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Core Glossary

Core Glossary — 2 Timothy (English → Thai)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by chapter of first occurrence. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] repeat the exact Romans/Galatians Language Package rendering and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed here for the first time for 2 Timothy and require theologian sign-off before entering translation_memory.json for Phase 2, per the priority order and escalation rules of the existing 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:

  • Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.
  • High — significant theological confusion/syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
  • Medium — reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
  • Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.

Chapter 1

Term (English)Original (Greek)TransliterationThai RenderingStatusRiskDoctrineNotes
apostleἀπόστολοςapostolosอัครทูตBASELINE REUSEMediumApostleship / Faithful TransmissionReused exactly.
will of Godθέλημα θεοῦthelēma theouพระประสงค์ของพระเจ้าNEWMediumProvidencePersonal divine purpose, not fate.
promise (of life)ἐπαγγελίαepangeliaพระสัญญาBASELINE REUSEHighAbrahamic Covenant / AssuranceExtended to “promise of life.”
graceχάριςcharisพระคุณBASELINE REUSECriticalGraceNever บุญ/กรรมดี/บารมี.
mercyἔλεοςeleosพระกรุณา / ความเมตตาNEWMediumGrace (adjacent)Distinguish from paternalistic social mercy.
peaceεἰρήνηeirēnēสันติสุขBASELINE REUSEMediumPeace with GodReused exactly.
sincere/unfeigned faithἀνυπόκριτος πίστιςanypokritos pistisความเชื่อที่จริงใจNEWLow-MediumFaithful TransmissionBuilt on baseline ความเชื่อ.
gift of Godχάρισμα (τοῦ θεοῦ)charismaของประทานจากพระเจ้าNEWMediumSpiritual Gifts (adjacent)Individual enablement via laying on of hands.
spirit of power, love, self-controlπνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦpneuma dynameōs kai agapēs kai sōphronismouจิตใจแห่งฤทธิ์เดช ความรัก และการรู้จักบังคับตนเองNEWMedium-HighPerseveranceUse จิตใจ not วิญญาณ to avoid Holy Spirit confusion; flag for theologian confirmation of exegesis.
be ashamedἐπαισχύνομαιepaischynomaiอับอาย / ละอายNEWHighPerseverance under SufferingHonor-shame dynamics; must not be softened.
holy callingκλῆσις ἁγίαklēsis hagiaการทรงเรียกอันบริสุทธิ์BASELINE REUSEHighDivine Calling / SainthoodCombines existing calling + holy entries.
purpose (God’s own)πρόθεσιςprothesisพระประสงค์ของพระองค์เองNEWHighProvidence / ElectionNever เวรกรรม/โชคชะตา.
incarnation (first appearing)ἐπιφάνεια (1:10)epiphaneiaการทรงบังเกิดเป็นมนุษย์BASELINE REUSECriticalIncarnationNever อวตาร.
abolished deathκαταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατονkatargēsantos ton thanatonทรงทำลายฤทธิ์อำนาจของความตายNEWMediumResurrection (adjacent)Standard.
life and immortalityζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσίαzōē kai aphtharsiaชีวิตที่ไม่มีวันเสื่อมสลายNEWHighResurrection / AssuranceNEVER bare อมตะ alone — collides with Nibbāna as “the Deathless.” Always pair with ชีวิต.
herald / teacherκήρυξ / διδάσκαλοςkēryx / didaskalosผู้ประกาศ / ผู้สอนNEWMediumCharge to PreachPaired with baseline apostle.
deposit entrustedπαραθήκηparathekeสิ่งที่ทรงมอบไว้ให้รักษาNEWHighFaithful Transmission of the GospelNever conflated with merit-transfer (กรวดน้ำ).
pattern of sound wordsὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγωνhypotypōsis hygiainontōn logōnแบบอย่างของคำสอนที่ถูกต้องNEWHighGuarding Sound DoctrineLinked to sound_doctrine entry (ch. 4).
Holy SpiritΠνεῦμα ἍγιονPneuma Hagionพระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์BASELINE REUSECriticalSanctificationNever วิญญาณ alone or ผี.
Phygelus, HermogenesΦύγελος, ἙρμογένηςPhygelos, Hermogenēsฟีเจลัส, เฮอร์โมเกเนสNEWLowApostasy (example)Proper names.
OnesiphorusὈνησίφοροςOnēsiphorosโอเนสิโฟรัสNEWLowFaithful Transmission (example)Proper name.
Lois, EuniceΛωΐς, ΕὐνίκηLōis, Eunikēโลอิส, ยูนีเคNEWLowFaithful Transmission (example)Proper names.

Chapter 2

Term (English)Original (Greek)TransliterationThai RenderingStatusRiskDoctrineNotes
strengthened in graceἐνδυναμοῦ ἐν τῇ χάριτιendynamou en tē charitiจงเข้มแข็งขึ้นโดยพระคุณNEWMediumPerseverance / Graceἐνδυναμόω recurs at 4:17.
faithful menπιστοῖς ἀνθρώποιςpistois anthrōpoisคนที่ไว้วางใจได้ / ผู้สัตย์ซื่อNEWMedium-HighFaithful Transmission of the Gospel2:2’s transmission chain.
soldier / athlete / farmerστρατιώτης / ἀθλητής / γεωργόςstratiōtēs / athlētēs / geōrgosทหาร / นักกีฬา / ชาวนาNEWLow-MediumPerseverance under SufferingEndurance metaphors.
endure hardship (as soldier)κακοπαθέωkakopatheōอดทนต่อความยากลำบากNEWHighPerseverance under SufferingNever ทนทุกข์ (dukkha collision).
seed of Davidσπέρμα Δαυίδsperma Dauidเชื้อสายของดาวิดBASELINE REUSEHighDavidic CovenantExact reuse, 2:8.
resurrection (of Christ)ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶνegēgermenon ek nekrōnการเป็นขึ้นจากตายBASELINE REUSECriticalResurrection of ChristNever การเกิดใหม่.
word of God not boundὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεταιho logos tou theou ou dedetaiพระวจนะของพระเจ้าไม่ถูกล่ามโซ่ไว้NEWMediumCharge to Preach the WordContrasts Paul’s chains.
endure for the electὑπομένω / ἐκλεκτοίhypomenō / eklektoiอดทน / ผู้ที่พระเจ้าทรงเลือกBASELINE REUSE (eklektoi) / NEW (hypomenō)Medium / HighPerseverance / ElectionElection reused exactly.
faithful is the sayingπιστὸς ὁ λόγοςpistos ho logosคำนี้เป็นคำที่เชื่อถือได้NEWMediumGuarding Sound DoctrineCreedal formula marker.
died/live with him; deny/faithless2:11-13 quatrainsynapothnēskō/synzaō/arneomai/apisteō(quatrain, rendered as unit)NEWHighAssurance / PerseverancePreserve unresolved tension of 4th line; theologian review.
wrangle about wordsλογομαχεῖνlogomacheinการโต้เถียงกันด้วยคำพูดNEWLow-MediumGuarding Sound DoctrineContrast to 2:15.
rightly handling the word of truthὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείαςorthotomounta ton logon tēs alētheiasสอนพระวจนะแห่งความจริงอย่างถูกต้องNEWHighGuarding Sound DoctrineTitle methodological term.
approved / unashamed workerδόκιμος / ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντονdokimos / ergatēn anepaischyntonเป็นที่พอพระทัย / ผู้ทำงานที่ไม่ต้องอับอายNEWLow-MediumGuarding Sound DoctrineStandard.
gangrene (of false teaching)γάγγραιναgangrainaเนื้อร้าย / แผลเน่าNEWMediumApostasy / Guarding Sound DoctrineMedical metaphor, pairs with “sound doctrine.”
Hymenaeus, PhiletusὙμέναιος, ΦίλητοςHymenaios, Philētosฮีเมเนอัส, ฟีเลตัสNEWLowApostasy (example)Proper names.
”resurrection already happened” (false teaching)ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναιanastasin ēdē gegonenai(named as false teaching)NEWCRITICALResurrection / ApostasyMust read unmistakably as condemned error, not doctrine; mandatory theologian review.
sealσφραγίςsphragisตราประทับNEWMediumAssuranceOwnership/authentication image.
vessel for honor/dishonorσκεῦος εἰς τιμήν/ἀτιμίανskeuos eis timēn/atimianภาชนะสำหรับใช้อย่างมีเกียรติ/ไม่มีเกียรติNEWMediumGuarding Sound DoctrineStandard image.
pursue righteousness, faith, love, peaceδίκαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνηνdikaiosynēn, pistin, agapēn, eirēnēnความชอบธรรม, ความเชื่อ, ความรัก, สันติสุขBASELINE REUSE (3 of 4) / NEW (agapē)Critical/Medium/Low/MediumMultipleความรัก newly logged, low risk.
God-granted repentanceμετάνοια (δώῃ ὁ θεός)metanoiaการกลับใจNEWMedium-HighApostasy / GraceRepentance as gift, not self-produced remorse.
the devil’s snareδιάβολος / παγίςdiabolos / pagisมาร / บ่วงแร้วNEWHIGHApostasy and False Teachersมาร collides with Buddhist Māra mythology; requires translator note distinguishing defeated personal enemy from self-overcome inner obstacle.

Chapter 3 (non-core: 3:1-13; see Part 1 of 07_semantic_analysis.md for 3:14-17)

Term (English)Original (Greek)TransliterationThai RenderingStatusRiskDoctrineNotes
last daysἔσχαται ἡμέραιeschatai hēmeraiวาระสุดท้าย / ยุคสุดท้ายNEWHighApostasy and False Teachers in the Last DaysLinear salvation history, never cyclical world-ages.
difficult timesκαιροὶ χαλεποίkairoi chalepoiสภาวการณ์ที่ยากลำบากNEWLow-MediumApostasyStandard.
vice catalogue (3:2-5)φίλαυτοι κτλ.philautoi ktl.หลงตัวเอง, รักเงิน, อวดดี ฯลฯNEWMedium (block)Apostasy and False TeachersPlain moral vocabulary; avoid technical Buddhist ethical terms.
form of godliness, denying its powerμόρφωσις εὐσεβείας… δύναμιν ἠρνημένοιmorphōsis eusebeias… dynamin ērnēmenoiมีรูปลักษณ์ภายนอกของความยำเกรงพระเจ้า แต่ปฏิเสธฤทธิ์เดชของทางนั้นNEWHighApostasy / Guarding Sound DoctrineFrame as counterfeit Christian profession, not general critique of another tradition.
godlinessεὐσέβειαeusebeiaความยำเกรงพระเจ้าNEWMediumGuarding Sound Doctrine (adjacent)Standard Thai Christian phrase.
knowledge of the truthἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείαςepignōsis alētheiasความรู้ในความจริงอย่างครบถ้วนNEWMediumInspiration/Sufficiency (adjacent)Revealed knowledge, not self-attained ปัญญา.
Jannes, JambresἸαννῆς, ἸαμβρῆςIannēs, Iambrēsยันเนส, ยัมเบรสNEWLowApostasy (example)Proper names.
disqualified concerning the faithἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστινadokimoi peri tēn pistinถูกปฏิเสธในเรื่องความเชื่อNEWLow-MediumApostasyBuilt on baseline faith.
impostors/sorcerersγόητεςgoētesผู้ล่อลวงNEWMediumApostasy and False TeachersAvoid หมอผี; do not dignify occult power as real.
persecutionsδιωγμοίdiōgmoiการถูกข่มเหงNEWMediumPerseverance under SufferingUniversal expectation, 3:12.
rescued (from persecution)ἐρρύσατο (ῥύομαι)errysatoทรงช่วยกู้ / ทรงช่วยให้พ้นNEWMediumPerseverance under SufferingDistinct from ความรอด (eternal salvation).

Chapter 3 core-passage terms and Chapter 4 core-passage terms (3:14-4:5)

(Full verse-by-verse treatment in 07_semantic_analysis.md, Part 1. Consolidated here.)

Term (English)Original (Greek)TransliterationThai RenderingStatusRiskDoctrineNotes
remain/continue in what you learnedμένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθεςmene en hois emathesจงยึดมั่นอยู่ใน…ที่ได้เรียนรู้NEWMediumGuarding Sound DoctrineActive perseverance in received teaching.
assured/convincedἐπιστώθηςepistōthēsได้เชื่อมั่นอย่างแน่ใจNEWMediumFaith (adjacent)Cognate with faith root.
sacred writingsἱερὰ γράμματαhiera grammataพระคัมภีร์อันศักดิ์สิทธิ์NEWHighInspiration and Sufficiency of Scriptureศักดิ์สิทธิ์ appropriate for text-object but must avoid amulet/talisman framing.
Scriptureγραφήgraphēพระคัมภีร์NEWMediumInspiration and Sufficiency of ScriptureEstablished general term.
God-breathedθεόπνευστοςtheopneustosได้รับการดลใจจากพระเจ้าNEWCRITICALInspiration and Sufficiency of ScriptureNever spirit-medium/trance-channeling (ร่างทรง) framing; God’s direct agency must stay explicit.
teaching/doctrineδιδασκαλίαdidaskaliaคำสอนNEWMediumGuarding Sound DoctrineBase noun; see also sound_doctrine below.
reproofἔλεγχοςelegchosการตักเตือนNEWLow-MediumGuarding Sound DoctrineStandard.
correctionἐπανόρθωσιςepanorthōsisการแก้ไขให้ถูกต้องNEWLow-MediumGuarding Sound DoctrineStandard.
training in righteousnessπαιδεία …ἐν δικαιοσύνῃpaideia en dikaiosynēการอบรมสั่งสอนในความชอบธรรมNEWLow-MediumGuarding Sound Doctrineδικαιοσύνη baseline reuse.
complete, equippedἄρτιος / ἐξηρτισμένοςartios / exartismenosมีความพร้อมครบถ้วน / ได้รับการเตรียมพร้อมอย่างครบถ้วนNEWHighInspiration and Sufficiency of ScriptureMust not soften exclusive sufficiency into “one helpful source among several.”
solemnly chargeΔιαμαρτύρομαιdiamartyromaiข้าพเจ้าขอกำชับท่านต่อพระพักตร์พระเจ้าNEWHighThe Charge to Preach the WordSworn covenantal weight, not casual advice.
judge the living and the deadκρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούςkrinein zōntas kai nekrousผู้พิพากษาคนเป็นและคนตายNEWMediumAssurance of Reward (adjacent)See also righteous_judge, ch. 4.
appearing (2nd/eschatological)ἐπιφάνεια (4:1, 4:8)epiphaneiaการเสด็จมาปรากฏของพระองค์NEWCRITICALThe Charge to Preach the Word / AssuranceNever conflated with cyclical Maitreya-Buddha expectation.
preach the wordκήρυξον τὸν λόγονkēryxon ton logonจงประกาศพระวจนะNEWHIGHThe Charge to Preach the WordNever เทศนา as primary verb (dharma-talk collision).
the wordλόγοςlogosพระวจนะNEWMediumThe Charge to Preach the WordFixed, specific referent.
in season/out of seasonεὐκαίρως ἀκαίρωςeukairōs akairōsทุกเวลา ทั้งขณะที่สะดวกและไม่สะดวกNEWLow-MediumThe Charge to Preach the WordPlain-meaning idiom handling.
reprove, rebuke, exhortἔλεγξον, ἐπιτίμησον, παρακάλεσονelegxon, epitimēson, parakalesonตักเตือน, ห้ามปราม, หนุนใจ/วิงวอนNEW (2) / BASELINE REUSE (exhort)MediumThe Charge to Preach the WordEscalating triad must stay distinct.
patienceμακροθυμίαmakrothymiaความอดกลั้นใจNEWLowThe Charge to Preach the WordStandard.
sound doctrineὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλίαhygiainousa didaskaliaคำสอนที่ถูกต้องNEWHIGHGuarding Sound DoctrineNever conflated with self-attained สัมมาทิฏฐิ (Right View).
desires (own)ἐπιθυμίαιepithymiaiความต้องการของตนเองNEWLow-MediumApostasyAvoid ตัณหา as primary gloss (Second Noble Truth collision).
itching ears (idiom)κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήνknēthomenoi tēn akoēnอยากได้ยินแต่สิ่งที่เพราะหูNEWMediumApostasy and False TeachersNo natural Thai idiom; render meaning plainly.
truthἀλήθειαalētheiaความจริงNEWLow-MediumGuarding Sound DoctrineFixed, objective content.
mythsμῦθοιmythoiเรื่องนิยาย / นิทานที่ไม่จริงNEWLowApostasy and False TeachersNot a blanket dismissal of story-traditions generally.
be sober-mindedνῆφεnēpheจงมีใจสงบและตื่นตัวNEWLow-MediumApostasy / PerseveranceNot meditative calm (ความสงบทางใจ).
endure sufferingκακοπάθησονkakopathēsonจงอดทนต่อความยากลำบากNEWHIGHPerseverance under SufferingNever ทนทุกข์ (dukkha collision); reuse of ch. 2 entry.
work of an evangelistἔργον … εὐαγγελιστοῦergon euangelistouหน้าที่ของผู้ประกาศข่าวประเสริฐNEWLow-MediumThe Charge to Preach the WordBuilt on baseline gospel (ข่าวประเสริฐ).
fulfill your ministryτὴν διακονίαν … πληροφόρησονtēn diakonian plērophorēsonจงกระทำหน้าที่การรับใช้ให้สำเร็จครบถ้วนNEWLow-MediumThe Charge to Preach the WordStandard.

Chapter 4 (non-core: 4:6-22)

Term (English)Original (Greek)TransliterationThai RenderingStatusRiskDoctrineNotes
poured out (libation)σπένδομαιspendomaiชีวิตของข้าพเจ้ากำลังถูกถวายออกไปเหมือนเครื่องบูชาที่เทออกNEWHighPerseverance under SufferingDistinguish from Thai กรวดน้ำ merit-transfer ritual.
my departureἀνάλυσιςanalysisเวลาที่ข้าพเจ้าจะจากไปNEWLowAssurance of Reward (adjacent)Confident euphemism for death.
fought the good fightτὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαιton kalon agōna ēgōnismaiข้าพเจ้าได้ต่อสู้อย่างเต็มกำลังแล้วNEWLow-MediumPerseverance under SufferingStandard.
finished the raceτὸν δρόμον τετέλεκαton dromon tetelekaข้าพเจ้าได้แข่งขันจนถึงเส้นชัยแล้วNEWMediumPerseverance under SufferingAthletic image, distinct from “the path” (มรรค).
kept the faithτὴν πίστιν τετήρηκαtēn pistin tetērēkaข้าพเจ้าได้รักษาความเชื่อไว้แล้วBASELINE REUSE (pistis)MediumFaithful Transmission of the GospelEchoes παραθήκη (“guard the deposit”).
crown of righteousnessὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανοςho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanosมงกุฎแห่งความชอบธรรมNEWCRITICALAssurance of RewardGracious culmination of faith, never a karmic merit-payout; watch royal-regalia resonance.
righteous Judgeὁ δίκαιος κριτήςho dikaios kritēsผู้พิพากษาที่ชอบธรรมNEWHIGHAssurance of RewardNever conflated with Phra Yama’s karmic weighing of deeds.
loved his appearingἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦēgapēkosi tēn epiphaneian autouผู้ที่รักการเสด็จมาปรากฏของพระองค์NEWCriticalAssurance of RewardReuses ch. 4:1 epiphaneia entry.
loved this present ageἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶναagapēsas ton nyn aiōnaรักยุคนี้ / รักโลกปัจจุบันNEWMediumApostasy and False TeachersStructural contrast to “loved his appearing.”
Demas, Crescens, Titus, Luke, Mark, Alexander, Prisca, Aquila, Erastus, Trophimus, Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, Claudia(proper names)เดมาส, เครสเคส, ทิตัส, ลูกา, มาระโก, อเล็กซานเดอร์, ปริสสิลลา, อาควิลลา, เอราสทัส, โตรฟีมัส, ยูบูลัส, ปูเดส, ลีนัส, คลาวเดียNEWLowFaithful Transmission (examples)Established transliteration conventions.
repay according to deedsἀποδώσει … κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦapodōsei kata ta erga autouองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าจะทรงตอบสนองเขาตามการกระทำของเขาNEWCRITICALAssurance of RewardMust retain the Lord as explicit personal subject; never impersonal กฎแห่งกรรม/“ทำดีได้ดี ทำชั่วได้ชั่ว.”
stood by me and strengthened meπαρέστη καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσέν μεparestē kai enedynamōsen meทรงอยู่เคียงข้างและทรงเสริมกำลังข้าพเจ้าNEWHighPerseverance under SufferingEchoes 2:1 ἐνδυναμόω.
rescued from the lion’s mouthἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντοςerrysthēn ek stomatos leontosได้รับการช่วยให้พ้นจากปากสิงโตNEWMediumPerseverance under SufferingFigurative mortal danger.
heavenly kingdomτὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιονtēn basileian autou tēn epouranionแผ่นดินสวรรค์ของพระองค์BASELINE REUSE (kingdom_of_god)MediumAssurance of RewardQualified as heavenly.

Cross-Cutting Notes for Phase 2

  1. New Critical terms requiring mandatory theologian sign-off before entering translation_memory.json: θεόπνευστος (God-breathed), ἐπιφάνεια in its second/eschatological sense (Christ’s future appearing), the false teaching “resurrection already happened” (2:18), στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης (crown of righteousness), and ἀποδώσει κατὰ τὰ ἔργα (repay according to deeds).
  2. Recurring Thai-specific collision pattern: several of this letter’s highest-risk terms (crown of righteousness, righteous Judge, repay according to deeds) cluster around reward and judgment vocabulary — precisely the field where Thai karma/merit thinking offers the most fluent false equivalents. Phase 2 reviewers should treat this cluster with the same vigilance the Galatians package already required for sowing_and_reaping.
  3. Recurring “flesh/self-effort” collision pattern: κακοπάθησον (endure suffering) must avoid ทุกข์/dukkha vocabulary for the same reason the Galatians package required avoiding กิเลส for “flesh” — both risk importing a self-directed Buddhist framework in place of grace-enabled, Christ-centered endurance.
  4. All baseline-reused terms (grace, faith, righteousness, salvation, resurrection, gospel, calling, holy, election, Lord, kingdom of God, seed of David, incarnation) must be pulled verbatim from translation_memory.json and never re-derived independently within 2 Timothy materials.
  5. New term entries proposed in this glossary should be added to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json following the exact schema of the baseline files before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

(End of Core Glossary.)


Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Recurs at 1:9, 2:1, 2:25, 4:22; every occurrence reinforces the grace-versus-merit distinction, extended into repentance vocabulary (see gods_granted_repentance).


Righteousness

Approved rendering: ความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: บุญกุศล, ความดี
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Root of 3:16’s ‘training in righteousness’ and 4:8’s ‘crown of righteousness.‘


Salvation

Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. 3:15: Scripture makes one wise ‘for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.‘


Resurrection

Approved rendering: การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย
Transliteration: kan pen khuen chak tai
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at 2:8’s creedal capsule. CRITICAL additional note: at 2:18 this exact term appears inside a named, condemned FALSE teaching (‘the resurrection has already happened’); surrounding text must make the condemnation unmistakable so a rebirth-fluent reader cannot mistake Paul’s polemic for an endorsement.


Lord

Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: เจ้านาย, ท่านผู้นำ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Must remain the explicit grammatical subject in 4:14’s ‘the Lord will repay him according to his deeds’ — see repay_according_to_deeds.


Incarnation

Approved rendering: การทรงบังเกิดเป็นมนุษย์
Transliteration: kan song bangkoet pen manut
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: การอวตาร
Original: ἐπιφάνεια (1:10, first sense)
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for ἐπιφάνεια’s first sense at 1:10. Kept distinct from ἐπιφάνεια’s second sense (Christ’s future return) — see second_appearing.


Jesus

Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly; occurs throughout 2 Timothy.


God

Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly; occurs throughout 2 Timothy.


Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at 1:14. Kept distinct from 1:7’s dispositional πνεῦμα, rendered จิตใจ — see spirit_of_power_love_self_control.


Christ

Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward

Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. Reused exactly; occurs throughout 2 Timothy, frequently as ‘Christ Jesus.‘


God Breathed

Approved rendering: ได้รับการดลใจจากพระเจ้า
Transliteration: dai rap kan don jai chak Phra Chao
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ดลใจ (alone, without ‘จากพระเจ้า’), ร่างทรง-style trance framing
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture

NEW. 3:16’s θεόπνευστος, a hapax legomenon. ‘จากพระเจ้า’ must never be dropped. Never explained via ร่างทรง (a spirit/deity entering and speaking through a human medium in trance); God-breathed Scripture is God’s superintending, word-for-word authorship through human authors retaining their own style, not a possession-trance utterance. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.


Resurrection Already Happened False Teaching

Approved rendering: คำสอนที่กล่าวว่าการเป็นขึ้นจากตายได้เกิดขึ้นแล้ว (ถูกประณามว่าเป็นคำสอนที่ผิด)
Transliteration: kham son thi klao wa kan pen khuen chak tai dai koet khuen laeo (thuk pranam wa pen kham son thi phit)
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: λέγοντες τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι
Category: Apostasy

NEW. 2:18’s named heresy of Hymenaeus and Philetus. Must use the baseline’s exact การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย, but surrounding text must make unmistakably clear this is Paul’s CONDEMNATION of a false claim, not true doctrine — the single most dangerous verse in the letter for a rebirth-fluent culture. Mandatory theologian review and translator note at every occurrence.


Second Appearing

Approved rendering: การเสด็จมาปรากฏของพระองค์
Transliteration: kan sadet ma prakot khong phra-ong
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: พระศรีอริยเมตไตรย (as an explanatory analogy)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια (4:1, 4:8, second sense)
Category: Eschatology

NEW. ἐπιφάνεια’s second sense (4:1, 4:8), distinct from the baseline incarnation entry (ἐπιφάνεια’s first sense, 1:10). Must be the unique, once-for-all, linear-historical return of the same Christ who already came — never conflated with the popular expectation of the coming Buddha Maitreya (พระศรีอริยเมตไตรย) within a recurring cosmic cycle.


Crown Of Righteousness

Approved rendering: มงกุฎแห่งความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: mongkut haeng khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: บุญที่สะสมไว้ (as the ground of the reward)
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Judgment

NEW. 4:8’s ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος, title term of Assurance of Reward. มงกุฎ’s royal-regalia association risks a monarchy-commentary reading; more seriously, this is the gracious culmination of a faith-relationship with a righteous Judge, never a prize purchased by accumulated บุญ. Mandatory theologian review.


Loved His Appearing

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่รักการเสด็จมาปรากฏของพระองค์
Transliteration: phu thi rak kan sadet ma prakot khong phra-ong
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward

NEW. 4:8’s ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, reusing second_appearing. The Christ-relational ground of the crown, contrasted structurally with loved_this_present_age (4:10).


Repay According To Deeds

Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าจะทรงตอบสนองเขาตามการกระทำของเขา
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao ja song top-sanong khao tam kan kratham khong khao
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: ทำดีได้ดี ทำชั่วได้ชั่ว, กฎแห่งกรรม
Original: ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
Category: Judgment

NEW. 4:14’s ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. Structurally near-identical to the ubiquitous Thai folk maxim and to the impersonal law of karma taught from primary school onward. Must keep the Lord as the explicit, personal, grammatical subject who himself repays — never an agentless ‘what one sows, one reaps’ formula. Mandatory theologian review.


High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khao prasoet
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ข่าวดี
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Root of 4:5’s ‘work of an evangelist’ (ผู้ประกาศข่าวประเสริฐ).


Election

Approved rendering: การทรงเลือก
Transliteration: kan song lueak
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly; underlies 2:10’s ผู้ที่พระเจ้าทรงเลือก (see endure_for_the_elect).


Glory

Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: บารมี

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at 4:18’s closing doxology (‘to him be the glory forever and ever’).


Power Of God

Approved rendering: ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: rit det khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: อำนาจศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของวัตถุมงคล

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at 1:8 (‘by the power of God’). Distinct from 1:7’s dispositional dynamis — see spirit_of_power_love_self_control.


Providence

Approved rendering: การทรงดูแลรักษาของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: kan song dulae raksa khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: God’s Providence and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, ดวง

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly as the doctrinal anchor for rescued_delivered and strengthened_by_the_lord (3:11, 4:17-18).


Father

Approved rendering: พระบิดา
Transliteration: Phra Bida
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: พ่อขุน

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly in the 1:2 salutation.


Seed Of David

Approved rendering: เชื้อสายของดาวิด
Transliteration: chuea sai khong Dawit
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at 2:8’s creedal capsule.


Promise

Approved rendering: พระสัญญา
Transliteration: phra sanya
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: พร
Original: ἐπαγγελία (ζωῆς)
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans/Galatians package. Reused exactly, extended to ‘the promise of life that is in Christ Jesus’ (1:1).


Sacred Writings

Approved rendering: พระคัมภีร์อันศักดิ์สิทธิ์
Transliteration: phra khamphi an sakdisit
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: talismanic/amulet-style ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ framing
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture

NEW. 3:15’s ἱερὰ γράμματα. ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ is grammatically appropriate here (unlike for personal holiness, reserved to บริสุทธิ์) because the referent is a text-object. Must not collapse into the devotional-object frame of amulets or monk-blessed books; sacredness here is functional/revelatory (‘wise for salvation’), not talismanic.


Equipped For Every Good Work

Approved rendering: มีความพร้อมครบถ้วน / ได้รับการเตรียมพร้อมอย่างครบถ้วน
Transliteration: mi khwam phrom khrop thuan / dai rap kan triam phrom yang khrop thuan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ‘one helpful source among several’ (implicit softening)
Original: ἄρτιος / ἐξηρτισμένος
Category: Scripture

NEW. 3:17’s ἄρτιος/ἐξηρτισμένος. Risk is doctrinal omission, not vocabulary collision: Thailand’s pluralistic religious environment can soften Paul’s exclusive-sufficiency claim into ‘one helpful source among several.’ Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.


Gods Own Purpose

Approved rendering: พระประสงค์ของพระองค์เอง
Transliteration: phra prasong khong phra-ong eng
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, โชคชะตา
Original: πρόθεσις
Category: God

NEW. 1:9’s πρόθεσις. God’s own sovereign purpose behind the holy calling, prior to and apart from human merit.


Spirit Of Power Love Self Control

Approved rendering: จิตใจแห่งฤทธิ์เดช ความรัก และการรู้จักบังคับตนเอง
Transliteration: jitjai haeng ritdet, khwam rak, lae kan ru jak bangkhap ton eng
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ
Category: Anthropology

NEW. 1:7. Deliberately renders πνεῦμα with จิตใจ (disposition/heart) rather than วิญญาณ, reserving วิญญาณ/พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ for the personal Holy Spirit. Flag for theologian confirmation of the preferred exegetical reading before finalizing.


Be Ashamed

Approved rendering: อับอาย / ละอาย
Transliteration: ap-ai / la-ai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Perseverance

NEW. Recurring charge (1:8, 1:12, 1:16). Thai social life places strong weight on avoiding public shame (เสียหน้า); this call to risk shame for Christ’s sake must remain countercultural, never softened to mild encouragement.


Holy Calling

Approved rendering: การทรงเรียกอันบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: kan song riak an borisut
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม
Original: κλῆσις ἁγία
Category: Salvation

NEW combination of two Romans-baseline terms (calling + holy). 1:9: ‘called us with a holy calling… according to his own purpose and grace.‘


Life And Immortality

Approved rendering: ชีวิตที่ไม่มีวันเสื่อมสลาย
Transliteration: chiwit thi mai mi wan sueam salai
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: อมตะ (alone, unqualified)
Original: ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology

NEW. 1:10’s ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία. NEVER a bare อมตะ: it is a traditional epithet for Nibbāna itself (‘the Deathless’). Always pair explicitly with ชีวิต.


Deposit Entrusted

Approved rendering: สิ่งที่ทรงมอบไว้ให้รักษา
Transliteration: sing thi song mop wai hai raksa
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: กรวดน้ำ/การอุทิศบุญ (as an explanatory analogy)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Transmission

NEW. παραθήκη, 1:12 and 1:14. Must not collapse into Thai Buddhist merit-transfer ritual; this is safekeeping of a fixed truth entrusted by another, not a merit transaction. Reused at 4:7 (‘kept the faith’).


Pattern Of Sound Words

Approved rendering: แบบอย่างของคำสอนที่ถูกต้อง
Transliteration: baep yang khong khamson thi thuk tong
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: สัมมาทิฏฐิ (as an explanatory analogy)
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Scripture

NEW. 1:13’s ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων. Linked to sound_doctrine; carries the same collision risk with self-attained Buddhist ‘Right View.‘


Faithful Men

Approved rendering: คนที่ไว้วางใจได้ / ผู้สัตย์ซื่อ
Transliteration: khon thi wai wang jai dai / phu sat sue
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ลูกศิษย์ (as a stand-alone gloss)
Original: πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις
Category: Transmission

NEW. 2:2’s transmission chain (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others also). Built on baseline ความเชื่อ; must not be assimilated to the open-ended Thai teacher-disciple (อาจารย์-ศิษย์) lineage model.


Endure Hardship

Approved rendering: จงอดทนต่อความยากลำบาก
Transliteration: chong ot-than to khwam yak-lamphak
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: ทนทุกข์
Original: κακοπαθέω / κακοπάθησον
Category: Perseverance

NEW. κακοπαθέω, recurring at 1:8, 2:3, 2:9, 4:5. Deliberately avoid ทนทุกข์: ทุกข์ is the technical term of the Buddhist First Noble Truth, suffering to be escaped through detachment. Paul’s endurance is chosen, grace-sustained, and rewarded.


Endure For The Elect

Approved rendering: อดทน / ผู้ที่พระเจ้าทรงเลือก
Transliteration: ot-than / phu thi Phra Chao song lueak
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, โชคชะตา

NEW (ὑπομένω) combined with baseline election. 2:10: ‘I endure all things for the sake of the elect’ — Paul’s own endurance is for the sake of others’ salvation, not stoic self-discipline.


Died And Live With Him Quatrain

Approved rendering: ถ้าเราตายกับพระองค์ เราก็จะมีชีวิตอยู่กับพระองค์ด้วย ถ้าเราปฏิเสธพระองค์ พระองค์ก็จะทรงปฏิเสธเราด้วย ถ้าเราไม่สัตย์ซื่อ พระองค์ก็ยังทรงสัตย์ซื่ออยู่เสมอ
Transliteration: tha rao tai kap phra-ong, rao ko ja mi chiwit yu kap phra-ong duai; tha rao patiset phra-ong, phra-ong ko ja song patiset rao duai; tha rao mai sat sue, phra-ong ko yang song sat sue yu samoe
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: εἰ συναπεθάνομεν, συζήσομεν… εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα, ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς… εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν, ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει
Category: Salvation

NEW. 2:11-13 fourfold couplet. Must preserve the stark, unresolved tension between the third line (denial met with denial) and the fourth (God remains faithful even to the faithless); render as a unified quatrain, not four disconnected proverbs. Mandatory theologian review.


Rightly Handling The Word

Approved rendering: สอนพระวจนะแห่งความจริงอย่างถูกต้อง
Transliteration: son phra wotchana haeng khwam jing yang thuk tong
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Scripture

NEW. 2:15’s ὀρθοτομοῦντα, a road-building image (‘cutting a straight path’). Key methodological term for Guarding Sound Doctrine, contrasted with 2:14’s wrangling and 4:3’s itching-ears teacher-shopping.


Gods Granted Repentance

Approved rendering: การกลับใจที่พระเจ้าทรงโปรดประทาน
Transliteration: kan klap jai thi Phra Chao song prot pratan
Doctrine: Repentance as God’s Gift
Rejected alternatives: สำนึกผิดด้วยตนเอง
Original: μετάνοια (δώῃ ὁ θεός)
Category: Salvation

NEW. 2:25’s μετάνοια, framed as something God himself ‘may grant’ (subjunctive δώῃ), not self-produced remorse. Extends the baseline’s Critical grace-versus-merit distinction into repentance vocabulary.


The Devils Snare

Approved rendering: มาร / บ่วงแร้ว
Transliteration: man / buang raeo
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: διάβολος / παγίς
Category: Apostasy

NEW. 2:26’s διάβολος/παγίς. มาร directly borrows the name of Māra, the Buddhist tempter overcome by the Buddha’s own insight; the biblical devil is a real, personal, already-defeated enemy, from whose snare people are rescued by God, not an inner obstacle overcome through self-effort. Mandatory translator note every occurrence.


Last Days

Approved rendering: วาระสุดท้าย / ยุคสุดท้าย
Transliteration: wara sut thai / yuk sut thai
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: ยุคกลียุค (as a cyclical-restoration frame)
Original: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Eschatology

NEW. 3:1’s ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις. Must be taught as linear, terminal salvation history, never the cyclical world-ages (kalpa) of Buddhist-Brahmanic cosmology.


Form Of Godliness Denying Power

Approved rendering: มีรูปลักษณ์ภายนอกของความยำเกรงพระเจ้า แต่ปฏิเสธฤทธิ์เดชของทางนั้น
Transliteration: mi ruplaksana phai nok khong khwam yam-kren Phra Chao tae patiset ritdet khong thang nan
Doctrine: Godliness versus Counterfeit Religion
Original: ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι
Category: Apostasy

NEW. 3:5. Must be framed as Paul’s warning about counterfeit CHRISTIAN profession specifically, not a general critique of another tradition’s practice, since this exact form-without-power pattern is already a live internal Thai-Buddhist self-critique.


Solemnly Charge

Approved rendering: ข้าพเจ้าขอกำชับท่านต่อพระพักตร์พระเจ้า
Transliteration: khap-chao kho kamchap than to phra phak Phra Chao
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: Διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry

NEW. 4:1’s Διαμαρτύρομαι. Must retain the weight of a solemn, witnessed, oath-like charge; a weak translation would understate the force driving the doctrine.


Preach The Word

Approved rendering: จงประกาศพระวจนะ
Transliteration: chong prakat phra wotchana
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: เทศนา (as the primary verb)
Original: κήρυξον τὸν λόγον
Category: Ministry

NEW. 4:2’s κήρυξον τὸν λόγον. Use ประกาศ, established in the baseline’s gospel/mission conventions. Avoid เทศนา (a Buddhist monk’s dharma talk, a reflective discourse from personal attainment), which would frame proclamation as one teacher’s insight among many rather than the herald’s authorized, non-negotiable delivery of a fixed message.


Sound Doctrine

Approved rendering: คำสอนที่ถูกต้อง
Transliteration: kham son thi thuk tong
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: สัมมาทิฏฐิ (as an explanatory analogy)
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Scripture

NEW. 4:3’s ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία, title term of Guarding Sound Doctrine (also 1:13). Risks being heard through Buddhist สัมมาทิฏฐิ (‘Right View,’ attained progressively). Paul’s sound doctrine is a fixed body of apostolic content received and guarded, not a stage of personal attainment.


Poured Out As Libation

Approved rendering: ชีวิตของข้าพเจ้ากำลังถูกถวายออกไปเหมือนเครื่องบูชาที่เทออก
Transliteration: chiwit khong khap-chao kamlang thuk thawai ok pai muean khrueang bucha thi thoe ok
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: กรวดน้ำ (as an explanatory analogy)
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Perseverance

NEW. 4:6’s σπένδομαι. Sits close to the Thai ritual of กรวดน้ำ (water-pouring merit dedication). Paul’s image is his own life sacrificially poured out to God in service and impending martyrdom, not merit dedicated to another. Translator note required.


Righteous Judge

Approved rendering: ผู้พิพากษาที่ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: phu phiphaksa thi chop tham
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: พระยม (as an explanatory analogy)
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Judgment

NEW. 4:8’s ὁ δίκαιος κριτής. Collides with Phra Yama (พระยม), the Buddhist-Brahmanic judge of the dead who weighs deeds for rebirth. God’s judgment is personal and relational (‘to all who have loved his appearing’), not an impersonal karmic weighing. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence of divine judge/judgment language.


Medium Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Also names the settled body of apostolic conviction kept (4:7) and assured of (3:14).


Apostle

Approved rendering: อัครทูต
Transliteration: akkhrathut
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry Calling
Rejected alternatives: อาจารย์ใหญ่
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Grounds Paul’s authority to charge Timothy (1:1, 1:11).


Peace

Approved rendering: สันติสุข
Transliteration: santisuk
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ความสงบทางใจ

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly in the 1:2 salutation triad (grace, mercy, peace).


Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: ของประทานฝ่ายวิญญาณ
Transliteration: khong pratan fai winyan
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry Calling
Rejected alternatives: ฤทธิ์อำนาจลึกลับ

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for the church-wide gift category. Distinguished from 1:6’s individual enablement — see gift_of_god.


Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phaendin khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: อาณาจักรของพระเจ้า
Original: βασιλεία (τὴν ἐπουράνιον, 4:18)
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly, qualified as heavenly at 4:18 — see heavenly_kingdom.


Scripture

Approved rendering: พระคัมภีร์
Transliteration: phra khamphi
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: หนังสือ, พระไตรปิฎก
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture

NEW. 3:16’s γραφή (‘all Scripture’). Established Thai Bible term, distinguished from generic ‘writing’ and from the Pali Canon.


Mercy

Approved rendering: พระกรุณา / ความเมตตา
Transliteration: phra karuna / khwam metta
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God

NEW. 1:2 salutation triad. Must be kept distinct from the paternalistic register of ordinary Thai social mercy shown by a superior to an inferior; this is God’s compassionate favor toward the guilty.


Will Of God

Approved rendering: พระประสงค์ของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phra prasong khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, โชคชะตา
Original: θέλημα θεοῦ
Category: God

NEW. 1:1: Paul an apostle ‘by the will of God.’ Personal divine purpose grounding apostleship, never impersonal fate.


Gift Of God

Approved rendering: ของประทานจากพระเจ้า
Transliteration: khong pratan chak Phra Chao
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry Calling
Original: χάρισμα (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Church

NEW. 1:6’s χάρισμα, Timothy’s individual ministry enablement received through the laying on of Paul’s hands. Distinct from baseline spiritual_gifts; must not read as merit-earned or a promotion within a teacher-hierarchy.


Herald And Teacher

Approved rendering: ผู้ประกาศและผู้สอน
Transliteration: phu prakat lae phu son
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: ผู้เทศนา

NEW. 1:11: Paul as ‘herald, apostle, and teacher.’ Reuses the ประกาศ root established for preach_the_word; avoid ผู้เทศนา for the dharma-talk-collision reason documented there.


Abolished Death

Approved rendering: ทรงทำลายฤทธิ์อำนาจของความตาย
Transliteration: song tamlai ritdet amnat khong khwam tai
Doctrine: Incarnation

NEW. 1:10: Christ ‘has abolished death.‘


Word Of God Not Bound

Approved rendering: พระวจนะของพระเจ้าไม่ถูกล่ามโซ่ไว้
Transliteration: phra wotchana khong Phra Chao mai thuk lam so wai
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Ministry

NEW. 2:9. Contrasts Paul’s own chains with the unstoppable word of God.


Faithful Is The Saying

Approved rendering: คำนี้เป็นคำที่เชื่อถือได้
Transliteration: kham ni pen kham thi cheua thue dai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faith

NEW. 2:11’s recurring formulaic marker introducing a trusted, creedal-style summary.


Gangrene

Approved rendering: เนื้อร้าย / แผลเน่า
Transliteration: nuea rai / phlae nao
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Apostasy

NEW. 2:17’s γάγγραινα. Directly paired conceptually with sound_doctrine’s ‘healthy teaching’ image — preserve the medical-image pairing across both terms in translator notes.


Seal

Approved rendering: ตราประทับ
Transliteration: tra prathap
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward

NEW. 2:19’s σφραγίς — ownership/authentication image.


Vessel For Honor Dishonor

Approved rendering: ภาชนะสำหรับใช้อย่างมีเกียรติ / อย่างไม่มีเกียรติ
Transliteration: phachana samrap chai yang mi kiat / yang mai mi kiat
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 2:20-21’s σκεῦος image.


Vice Catalogue 3 2 5

Approved rendering: หลงตัวเอง, รักเงิน, อวดดี, หยิ่งยโส, พูดหมิ่นประมาท, ไม่เชื่อฟังบิดามารดา, อกตัญญู, ไม่บริสุทธิ์, ไม่มีความรักในครอบครัว, ไม่ให้อภัย, ใส่ร้าย, ไม่รู้จักควบคุมตนเอง, ดุร้าย, เกลียดความดี, ทรยศ, บุ่มบ่าม, หยิ่งผยอง, รักความสนุกมากกว่ารักพระเจ้า
Transliteration: long tua-eng, rak ngoen, uat di, ying yaso, phut min pramat, mai cheuafang bida mandaa, akatanyu, mai borisut, mai mi khwam rak nai khropkhrua, mai hai aphai, sai rai, mai ruchak khuap-khum ton-eng, du-rai, kliat khwam di, thorayot, bum-bam, ying phayo, rak khwam sanuk makkwa rak Phra Chao
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: technical Buddhist ethical vocabulary as primary gloss for any item

NEW (block term). 3:2-5’s eighteen-vice catalogue. Each gloss is plain moral vocabulary; the cumulative list must retain its force describing the last-days’ moral climate, not be softened into generic bad manners.


Godliness

Approved rendering: ความยำเกรงพระเจ้า
Transliteration: khwam yam-kren Phra Chao
Doctrine: Godliness versus Counterfeit Religion
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Ethics

NEW. 3:5’s εὐσέβεια. Standard established Thai Christian phrase.


Knowledge Of The Truth

Approved rendering: ความรู้ในความจริงอย่างครบถ้วน
Transliteration: khwam ru nai khwam jing yang khrop thuan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ปัญญา (self-attained insight)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Scripture

NEW. 3:7’s ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας. Must be received/revealed knowledge about Christ, not self-attained insight reached through one’s own meditative progress.


Impostors Sorcerers

Approved rendering: ผู้ล่อลวง
Transliteration: phu lo luang
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: หมอผี
Original: γόητες
Category: Apostasy

NEW. 3:13’s γόητες. Avoid หมอผี (a real practicing occult specialist); Paul’s point is fraudulent deception, not an endorsement of real occult power.


Persecutions

Approved rendering: การถูกข่มเหง
Transliteration: kan thuk khom-heng
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμοί
Category: Perseverance

NEW. 3:11-12’s διωγμοί. States persecution as a universal expectation for godly living, not an exceptional hardship for a few.


Rescued Delivered

Approved rendering: ทรงช่วยกู้ / ทรงช่วยให้พ้น
Transliteration: song chuai ku / song chuai hai phon
Doctrine: God’s Providence and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, ดวง
Original: ῥύομαι / ἐρρύσατο
Category: Perseverance

NEW. ῥύομαι/ἐρρύσατο, 3:11 and 4:17-18. Distinct from ความรอด (eternal salvation) — temporal deliverance flowing from the same divine character, not the once-for-all rescue itself.


Remain In What You Learned

Approved rendering: จงยึดมั่นอยู่ในสิ่งที่ได้เรียนรู้
Transliteration: chong yuek man yu nai sing thi dai rian ru
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες καὶ ἐπιστώθης
Category: Transmission

NEW. 3:14’s μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες. Must convey active, deliberate perseverance, not a merely passive ‘stay comfortable’ sense.


Assured Convinced

Approved rendering: ได้เชื่อมั่นอย่างแน่ใจ
Transliteration: dai cheua man yang nae jai
Doctrine: Faith

NEW. 3:14’s ἐπιστώθης. Should visibly share the ความเชื่อ root to keep the cognate relationship with faith visible.


Teaching Doctrine

Approved rendering: คำสอน
Transliteration: kham son
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 3:16’s generic διδασκαλία, the base noun underlying sound_doctrine. Check every occurrence against the more specific compound where applicable.


Judge Of Living And Dead

Approved rendering: ผู้พิพากษาคนเป็นและคนตาย
Transliteration: phu phiphaksa khon pen lae khon tai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: พระยม (as an explanatory analogy)

NEW. 4:1’s κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς. See righteous_judge for the fuller Phra Yama caution, applicable here as well.


The Word

Approved rendering: พระวจนะ
Transliteration: phra wotchana
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: คำพูด (generic speech)

NEW. 4:2’s τὸν λόγον. Must remain a fixed, specific referent (Scripture and the apostolic gospel), not vague inspirational ‘message.‘


Reprove And Rebuke

Approved rendering: ตักเตือน, ห้ามปราม
Transliteration: tak teuan, ham pram
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word

NEW. 4:2’s ἔλεγξον, ἐπιτίμησον, the first two of the escalating triad completed by baseline exhort. Escalating force (expose error → rebuke firmly → encourage warmly) must remain visible, not flattened into synonyms for ‘advise.‘


Itching Ears

Approved rendering: อยากได้ยินแต่สิ่งที่เพราะหู
Transliteration: yak dai yin tae sing thi phro hu
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy

NEW. 4:3’s κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν idiom. No natural Thai idiomatic equivalent; render the meaning plainly, preserving the consumer/appetite framing.


Finished The Race

Approved rendering: ข้าพเจ้าได้แข่งขันจนถึงเส้นชัยแล้ว
Transliteration: khap-chao dai khaeng khan chon thueng sen chai laeo
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: มรรค (the Path, as an explanatory analogy)

NEW. 4:7’s τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα. Keep explicitly athletic/competitive; avoid มรรค vocabulary, which suggests a contemplative self-directed path rather than a completed race.


Loved This Present Age

Approved rendering: รักยุคนี้ / รักโลกปัจจุบัน
Transliteration: rak yuk ni / rak lok patchuban
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days

NEW. 4:10’s ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα, describing Demas’s desertion. Deliberate structural contrast with loved_his_appearing — preserve the pairing in translator notes.


Strengthened By The Lord

Approved rendering: จงเข้มแข็งขึ้นโดยพระคุณ (2:1) / ทรงอยู่เคียงข้างและทรงเสริมกำลัง (4:17)
Transliteration: chong khem-khaeng khuen doi phra khun / song yu khiang khang lae song soem kamlang
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἐνδυναμόω / παρέστη καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσέν με
Category: Perseverance

NEW. ἐνδυναμόω recurs at 2:1 (‘be strengthened… in the grace’) and 4:17 (‘the Lord stood by me and strengthened me’); this deliberate structural echo should be rendered consistently in Thai across both occurrences.


Rescued From Lions Mouth

Approved rendering: ได้รับการช่วยให้พ้นจากปากสิงโต
Transliteration: dai rap kan chuai hai phon chak pak singto
Doctrine: God’s Providence and Deliverance

NEW. 4:17’s ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος, figurative for severe mortal danger. Related to rescued_delivered.


Heavenly Kingdom

Approved rendering: แผ่นดินสวรรค์ของพระองค์
Transliteration: phaendin sawan khong phra-ong
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: อาณาจักร (earthly/territorial)

NEW combination reusing baseline kingdom_of_god, qualified as heavenly (ἐπουράνιος) at 4:18. The qualifier สวรรค์ must never be dropped.


Low Risk Terms

Exhort

Approved rendering: หนุนใจ
Transliteration: nun jai
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly as the third verb of 4:2’s escalating triad (see reprove_and_rebuke for the first two).


Timothy

Approved rendering: ทิโมธี
Transliteration: Thimothi
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel

NEW. Established Thai Bible proper-name form; the letter’s addressee throughout.


Lois

Approved rendering: โลอิส
Transliteration: Lo-it
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel

NEW. 1:5, Timothy’s grandmother, example of transmitted family faith.


Eunice

Approved rendering: ยูนีเค
Transliteration: Yunike
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel

NEW. 1:5, Timothy’s mother.


Phygelus Hermogenes

Approved rendering: ฟีเจลัส, เฮอร์โมเกเนส
Transliteration: Fichelas, Hoemokenes
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days

NEW. 1:15. Combined entry; named examples of those who ‘turned away.‘


Onesiphorus

Approved rendering: โอเนสิโฟรัส
Transliteration: Onesiphoras
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel

NEW. 1:16-18. Contrast example of faithful, costly loyalty.


Hymenaeus Philetus

Approved rendering: ฮีเมเนอัส, ฟีเลตัส
Transliteration: Himeneas, Filetas
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days

NEW. 2:17. Named false teachers; combined entry.


Jannes Jambres

Approved rendering: ยันเนส, ยัมเบรส
Transliteration: Yanes, Yamberes
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days

NEW. 3:8. Combined entry for the paired OT names.


Patience

Approved rendering: ความอดกลั้นใจ
Transliteration: khwam ot klan jai
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word

NEW. 4:2’s μακροθυμία.


Myths

Approved rendering: เรื่องนิยาย / นิทานที่ไม่จริง
Transliteration: rueang niyai / nithan thi mai jing
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μῦθοι
Category: Apostasy

NEW. 4:4’s μῦθοι. Not a blanket dismissal of all non-Christian story-traditions, but specifically invented substitutes for apostolic truth.


Diakonia Ministry

Approved rendering: การรับใช้
Transliteration: kan rap chai
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry

NEW. 4:5’s διακονία. Must retain the sense of a task appointed by God/Christ, not self-chosen volunteer work.


My Departure

Approved rendering: เวลาที่ข้าพเจ้าจะจากไปนั้นใกล้เข้ามาแล้ว
Transliteration: wela thi khap-chao ja jak pai nan klai khao ma laeo
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward

NEW. 4:6’s ἀνάλυσις, a nautical/military image for casting off. A confident, purposeful euphemism for death; the tone of onward movement should be preserved.


Demas

Approved rendering: เดมาส
Transliteration: Demas
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days

NEW. 4:10. Named example of desertion through worldly love.


Pauls Companions And Associates

Approved rendering: เครสเคส, ทิตัส, ลูกา, มาระโก, อเล็กซานเดอร์ช่างทองแดง, ปริสสิลลา, อาควิลลา, เอราสทัส, โตรฟีมัส, ยูบูลัส, ปูเดส, ลีนัส, คลาวเดีย
Transliteration: Krekhens, Titat, Luka, Marako, Aleksandoe chang thongdaeng, Prissila, Akwila, Erastat, Trofimat, Yubulat, Pudet, Linat, Khlaodia
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel

NEW combined entry for 4:10-21’s remaining proper names, per established Thai Bible transliteration conventions.


Low-Medium Risk Terms

Sincere Faith

Approved rendering: ความเชื่อที่จริงใจ
Transliteration: khwam cheua thi jing jai
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel

NEW. 1:5’s ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις, built on baseline ความเชื่อ.


Soldier Athlete Farmer

Approved rendering: ทหาร / นักกีฬา / ชาวนา
Transliteration: thahan / nakkila / chaona
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering

NEW. 2:3-6’s three endurance/reward metaphors. The athlete’s crown (2:5) anticipates crown_of_righteousness.


Wrangle About Words

Approved rendering: การโต้เถียงกันด้วยคำพูด
Transliteration: kan to-thiang kan duai kham phut
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 2:14’s λογομαχεῖν, named as unprofitable, contrasted with 2:15’s careful word-handling.


Approved Unashamed Worker

Approved rendering: เป็นที่พอพระทัย / ผู้ทำงานที่ไม่ต้องอับอาย
Transliteration: pen thi pho phra thai / phu tham ngan thi mai tong ap-ai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 2:15’s δόκιμος / ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον.


Difficult Times

Approved rendering: สภาวการณ์ที่ยากลำบาก
Transliteration: saphawakan thi yak lamphak
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days

NEW. 3:1’s καιροὶ χαλεποί.


Reproof

Approved rendering: การตักเตือน
Transliteration: kan tak teuan
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 3:16’s ἔλεγχος. Must convey correction of error, not mere criticism.


Correction

Approved rendering: การแก้ไขให้ถูกต้อง
Transliteration: kan kae khai hai thuk tong
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 3:16’s ἐπανόρθωσις.


Training In Righteousness

Approved rendering: การอบรมสั่งสอนในความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: kan obrom sang son nai khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 3:16’s παιδεία … ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ. Built on baseline ความชอบธรรม; must retain a formative, not punitive-only, sense.


In Season Out Of Season

Approved rendering: ทุกเวลา ทั้งขณะที่สะดวกและไม่สะดวก
Transliteration: thuk wela thang khana thi sa-duak lae mai sa-duak
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word

NEW. 4:2’s εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως. No natural single Thai idiom exists; plain meaning preferred over a forced idiomatic equivalent.


Own Desires

Approved rendering: ความต้องการของตนเอง
Transliteration: khwam tong-kan khong ton eng
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: ตัณหา

NEW. 4:3’s ἐπιθυμίαι. Avoid ตัณหα (the Second Noble Truth’s technical craving term); the point is simply appetite-driven teacher-shopping.


Truth

Approved rendering: ความจริง
Transliteration: khwam jing
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine

NEW. 4:4’s ἀλήθεια. Must be kept as fixed, objective, apostolic content, not a personally-constructed or relativized ‘my truth.‘


Be Sober Minded

Approved rendering: จงมีใจสงบและตื่นตัว
Transliteration: chong mi jai sa-ngop lae tuen tua
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: ความสงบทางใจ (as a meditative-calm framing)

NEW. 4:5’s νῆφε. Avoid a rendering suggesting Buddhist meditative equanimity; here it is vigilance against doctrinal drift, not meditative calm.


Ergon Euangelistou

Approved rendering: หน้าที่ของผู้ประกาศข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: na-thi khong phu prakat khao prasoet
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἔργον … εὐαγγελιστοῦ
Category: Ministry

NEW. 4:5’s ἔργον εὐαγγελιστοῦ. Built on baseline gospel; low collision given the strong baseline anchor.


Fulfill Your Ministry

Approved rendering: จงกระทำหน้าที่การรับใช้ให้สำเร็จครบถ้วน
Transliteration: chong kratham na-thi kan rap chai hai samret khrop thuan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word

NEW. 4:5’s πληροφόρησον.


Fought The Good Fight

Approved rendering: ข้าพเจ้าได้ต่อสู้อย่างเต็มกำลังแล้ว
Transliteration: khap-chao dai to su yang tem kamlang laeo
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering

NEW. 4:7’s τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι.

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