every nation as Christ’s own possession, bought at the price of his own blood (5:9; 14:3-4). Distinct Greek verb (ἀγοράζω) from the baseline-locked ἐξαγοράζω (ทรงไถ่), but the same redemptive reality; teach in continuity, never toward ปลดเปลื้องกรรม (self-discharging karmic debt).

Holy City New Jerusalem

Approved rendering: นครเยรูซาเล็มใหม่อันบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: nakhon Yerusalem mai an borisut
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἡ ἁγία πόλις, Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Church

NEW. The consummated people of God pictured as a city descending from God, not built by human hands (21:2). Descending — a gift from above — must not be softened into human religious achievement or read with resonance toward a Buddhist attainment-of-a-pure-land framing.

Coming Down From Heaven

Approved rendering: ทรงเสด็จลงมาจากฟ้าสวรรค์จากพระเจ้า
Transliteration: song sadet long ma chak fa sawan chak Phra Chao
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church

NEW. Divine initiative and gift, not human construction or ascent (21:2, 10). The ทรง-honorific must mark explicit divine agency; if flattened into a passive ‘appeared,’ the gift-not-achievement point (paralleling grace) is lost.

Dwelling Of God With Man

Approved rendering: พลับพลาของพระเจ้าอยู่กับมนุษย์ พระองค์จะทรงสถิตอยู่กับเขา
Transliteration: phlapla khong Phra Chao yu kap manut, phra ong ja song sathit yu kap khao
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ θεοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων / σκηνώσει μετ᾽ αὐτῶν
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The fulfillment of God’s covenant purpose to dwell intimately, directly, and permanently among his people (21:3), anticipating the temple-abolition of 21:22. Avoid any suggestion of a spirit’s temporary, occasional visitation, as with a possessing spirit-medium (ร่างทรง); this is permanent, relational, covenantal co-residence.

Covenant Formula His People

Approved rendering: ประชากรของพระองค์ พระเจ้าจะทรงอยู่กับเขา
Transliteration: prachakon khong phra ong, Phra Chao ja song yu kap khao
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: αὐτοὶ λαοὶ αὐτοῦ ἔσονται, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς μετ᾽ αὐτῶν ἔσται
Category: Covenant

NEW. The final, unbreakable fulfillment of the OT covenant formula (Lev 26:12; Jer 31:33) extended to the whole redeemed people (21:3). Must be translated so the formulaic, promise-fulfillment character carries through, not flattened into a generic ‘God will be near his followers.‘

Vice List Excluded

Approved rendering: ขี้ขลาด ไม่มีความเชื่อ ผู้ทำไสยศาสตร์ ผู้บูชารูปเคารพ คนพูดเท็จ
Transliteration: khi khlat, mai mi khwam cheua, phu tham saiyasat, phu bucha rup khaorop, khon phut thet
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: δειλοί, ἄπιστοι, ἐβδελυγμένοι, φονεῖς, πόρνοι, φαρμακοί, εἰδωλολάτραι, ψεῦσται
Category: Judgment

NEW. The representative vice-list of those excluded from the new Jerusalem (21:8; mirrored 22:15), with cowardice (abandoning faithful witness) named first. φαρμακός (sorcerer) reuses the Galatians-package ไสยศาสตร์/เวทมนตร์คาถา convention — acute collision given Thailand’s live folk-magic/amulet culture, must name occult power-seeking practice without blanket condemnation of Thai object-culture. εἰδωλολάτρης (idolater) requires non-inflammatory framing given the ubiquity of Buddha-image veneration and spirit-house practice.

Eternal Gospel

Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐอันเป็นนิจนิรันดร์
Transliteration: khao prasoet an pen nit niran
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture (extended)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation

NEW. The same one gospel proclaimed throughout the NT, reaching its final, cosmic proclamation stage (14:6). Built on baseline-locked ข่าวประเสริฐ; must be taught as continuous with, not a new or different gospel from, Romans/Galatians.

No Temple

Approved rendering: ไม่มีพระวิหารในนครนั้น เพราะพระเจ้าและพระเมษโปดกทรงเป็นพระวิหารเอง
Transliteration: mai mi phra wihan nai nakhon nan, phro Phra Chao lae Phra Mesa-podok song pen phra wihan eng
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ…ναὸς αὐτῆς ἐστιν
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The total absence of any physical temple structure because God’s and the Lamb’s own direct presence fully replaces every mediating structure (21:22). Use พระวิหาร (established Thai Bible term, distinct from วัด). Must be distinguished from any implication that sacred space is illegitimate now — this describes the final, consummated state only.

Angel

Approved rendering: ทูตสวรรค์
Transliteration: thut sawan
Doctrine: Angelic Worship and Creaturely Humility
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา (unqualified)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Symbolism

NEW. A created worshiping servant of God (1:1; 5:2; 8-9; 14; 19:17) who himself explicitly refuses worship, redirecting it to God alone (19:10; 22:8-9). Must not be rendered เทวดา without qualification, given Thai popular religion’s familiarity with devas as objects of veneration in their own right; the angel’s refusal is a valuable teaching contrast and must be highlighted.

Works Evaluated

Approved rendering: กิจการ
Transliteration: kitchakan
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: การประพฤติตามธรรมบัญญัติ (forbidden reuse from Galatians)
Original: ἔργα
Category: Ethics

NEW. The observable conduct/deeds of the seven churches (and of the dead at the final judgment, 20:12-13), evaluated by Christ as evidence of faithfulness. HIGH disambiguation risk: must NOT reuse the Galatians package’s การประพฤติตามธรรมบัญญัติ construction (‘works of the law’) — these are two distinct theological categories (evidentiary fruit of an already-justified people vs. a false basis for justification) despite the shared English gloss ‘works.’ Disambiguating translator note required wherever ἔργα appears in Rev 2-3, 20.

Throne

Approved rendering: พระที่นั่ง
Transliteration: phra thi nang
Doctrine: The Throne and Divine Kingship Register
Original: θρόνος
Category: God

NEW. The seat of royal divine authority, recurring 40+ times (chs. 1, 3-5, 7, 19-22). Thai พระที่นั่ง carries a heavy royal-court register shared with the Thai monarchy, protected by lèse-majesté law. Must read as unmistakably and exclusively divine, never as commentary on, or borrowing register reserved for, the Thai royal court. Translator/teaching note advisable at doctrinal density (chs. 4-5, 20-22).

Holy Holy Holy

Approved rendering: บริสุทธิ์ บริสุทธิ์ บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: borisut, borisut, borisut
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος
Category: Worship

NEW. The threefold repetition of ‘holy,’ a Hebraic superlative declaring God’s utterly set-apart moral perfection (4:8), quoting Isaiah 6:3. Builds on baseline-locked บริสุทธิ์; the threefold repetition must be preserved rather than compressed or paraphrased.

Wrath Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: พระพิโรธของพระเมษโปดก
Transliteration: phra phirot khong Phra Mesa-podok
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Judgment

NEW. The Lamb’s settled, righteous, judicial anger (6:16). Must use the locked พระเมษโปดก, not a generic ‘lamb’ word, so the deliberate rhetorical shock of pairing sacrificial imagery with wrath is not lost or read as nonsensical.

Two Witnesses

Approved rendering: พยานทั้งสองคน
Transliteration: phayan thang song khon
Doctrine: The Two Witnesses and Prophetic Testimony
Original: οἱ δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance

NEW. Two Christ-empowered prophetic figures who testify, are killed, and are raised, compressing the whole book’s witness-persecution-vindication pattern (11:3-12). Their resurrection (11:11-12) must use the baseline-locked resurrection vocabulary, never rebirth vocabulary, with the same Critical-tier discipline as every other resurrection reference.

Medium Risk Terms

Church

Approved rendering: คริสตจักร
Transliteration: khritsatchak
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: วัด
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Addressed as seven local congregations (chs. 2-3) and as one redeemed community elsewhere (1:4, 11, 20; 22:16).

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phaendin khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: อาณาจักรของพระเจ้า
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified (root vocabulary). Reused in ‘a kingdom and priests’ (1:6; 5:10) and displacing ‘the kingdom of the world’ at 11:15.

Faith

Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. In Revelation often carries the sense of persevering faithfulness under threat (2:13, 19; 13:10; 14:12), not merely initial belief.

Israel

Approved rendering: อิสราเอล
Transliteration: Itsarael
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Named at 2:14; 7:4; 21:12.

David

Approved rendering: ดาวิด
Transliteration: Dawit
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Source of the ‘key of David’ and ‘root of David’ titles applied to Christ (3:7; 5:5; 22:16).

Apostle

Approved rendering: อัครทูต
Transliteration: akkhrathut
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: อาจารย์ใหญ่
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Named in the Ephesus letter’s test (2:2) and as one of the New Jerusalem’s twelve foundations (21:14) and gates-tradition witness (18:20).

Peace

Approved rendering: สันติสุข
Transliteration: santisuk
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ความสงบทางใจ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Part of the letter-opening greeting ‘grace and peace’ (1:4).

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: บุตรมนุษย์
Transliteration: but manut
Doctrine: Sonship and Humanity of Christ
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

NEW. A Danielic vision-title identifying the glorified figure as the same Christ of the Gospels (1:13; 14:14). Distinct from, and must not be confused with, the baseline-locked พระบุตรของพระเจ้า (‘Son of God’).

Kingdom And Priests

Approved rendering: แผ่นดินและปุโรหิต
Transliteration: phaendin lae purohit
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
Original: βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church

NEW. The redeemed church’s shared royal and priestly identity (1:6; 5:10; 20:6), echoing Exodus 19:6. Reuses the แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า root; ปุโรหิต is shared vocabulary with Hindu-Brahmanic ritual contexts, so a note clarifying every-believer priesthood (not a specialized ritual-mediator class) is recommended.

Latreuo Service

Approved rendering: ปรนนิบัตินมัสการ
Transliteration: pronnibat namatsakan
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship

NEW. The redeemed’s eternal, willing, priestly service/worship of God and the Lamb (7:15; 22:3). Positive δοῦλος-family usage; must be disambiguated from the negative ‘slavery’ (ความเป็นทาส, Galatians package) contrast-term, since this is willing, honored covenant service, not coercion.

Number Of The Beast

Approved rendering: เลข 666 ของสัตว์ร้าย
Transliteration: lek hok-hok-hok khong sat rai
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ, χξς
Category: Judgment

NEW. 666, a numerological symbol of radical incompleteness (falling short of the complete/perfect seven), exposing the beast’s hollowness (13:17-18). Numerals transfer without difficulty; avoid importing Thai numerology’s own unrelated lucky/unlucky number associations.

Millennium

Approved rendering: พันปี
Transliteration: phan pi
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology

NEW. A specific period during which Satan is bound and the saints reign with Christ (20:2-7), the most historically contested interpretive question in the book. Risk is hermeneutical, not lexical; teach with interpretive humility across premillennial/amillennial/postmillennial views.

Armageddon

Approved rendering: อารมาเกดโดน
Transliteration: Armagedon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Eschatology

NEW. A symbolic gathering-place name for the final, certain, decisive confrontation between God and evil’s assembled forces (16:16). Distinguish the book’s specific, God-victorious framing from secular pop-culture ‘Armageddon = catastrophic end’ connotation.

Tribulation

Approved rendering: ความยากลำบาก
Transliteration: khwam yak lam bak
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance

NEW. The suffering/persecution context in which faithful witness is tested (1:9; 2:9-10, 22; 7:14, ‘the great tribulation’). Avoid framing this suffering as karmic consequence rather than opposition endured for faithfulness.

White Robes

Approved rendering: เสื้อสีขาว
Transliteration: suea si khao
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
Original: στολαὶ λευκαί
Category: Perseverance

NEW. A recurring symbol of purity, victory, and priestly/royal dress worn by the redeemed (3:4-5, 18; 4:4; 6:11; 7:9, 13-14; 19:8, 14). White is culturally accessible in Thai as a purity symbol, though care is needed that Thai white’s funerary association does not shade this triumphant image with a somber tone.

Wipe Away Every Tear

Approved rendering: เช็ดน้ำตาทุกๆหยดของเขา
Transliteration: chet nam ta thuk thuk yot khong khao
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον
Category: Eschatology

NEW. God’s own intimate, personal comfort completing his promised presence (7:17; 21:4). MUST be rendered identically at both occurrences per the cross-document consistency mandate.

Come Out Of Her

Approved rendering: ออกมาจากนางเถิด ประชากรของเรา
Transliteration: ok ma chak nang thoet, prachakon khong rao
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: Ἐξέλθατε ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὁ λαός μου
Category: Perseverance

NEW. A direct imperative call to costly, decisive separation from complicity in Babylon’s idolatry and injustice (18:4). Apply wisely to a modern Thai context without trivializing or over-literalizing as full social withdrawal.

Sea No More

Approved rendering: ทะเลไม่มีอีกต่อไป
Transliteration: thale mai mi ik to pai
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The final abolition of chaos and satanic origin-point symbolized by the sea throughout Revelation (13:1), not primarily a literal-hydrological statement (21:1). Flag that a literal ‘no more oceans’ reading understates the symbolic sea-as-chaos motif.

Words Trustworthy And True

Approved rendering: น่าเชื่อถือและเป็นจริง
Transliteration: na cheua thue lae pen jing
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture (extended)
Original: οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί εἰσιν
Category: Scripture

NEW. A divine self-authentication formula certifying the reliability of the book’s own visionary words (21:5; recurring 19:9; 22:6). An objective claim about the words’ own reliable character, not subjective human confidence.

It Is Done

Approved rendering: สำเร็จแล้ว
Transliteration: sam-ret laeo
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: เสร็จแล้ว
Original: Γέγονεν
Category: Eschatology

NEW. God’s declaration that his sovereign historical plan has reached its declared completion (21:6). Distinguish from the neutral เสร็จแล้ว (‘merely finished’); สำเร็จ carries the stronger sense of successful, purposeful accomplishment.

Inherit These Things

Approved rendering: ผู้มีชัยจะได้รับสิ่งเหล่านี้เป็นมรดก
Transliteration: phu mi chai ja dai rap sing lao ni pen morادok
Doctrine: Adoption and Eschatological Sonship
Original: ὁ νικῶν κληρονομήσει ταῦτα
Category: Perseverance

NEW. The overcomer’s reception of the full inheritance of the new-creation promises as a son/heir (21:7). Reuses the Galatians-package heir/inheritance conceptual field (ทายาท) for cross-curriculum consistency.

I Will Be His God He Will Be My Son

Approved rendering: เราจะเป็นพระเจ้าของเขา และเขาจะเป็นบุตรของเรา
Transliteration: rao ja pen Phra Chao khong khao, lae khao ja pen but khong rao
Doctrine: Adoption and Eschatological Sonship
Original: ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεὸς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι υἱός
Category: Salvation

NEW. The eschatological fulfillment of believers’ adoptive sonship, echoing 2 Sam 7:14 and Romans 8/Galatians 4 (21:7). Draws on baseline บุตร vocabulary while remaining clearly distinct from Christ’s own unique eternal Sonship (พระบุตรของพระเจ้า).

Mystery Of God

Approved rendering: ข้อลึกลับของพระเจ้าที่ทรงเปิดเผยแล้ว
Transliteration: kho luek lap khong Phra Chao thi song poet phoei laeo
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Scripture

NEW. God’s redemptive plan, previously concealed and now disclosed, reaching its declared completion (10:7). Thai ลึกลับ can carry folk-magic/occult connotations; a qualifying phrase emphasizing this mystery is REVEALED and knowable, not an ongoing esoteric secret, is recommended.

Twelve Gates Tribes Foundations Apostles

Approved rendering: ประตูสิบสองประตู ตระกูลสิบสอง ฐานรากสิบสอง อัครทูตสิบสองคน
Transliteration: pratu sip song pratu, trakun sip song, thanrak sip song, akkhrathut sip song khon
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
Original: πύλαι δώδεκα…φυλῶν…θεμελίους δώδεκα…ἀποστόλων
Category: Church

NEW. The New Jerusalem’s architecture symbolically uniting OT Israel (twelve tribes on the gates) and the NT church (twelve apostles on the foundations) into one people of God (21:12-14). ἀπόστολος reuses baseline-locked อัครทูต; requires OT tribal background teaching.

Kings Bring Glory

Approved rendering: กษัตริย์แห่งแผ่นดินโลกจะนำพระสิริของเขามาในนครนั้น สิ่งไม่บริสุทธิ์จะไม่เข้าไปในนครนั้นเลย
Transliteration: kasat haeng phaendin lok ja nam phra siri khong khao ma nai nakhon nan, sing mai borisut ja mai khao pai nai nakhon nan loei
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς φέρουσιν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν εἰς αὐτήν / οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ…πᾶν κοινόν
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The nations’ redeemed glory and honor welcomed into the eternal city, while all defilement is permanently excluded (21:24, 27). δόξα here applies to redeemed human kings’ honor brought as offering, a related but distinct sense from God’s own glory; a brief clarifying note is useful.

River And Tree Of Life

Approved rendering: แม่น้ำแห่งน้ำแห่งชีวิต / ต้นไม้แห่งชีวิต
Transliteration: mae nam haeng nam haeng chiwit, ton mai haeng chiwit
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς / ξύλον ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The full, final restoration of unbroken access to God’s own life, recalling the water-of-life promise (21:6) and the Genesis tree of life (Gen 3:24; 22:1-2). Requires Genesis 2-3 background teaching to register the full canonical bookend weight.

No More Curse

Approved rendering: จะไม่มีคำสาปแช่งอีกต่อไป
Transliteration: ja mai mi kham sap chaeng ik to pai
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καὶ πᾶν κατάθεμα οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι
Category: Law

NEW. The total reversal of both the original creation-curse (Gen 3:17) and the law’s covenant-curse (Gal 3:13), finally lifted (22:3). Reuses baseline/Galatians-locked คำสาปแช่ง.

Invitation To The Thirsty

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่กระหายก็ให้เขามาเถิด
Transliteration: phu thi krahai ko hai khao ma thoet
Doctrine: Grace as the Gospel’s Closing Word
Original: ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω
Category: Salvation

NEW. The book’s final, open, universal invitation extending the free water-of-life gift to any reader (22:17). Connects directly to the water_of_life_without_cost entry’s grace-not-merit discipline.

Canonical Warning

Approved rendering: ถ้าผู้ใดเพิ่มเข้าไป…ถ้าผู้ใดตัดออกไปจากคำพยากรณ์เล่มนี้
Transliteration: tha phu dai phoem khao pai…tha phu dai tat ok pai chak kham phayakon lem ni
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture (extended)
Original: ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ᾽ αὐτά / ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ
Category: Scripture

NEW. A solemn scribal-preservation warning against adding to or removing from ‘the words of the prophecy of this book’ (22:18-19), echoing Deut 4:2; 12:32. Connects to the baseline’s broader inspiration_of_scripture doctrine.

Revelation Apocalypse

Approved rendering: วิวรณ์
Transliteration: wiwaron
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture (extended)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Scripture

NEW. The book’s own self-designation as a direct disclosure from God through Christ (1:1). Established Thai Bible book-title/genre term, distinct from การทรงสำแดง (Galatians package’s term for Paul’s personal disclosure); keep the two distinct per referent.

Repent

Approved rendering: กลับใจ
Transliteration: klap chai
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: การทำความดีเพื่อลบล้างความผิด
Original: μετανοέω
Category: Perseverance

NEW. The risen Christ’s ongoing call to the seven churches for genuine reorientation toward faithfulness (8 occurrences, chs. 2-3). Must not collapse into generic remorse or a merit-based ethical-improvement register.

Synagogue Of Satan

Approved rendering: ศาลาธรรมของซาตาน
Transliteration: sala tham khong Satan
Doctrine: The Unmasking of the Adversary
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Church

NEW. A polemical designation for a hostile religious body opposing the true church (2:9; 3:9). Low intrinsic Thai-cultural collision; pastoral sensitivity needed to avoid casual use as a slur against present-day religious communities — the text’s specific 1st-century Jewish-Christian conflict should be historically contextualized.

Overcomer Rewards

Approved rendering: มานาที่ซ่อนไว้ / ดาวประจำรุ่ง / กุญแจของดาวิด
Transliteration: mana thi son wai, dao pracham rung, kunchae khong Dawit
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: τὸ μάννα τὸ κεκρυμμένον / ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός / ἡ κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology

NEW. Specific reward-images (hidden manna, morning star, key of David) promised to the overcomer in individual letters (2:17, 28; 3:7), each tied to Christ’s own person and OT background. ‘Key of David’ reuses the baseline-locked ดาวิด exactly; requires OT background teaching since none of these images have Thai cultural equivalents.

Book Of Life

Approved rendering: หนังสือแห่งชีวิต
Transliteration: nangsue haeng chiwit
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation, Sealing, and the Book of Life
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation

NEW. A register of those who belong to God, determining final destiny at the judgment (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27). Low collision with Thai folk religion; a note distinguishing this from an accumulating karmic record is useful, since inclusion is grounded in belonging to Christ (grace), not an accumulated balance.

Four Living Creatures

Approved rendering: สิ่งมีชีวิตทั้งสี่
Transliteration: sing mi chiwit thang si
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: τὰ τέσσαρα ζῷα
Category: Worship

NEW. Composite heavenly beings drawn from Ezekiel 1 and Isaiah 6, leading perpetual heavenly worship (ch. 4). Ensure these worship-leaders are not conceptually assimilated to Thai temple-guardian mythological creatures (nāga, garuḍa, singha), which serve a decorative/protective, not worship-leading, function.

Twenty Four Elders

Approved rendering: ผู้อาวุโสยี่สิบสี่คน
Transliteration: phu awuso yisip si khon
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship

NEW. Representative heavenly figures, enthroned and crowned, modeling the whole redeemed community’s worship and intercession (chs. 4-5). Should be kept distinct from the ordinary local-church-office term ผู้ปกครอง.

Seals Of Scroll

Approved rendering: ตราประทับ
Transliteration: tra prathap
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Symbolism

NEW. The seals authenticating and closing the scroll, progressively opened to depict God’s sovereign, ordered unfolding of end-time history (ch. 6). Same root as ch. 7’s sealing of the 144,000 (σφραγίζω) but a distinct referent; use the same Thai root, relying on context to disambiguate.

Souls Under The Altar

Approved rendering: อีกนานเท่าใด…ทรงพิพากษาแทน
Transliteration: ik nan thao dai…song phiphaksa thaen
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἕως πότε…ἐκδικέω
Category: Judgment

NEW. The martyrs’ cry for God’s righteous justice, a judicial (not personal-vengeance) term (6:10). Ensure ἐκδικέω is rendered as judicial vindication by God, not personal retaliation.

Prayers Of The Saints Incense

Approved rendering: เครื่องหอมร่วมกับคำอธิษฐานของวิสุทธิชน
Transliteration: khrueang hom ruam kap kham athitthan khong wisutthichon
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θυμίαμα…ταῖς προσευχαῖς τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship

NEW. Incense symbolizing the saints’ prayers ascending to God, directly connected to his unfolding judgment (8:3-4). Thai temple incense-offering (จุดธูป) is visually similar but functions differently (a devotional/merit act); distinguish ‘incense as prayer-symbol’ from ‘incense as an offering effective in itself.‘

Harvest And Winepress

Approved rendering: การเก็บเกี่ยว / บ่อย่ำองุ่นแห่งพระพิโรธของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: kan kep kiao, bo yam a-ngun haeng phra phirot khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θερισμός / ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment

NEW. OT prophetic harvest/winepress imagery for final judgment (14:15, 19), from Joel 3:13. Requires connection to Babylon symbolism first introduced in the same chapter.

Song Of Moses And The Lamb

Approved rendering: บทเพลงของโมเสสและบทเพลงของพระเมษโปดก
Transliteration: bot phleng khong Moses lae bot phleng khong Phra Mesa-podok
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: τὴν ᾠδὴν Μωϋσέως…καὶ τὴν ᾠδὴν τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship

NEW. A deliberate pairing joining the OT exodus-deliverance tradition (Exod 15) with the NT Lamb’s fuller deliverance in one worship-act (15:3). Requires Exodus background for full comprehension.

Seven Bowls Plagues

Approved rendering: ภัยพิบัติทั้งเจ็ด
Transliteration: phai phibat thang chet
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: αἱ ἑπτὰ πληγαί
Category: Judgment

NEW. The final series of God’s judgments, structurally parallel to the seven seals and seven trumpets, completing the book’s judgment-cycle (chs. 15-16). Should be kept vocabulary-consistent with seals/trumpets terminology to preserve the reader’s sense of a completed threefold-seven literary structure.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: ผู้เผยพระวจนะ
Transliteration: phu phoei phra wotchana
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: หมอดู
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Designates John (1:3) and OT/NT prophets collectively (10:7; 11:10, 18; 16:6; 18:20, 24; 22:6, 9).

Prophecy

Approved rendering: คำพยากรณ์
Transliteration: kham phayakon
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: คำทำนายดวงชะตา
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Revelation repeatedly calls itself ‘the words of this prophecy’ (1:3; 19:10; 22:7, 10, 18-19).

Amen

Approved rendering: อาเมน
Transliteration: Amen
Doctrine: Faith
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unmodified. Closes worship scenes and the book itself (1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21).

New Song

Approved rendering: เพลงใหม่
Transliteration: phleng mai
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship

NEW. A qualitatively new worship-response evoked specifically by the Lamb’s redemptive act (5:9; 14:3). Minimal collision risk.

Abaddon Apollyon

Approved rendering: อาบัดโดน / อปอลลิยอน
Transliteration: Abaddon, Apollyon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἀβαδδὼν / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Judgment

NEW. Double-named (Hebrew/Greek) proper name for the king of the abyss’s demonic locust-army (9:11), meaning ‘destruction/destroyer.’ Transliterate per the established proper-noun standard; gloss as ‘the Destroyer.‘

Hallelujah

Approved rendering: ฮาเลลูยาห์
Transliteration: Hallelujah
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship

NEW (established transliteration standard, reused per baseline convention). A fixed liturgical exclamation, the concentrated worship-response to God’s judgment of Babylon and vindication of the saints (19:1, 3-4, 6).

Lukewarm

Approved rendering: อุ่นๆ ไม่เย็นไม่ร้อน
Transliteration: un un, mai yen mai ron
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Ethics

NEW. Neither hot nor cold; a warning against complacent, self-satisfied nominal faith (3:16). Straightforward imagery with minimal Thai-specific collision.

Four Horsemen

Approved rendering: ม้าสีต่างๆกับผู้ขี่
Transliteration: ma si tang tang kap phu khi
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἵππος
Category: Symbolism

NEW. Symbolic riders (conquest, war, famine, death) unleashed as the first four seals are opened (6:1-8). Vivid, low-collision imagery.

Trumpets

Approved rendering: แตร
Transliteration: trae
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Symbolism

NEW. Signals of divine action/announcement, inaugurating each stage of God’s sovereignly ordered judgment (ch. 8). Minimal collision; established, neutral vocabulary.

Wormwood

Approved rendering: อัปซินธัส
Transliteration: Apsinthos
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἄψινθος
Category: Symbolism

NEW. A proper name for a judgment-star turning water bitter and deadly, reversing the water-of-life imagery to come (8:11). A brief note on the bitter/deadly wordplay aids comprehension.

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