Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English → Thai)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the core passage (1 Peter 1:3–9) and all five chapters of 1 Peter. Terms marked REUSED carry forward the exact rendering already fixed in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and must not be altered. Terms marked NEW are proposed additions for this curriculum’s translation memory and term registry.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline (Romans/Galatians)
| Term | Original | Thai Rendering | Risk | 1 Peter Refs | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Θεός | พระเจ้า | Critical | throughout | Never เทวดา/พระพรหม |
| Father | Πατήρ | พระบิดา | High | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 | Never พ่อขุน |
| Lord (divine) | Κύριος | องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า | Critical | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 3:15 | See 3:6 note: human κύριος (Sarah/Abraham) uses ordinary นาย, not this term |
| Jesus / Jesus Christ / Christ | Ἰησοῦς / Χριστός | พระเยซู / พระเยซูคริสต์ / พระคริสต์ | Critical | throughout | Established form |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย | Critical | 1:3, 3:21 | Never การเกิดใหม่/การกลับชาติมาเกิด |
| grace | χάρις | พระคุณ | Critical | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | Never บุญ/กรรมดี/บารมี |
| peace | εἰρήνη | สันติสุข | Medium | 1:2, 5:14 | Not meditative calm |
| salvation | σωτηρία | ความรอด | Critical | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:21, 4:18 | Never การบรรลุนิพพาน |
| faith | πίστις | ความเชื่อ | Medium | 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9 | Object always Christ |
| power of God | δύναμις Θεοῦ | ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า | High | 1:5 | Never amulet potency |
| revelation (disclosure/appearing) | ἀποκάλυψις | การทรงสำแดง | Medium | 1:7, 1:13 | Future-appearing sense here, distinct from Gal 1:12 past-disclosure sense; same Thai root |
| glory | δόξα | พระสิริ | High | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 2:12, 4:11, 4:13-14, 4:16, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | Never บารมี |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | อัครทูต | Medium | 1:1 | |
| election / elect | ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή | การทรงเลือก (root) | High | 1:1, 2:9 | Never โชคชะตา/เวรกรรม |
| calling / called | κλῆσις / καλέω | การทรงเรียก / ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก (root) | High | 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 | Effectual, not fate |
| holy | ἅγιος | บริสุทธิ์ | High | 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9 | Never ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω | การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์ | High | 1:2, 3:15 | Spirit’s ongoing work |
| prophet / prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | ผู้เผยพระวจนะ / คำพยากรณ์ | Low | 1:10-12 | Not หมอดู |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | ข่าวประเสริฐ | High | 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 | Never ข่าวดี |
| Holy Spirit / Spirit of Christ | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον / Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ | พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ | Critical | 1:2, 1:11, 1:12, 4:14 | Never วิญญาณ alone/ผี |
| redeem / ransomed | λυτρόω | ทรงไถ่ | Critical | 1:18 | Never ปลดเปลื้องกรรม |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη | คนต่างชาติ | Medium | 2:12, 4:3 | |
| fellowship (root; note narrower sense at 4:13) | κοινωνία / κοινωνέω | การสามัคคีธรรม (root) | Low–High | 4:13 | See “share in Christ’s sufferings” NEW entry — do not flatten 4:13 to the Low baseline sense |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | หนุนใจ | Low | 5:12 | |
| church (ecclesial community, general) | ἐκκλησία-family concept | คริสตจักร | Medium | (implicit throughout; “household of God” 4:17 treated as NEW) | |
| heir / inheritance-family | κληρονόμος (root) | ทายาท (root) | Medium | 3:7 (συγκληρονόμοι) | Consistency anchor for NEW “inheritance” entry |
| slavery / servants | δουλεία-family concept | ความเป็นทาส (root) | High | 2:18 (οἰκέτης) | Household-servant context |
B. New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Thai Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Refs | Rationale Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new birth / born again | ἀναγεννάω (ἀναγεννήσας) | anagennēsas | ทรงให้เราบังเกิดใหม่ | Critical | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:23 | Must NOT use plain การเกิดใหม่ alone (collision with forbidden rebirth/reincarnation vocabulary already barred for “resurrection”/“new creation”); required construction keeps ทรง…ให้ + บังเกิดใหม่ (elevated, divinely-caused birth verb, matching incarnation’s บังเกิด) to make God’s agency explicit and avoid the reincarnation-adjacent surface form. |
| living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα | elpis zōsa | ความหวังที่มีชีวิต | Critical | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | Curriculum’s banner doctrinal term; must always retain “living” qualifier tied explicitly to the resurrection; never generic ความหวัง alone. |
| hope (general) | ἐλπίς | elpis | ความหวัง | Medium | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:13, 1:21, 3:15 | Distinguish from “living hope” compound at 1:3. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | พระกรุณา | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | Collides with Buddhist brahmavihāra กรุณา (self-cultivated compassion) and royal-honorific พระกรุณาธิคุณ; must be taught as God’s own initiating covenantal kindness. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | มรดก | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4, 3:7 | Kept in heaven by God, not accumulated karmic-family inheritance. |
| imperishable | ἄφθαρτος | aphthartos | ไม่เสื่อมสลาย | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4, (cf. 1:23 ἄφθαρτος of seed) | Direct doctrinal confrontation with Buddhist anicca (universal impermanence); must be taught as a specific divine exception, not softened. |
| undefiled | ἀμίαντος | amiantos | ไม่มีมลทิน | Medium | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4 | |
| unfading | ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος | amarantos | ไม่ร่วงโรย | Medium | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4, 5:4 | Keep identical wording across both occurrences. |
| guarded (by God’s power) | φρουρέω | phroureō | ทรงพิทักษ์รักษาไว้ | Medium | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:5 | God as agent, faith as channel not source. |
| trial / testing | πειρασμός | peirasmos | การทดลอง / ความทุกข์ยากลำบาก | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:6 | Context-sensitive: external testing vs. internal temptation share one Greek root; disambiguate per occurrence. |
| genuineness / tested character | δοκίμιον | dokimion | ความเชื่อที่ผ่านการพิสูจน์แล้วว่าแท้จริง | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:7 | Trials prove, not produce, faith/merit. |
| soul | ψυχή | psychē | จิตวิญญาณ | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 4:19 | Compound form required (not plain วิญญาณ) to avoid ghost/ผี collision already flagged for Holy Spirit; anchors to whole inner person. |
| reverent fear | φόβος | phobos | ความยำเกรง | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 1:17, 2:17, 3:2 | Distinguish from fear of ผี/spirits; filial reverence before a just Father-Judge. |
| sojourners / exiles | παρεπίδημος / πάροικος | parepidēmos / paroikos | ผู้ที่อาศัยอยู่ชั่วคราว | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 1:1, 1:17, 2:11 | Positive identity category; not a metaphysical claim of universal impermanence (anicca). |
| foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις | prognōsis | การที่พระเจ้าทรงทราบล่วงหน้า | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection (Providence link) | 1:2 | Personal divine knowledge, not fate/karma-line causality. |
| sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος | rhantismos haimatos | การประพรมด้วยพระโลหิต [ของพระคริสต์] | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:2 | No Thai equivalent; requires OT covenant-ratification translator note (Exodus 24). |
| precious blood / spotless lamb | τίμιον αἷμα / ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | timion haima / amnos amōmos kai aspilos | พระโลหิตอันล้ำค่า / ลูกแกะที่ปราศจากตำหนิและจุดด่างพร้อย | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:19 | Requires Passover/Levitical-sacrifice translator note, akin to “circumcision” gap. |
| living and abiding word of God | λόγος Θεοῦ ζῶντος καὶ μένοντος | logos Theou zōntos kai menontos | พระวจนะของพระเจ้าที่ทรงพระชนม์อยู่และดำรงอยู่เป็นนิตย์ | High | The Living Hope of the Resurrection (Inspiration link) | 1:23-25 | Personal, living, speaking God vs. Pali Canon’s enlightenment-derived authority. |
| brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | ความรักฉันพี่น้อง | Low | Holiness in Conduct | 1:22 | |
| living stone | λίθος ζῶν | lithos zōn | ศิลาที่มีชีวิต | High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:4-8 | Risk of sacred-stone/amulet-potency collision; personal Christological claim, not object-potency. |
| spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός | oikos pneumatikos | นิเวศฝ่ายพระวิญญาณ | High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | Gathered people, not a building/วัด. |
| holy priesthood / royal priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma | ปุโรหิตบริสุทธิ์ / ราชปุโรหิต | Critical | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5, 2:9 | Highest ecclesiological collision risk: must not be heard as claiming monastic (พระสงฆ์) or Brahmin court-ritual (พราหมณ์) status; universal priesthood of all believers, non-celibate, no merit-mediation. |
| chosen race / holy nation / God’s own possession | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | genos eklekton / ethnos hagion / laos eis peripoiēsin | ชาติที่ทรงเลือก / ประชาชาติบริสุทธิ์ / ประชากรที่เป็นกรรมสิทธิ์ของพระเจ้า | High | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | ”Nation” language risks ethnic-political reading given Thai national-Buddhist identity fusion. |
| submission / be subject | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | การยอมอยู่ใต้อำนาจ | Critical | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5 | Voluntary, Lord’s-sake-bounded submission; never unconditional or a “covering for evil” (2:16 limiting clause must survive translation). |
| emperor / king | βασιλεύς | basileus | กษัตริย์ | Critical (cultural) | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:13, 2:17 | Thailand’s lèse-majesté-protected monarchy and royal-honorific register make this acutely sensitive; joint theologian/native-speaker review required. |
| household servants / masters | οἰκέτης / δεσπότης | oiketēs / despotēs | ผู้รับใช้ในบ้าน / นาย | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:18 | Paradigm case for suffering-for-righteousness under unjust authority. |
| example / pattern | ὑπογραμμός | hypogrammos | แบบอย่าง | Low | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:21 | |
| bore our sins on the tree | ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | anapherō … epi to xylon | ทรงรับแบกบาปของเราไว้ … ที่ต้นไม้[กางเขน] | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Must not be assimilated to Buddhist merit-transfer ritual (กรวดน้ำ/การอุทิศบุญ); unique judicial substitution. |
| healed by his wounds | μώλωψ / ἰάομαι | mōlōps / iaomai | โดยบาดแผลของพระองค์ ท่านทั้งหลายได้รับการรักษาให้หาย | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Spiritual healing/restoration from sin, not a magical-healing or health-guarantee reading. |
| shepherd and overseer (of Christ, and of elders) | ποιμήν / ἐπίσκοπος / ποιμαίνω / ἀρχιποίμην | poimēn / episkopos | ผู้เลี้ยง / ผู้ดูแล / ผู้เลี้ยงแกะใหญ่ | Medium | Elders and Humility | 2:25, 5:2, 5:4 | |
| hidden person of the heart | ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος | ho kryptos tēs kardias anthrōpos | มนุษย์ภายในที่ซ่อนอยู่ในใจ | Low/Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 3:4 | |
| gentle and quiet spirit | πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα | prau kai hēsychion pneuma | จิตใจที่สุภาพและสงบเสงี่ยม | High | Holiness in Conduct | 3:4 | Overlaps baseline’s rejected “peace” alternative (ความสงบทางใจ, meditative calm); must be relational/character virtue, not meditative attainment. |
| joint heirs of the grace of life | συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς | synklēronomoi charitos zōēs | ผู้ร่วมรับมรดกแห่งพระคุณของชีวิต | Medium | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3:7 | |
| humble mind / clothe yourselves with humility | ταπεινόφρων / ταπεινοφροσύνη (ἐγκομβώσασθε) | tapeinophrōn / tapeinophrosynē | ความถ่อมใจ / จงสวมความถ่อมใจไว้ [ให้แน่น] | High | Elders and Humility | 3:8, 5:5 | Rich Thai deference vocabulary is a teaching bridge but risk: must be Christ-shaped, grace-grounded active posture, not mere social etiquette or self-effort ego-reduction. |
| sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts | Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε | Kyrion ton Christon hagiasate | จงตั้งพระคริสต์ไว้เป็นองค์บริสุทธิ์และเป็นองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าในใจ | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3:15 | Must retain both “set apart as holy” and exclusive-Lordship force together. |
| defense / answer | ἀπολογία | apologia | คำตอบ / การให้เหตุผล | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3:15 | |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | มโนธรรมที่มีต่อพระเจ้า | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits / Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2:19, 3:16, 3:21 | God-oriented moral faculty, not a self-monitoring karmic ledger. |
| put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati | ทรงถูกประหารในเนื้อหนัง แต่ทรงกลับมีชีวิตขึ้นโดยพระวิญญาณ | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Living Hope of the Resurrection | 3:18 | Must cohere with, not contradict, bodily resurrection doctrine. |
| proclaimed to the spirits in prison | ἐκήρυξεν τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν | ekēryxen tois en phylakē pneumasin | ทรงไปประกาศแก่วิญญาณที่ถูกจองจำอยู่ [ในคุก] | CRITICAL | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22) | 3:19-20 | Highest Thai-specific collision risk in the book: must foreclose ancestor-spirit-release, merit-transfer-to-the-dead, and post-mortem-evangelism readings. Mandatory theologian review + translator note every occurrence. |
| baptism corresponds / antitype | ἀντίτυπον βάπτισμα | antitypon baptisma | บัพติศมา (loanword retained) … เป็นภาพเล็งที่สำเร็จจริงของ [น้ำในสมัยโนอาห์] | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | Distinguish from monk’s water-blessing (รดน้ำมนต์); passage’s own “not removal of dirt but appeal to God” clause must be retained in full. |
| angels, authorities, and powers | ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις | angeloi, exousiai, dynameis | ทูตสวรรค์ ผู้มีอำนาจ และผู้มีฤทธิ์ | Medium/High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:22 | ทูตสวรรค์ never เทวดา; created powers wholly subject to Christ, not an autonomous spirit-hierarchy. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | การนับถือรูปเคารพ | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 4:3 | Names cultic devotion to rival images, not a blanket judgment on Thai visual religious culture generally; doctrinal point must not be blunted. |
| judge the living and the dead | κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | krinein zōntas kai nekrous | การทรงพิพากษาทั้งคนเป็นและคนตาย | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:5 | Personal, final divine tribunal, not karmic reckoning across rebirths. |
| gospel preached to the dead | εὐηγγελίσθη καὶ νεκροῖς | euēngelisthē kai nekrois | มีการประกาศข่าวประเสริฐแก่คนที่ตายไปแล้ว [ในขณะที่ยังมีชีวิตอยู่] | CRITICAL | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 4:6 | Linked to 3:19-20 collision; must foreclose post-mortem-evangelism/merit-transfer readings; mandatory theologian review. |
| love covers a multitude of sins | ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | agapē kalyptei plēthos hamartiōn | ความรักปกปิดบาปมากมาย | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 4:8 | Practical relational covering, not atoning/earning function. |
| steward of God’s grace | οἰκονόμος … χάριτος Θεοῦ | oikonomos … charitos Theou | ผู้ดูแลจัดการพระคุณอันหลากหลายของพระเจ้า | Medium | The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 4:10 | Grace/gifts remain God’s property entrusted for others. |
| fiery trial | πύρωσις | pyrōsis | ความทุกข์ร้อนดุจไฟ | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:12 | |
| share/partake in Christ’s sufferings | κοινωνέω τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν | koinōneō tois tou Christou pathēmasin | มีส่วนร่วมในความทุกข์ทรมานของพระคริสต์ | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:13 | Do not flatten to baseline’s Low-risk generic “fellowship” sense; concentrated participatory union in Christ’s own suffering. |
| Christian (name) | Χριστιανός | Christianos | คริสเตียน | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:16 | Established loanword; suffering for the name itself is the doctrinal point. |
| household of God (judgment begins) | οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ | oikos tou Theou | ครอบครัวของพระเจ้า | Medium | Elders and Humility / Holiness in Conduct | 4:17 | God’s own people not exempt from present purifying judgment. |
| faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης | pistos ktistēs | พระผู้สร้างที่ทรงสัตย์ซื่อ | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake (Providence link) | 4:19 | Must not drift toward พระพรหม (already forbidden for “God”); personal, reliable Creator, not impersonal cosmic principle. |
| elders (church office) | πρεσβύτεροι | presbyteroi | ผู้ปกครอง [คริสตจักร] | Medium/High | Elders and Humility | 5:1 | Distinct from Galatians baseline’s “guardian” (ผู้ปกครองดูแล, παιδαγωγός); disambiguating note required in translation memory. |
| domineering / lording over | κατακυριεύω | katakyrieuō | ไม่ข่มขู่บังคับควบคุมเหมือนเป็นเจ้านาย | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:3 | Shares Greek root with κύριος; contrast with Christ’s proper Lordship should be noted in translator training. |
| clothe yourselves with humility | ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε | tapeinophrosynēn enkombōsasthe | จงสวมความถ่อมใจไว้ [ให้แน่น] | High | Elders and Humility | 5:5 | See combined entry above (3:8/5:5); core doctrine term. |
| adversary the devil, roaring lion | ἀντίδικος διάβολος, λέων ὠρυόμενος | antidikos diabolos, leōn ōryomenos | ปีศาจ / มารร้าย ผู้เป็นศัตรูของท่าน ดุจสิงโตคำราม | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 5:8 | Distinguish from Thai folk ผี (morally ambiguous ghosts); a single, personal, defeated-yet-active moral adversary. |
| unfading crown of glory | ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης | amarantinos stephanos tēs doxēs | มงกุฎแห่งพระสิริที่ไม่ร่วงโรย | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:4 | Purely spiritual/heavenly reward, not political/royal-regalia symbolism. |
| Babylon (code for Rome) | Βαβυλών | Babylōn | บาบิโลน | Low/Medium | (historical-literacy note) | 5:13 | Translator note required: symbolic code for Rome, not literal ancient city. |
| kiss of love | φίλημα ἀγάπης | philēma agapēs | การจุมพิตด้วยความรัก [ฉันพี่น้อง] | Low | Christian Fellowship (baseline link) | 5:14 | Cultural note: not a Thai greeting norm (cf. wai); preserve doctrinal warmth in teaching notes. |
C. Chapter Coverage Confirmation
| Chapter | New Terms Introduced | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Peter 1 | ~20 terms (see Core Passage + Ch.1 Remainder sections) | Fully analyzed, including core passage 1:3-9 |
| 1 Peter 2 | ~10 terms (living stone, spiritual house, holy/royal priesthood, chosen race/holy nation, submission, emperor, servants/masters, example, bore sins on tree, healed by wounds, shepherd/overseer) | Fully analyzed |
| 1 Peter 3 | ~10 terms (hidden person of heart, gentle/quiet spirit, joint heirs, humble mind, sanctify Christ as Lord, defense, conscience, put to death/made alive, spirits in prison, baptism/antitype, angels/authorities/powers) | Fully analyzed, including extended treatment of 3:18-22 |
| 1 Peter 4 | ~10 terms (idolatry, judge living/dead, gospel to the dead, love covers sins, steward, fiery trial, share in Christ’s sufferings, Christian, household of God, faithful Creator) | Fully analyzed |
| 1 Peter 5 | ~10 terms (elders, shepherd/oversight, domineering, chief Shepherd, unfading crown, clothe with humility, casting anxieties, adversary/devil, Babylon, kiss of love) | Fully analyzed |
No chapter of 1 Peter is without load-bearing theological vocabulary; every chapter is represented above with full term treatment. This glossary, together with analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, supersedes no baseline entry and introduces no contradiction with the Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json; all overlapping terms reuse the baseline rendering exactly as required.
This glossary is a Phase 1 Step 1 artifact. New terms above require formal promotion into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json, and corresponding entries in doctrine_risk_registry.json, in subsequent Phase 1 steps before Phase 2 segment translation may proceed.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection / Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 Peter, addressed as Father in the opening doxology (1:3) and invoked throughout as the personal object of hope, fear, and trust.
Lord
Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: เจ้านาย, ท่านผู้นำ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applied to Christ at 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 3:15. CAUTION SPECIFIC TO 1 PETER: NOT used at 3:6, where Sarah’s human address to Abraham as ‘lord’ must instead use the ordinary honorific (see lord_human_address entry below) to avoid over-applying this Critical divine rendering.
Jesus
Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly.
Christ
Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package exactly (established proper-name form). Used throughout 1 Peter, e.g. as ‘Jesus Christ’ in 1:1-3 and standalone from 2:21 onward.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย
Transliteration: kan pen khuen chak tai
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never การเกิดใหม่/การกลับชาติมาเกิด. Grounds the living hope at 1:3 and is what baptism appeals to at 3:21. Must remain visibly and phonologically distinct from the NEW new_birth entry below, which names a different doctrine (regeneration, not resurrection).
Grace
Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Recurs at 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 (‘the true grace of God; stand fast in it’).
Salvation
Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Guarded by faith until fully revealed (1:5, 9-10; 2:2); the explicit outcome of baptism’s appeal to God (3:21) and of the elect’s final hope (4:18).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Living Word of God
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Also identified at 1:11 as the very Spirit of Christ who inspired OT prophecy (Deity of Christ reinforcement) and at 4:14 as resting on the reviled.
Redeem
Approved rendering: ทรงไถ่
Transliteration: song thai
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: ปลดเปลื้องกรรม
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Galatians package exactly. 1 Peter 1:18-19: Christ’s costly substitutionary purchase from a futile inherited way of life, not with silver or gold but with his own precious blood. Never ปลดเปลื้องกรรม.
New Birth
Approved rendering: ทรงให้เราบังเกิดใหม่
Transliteration: song hai rao bangkoet mai
Doctrine: Regeneration / The New Birth
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: ἀναγεννάω (ἀναγεννήσας)
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL — the single highest surface-collision risk term in the book. NEVER plain การเกิดใหม่ alone (already forbidden for ‘resurrection’/‘new creation’ due to rebirth/reincarnation collision, but MORE tempting here since ‘new birth’ sounds even more like rebirth). Required construction keeps the causative ทรง…ให้ explicit (God as grammatical agent) attached to the elevated divine-origination verb บังเกิด (matching incarnation’s การทรงบังเกิดเป็นมนุษย์), not plain เกิด. Occurs 1:3, 1:23. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: ความหวังที่มีชีวิต
Transliteration: khwam wang thi mi chiwit
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL — the curriculum’s banner term, 1 Peter 1:3. Never softened to generic ความหวัง; never allowed to parallel merit-secured hope for a favorable future rebirth. The ‘living’ qualifier (มีชีวิต) must always be retained and explicitly tied to the resurrection clause that grounds it.
Holy Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: ปุโรหิตบริสุทธิ์ / ราชปุโรหิต
Transliteration: purohit borisut / rachapurohit
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: พระสงฆ์, พราหมณ์
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. CRITICAL — the single highest ecclesiological collision risk in the book (2:5, 9). ปุโรหิต (safe, established OT-Levitical Bible term) is retained rather than coining a new term or using พระสงฆ์ (celibate monastic Sangha) or พราหมณ์ (court Brahmin ritual priests). MANDATORY teaching note at every occurrence: this priesthood belongs to ALL believers equally, is not celibate/monastic, does not mediate merit to others, and makes no claim on royal court ritual function.
Submission
Approved rendering: การยอมอยู่ใต้อำนาจ
Transliteration: kan yom yu tai amnat
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority
NEW. CRITICAL — 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5. Voluntary, Lord’s-sake-bounded submission; Peter’s own limiting clause (2:16, never ‘a covering for evil’) must survive translation intact in every occurrence. Never rendered as unconditional or absolute.
Emperor
Approved rendering: กษัตริย์
Transliteration: kasat
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: βασιλεύς
Category: Authority
NEW. CRITICAL (cultural) — 2:13, 17. Thailand’s lèse-majesté-protected monarchy and mandatory royal-honorific register (ราชาศัพท์) make this acutely sensitive. Render with ordinary respectful vocabulary for a first-century Roman ruler, explicitly NOT ราชาศัพท์. Joint theologian + native-speaker review mandatory at every occurrence.
Bore Sins On Tree
Approved rendering: พระองค์เองทรงรับแบกบาปของเราไว้ในพระกายของพระองค์ที่ต้นไม้ [กางเขน]
Transliteration: Phra Ong eng song rap baek bap khong rao wai nai phra kai khong Phra Ong thi ton mai [kang khen]
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL — 1 Peter 2:24, echoing Isaiah 53. Must NEVER be assimilated to the Thai Buddhist merit-transfer ritual (กรวดน้ำ, การอุทิศบุญ). This is a unique, once-for-all, judicial substitution of the innocent for the guilty accomplished by God’s own Son, not a transferable moral commodity moved between persons by ritual.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: ทรงไปประกาศแก่วิญญาณที่ถูกจองจำอยู่ [ในคุก]
Transliteration: song pai prakat kae winyan thi thuk chong cham yu [nai khuk]
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: πνεύμασιν … ἐν φυλακῇ … ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Spiritual Beings
NEW. CRITICAL — the single highest Thai-specific collision risk in the entire book (3:19-20). Must foreclose readings that assimilate this to (i) present-day evangelism/altering the post-mortem fate of the dead, (ii) a merit-transfer/spirit-release ritual analogous to กรวดน้ำ/ทำบุญให้ผู้ล่วงลับ, or (iii) a Buddhist-style cosmic-realm visitation by one holy teacher among others. Mandatory human theologian review AND a required translator explanatory note at every occurrence, without exception.
Gospel Preached To Dead
Approved rendering: มีการประกาศข่าวประเสริฐแก่คนที่ตายไปแล้ว [ในขณะที่ยังมีชีวิตอยู่]
Transliteration: mi kan prakat khao prasoet kae khon thi tai pai laeo [nai khana thi yang mi chiwit yu]
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: εὐηγγελίσθη καὶ νεκροῖς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. CRITICAL — 1 Peter 4:6, directly linked to spirits_in_prison. The bracketed qualifying clause (‘while they were still alive’) must be retained or footnoted without exception; must foreclose post-mortem-evangelism or salvation-by-proxy readings given the live Thai funeral-merit practice. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: พระบิดา
Transliteration: Phra Bida
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: พ่อขุน
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:3 (doxology) and 1:17 (impartial Father-Judge grounding reverent conduct during believers’ earthly sojourn).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: rit det khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: อำนาจศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของวัตถุมงคล
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:5: God’s own power guarding believers unto salvation, never the potency ascribed to amulets.
Glory
Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: บารมี
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The destination of proven faith (1:7-8, 21) and the substance of the elders’ promised unfading crown (5:4); never บารมี.
Election
Approved rendering: การทรงเลือก
Transliteration: kan song lueak
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package root exactly. Names addressees individually (1:1, ἐκλεκτός) and the church corporately as a ‘chosen race’ (2:9).
Calling
Approved rendering: การทรงเรียก
Transliteration: kan song riak
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา
Original: κλῆσις / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. God’s effectual summons to holiness and eternal glory (2:21; 3:9; 5:10).
Called
Approved rendering: ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก
Transliteration: phu thi song riak
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: ผู้ที่ได้รับเชิญ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Distinguish from a revocable invitation; 1 Peter uses this sense at 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10.
Holy
Approved rendering: บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: borisut
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ศักดิ์สิทธิ์
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1:15-16 (‘be holy, for I am holy’), and predicated of the church’s priesthood and nationhood (2:5, 9). Never ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ (object-potency sacredness).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: kan song chamra hai borisut
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: การชำระบาปด้วยตนเอง
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1:2 (the Spirit’s sanctifying work grounding election) and 3:15 (setting apart Christ himself as holy and Lord in the heart).
Gospel
Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khao prasoet
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: ข่าวดี
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Preached to believers (1:12, 25) and, in a distinct temporal sense, to those now dead while they were still alive (4:6) — see gospel_preached_to_dead for the Critical risk this creates.
Slavery
Approved rendering: ความเป็นทาส
Transliteration: khwam pen that
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: δουλεία-concept / οἰκέτης
Category: Ethics
Inherited from Galatians package root exactly. 1 Peter 2:18 applies this to household servants (οἰκέτης) suffering under masters — see household_servants_masters for the specific application.
Sin
Approved rendering: บาป
Transliteration: bap
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: อกุศลกรรม
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Christ bore ‘our sins’ in his body on the tree (2:24) and suffered ‘once for sins’ (3:18); always an offense against a personal God, never impersonal negative-karma (อกุศลกรรม).
Flesh
Approved rendering: เนื้อหนัง
Transliteration: nuea nang
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: กิเลส (as the primary gloss)
Inherited from Galatians package exactly. In 1 Peter used in the more neutral sense of bodily/human existence (3:18 ‘put to death in the flesh’; 4:1-2 ‘suffered in the flesh’), context-sensitive against the technical sinful-nature sense already fixed in the baseline. Never upgrade to กิเลส.
Mercy
Approved rendering: พระกรุณา
Transliteration: phra karuna
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. HIGH — 1 Peter 1:3: the ground of the new birth. พระกรุณา overlaps with (a) the Buddhist brahmavihāra virtue of กรุณา cultivated by a practitioner as personal spiritual attainment, and (b) the royal-honorific register (พระกรุณาธิคุณ, favor bestowed by the monarch). Must be taught as God’s own initiating covenantal kindness that causes the new birth, not a self-cultivated virtue or political favor.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: มรดก
Transliteration: moradok
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 1:4: the secured future possession kept by God in heaven for believers, extended at 3:7 to the ‘grace of life’ shared by husband and wife (joint_heirs). Must never be taught as an accumulated merit-inheritance passed within a family’s karmic lineage.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: ไม่เสื่อมสลาย
Transliteration: mai suam salai
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Salvation
NEW. HIGH — 1:4, echoed 1:23 (imperishable seed of the living word). Directly confronts the foundational Buddhist teaching of anicca (universal impermanence, taught from childhood as exceptionless). Must be presented as a specific divine exception grounded in God’s own eternal character, never softened or argued into compatibility with a general impermanence principle.
Soul
Approved rendering: จิตวิญญาณ
Transliteration: chit winyan
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ (bare)
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology
NEW. HIGH — 1:9, 22; 2:11, 25; 4:19. Bare วิญญาณ collides with ผี (ghost/spirit in Thai folk animism), the same collision already flagged in the baseline’s holy_spirit entry, recurring here in anthropology. The compound จิตวิญญาณ is required, never plain วิญญาณ.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: การที่พระเจ้าทรงทราบล่วงหน้า
Transliteration: kan thi Phra Chao song sap luang na
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
NEW. 1 Peter 1:2. Personal divine knowledge grounding election, not impersonal cosmic pre-determination akin to fate (โชคชะตา) or karma-line causality.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: การประพรมด้วยพระโลหิต [ของพระคริสต์]
Transliteration: kan praphrom duai phra lohit [khong Phra Khrit]
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant
NEW. 1 Peter 1:2. No Thai cultural equivalent; requires a short explanatory translator note on the Exodus 24 covenant-ratification background, the same category of gap flagged for ‘circumcision’ in the baseline.
Precious Blood Lamb
Approved rendering: พระโลหิตอันล้ำค่าของพระคริสต์ ดุจลูกแกะที่ปราศจากตำหนิและจุดด่างพร้อย
Transliteration: phra lohit an lamkha khong Phra Khrit dut luk kae thi prasachak tamni lae chut dang phroi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τίμιον αἷμα … ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 1:19. No Thai cultural equivalent for sacrificial-lamb substitution; requires a Passover/Levitical-sacrifice translator note, akin to the baseline’s ‘circumcision’ gap category.
Living Word
Approved rendering: พระวจนะของพระเจ้าที่ทรงพระชนม์อยู่และดำรงอยู่เป็นนิตย์
Transliteration: phra watchana khong Phra Chao thi song phra chon yu lae damrong yu pen nit
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Living Word of God
Original: λόγος Θεοῦ ζῶντος καὶ μένοντος
Category: Covenant
NEW. 1 Peter 1:23-25. The instrumental means of the new birth. Must be kept distinct from the authority the Pali Canon derives from the Buddha’s own enlightened insight; authority here derives from a personal, living, speaking God.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: ศิลาที่มีชีวิต
Transliteration: sila thi mi chiwit
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:4-8. Thai popular religion venerates sacred stones/objects believed to hold protective potency (amulet/วัตถุมงคล-adjacent). The ‘living’ qualifier (มีชีวิต) must never be dropped; anchors this to Christ as a person, not an object of magical potency.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: นิเวศฝ่ายพระวิญญาณ
Transliteration: niwet fai Phra Winyan
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:5. The corporate body of believers as God’s dwelling; must be kept distinct from a physical temple compound (วัด, already excluded for ‘church’) and from any physical building.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: ชาติที่ทรงเลือก / ประชาชาติบริสุทธิ์ / ประชากรที่เป็นกรรมสิทธิ์ของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: chat thi song lueak / pracha chat borisut / prachakon thi pen kammasit khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:9, echoing Exodus 19:5-6. ‘Nation’ language (ชาติ/ประชาชาติ) risks an ethnic-political reading given the fusion of Thai national identity with Buddhism; must be taught as a spiritual, transnational identity in Christ, never an ethnic or political nation.
Household Servants Masters
Approved rendering: ผู้รับใช้ในบ้าน / นาย
Transliteration: phu rap chai nai ban / nai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: οἰκέτης / δεσπότης
Category: Authority
NEW. 1 Peter 2:18. Paradigm case for suffering for righteousness’ sake; retain the historical Greco-Roman household institution explicitly, with a brief historical-context note, without endorsing it as an ideal, and without modernizing to ‘employer/employee’.
Healed By Wounds
Approved rendering: โดยบาดแผลของพระองค์ ท่านทั้งหลายได้รับการรักษาให้หาย
Transliteration: doi bat phlae khong Phra Ong than thang lai dai rap kan raksa hai hai
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: μώλωψ / ἰάομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 2:24, echoing Isaiah 53:5. Must be anchored to spiritual healing/restoration from sin’s guilt and power, not a physical-healing guarantee or magical-object (amulet-potency-adjacent) reading.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: จิตใจที่สุภาพและสงบเสงี่ยม
Transliteration: chit jai thi suphap lae songop sangiam
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ความสงบทางใจ (as the operative frame)
Original: πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα
Category: Ethics
NEW. HIGH — 1 Peter 3:4. Directly overlaps vocabulary the baseline already rejected for ‘peace’ (ความสงบทางใจ, meditative calm cultivated through mindfulness practice). Must be taught as a relational, Christ-shaped character disposition, not an attained meditative stillness.
Humility
Approved rendering: ความถ่อมใจ / จงสวมความถ่อมใจไว้ [ให้แน่น]
Transliteration: khwam thom jai / chong suam khwam thom jai wai [hai naen]
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινόφρων / ταπεινοφροσύνη (ἐγκομβώσασθε)
Category: Leadership
NEW. HIGH — 1 Peter 3:8, 5:5 (ἐγκομβώσασθε, tying on a slave’s work-apron). Thai’s rich existing deference vocabulary (เกรงใจ, ความถ่อมตัว) and Buddhist ego-reduction ideals are a teaching bridge AND a risk. Must be taught as a Christ-shaped, grace-grounded active posture (Proverbs 3:34, cited 5:5), not mere social etiquette or self-effort ego-dissolution.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: จงตั้งพระคริสต์ไว้เป็นองค์บริสุทธิ์และเป็นองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าในใจ
Transliteration: chong tang Phra Khrit wai pen ong borisut lae pen ong Phra Phu Pen Chao nai jai
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 3:15. Must retain both the ‘set apart as holy’ force (ἁγιάζω) and the exclusive-Lordship force (κύριος) together; a thin rendering could lose one or the other.
Conscience
Approved rendering: มโนธรรมที่มีต่อพระเจ้า
Transliteration: manotham thi mi to Phra Chao
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Anthropology
NEW. HIGH — 2:19, 3:16, 3:21. Thai popular ethics tends to frame moral self-awareness through an impersonal karmic ledger; biblical conscience must be taught as a faculty accountable to a personal God who can cleanse and address it directly, never a self-monitoring karmic register.
Put To Death Flesh Alive Spirit
Approved rendering: ทรงถูกประหารในเนื้อหนัง แต่ทรงกลับมีชีวิตขึ้นโดยพระวิญญาณ
Transliteration: song thuk prahan nai nuea nang tae song klap mi chiwit khuen doi Phra Winyan
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 3:18. Must be taught in continuity with, not contradiction to, the Critical bodily-resurrection doctrine; not a claim that only a disembodied spirit survived while the body remained dead.
Baptism Antitype
Approved rendering: บัพติศมา … เป็นภาพเล็งที่สำเร็จจริงของ [น้ำในสมัยโนอาห์]
Transliteration: baptisma … pen phap leng thi samret jing khong [nam nai samai Noah]
Doctrine: Baptism and Union with Christ
Original: ἀντίτυπον βάπτισμα
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 3:21. บัพติศมา (established loanword) retained. Must be distinguished from Thai ritual water-blessing by monks (รดน้ำมนต์, already flagged in the Galatians baseline’s clothed_with_christ entry). The passage’s own safeguarding clause (‘not a removal of dirt… but an appeal to God for a good conscience’) must be retained in full, never trimmed.
Judge Living Dead
Approved rendering: การทรงพิพากษาทั้งคนเป็นและคนตาย
Transliteration: kan song phiphaksa thang khon pen lae khon tai
Doctrine: Final Judgment of the Living and the Dead
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 1 Peter 4:5. A personal, final divine tribunal, never an impersonal karmic reckoning (กฎแห่งกรรม) playing out across further rebirths.
Share In Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: มีส่วนร่วมในความทุกข์ทรมานของพระคริสต์
Transliteration: mi suan ruam nai khwam thuk thoraman khong Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνέω τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 4:13. Must NOT be flattened to the baseline’s Low-risk generic ‘fellowship’ sense (κοινωνία); this is suffering-for-righteousness doctrine at its most concentrated, participatory union in Christ’s own path.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: พระผู้สร้างที่ทรงสัตย์ซื่อ
Transliteration: Phra Phu Sang thi song sat sue
Doctrine: The Faithful Creator and Providence in Suffering
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
NEW. HIGH — 1 Peter 4:19. ‘Creator’ (พระผู้สร้าง) must never drift toward or be confused with พระพรหม (Brahma, already forbidden as a substitute for ‘God’ in the baseline, worshipped at shrines such as Erawan); personal, reliable providence, not an impersonal cosmic-origination principle.
Elders
Approved rendering: ผู้ปกครอง [คริสตจักร]
Transliteration: phu pokkhrong [khritsatchak]
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Leadership
NEW. 1 Peter 5:1-3. Distinct from the Galatians baseline’s ‘guardian’ (ผู้ปกครองดูแล, παιδαγωγός, the law’s temporary, superseded custodial role); 1 Peter’s elders are a permanent, ongoing church office. Disambiguating note required alongside the guardian entry to prevent Phase 2 confusion.
Medium Risk Terms
Lord Human Address
Approved rendering: นาย / ท่าน
Transliteration: nai / than
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
NEW — disambiguation entry. 1 Peter 3:6’s κύριος (Sarah addressing Abraham as ‘lord’) is an ordinary human honorific, entirely distinct from the Critical, exclusive divine-Lordship term above. Flagged so Phase 2 translators do not mistakenly apply the reserved divine rendering to this verse.
Peace
Approved rendering: สันติสุข
Transliteration: santisuk
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ความสงบทางใจ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used at 1:2 (greeting) and 5:14 (closing benediction).
Faith
Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The instrument through which believers are guarded unto salvation (1:5, 7, 9) and the ground of resistance to the devil (5:9); object always Christ.
Revelation
Approved rendering: การทรงสำแดง
Transliteration: kan song samdaeng
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: นิมิตของหมอดู
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Galatians package root exactly. In 1 Peter (1:5, 7, 13) this names the FUTURE eschatological unveiling of salvation/Christ’s glory, distinct in sense from the Galatians baseline’s PAST-disclosure use (Gal 1:12), though sharing the same Thai root; context must disambiguate.
Apostle
Approved rendering: อัครทูต
Transliteration: akkhrathut
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: อาจารย์ใหญ่
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Peter’s self-designation, 1 Peter 1:1.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: คนต่างชาติ
Transliteration: khon tang chat
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ชาวต่างประเทศ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Non-believing outsiders whose slander believers must outlive through good works (2:12) and whose former way of life believers have left (4:3).
Heir
Approved rendering: ทายาท
Transliteration: thayat
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: κληρονόμος (root)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Galatians package root exactly. 1 Peter 3:7 extends this to husband and wife together as ‘joint heirs’ — see joint_heirs entry.
Church
Approved rendering: คริสตจักร
Transliteration: khritsatchak
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: วัด
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies 1 Peter’s ecclesiology throughout ch. 2, 4:17 (‘household of God’), and 5:1-5. Never วัด.
Hope
Approved rendering: ความหวัง
Transliteration: khwam wang
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
NEW. General hope-vocabulary distinct from the Critical living_hope compound at 1:3; used at 1:13, 1:21, 3:15.
Undefiled
Approved rendering: ไม่มีมลทิน
Transliteration: mai mi mondin
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀμίαντος
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1:4, second quality of the inheritance; low collision risk if kept parallel with imperishable and unfading.
Unfading
Approved rendering: ไม่ร่วงโรย
Transliteration: mai ruang roi
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1:4, third quality of the inheritance, reused of the elders’ crown at 5:4 (unfading_crown). Keep wording identical across both occurrences.
Guarded
Approved rendering: ทรงพิทักษ์รักษาไว้
Transliteration: song phithak raksa wai
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 1:5. God must remain the explicit agent doing the guarding; faith is the channel, not the source, of protection.
Trial
Approved rendering: การทดลอง / ความทุกข์ยากลำบาก
Transliteration: kan thodlong / khwam thuk yak lambak
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 1:6. Shares one Greek root with ‘temptation’; prefer ความทุกข์ยากลำบาก for the external-testing sense active here, reserving การทดลอง for contexts nearer ‘temptation’. Context-sensitive; flag per occurrence.
Tested Character
Approved rendering: ความเชื่อที่ผ่านการพิสูจน์แล้วว่าแท้จริง
Transliteration: khwam cheua thi phan kan phisut laeo wa thae jing
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 1:7 (δοκίμιον, gold refined by fire). Trials must be taught as proving, never producing, an already God-given faith.
Reverent Fear
Approved rendering: ความยำเกรง
Transliteration: khwam yam kreng
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: φόβος
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1:17, 2:17-18, 3:2. Must be distinguished from fear of capricious ผี spirits; this is filial reverence toward a just, personal Father-Judge, not spirit-appeasement.
Sojourners
Approved rendering: ผู้ที่อาศัยอยู่ชั่วคราว
Transliteration: phu thi asai yu chua khrao
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1:1, 17; 2:11. A positive, identity-forming social-theological category, not to be confused with the Buddhist metaphysical doctrine of universal impermanence (anicca); names a specific social status, not a claim about the nature of all existence.
Shepherd Overseer
Approved rendering: ผู้เลี้ยง / ผู้ดูแล / ผู้เลี้ยงแกะใหญ่
Transliteration: phu liang / phu dulae / phu liang kae yai
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμήν / ἐπίσκοπος / ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Leadership
NEW. Christ as Shepherd and Overseer of souls (2:25); pattern for elders’ delegated task (5:2, ἀρχιποίμην ‘chief Shepherd’ at 5:4).
Joint Heirs
Approved rendering: ผู้ร่วมรับมรดกแห่งพระคุณของชีวิต
Transliteration: phu ruam rap moradok haeng phra khun khong chiwit
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 3:7 — husband and wife together as joint heirs of the grace of life.
Angels Authorities Powers
Approved rendering: ทูตสวรรค์ ผู้มีอำนาจ และผู้มีฤทธิ์
Transliteration: thut sawan phu mi amnat lae phu mi rit
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา (for angels)
Original: ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις
Category: Spiritual Beings
NEW. 1 Peter 3:22. ทูตสวรรค์ (established, safe Thai Bible term for ‘angel’) must be used consistently, never เทวดา; ‘authorities/powers’ name created, subordinate powers wholly under Christ, not an autonomous animist spirit-hierarchy.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: การนับถือรูปเคารพ
Transliteration: kan nap thue rup khaorop
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
NEW. 1 Peter 4:3. Names cultic devotion to any rival object/image, not a blanket judgment on Thai visual religious culture generally (Buddha images, spirit shrines, amulets); the doctrinal point (rival worship) must not be blunted for diplomacy.
Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: ความรักปกปิดบาปมากมาย
Transliteration: khwam rak pokpit bap mak mai
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Original: ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 4:8, echoing Proverbs 10:12. Practical relational covering within community, resting on (not replacing) the substitutionary-suffering doctrine; never love itself atoning for or earning forgiveness of sin.
Steward Of Grace
Approved rendering: ผู้ดูแลจัดการพระคุณอันหลากหลายของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phu dulae jatkan phra khun an lak lai khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμος … χάριτος Θεοῦ
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 4:10. The resource (grace/gifts) remains God’s own property entrusted for others’ benefit, not a personal possession accumulated by the steward.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: ความทุกข์ร้อนดุจไฟ
Transliteration: khwam thuk ron dut fai
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 4:12 (πύρωσις), cognate with the gold-refining imagery of 1:7.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: ครอบครัวของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: khropkhrua khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Final Judgment of the Living and the Dead
Original: οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 4:17. God’s own people are not exempt from present purifying judgment, distinct from final condemnation.
Domineering
Approved rendering: ไม่ข่มขู่บังคับควบคุมเหมือนเป็นเจ้านาย
Transliteration: mai khom khu bangkhap khuap khum muean pen chao nai
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Leadership
NEW. 1 Peter 5:3 (κατακυριεύω, shares its root with κύριος/Lord). Negative contrast-term to proper shepherding; note the shared root for translator training only.
Unfading Crown
Approved rendering: มงกุฎแห่งพระสิริที่ไม่ร่วงโรย
Transliteration: mongkut haeng Phra Siri thi mai ruang roi
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 1 Peter 5:4. มงกุฎ carries some association with Thai royal regalia; must be taught as a purely spiritual, heavenly reward, never a political/royal symbol, echoing the monarchy-register caution flagged for ‘emperor’.
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: ปีศาจ / มารร้าย ผู้เป็นศัตรูของท่าน
Transliteration: pisat / man rai phu pen sattru khong than
Doctrine: Resistance to the Devil
Original: ἀντίδικος διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Beings
NEW. 1 Peter 5:8. Must be distinguished from the Thai folk category of ผี (morally ambiguous wandering ghosts/ancestor spirits); the biblical devil is a single, personal, defeated-yet-active moral adversary, not one spirit among many in an animist spirit-world.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ผู้เผยพระวจนะ
Transliteration: phu phoei phra wotchana
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Living Word of God
Rejected alternatives: หมอดู
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1:10-12: OT prophets who searched out the grace and sufferings/glories of Christ to come.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: คำพยากรณ์
Transliteration: kham phayakon
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Living Word of God
Rejected alternatives: คำทำนายดวงชะตา
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1:10-12.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: การสามัคคีธรรม
Transliteration: kan samakkhi tham
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Rejected alternatives: มิตรภาพ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly for the generic sense. Do NOT use this term or risk tier for 4:13’s much weightier κοινωνέω τοῖς παθήμασιν — see share_in_christs_sufferings (High risk).
Exhort
Approved rendering: หนุนใจ
Transliteration: nun jai
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Peter’s closing description of his own letter, 5:12.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: ความรักฉันพี่น้อง
Transliteration: khwam rak chan phi nong
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 1:22.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: แบบอย่าง
Transliteration: baep yang
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:21 (ὑπογραμμός, a copy-pattern to be traced stroke-by-stroke).
Hidden Person Heart
Approved rendering: มนุษย์ภายในที่ซ่อนอยู่ในใจ
Transliteration: manut phai nai thi son yu nai jai
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος
Category: Anthropology
NEW. 1 Peter 3:4.
Defense Apologia
Approved rendering: คำตอบ / การให้เหตุผล
Transliteration: kham tob / kan hai het phon
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 3:15 (ἀπολογία).
Christian Name
Approved rendering: คริสเตียน
Transliteration: Christian
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 4:16. Established loanword; suffering specifically for bearing this name is cause for glorifying God, not shame.
Babylon Code
Approved rendering: บาบิโลน
Transliteration: Babylon
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Covenant
NEW. 1 Peter 5:13. Requires a translator note identifying it as a symbolic code for Rome, not the literal ancient Mesopotamian city.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: การจุมพิตด้วยความรัก [ฉันพี่น้อง]
Transliteration: kan chumphit duai khwam rak [chan phi nong]
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 5:14. Physical kissing is not a Thai greeting norm (the wai gesture is customary); preserve the scriptural text as-is and relocate cultural-equivalence handling to supplementary teaching notes.
Referenced passages