Core Glossary

Core Glossary — 2 Thessalonians

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book (chapters 1–3). It is organized in two parts: (A) baseline terms reused exactly from the Romans/Galatians Language Package, cited by their 2 Thessalonians occurrences, and (B) new terms introduced by this curriculum, each assigned a risk tier consistent with the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework. All new-term renderings in Part B are candidates for addition to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 2 setup.

Risk tier definitions (reused from baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json): Critical = mistranslation destroys essential doctrine, theologian review mandatory every occurrence. High = significant theological confusion/syncretism risk, theologian review required. Medium = reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning, native speaker review recommended. Low = minor imprecision risk, automated review sufficient.

Part A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans/Galatians → 2 Thessalonians)

Term (EN)	Greek	Thai (exact reuse)	Risk (baseline)	2 Thessalonians occurrences
grace	χάρις	พระคุณ	Critical	1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18
peace	εἰρήνη	สันติสุข	Medium	1:2, 3:16
faith	πίστις	ความเชื่อ	Medium	1:3, 1:4, 1:11, 2:13, 3:2
church	ἐκκλησία	คริสตจักร	Medium	1:1, (“of the Thessalonians”)
god	θεός	พระเจ้า	Critical	throughout (1:1-2, 1:6, 1:8, 1:11-12, 2:4, 2:11, 2:13, 2:16)
father	πατήρ	พระบิดา	High	1:1-2, 2:16
lord	κύριος	องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า	Critical	1:1-2, 1:7-9, 1:12, 2:1-2, 2:8, 2:13-14, 2:16, 3:1, 3:3-5, 3:6, 3:12, 3:16, 3:18
jesus	Ἰησοῦς	พระเยซู	Critical	1:1-2, 1:7-8, 1:12, 2:1, 2:8, 2:14, 2:16, 3:6, 3:12, 3:18
christ	Χριστός	พระคริสต์	Critical	1:1-2, 1:8, 1:12, 2:1, 2:14, 2:16, 3:5, 3:6, 3:12, 3:18
holy_spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα (qualified)	พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์	Critical	2:13 (ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος)
calling / called	κλῆσις / κλητός	การทรงเรียก / ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก	High	1:11
election	ἐκλογή (verbal εἵλατο)	การทรงเลือก	High	2:13
sanctification	ἁγιασμός	การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์	High	2:13
salvation	σωτηρία	ความรอด	Critical	2:10, 2:13
righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	ความชอบธรรม	Critical	1:6 (root of “it is righteous of God”), underlies 2:10, 2:12 negation
kingdom_of_god	βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ	แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า	Medium	1:5
revelation	ἀποκάλυψις	การทรงสำแดง	Medium	1:7
power_of_god	δύναμις θεοῦ (root δύναμις)	ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า	High	1:11 (“power” of God fulfilling every resolve); root reused at 2:9 for the counterfeit “power”
thanksgiving	εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστεῖν	การขอบพระคุณ	Low	1:3, 2:13
exhort	παρακαλέω	หนุนใจ	Low	2:17
glory	δόξα	พระสิริ	High	1:9, 1:12, 2:14
law	νόμος (root ἀνομία, “lawlessness,” is a negation of this root)	ธรรมบัญญัติ (root reference only; ἀνομία is rendered separately, see Part B)	High	underlies 2:3, 2:7, 2:8

Part B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Thessalonians

Term (EN label)	Greek	Transliteration	Thai rendering	Thai transliteration	Doctrine	Risk	Rationale / rejected alternatives
day_of_the_lord	ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου	hēmera tou kyriou	วันขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า	wan khong ong phra phu pen chao	The Day of the Lord	Critical	Core doctrine term. Must not collapse into generic “doomsday” (วันสิ้นโลก) or read through Buddhist cyclical-cosmology assumptions (kalpa endings followed by new cycles). Must always retain องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า as the explicit acting subject. Rejected: unqualified วันสิ้นโลก alone (loses Christ’s person as the acting subject).
parousia_coming	παρουσία	parousia	การเสด็จมา	kan sadet ma	The Day of the Lord / The Man of Lawlessness	Critical	Royal/divine honorific verb เสด็จ; must be used identically for both Christ’s genuine coming (2:1, 2:8) and the lawless one’s parody coming (2:9) to preserve Paul’s deliberate ironic parallel — flagged for mandatory translator note at 2:9. Rejected: downgrading the lawless one’s “coming” to a non-honorific verb (มา ธรรมดา), which would erase the parody.
epiphaneia_appearing	ἐπιφάνεια	epiphaneia	การปรากฏ	kan prakot	The Day of the Lord	High	Paired with parousia at 2:8 to intensify certainty/visibility of Christ’s return; must remain visibly distinct from, yet linked to, การเสด็จมา so the doubled emphasis is not flattened into a single phrase.
gathering_together	ἐπισυναγωγή	episynagōgē	การรวบรวมเข้าไว้กับพระองค์	kan ruapruam khao wai kap phra ong	The Day of the Lord	Medium	The eschatological gathering of believers to Christ, not ordinary church attendance; low direct collision risk but requires disambiguating notes from คริสตจักร gathering language.
apostasy_rebellion	ἀποστασία	apostasia	การกบฏละทิ้งความเชื่อ	kan kabot lathing khwam cheua	The Day of the Lord / The Man of Lawlessness	High	Must be distinguished from purely political rebellion (กบฏ) and from a monk’s routine disrobing (ลาสิกขา); names a climactic, corporate abandonment of true faith preceding the end.
man_of_lawlessness	ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας	ho anthrōpos tēs anomias	มนุษย์แห่งความอธรรม	manut haeng khwam a-tham	The Man of Lawlessness	Critical	Core doctrine term; ความอธรรม (built on the Buddhist-loaded ธรรม root) risks being heard as “departure from the Dhamma” rather than personal rebellion against the one true God’s law. Must always be taught with explicit reference to God as lawgiver. Parallel-and-inverted to baseline’s Critical “son_of_god” term.
lawlessness	ἀνομία	anomia	ความอธรรม	khwam a-tham	The Man of Lawlessness	Critical	Root term underlying man_of_lawlessness, mystery_of_lawlessness, and lawless_one; same collision risk as above; must remain visibly consistent across all three derived terms.
son_of_destruction	ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας	ho huios tēs apōleias	บุตรแห่งความพินาศ	but haeng khwam phinat	The Man of Lawlessness	Critical	Deliberate dark parody of the baseline’s Critical “son_of_god” (พระบุตรของพระเจ้า); must not be softened into a merely descriptive “troublesome person” — names a person under final divine sentence.
lawless_one	ὁ ἄνομος	ho anomos	ผู้อธรรม	phu a-tham	The Man of Lawlessness	High	Shorthand reuse of the anomia root at 2:8; must be visibly built on the same root as man_of_lawlessness/mystery_of_lawlessness.
mystery_of_lawlessness	τὸ μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας	to mystērion tēs anomias	ความล้ำลึกแห่งความอธรรม	khwam lam luek haeng khwam a-tham	The Man of Lawlessness	High	Must not be confused with occult “ไสยศาสตร์” or pedagogical Buddhist “ปริศนาธรรม” (dharma riddles); names a hidden, presently-active spiritual-moral reality under God’s sovereign timetable.
the_restrainer	τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων	to katechon / ho katechōn	สิ่งที่ยับยั้งอยู่ / ผู้ที่ยับยั้งอยู่	sing thi yabyang yu / phu thi yabyang yu	The Man of Lawlessness	High	Genuinely disputed referent (Holy Spirit / Roman rule of law / an angelic power, among proposals); translation must preserve the Greek’s open ambiguity (and the neuter-to-masculine grammatical shift between 2:6 and 2:7) rather than resolving it by naming a referent in the text itself.
his_own_appointed_time	ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ καιρῷ	en tō heautou kairō	ตามเวลาที่ทรงกำหนด	tam wela thi song kamnot	The Man of Lawlessness / God’s Righteous Judgment	High	Same doctrinal family as baseline “providence” and Galatians’ “fullness_of_time”; must be God’s own sovereign appointment, never an astrologically auspicious moment (ฤกษ์งามยามดี).
energeia_family_satan	κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ	kat energeian tou satana	ตามการกระทำของซาตาน	tam kan kratham khong satan	The Man of Lawlessness	High	Satan’s active empowering of the lawless one; must not receive the divine honorific ทรง- (reserved for God’s own action), keeping Satan’s activity subordinate and permitted-but-not-equal to God’s power.
satan	Σατανᾶς	Satanas	ซาตาน	Satan	The Man of Lawlessness	High	Established Thai Christian transliteration (new baseline entry created by this analysis; no prior Romans/Galatians entry). Must not be confused with generic Thai folk-demonic categories (ผี, already forbidden as a Holy Spirit substitute; here the concern is the reverse direction — not accidentally elevating a folk-spirit concept to Satan’s unique status, or vice versa).
lying_signs_and_wonders	σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους	sēmeia kai terata pseudous	หมายสำคัญและการอัศจรรย์แห่งความเท็จ	mai samkhan lae kan atsajan haeng khwam thet	The Man of Lawlessness	High	Deliberately echoes and counterfeits the genuine miraculous credentials of Christ/apostles; the qualifier แห่งความเท็จ (“of falsehood”) must never be dropped, or the phrase reads as simple approval of impressive miracles.
deception_of_unrighteousness	ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας	apatē adikias	การล่อลวงแห่งความไม่ชอบธรรม	kan lo luang haeng khwam mai chop tham	The Man of Lawlessness / God’s Righteous Judgment	Critical	ἀδικία is the direct grammatical negation of the baseline’s Critical δικαιοσύνη; must be rendered as the transparent negation ความไม่ชอบธรรม, not conflated with the unrelated anomia-root vocabulary.
those_perishing	οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι	hoi apollymenoi	ผู้ที่กำลังพินาศ	phu thi kamlang phinat	God’s Righteous Judgment	High	Direct antonym-pairing with the baseline’s Critical ความรอด (salvation); must remain a live contrast pair, not softened into a merely relational “those who are struggling/lost.”
love_of_the_truth	ἡ ἀγάπη τῆς ἀληθείας	hē agapē tēs alētheias	ความรักในความจริง	khwam rak nai khwam jing	God’s Righteous Judgment	High	The saving response withheld by those who are condemned; must retain the sense of decisive, salvation-bearing reception, paired against “believing the lie.”
believing_the_lie	πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει	pisteusai tō pseudei	เชื่อในความเท็จ	cheua nai khwam thet	God’s Righteous Judgment	High	Must retain the same เชื่อ root used for the baseline’s “faith” so the deliberate contrast (belief aimed at Christ vs. belief aimed at falsehood) remains visible.
strong_delusion	ἐνέργεια πλάνης	energeia planēs	ความลุ่มหลงที่พระเจ้าทรงส่งมาลงโทษ	khwam lumlong thi Phra Chao song song ma long thot	God’s Righteous Judgment	Critical	The single highest Thai-specific risk term in the book. God (explicit subject, honorific ทรง) actively and judicially sends this in response to prior rejection of truth (2:10) — must never be diluted into เคราะห์กรรม/เวรกรรม (impersonal karmic misfortune/cause-and-effect), the same forbidden-substitution family already flagged Critical for providence, election, curse, and sowing_and_reaping in the Romans/Galatians baseline.
judged_condemned	κριθῶσιν	krithōsin	ถูกพิพากษาลงโทษ	thuk phiphaksa long thot	God’s Righteous Judgment	High	Forensic, judicial condemnation (inversion of the baseline’s “justification” forensic-declaration family); never an impersonal karmic reckoning.
unrighteousness	ἀδικία	adikia	ความไม่ชอบธรรม	khwam mai chop tham	God’s Righteous Judgment	Critical	Direct negation of the baseline’s Critical ความชอบธรรม; must be kept visibly connected to that root across every occurrence (2:10, 2:12, and underlying 1:6).
took_pleasure_in	εὐδοκήσαντες	eudokēsantes	ยินดีในความไม่ชอบธรรม	yindi nai khwam mai chop tham	God’s Righteous Judgment	Medium	Establishes the justice of the judgment: active, willing preference for unrighteousness, not passive deception against one’s will.
persecutions_and_afflictions	διωγμοί καὶ θλίψεις	diōgmoi kai thlipseis	การถูกข่มเหงและความยากลำบาก	kan thuk khomhen lae khwam yak lambak	Perseverance under Persecution	High	Must be kept concrete (specific, externally-inflicted hostility endured in hope of a specific future divine reversal), not assimilated to the general Buddhist category of ทุกข์ (dukkha, the inherent unsatisfactoriness of existence).
perseverance_endurance	ὑπομονή	hypomonē	ความอดทน	khwam otthan	Perseverance under Persecution	High	Central doctrine term. Must be understood as hope-in-Christ-sustained endurance (grace-empowered, oriented toward Christ’s certain future vindication), not the self-cultivated Buddhist virtue ขันติ (khanti), one of the ten pāramī deliberately accumulated by a practitioner toward their own liberation. ขันติ is rejected as the primary gloss for this reason.
love_growing	ἀγάπη	agapē	ความรัก	khwam rak	Perseverance under Persecution	Medium	Committed, particular, covenantal love among believers, growing as evidence of the Spirit’s work; must not be replaced by the Buddhist brahmavihāra terms เมตตา (mettā) or กรุณา (karuṇā), which denote a detached, universally-extended benevolence cultivated through personal meditative discipline rather than Spirit-produced, relationally particular love.
righteous_repayment	δίκαιον … ἀνταποδοῦναι	dikaion … antapodounai	เป็นการยุติธรรมที่พระเจ้าจะทรงตอบแทน	pen kan yutitham thi Phra Chao ja song top thaen	God’s Righteous Judgment	Critical	God’s own righteous character requires this precise judicial reciprocity; must not collapse into the folk-Buddhist self-operating maxim “ทำดีได้ดี ทำชั่วได้ชั่ว” (already flagged Critical for sowing_and_reaping in the Galatians baseline) — พระเจ้า must remain the explicit personal, deliberate agent.
vengeance_retribution	ἐκδίκησις	ekdikēsis	การลงโทษอันชอบธรรม	kan long thot an chop tham	God’s Righteous Judgment	High	Preferred over การแก้แทน (“taking revenge”), which risks the connotation of personal vendetta (อาฆาตแก้แหน); must read as judicial, not vindictive-personal, and never as impersonal karmic retribution.
eternal_destruction	ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος	olethros aiōnios	ความพินาศนิรันดร์	khwam phinat nirandon	God’s Righteous Judgment	Critical	Final, unending, irreversible judicial destruction; must not be assimilated to the Buddhist doctrines of impermanence (อนิจจัง) or rebirth, in which no state is ever truly final. Same forbidden-substitution logic already applied to “resurrection,” now applied in the opposite (negative/judgment) direction.
worthy_of_calling	ἀξιώσῃ τῆς κλήσεως	axiōsē tēs klēseōs	ทรงให้ท่านสมกับการทรงเรียก	song hai than som kap kan song riak	Perseverance under Persecution	High	”Worthy” is God’s own gracious act, worked in the believer, not merit earned through บุญ (accumulated merit); reuses baseline “calling” term exactly.
traditions	παραδόσεις	paradoseis	คำสอนที่ได้รับสืบทอด	kham son thi dai rap suepthot	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Critical	Core doctrine term (2:15, 3:6; verbatim-identical rendering required at both occurrences). Must NOT use ประเพณี, the natural fluent Thai gloss, because ประเพณี denotes negotiable cultural/folk custom (Songkran, ordination customs, merit-making customs) rather than binding apostolic doctrine — the same “different but equally valid path” risk the Romans/Galatians baseline already flags for “false_gospel” in Thailand’s pluralistic religious culture.
stand_firm	στήκετε	stēkete	ยืนมั่นคง	yuen mankhong	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Medium	Firm, settled, doctrinally/morally unwavering posture; pairs with “traditions” as the doctrine’s two core terms.
command	παραγγέλλομεν	parangellomen	กำชับสั่งในพระนามของพระเยซูคริสต์	kamchap sang nai phra nam khong Phra Yesu Khrit	Standing Firm in the Traditions	High	Formal, external, binding apostolic directive issued in Christ’s authority; must be distinguished from Buddhist precepts (ศีล), which are self-undertaken individual vows rather than externally imposed, community-wide apostolic commands.
word_of_the_lord	ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου	ho logos tou kyriou	พระวจนะขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า	phra wotchana khong ong phra phu pen chao	Perseverance under Persecution (mission)	High	Reuses baseline “lord” term; names the gospel message whose unhindered spread Paul requests prayer for.
deliverance_from_evil_men	ῥύσηται	rhysētai	ทรงช่วยให้พ้น	song chuai hai phon	Perseverance under Persecution	Medium	Temporal, situational rescue from human opposition; must be kept distinct from ความรอด (final salvation) despite shared rescue-imagery.
walking_in_idleness_disorderly	περιπατοῦντος ἀτάκτως	peripatountos ataktōs	ดำเนินชีวิตอย่างเกียจคร้านไม่เป็นระเบียบ	damnoen chiwit yang kiat khran mai pen rabiap	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Medium	Must be scoped specifically to willful refusal to work within the believing community; must not be misapplied against Thai cultural norms of generosity toward the poor or toward those in vocational religious service (e.g., almsgiving, ตักบาตร).
busybodies	περιεργαζομένους	periergazomenous	ผู้ที่ยุ่งเรื่องคนอื่น	phu thi yung rueang khon uen	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Low	Standard vocabulary; minimal doctrinal risk.
imitate_the_apostolic_example	μιμεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς	mimeisthai hēmas	เอาเราเป็นแบบอย่าง	ao rao pen baep yang	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Low	Time-bound, concrete ethical example (self-supporting labor), not a lifelong devotional teacher-disciple bond as in the Thai อาจารย์-ศิษย์ relationship.
admonish_as_a_brother	νουθετεῖτε … ὡς ἀδελφόν	noutheteite … hōs adelphon	เตือนสติ…อย่างพี่น้อง	tuean sati … yang phi nong	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Medium	Firm but restorative, familial correction; must not be carried out in a way that causes irreversible public loss of face (เสียหน้า), which would work against its restorative intent.
withdraw_church_discipline	στέλλεσθαι	stellesthai	ถอนตัวออกจาก	thon tua ok chak	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Medium	Measured, purposeful, restoration-aimed church discipline, not permanent social ostracism or personally motivated shunning.
sign_of_authentic_letter	τὸ σημεῖον	to sēmeion	เครื่องหมายยืนยันความถูกต้อง	khreuang mai yuenyan khwam thuk tong	Standing Firm in the Traditions	Medium	Answers 2:2’s concern about forged letters; reinforces the doctrine’s concern for authentic transmission of apostolic teaching against counterfeit claims.

Term-Family Cross-References (see 07_semantic_analysis.md, “Cross-Chapter Term Families”)

energeia family: energeia_family_satan (2:9), strong_delusion (2:11), and “already at work” (2:7, not separately tabled — same root, tracked in semantic analysis).
anomia family: man_of_lawlessness, lawlessness, son_of_destruction (structurally, not root), lawless_one, mystery_of_lawlessness.
parousia/epiphaneia family: parousia_coming, epiphaneia_appearing, and baseline revelation (การทรงสำแดง, reused at 1:7).
righteousness/unrighteousness family: baseline righteousness (ความชอบธรรม) and new terms deception_of_unrighteousness, unrighteousness, righteous_repayment.
traditions family: traditions (verbatim-identical at 2:15 and 3:6), stand_firm, command.
faith/believe antonym family: baseline faith (ความเชื่อ), love_of_the_truth, believing_the_lie — same เชื่อ verb root required across the contrast.

This glossary is the Phase 1 Step 1 companion artifact to 07_semantic_analysis.md. All Part B entries are new-term candidates for translation_memory.json version increment and bible_term_registry.json/doctrine_risk_registry.json addition in Phase 2 setup. Part A entries must be loaded from the existing baseline files unchanged; this glossary does not redefine them.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Frames the letter’s greeting (1:2) and closing benediction (3:18). Never บุญ, กรรมดี, or บารมี.

God

Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Thessalonians, grammatical-subject status must be actively preserved at 1:6, 2:11, and 2:13, where Thai folk-religious impersonal-process vocabulary (กรรม, เวรกรรม) could otherwise silently displace God as personal agent.

Lord

Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เจ้านาย, ท่านผู้นำ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs over 20 times in this short letter, more densely than almost any other Pauline letter, including as the explicit agent who will ‘kill’ the lawless one (2:8) and who is ‘faithful’ (3:3). Must never read as an extension of Thai royal-address register or as commentary on political sovereignty.

Jesus

Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Established Thai Bible form, used throughout.

Christ

Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans/Galatians package, unchanged. Established Thai Bible form, used throughout.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Active in the ‘sanctification of the Spirit’ (2:13); must be kept distinct from the unqualified, false ‘spirit’ claim of 2:2 (a purported prophetic utterance, not the divine Spirit).

Salvation

Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Set as the direct antonym of ‘those who are perishing’ (2:10) and the goal of God’s choice (2:13); must remain a live antonym-pair with ผู้ที่กำลังพินาศ. Never การบรรลุนิพพาน.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: ความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: บุญกุศล, ความดี
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root underlying ‘it is righteous of God’ (1:6) and the negations ‘unrighteousness’ (2:10, 2:12). All negated forms must remain visibly built on this root, never drift toward the unrelated ความอธรรม (anomia) root.

Day Of The Lord

Approved rendering: วันขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: wan khong ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: วันสิ้นโลก (unqualified ‘doomsday’, detaches the event from Christ’s person), กัปสุดท้าย/การสิ้นกัป (Buddhist cyclical kalpa-ending)
Original: ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Core doctrine term (2:2). Must always retain องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า as explicit acting subject; must not be assimilated to Thai Buddhist-Brahmanic cyclical cosmology (kalpa decline/dissolution/renewal), which would read a linear, one-time, personal act as one more turn of an impersonal cosmic wheel.

Parousia Coming

Approved rendering: การเสด็จมา
Transliteration: kan sadet ma
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord / The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: downgrading to a non-honorific verb (มา) at 2:9, which would erase Paul’s deliberate parody
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Uses เสด็จ, Thailand’s highest royal/divine honorific verb of motion. Must be rendered IDENTICALLY for Christ’s genuine coming (1:7 functional equivalent, 2:1, 2:8) and the lawless one’s ironic counterfeit ‘coming’ (2:9) to preserve Paul’s deliberate literary parody. Mandatory translator note required at 2:9 flagging the reuse.

Man Of Lawlessness

Approved rendering: มนุษย์แห่งความอธรรม
Transliteration: manut haeng khwam a-tham
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: มาร/ปีศาจ (misidentifies as a spirit-being), คนบาป (far too weak, loses eschatological singularity)
Original: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The chief eschatological antagonist (2:3-4). ความอธรรม is built from ธรรม (dhamma), the foundational Buddhist category for cosmic/moral order; risks being heard as ‘one who departs from the Dhamma’ rather than personal rebellion against the one true God’s law. Must always be taught with explicit reference to God as lawgiver. Deliberate dark parody of the baseline’s Critical ‘son_of_god’ term.

Lawlessness

Approved rendering: ความอธรรม
Transliteration: khwam a-tham
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Root concept underlying man_of_lawlessness, mystery_of_lawlessness, and lawless_one (2:3, 2:7, 2:8). No non-ธรรม root exists in Thai for ‘lawlessness’ — an irreducible collision requiring mandatory doctrinal framing rather than lexical avoidance.

Son Of Destruction

Approved rendering: บุตรแห่งความพินาศ
Transliteration: but haeng khwam phinat
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: softened descriptive ‘troublesome person’
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Semitic destiny-idiom (2:3), deliberately structured as a dark parody of the baseline’s Critical พระบุตรของพระเจ้า (‘Son of God’). Must not be softened; names a person under God’s final judicial sentence.

Deception Of Unrighteousness

Approved rendering: การล่อลวงแห่งความไม่ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: kan lo luang haeng khwam mai chop tham
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: conflating with the unrelated ความอธรรม (anomia) root vocabulary
Original: ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας
Category: Judgment

NEW. ἀδικία is the direct grammatical negation of the baseline’s Critical δικαιοσύνη; must be rendered as the transparent negation ความไม่ชอบธรรม (2:10), preserving the doctrinal link to God’s Righteous Judgment.

Strong Delusion

Approved rendering: ความลุ่มหลงที่พระเจ้าทรงส่งมาลงโทษ
Transliteration: khwam lumlong thi Phra Chao song song ma long thot
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, เคราะห์กรรม, any shortened, more idiomatic paraphrase
Original: ἐνέργειαν πλάνης
Category: Judgment

NEW. The single highest Thai-specific risk term in the book (2:11). God (explicit subject, honorific ทรง) actively and judicially sends this in response to the prior rejection of truth (2:10). Must never be diluted into impersonal karmic misfortune/cause-and-effect. Resist all pressure in later editorial passes to compress this phrase; the verbosity is a doctrinal safeguard, not a stylistic defect.

Unrighteousness

Approved rendering: ความไม่ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: khwam mai chop tham
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: the unrelated ความอธรรม (anomia) root
Original: ἀδικία
Category: Judgment

NEW. Direct negation of the baseline’s Critical ความชอบธรรม (2:10, 2:12; underlying 1:6). Must be kept visibly connected to that root across every occurrence.

Righteous Repayment

Approved rendering: เป็นการยุติธรรมที่พระเจ้าจะทรงตอบแทน
Transliteration: pen kan yutitham thi Phra Chao ja song top thaen
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ทำดีได้ดี ทำชั่วได้ชั่ว (the folk maxim of karmic reciprocity), เวรกรรม
Original: δίκαιον … ἀνταποδοῦναι
Category: Judgment

NEW. God’s own righteous character requires this precise judicial reciprocity (1:6); must not collapse into the self-operating folk-Buddhist maxim. พระเจ้า must remain the explicit personal, deliberate agent.

Eternal Destruction

Approved rendering: ความพินาศนิรันดร์
Transliteration: khwam phinat nirandon
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: a temporary purgative-state framing, assimilation to อนิจจัง (impermanence) or rebirth, in which no state is ever truly final
Original: ὄλεθρον αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment

NEW. Final, unending, irreversible judicial destruction and separation from the Lord’s presence and glory (1:9). Same forbidden-substitution logic already applied to ‘resurrection,’ here applied in the judgment direction.

Traditions

Approved rendering: คำสอนที่ได้รับสืบทอด
Transliteration: kham son thi dai rap suepthot
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: ประเพณี (denotes negotiable cultural/folk custom: Songkran, ordination customs, merit-making customs)
Original: παραδόσεις
Category: Church

NEW. Core doctrine term. MUST be verbatim-identical at 2:15 and 3:6. Never ประเพณี, which would silently downgrade Paul’s binding apostolic doctrine to the same optional-custom category the baseline flags as a risk for ‘false_gospel’ in Thailand’s pluralistic religious culture. Any substitution of ประเพณี in any draft is an automatic Critical-tier flag.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khao prasoet
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ข่าวดี
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Thessalonians, the specific message some ‘do not obey’ (1:8) and through which believers are ‘called’ (2:14); never a generic pleasant announcement or one teaching among several in Thailand’s pluralistic religious marketplace.

Father

Approved rendering: พระบิดา
Transliteration: Phra Bida
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: พ่อขุน
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs in the letter’s greeting (1:1-2) and in 2:16’s benediction.

Called

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก
Transliteration: phu thi song riak
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ผู้ที่ได้รับเชิญ
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Active in ‘worthy of his calling’ (1:11) and ‘he called you through our gospel’ (2:14). Never โชคชะตา.

Calling

Approved rendering: การทรงเรียก
Transliteration: kan song riak
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Noun form of God’s summons at 1:11. Never โชคชะตา/เวรกรรม.

Election

Approved rendering: การทรงเลือก
Transliteration: kan song lueak
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม
Original: εἵλατο (root ἐκλογή)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. God’s sovereign prior choice of believers (2:13), structured as the deliberate positive counterpart to the delusion pronounced on unbelievers in 2:10-12; must never read as arbitrary favoritism or comparative merit.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: kan song chamra hai borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: การชำระบาปด้วยตนเอง
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The Spirit’s sanctifying work as the means by which God’s choice is realized in believers (2:13).

Power Of God

Approved rendering: ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: rit det khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: อำนาจศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของวัตถุมงคล
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. God’s power fulfilling every resolve for good in believers (1:11); deliberately counterfeited by the lawless one’s ‘power’ at 2:9 (see lying_signs_and_wonders) — the shared root must be visible, but the counterfeit occurrence must always carry แห่งความเท็จ and never the divine honorific ทรง-.

Glory

Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: บารมี
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. God’s radiance and honor, from which the lawless one’s followers are excluded (1:9) and in which believers will share (1:12, 2:14). Never บารมี.

Law

Approved rendering: ธรรมบัญญัติ
Transliteration: tham banyat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: พระธรรมวินัย
Original: νόμος (root of ἀνομία)
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Positive root underlying the negated ἀνομία (‘lawlessness’) word-family that structures the man_of_lawlessness terminology in this letter (2:3, 2:7, 2:8); the negated forms are separate new entries below but must remain visibly built on the same underlying concept of God’s revealed moral order, not cosmic dharma.

Obey The Gospel

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่ไม่เชื่อฟังข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: phu thi mai cheuafang khao prasoet
Doctrine: Obedience to the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: general religious non-observance, failure to keep precepts (ศีล)
Original: τοῖς μὴ ὑπακούουσιν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ
Category: Judgment

NEW. Culpable, personal refusal of the specific gospel proclamation about Christ, cited as grounds for God’s righteous judgment (1:8). Distinct from the baseline’s ‘obedience_of_faith’ construction. Must not be softened into general religious non-observance in Thailand’s pluralistic religious culture.

Epiphaneia Appearing

Approved rendering: การปรากฏ
Transliteration: kan prakot
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Paired with parousia_coming at 2:8 to intensify certainty/visibility of Christ’s return. Must remain visibly distinct from, yet linked to, การเสด็จมา so Paul’s doubled emphasis is not flattened into a single phrase.

Apostasy Rebellion

Approved rendering: การกบฏละทิ้งความเชื่อ
Transliteration: kan kabot lathing khwam cheua
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord / The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: กบฏ (politically loaded rebellion/coup term), ลาสิกขา (a monk’s routine, non-scandalous disrobing)
Original: ἀποστασία
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The great end-times falling-away from true faith preceding the lawless one’s revealing (2:3). Names a decisive, climactic, corporate abandonment of the true God, not a private lifestyle change or political act.

Lawless One

Approved rendering: ผู้อธรรม
Transliteration: phu a-tham
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἄνομος
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Shorthand designation reusing the anomia root at 2:8; must be visibly built on the same ความอธรรม root as man_of_lawlessness/mystery_of_lawlessness so the recurring theme is traceable across vv. 3, 7, 8, 9.

Mystery Of Lawlessness

Approved rendering: ความล้ำลึกแห่งความอธรรม
Transliteration: khwam lam luek haeng khwam a-tham
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ไสยศาสตร์ (occult magical arts), ปริศนาธรรม (pedagogical Buddhist dharma riddles)
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Lawlessness already covertly active in the world (2:7). Names a hidden, presently-active spiritual-moral reality under God’s sovereign timetable, not an occult secret or a teaching puzzle.

The Restrainer

Approved rendering: สิ่งที่ยับยั้งอยู่ / ผู้ที่ยับยั้งอยู่
Transliteration: sing thi yabyang yu / phu thi yabyang yu
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: resolving the disputed referent (Holy Spirit / Roman rule of law / an angelic power) by naming it directly in the translated text
Original: τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The neuter τὸ κατέχον (2:6) and masculine ὁ κατέχων (2:7) forms must be preserved distinctly (สิ่งที่…/ผู้ที่…) rather than harmonized, leaving identification of the genuinely disputed referent to teaching notes, not the translation itself.

His Own Appointed Time

Approved rendering: ตามเวลาที่ทรงกำหนด
Transliteration: tam wela thi song kamnot
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness / God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ฤกษ์งามยามดี (astrologically auspicious moment determined by horoscope)
Original: ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ καιρῷ
Category: God

NEW. God’s sovereignly appointed moment for the lawless one’s revealing (2:6). Same doctrinal family as the baseline’s ‘providence’ and Galatians’ ‘fullness_of_time’.

Energeia Satan

Approved rendering: ตามการกระทำของซาตาน
Transliteration: tam kan kratham khong satan
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: applying the divine honorific ทรง- to Satan’s own activity
Original: κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Satan’s active, purposeful empowering of the lawless one (2:9). Must never receive ทรง-, reserved for God’s own action; Satan’s activity is permitted-but-subordinate, never equal to divine power.

Satan

Approved rendering: ซาตาน
Transliteration: Satan
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ผี (generic folk ghost/spirit), มาร (Buddhist Māra, the Buddha’s tempter-figure)
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Established Thai Christian transliteration; no prior Romans/Galatians baseline entry, so this curriculum establishes one. Must not be confused with generic Thai folk-demonic categories in either direction — neither elevating a folk-spirit concept to Satan’s unique status nor diminishing Satan to a folk-ghost category.

Lying Signs And Wonders

Approved rendering: หมายสำคัญและการอัศจรรย์แห่งความเท็จ
Transliteration: mai samkhan lae kan atsajan haeng khwam thet
Doctrine: Satan’s Counterfeit Power and Deception
Rejected alternatives: dropping the แห่งความเท็จ qualifier, which would read as approval of impressive miracles
Original: πάσῃ δυνάμει καὶ σημείοις καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Deliberately echoes and counterfeits the ฤทธิ์เดช root used for God’s own power (2:9). แห่งความเท็จ must never be dropped, especially given that miraculous power (ฤทธิ์) is a positive credibility marker in Thai religious life (monks, mediums, amulets).

Those Perishing

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่กำลังพินาศ
Transliteration: phu thi kamlang phinat
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: softened ‘those who are struggling/lost’ in a merely relational sense
Original: οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι
Category: Judgment

NEW. Direct antonym-pairing with the baseline’s Critical ความรอด (salvation) at 2:10; must remain a live contrast pair.

Love Of The Truth

Approved rendering: ความรักในความจริง
Transliteration: khwam rak nai khwam jing
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: τὴν ἀγάπην τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Judgment

NEW. The saving, decisive reception of God’s truth withheld by the condemned (2:10); paired against believing_the_lie as a direct contrast.

Believing The Lie

Approved rendering: เชื่อในความเท็จ
Transliteration: cheua nai khwam thet
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: an unrelated verb that would obscure the เชื่อ-root parallel with faith
Original: πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει
Category: Judgment

NEW. Must retain the same เชื่อ verb root used for the baseline’s ความเชื่อ (‘faith’) so the deliberate structural contrast — belief aimed at Christ versus belief aimed at falsehood (2:11) — remains visible.

Judged Condemned

Approved rendering: ถูกพิพากษาลงโทษ
Transliteration: thuk phiphaksa long thot
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: an impersonal karmic reckoning
Original: ἵνα κριθῶσιν
Category: Judgment

NEW. God’s forensic, judicial condemnation (2:12) — the inversion of the baseline’s ‘justification’ forensic-declaration family. Must be God’s own personal verdict.

Persecutions And Afflictions

Approved rendering: การถูกข่มเหงและความยากลำบาก
Transliteration: kan thuk khomhen lae khwam yak lambak
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: assimilation to the general Buddhist ontological category ทุกข์ (dukkha)
Original: διωγμοί καὶ θλίψεις
Category: Ethics

NEW. Concrete, externally-inflicted hostility endured in hope of a specific future divine reversal (1:4); must not be generalized into the inherent-unsatisfactoriness-of-existence frame.

Perseverance Endurance

Approved rendering: ความอดทน
Transliteration: khwam otthan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: ขันติ (khanti, a self-cultivated Buddhist pāramī accumulated toward personal liberation)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Ethics

NEW. Central doctrine term (1:4). Must be understood as hope-in-Christ-sustained, Spirit-empowered endurance oriented to Christ’s certain future vindication (1:5, 7), always co-occurring with explicit hope/Christ-language in context, never left doctrinally unanchored. ขันติ forbidden even in spoken teaching elaboration.

Vengeance Retribution

Approved rendering: การลงโทษอันชอบธรรม
Transliteration: kan long thot an chop tham
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: การแก้แทน (connotes personal vendetta, อาฆาตแก้แหน)
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment

NEW. God’s judicial retribution against those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel (1:8); must read as judicial, not vindictive-personal, and never as impersonal karmic retribution.

Worthy Of Calling

Approved rendering: ทรงให้ท่านสมกับการทรงเรียก
Transliteration: song hai than som kap kan song riak
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: สมควร (bare adjective, drops the divine-agency marker), บุญ-based merit worthiness
Original: ἀξιώσῃ τῆς κλήσεως
Category: Salvation

NEW. God’s own gracious act of counting/making believers worthy of his calling, worked in the believer (1:11), never a status earned through accumulated merit. Reuses baseline ‘calling’ term exactly.

Command

Approved rendering: กำชับสั่งในพระนามของพระเยซูคริสต์
Transliteration: kamchap sang nai phra nam khong Phra Yesu Khrit
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Command
Rejected alternatives: ศีล (self-undertaken Buddhist precepts adopted voluntarily for personal spiritual progress)
Original: παραγγέλλομεν
Category: Church

NEW. A formal, authoritative apostolic directive issued in Christ’s own authority (3:6, 3:12), addressed to the whole community — externally binding, not an individually adopted discipline.

Word Of The Lord

Approved rendering: พระวจนะขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: phra wotchana khong ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Church

NEW. The gospel message whose unhindered spread Paul requests prayer for (3:1). Reuses baseline ‘lord’ term exactly.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: สันติสุข
Transliteration: santisuk
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ความสงบทางใจ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:2 and in the ‘Lord of peace’ benediction at 3:16.

Faith

Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Described as ‘growing abundantly’ (1:3) and noted as not universal (‘not all have faith,’ 3:2). The same เชื่อ root is reused antonymously in ‘believing the lie’ (2:11) — see that entry.

Church

Approved rendering: คริสตจักร
Transliteration: khritsatchak
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: วัด
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The congregation at Thessalonica (1:1). Never วัด.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phaendin khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: อาณาจักรของพระเจ้า
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The kingdom for which the Thessalonians suffer and will be counted worthy (1:5).

Revelation

Approved rendering: การทรงสำแดง
Transliteration: kan song samdaeng
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship / Christ’s Glorious Return
Rejected alternatives: นิมิตของหมอดู
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans/Galatians package, unchanged. In 2 Thessalonians names Christ’s future public unveiling (1:7), functionally identical in referent to parousia_coming (2:1, 2:8-9) and epiphaneia_appearing (2:8); teach as the same single future event despite different Thai vocabulary.

Gathering Together

Approved rendering: การรวบรวมเข้าไว้กับพระองค์
Transliteration: kan ruapruam khao wai kap phra ong
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Eschatology

NEW. The final eschatological assembling of believers to Christ at his return (2:1). Must not read as ordinary weekly church attendance; keep distinguished from คริสตจักร gathering language.

Took Pleasure In

Approved rendering: ยินดีในความไม่ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: yindi nai khwam mai chop tham
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: εὐδοκήσαντες
Category: Judgment

NEW. Establishes the justice of the judgment (2:12): active, willing preference for unrighteousness, not passive deception against one’s will.

Love Growing

Approved rendering: ความรัก
Transliteration: khwam rak
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: เมตตา (mettā), กรุณา (karuṇā)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics

NEW. Committed, particular, covenantal love among believers, growing as evidence of the Spirit’s work (1:3); must not be replaced by the detached, universally-extended, meditatively-cultivated Buddhist brahmavihāra terms.

Stand Firm

Approved rendering: ยืนมั่นคง
Transliteration: yuen mankhong
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στήκετε
Category: Church

NEW. Firm, settled, doctrinally/morally unwavering posture commanded at 2:15; pairs with ‘traditions’ as the doctrine’s two core terms.

Deliverance From Evil Men

Approved rendering: ทรงช่วยให้พ้น
Transliteration: song chuai hai phon
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: conflating with ความรอด, final eschatological salvation
Original: ῥύσηται
Category: Ethics

NEW. Temporal, situational rescue from wicked and evil opponents (3:2); must be kept distinct from final salvation despite shared rescue-imagery.

Walking In Idleness Disorderly

Approved rendering: ดำเนินชีวิตอย่างเกียจคร้านไม่เป็นระเบียบ
Transliteration: damnoen chiwit yang kiat khran mai pen rabiap
Doctrine: Work, Provision, and Good Order in the Church
Original: περιπατοῦντος ἀτάκτως
Category: Ethics

NEW. Refusing to work while capable, living off others’ generosity in breach of communal order (3:6, 3:11). Must be scoped to willful refusal to work within the believing community, not misapplied against Thai norms of generosity toward the poor or toward those in vocational religious service (ตักบาตร).

Admonish As A Brother

Approved rendering: เตือนสติ…อย่างพี่น้อง
Transliteration: tuean sati … yang phi nong
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Restoration
Original: νουθετεῖτε … ὡς ἀδελφόν
Category: Church

NEW. Firm but relational, restorative correction (3:15). Must not be carried out in a way causing irreversible public loss of face (เสียหน้า), which would work against its explicitly restorative intent.

Withdraw Church Discipline

Approved rendering: ถอนตัวออกจาก
Transliteration: thon tua ok chak
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Restoration
Original: στέλλεσθαι
Category: Church

NEW. Measured, purposeful, temporary distancing for correction (3:6, 3:14). Must be framed as redemptive discipline aimed at repentance, not permanent social ostracism or personally motivated shunning.

Sign Of Authentic Letter

Approved rendering: เครื่องหมายยืนยันความถูกต้อง
Transliteration: khreuang mai yuenyan khwam thuk tong
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: τὸ σημεῖον
Category: Church

NEW. Paul’s handwritten greeting as verification against forged letters (3:17); answers 2:2’s concern about false letters, reinforcing concern for authentic transmission against counterfeit apostolic claims.

Angels

Approved rendering: ทูตสวรรค์
Transliteration: thut sawan
Doctrine: Christ’s Glorious Return and the Gathering of Believers
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา (the Buddhist-Hindu deva term, already forbidden as a substitute for ‘God’ in the baseline)
Original: ἄγγελοι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Christ’s mighty angels accompanying his revealing in judgment (1:7); created, personal, obedient servants of the one true God, not one class of many minor deities in Buddhist-Brahmanic cosmology.

Faithful Is The Lord

Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าทรงสัตย์ซื่อ
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao song sat sue
Doctrine: Assurance through God’s Faithfulness
Rejected alternatives: a general assurance of good fortune akin to protective amulets or chants (คาถาอาคม)
Original: πιστός δέ ἐστιν ὁ κύριος
Category: God

NEW. The Lord’s own faithful, reliable character as grounds for believers’ assurance and protection (3:3); must remain personal and relational.

Guard From Evil

Approved rendering: ทรงป้องกันให้พ้นจากความชั่วร้าย
Transliteration: song pongkan hai phon chak khwam chua rai
Doctrine: Assurance through God’s Faithfulness
Rejected alternatives: an impersonal or magical warding-off comparable to protective amulets
Original: φυλάξει ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ
Category: God

NEW. The Lord’s personal protection of believers from the evil one (3:3); must be read as personal, purposive protection.

Steadfastness Of Christ

Approved rendering: ความอดทนของพระคริสต์
Transliteration: khwam otthan khong Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: ขันติ
Original: τὴν ὑπομονὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Ethics

NEW. Christ’s own steadfast endurance, into which believers’ hearts are directed (3:5); reinforces that believers’ endurance is derivative of and modeled on Christ, not a self-cultivated virtue.

Eternal Comfort And Good Hope

Approved rendering: การหนุนใจอันเป็นนิตย์และความหวังอันดี
Transliteration: kan nun jai an pen nit lae khwam wang an di
Doctrine: Assurance through God’s Faithfulness
Rejected alternatives: โชคดี (a general wish for good fortune)
Original: παράκλησιν αἰωνίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα ἀγαθήν
Category: Salvation

NEW. Eternal comfort and good hope received by grace (2:16); must remain grounded in grace received from God and Christ, not a self-generated positive outlook.

Evidence Of Righteous Judgment

Approved rendering: หลักฐานแห่งการพิพากษาอันชอบธรรมของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: lak than haeng kan phiphaksa an chop tham khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἔνδειγμα τῆς δικαίας κρίσεως τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment

NEW. The Thessalonians’ perseverance under persecution as visible proof that God’s judgment is righteous (1:5); must retain the personal-judicial link between present endurance and future divine verdict, not a generic ‘things will work out’ reading.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: การขอบพระคุณ
Transliteration: kan khop phra khun
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστεῖν
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:3 and 2:13.

Exhort

Approved rendering: หนุนใจ
Transliteration: nun jai
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 2:17, 3:12.

Busybodies

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่ยุ่งเรื่องคนอื่น
Transliteration: phu thi yung rueang khon uen
Doctrine: Work, Provision, and Good Order in the Church
Original: περιεργαζομένους
Category: Ethics

NEW. Idle meddling in others’ affairs in place of one’s own honest work (3:11). Standard vocabulary, minimal doctrinal risk.

Imitate The Apostolic Example

Approved rendering: เอาเราเป็นแบบอย่าง
Transliteration: ao rao pen baep yang
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: vocabulary implying a lifelong devotional teacher-disciple bond (อาจารย์-ศิษย์)
Original: μιμεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς
Category: Ethics

NEW. Paul’s self-supporting labor as a concrete, time-bound pattern (3:7-9), not an enduring devotional master-disciple relationship.

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