Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philippians (English → Thai)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the whole book of Philippians. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are marked REUSED and must be rendered exactly as recorded there — no deviation is permitted. Terms new to this curriculum are marked NEW and are proposed here for adoption into the shared translation memory (subject to the same versioning/increment rule as the baseline package).
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review recommended), Low (automated review sufficient).
Table 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans/Galatians Baseline
| Term | Greek | Thai Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Philippians Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | ข่าวประเสริฐ | High | Gospel / Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5,7,12,16,27; 2:22; 4:3,15 |
| grace | χάρις | พระคุณ | Critical | Grace | 1:2,7; 4:23 |
| faith | πίστις | ความเชื่อ | Medium | Faith / Righteousness by Faith | 1:25,27; 2:17; 3:9 |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ความชอบธรรม | Critical | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 1:11; 3:6,9 |
| justification (concept) | δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου/διὰ πίστεως | การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม / ความชอบธรรมที่มาโดยความเชื่อ | Critical | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:9 |
| salvation | σωτηρία | ความรอด | Critical | Salvation | 1:19,28; 2:12 |
| saints | ἅγιοι | วิสุทธิชน | High | Sainthood | 1:1; 4:21-22 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | สันติสุข | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2; 4:7,9 |
| glory | δόξα | พระสิริ | High | Deity of Christ / God’s Glory | 1:11; 2:11; 4:19-20 |
| calling | κλῆσις | การทรงเรียก | High | Divine Calling | 3:14 |
| law | νόμος | ธรรมบัญญัติ | High | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:5-6,9 |
| circumcision | περιτομή | การเข้าสุหนัต | Medium | Circumcision background | 3:3,5 |
| lord | κύριος | องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 2:11; 3:20; 4:1,4,5 |
| christ | Χριστός | พระคริสต์ | Critical | Christology (throughout) | throughout |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς | พระเยซู | Critical | Christology (throughout) | throughout |
| god | θεός | พระเจ้า | Critical | Deity of Christ / God the Father | throughout |
| father | πατήρ | พระบิดา | High | Trinitarian order | 1:2; 2:11; 4:20 |
| holy_spirit | πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) | พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ | Critical | Sanctification / Unity | 1:19; 2:1 |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 3:10-11,21 |
| power_of_god | δύναμις (θεοῦ) | ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า | High | Power of the Resurrection | 3:10; 4:13 |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | การขอบพระคุณ | Low | Thanksgiving | 4:6 |
| intercession | δέησις/προσευχή | การอธิษฐานวิงวอนแทน | Medium | Prayer | 1:4,19; 4:6 |
| fellowship | κοινωνία (generic) | การสามัคคีธรรม | Low | Christian Fellowship | 2:1 |
| son_of_god / sonship (concept) | ἴσα θεῷ, υἱός (implicit) | พระบุตรของพระเจ้า (background concept) | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ | 2:6 (background) |
Table 2 — New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
| Term (English label) | Greek | Transliteration | Thai Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passage(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Collision Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kenosis / self-emptying | ἐκένωσεν (κενόω) | ekenōsen | ทรงสละพระองค์เอง | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | Phil 2:7 | ”ทรงว่างเปล่า/ทรงสูญเปล่า” (would evoke สุญตา, Buddhist emptiness) | Must not be read as Christ ceasing to be God, becoming lesser, or a reversible/repeatable avatar-descent (cf. baseline incarnation prohibition on การอวตาร). Must not be confused with Buddhist śūnyatā (metaphysical emptiness of inherent self-nature). |
| form of God / essential nature | μορφή (θεοῦ) | morphē (theou) | สภาพ(เป็นพระเจ้า) | Critical | Deity of Christ / Kenosis | Phil 2:6 | ”รูปลักษณ์” (reserved for σχῆμα) | Denotes essential nature, not costume-like external appearance; conflating with σχῆμα undermines Christ’s true pre-incarnate deity. |
| outward form/fashion | σχῆμα | schēma | รูปลักษณ์ | Medium | Incarnation / Humanity of Christ | Phil 2:7 | ”สภาพ” (reserved for μορφή) | Must stay terminologically distinct from μορφή across vv.6-7. |
| a thing to be grasped | ἁρπαγμός | harpagmos | สิ่งที่จะต้องยึดฉวยไว้ | High | Deity of Christ / Kenosis | Phil 2:6 | — | Notoriously difficult term; must not imply Christ’s deity was illegitimately held, only that he declined to exploit it for advantage. |
| form of a slave | μορφὴν δούλου | morphēn doulou | สภาพทาส | High | Kenosis / Humanity of Christ | Phil 2:7 | ผู้รับใช้ (reserved for Paul’s self-designation, 1:1) | Deliberately radical/shocking status; softening to “servant” blunts the doctrinal force. |
| likeness of men | ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων | homoiōma anthrōpōn | สภาพเหมือนมนุษย์ | Medium | Humanity of Christ | Phil 2:7 | — | Must convey real humanity, not phantom/docetic appearance. |
| he humbled himself | ἐταπείνωσεν (ταπεινόω) | etapeinōsen | ทรงถ่อมพระองค์ลง | High | Kenosis / Humility | Phil 2:8; cf. 3:21 | — | Distinct act from κενόω; must not be merged with it. |
| highly exalted | ὑπερύψωσεν (ὑπερυψόω) | hyperypsōsen | ทรงยกขึ้นให้สูงเลิศที่สุด | Medium | Deity/Lordship of Christ | Phil 2:9 | — | Pauline coinage; intensifier should not be flattened. |
| bow every knee | γόνυ κάμψῃ | gony kampsē | คุกเข่ากราบ / น้อมกราบ | High | Lordship of Christ | Phil 2:10 | — | กราบ is the Thai gesture of reverence for Buddha images, monks, and the monarchy; must be explicitly anchored to Christ’s unique divine Lordship. Theologian review required for gesture-word choice. |
| confess (with the tongue) | ἐξομολογήσηται | exomologēsētai | จะยอมรับและประกาศ(ว่า) | Medium | Lordship of Christ / Salvation Confession | Phil 2:11 | — | Must retain public, verbal force; parallel to Romans 10:9. |
| Lord Jesus Christ (confession) | κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | kyrios Iēsous Christos | พระเยซูคริสต์ทรงเป็นองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Phil 2:11 | — | MUST match the fixed Romans 10:9 rendering exactly per cross-document consistency rule. |
| joy (Christian) | χαρά / χαίρω | chara / chairō | ความชื่นชมยินดี | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1:4,18,25; 2:2,17-18,29; 3:1; 4:1,4,10 | ความสุข (too generic/circumstantial) | Must not collapse into circumstantial luck (โชคดี) or Buddhist equanimity/detachment (อุเบกขา); Pauline joy persists specifically amid hardship because it is Christ-grounded. |
| have this mind/attitude | φρονέω | phroneō | มีความคิดจิตใจแบบเดียวกัน | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1:7; 2:2,5; 3:15,19; 4:2,10 | — | Settled disposition, not mere opinion; hinge verb of the whole hymn. |
| humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη | tapeinophrosynē | ความถ่อมใจ | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3 | เกรงใจ/สุภาพ (social politeness/deference) | Must be Christ-modeled self-abasement toward equals/inferiors, not hierarchical social etiquette. |
| tender affection/compassion | σπλάγχνα, οἰκτιρμοί | splanchna, oiktirmoi | ใจเมตตา, ความสงสาร/พระกรุณา | Medium-High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:1 | — | เมตตา/กรุณา are Buddhist Brahmavihāra terms; must be anchored as Christ-given, not self-cultivated meditative virtues. |
| vain conceit | κενοδοξία | kenodoxia | ความอวดดีอันไร้ประโยชน์ | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3 | — | Etymological antonym-echo of κενόω (2:7); note for teaching, translation loss unavoidable in Thai. |
| overseer (church office) | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | ผู้ปกครองคริสตจักร | Medium | Church Order | 1:1 | — | Distinct from baseline guardian (ผู้ปกครองดูแล = temporary paidagōgos); this is a permanent office. |
| deacon (church office) | διάκονος | diakonos | มัคนายก | High | Church Order | 1:1 | — | Established loanword from the Thai Buddhist lay-temple officer role; requires a clarifying teaching note. |
| gospel partnership | κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον / συγκοινωνέω | koinōnia eis to euangelion | การเป็นหุ้นส่วนในข่าวประเสริฐ | Medium-High | Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5,7; 4:14-15 | — | Distinct from generic fellowship; carries deliberate commercial/investment nuance (หุ้นส่วน) matching Paul’s accounting language. |
| work out your own salvation | κατεργάζεσθε τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν | katergazesthe | ทำให้ความรอดของท่านปรากฏผลสำเร็จ | Critical | Salvation / Grace vs. Merit | 2:12-13 | — | Highest-risk phrase in the letter; must be taught as giving effect to a God-given salvation (v.13), never as earning it — the same Critical grace/merit inversion risk the baseline already flags for grace, salvation, justification, works_of_the_law. |
| sacrifice / offering (metaphorical) | θυσία, σπένδομαι, ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας | thysia, spendomai | เครื่องบูชา, ถูกเทออกเหมือนเครื่องดื่มบูชา, กลิ่นหอมที่พึงใจ | High | Partnership in the Gospel | 2:17; 4:18 | — | บูชา vocabulary overlaps with Thai Buddhist/folk offerings to Buddha images, spirit houses, and ancestors; must be anchored to biblical sacrificial theology, not merit/favor-transaction logic. |
| rubbish/refuse | σκύβαλα | skybala | เศษขยะที่ไร้ค่า | Medium | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:8 | — | Deliberately crude/forceful; must preserve rhetorical intensity without becoming vulgar in formal register. |
| faith of/in Christ (ambiguous genitive) | πίστις Χριστοῦ | pistis Christou | ความเชื่อในพระคริสต์ | High (ambiguity flag) | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:9 | ความเชื่อของพระคริสต์ (subjective genitive, recorded as alternative_considered) | Object-of-faith clarity rule from baseline faith entry applies; flag for native speaker review. |
| mature/perfect | τέλειος | teleios | ผู้ใหญ่เต็มที่ฝ่ายวิญญาณ / บริบูรณ์ | High | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:12,15 | — | Must not collide with the arahant/self-attained-perfection ideal already flagged in baseline saints; Paul explicitly denies having “already attained.” |
| press on / lay hold of | διώκω, καταλαμβάνω | diōkō, katalambanō | มุ่งบุ่ายหน้าไป, จับยึดไว้ | High | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:12-14 | — | Must be anchored as response to already being grasped by Christ (3:12b) and empowered by him (4:13), not self-powered attainment resembling the Noble Eightfold Path structure. |
| goal / prize | σκοπός, βραβεῖον | skopos, brabeion | เป้าหมาย, รางวัลแห่งชัย | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 3:14 | — | Prize is God’s gracious award, not a self-earned phala (result of practice). |
| citizenship (heavenly) | πολίτευμα / πολιτεύεσθε | politeuma / politeuesthe | ความเป็นพลเมือง(แห่งสวรรค์) | Critical/High | Citizenship in Heaven | 1:27; 3:20 | สัญชาติ (too narrowly legal-political) | Highest political-sensitivity risk in the letter; must not read as subversive toward, or a repudiation of, the Thai “Nation-Religion-King” civic identity while still preserving heavenly citizenship’s real primacy. Requires dual theologian + native speaker review, parallel to the baseline’s Romans 13 caution. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | พระผู้ช่วยให้รอด | Medium | Citizenship in Heaven / Salvation | 3:20 | — | Reuses baseline salvation root; low ambiguity. |
| transformed / conformed | μετασχηματίσει, σύμμορφον | metaschēmatisei, symmorphon | จะทรงเปลี่ยนแปลง…ให้เป็นเหมือน(พระกาย) | Medium | Resurrection Hope | 3:21 | — | μορφή-family echo of 2:6-7 hymn; Greek-only literary link, address via teaching note. |
| contentment | αὐτάρκης / αὐτάρκεια | autarkēs / autarkeia | ความพอใจ(ในพระคริสต์) | Critical | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:11 | สันโดษ (Buddhist ascetic contentment); ความพอเพียง (Thai royal “Sufficiency Economy” ideology) | The single highest Thai-specific collision risk in the letter. Must always be explicitly qualified as contentment grounded in Christ’s strengthening (4:13), never as a self-cultivated virtue or national economic philosophy. |
| I can do all things through him who strengthens me | πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με | panta ischyō en tō endynamounti me | ข้าพเจ้าทำทุกสิ่งได้โดยพระองค์ผู้ทรงเสริมกำลังข้าพเจ้า | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:13 | — | Globally over-quoted as generic self-help; the explicit empowering agent must never be dropped. |
| learned the secret (mystery-initiation idiom) | μεμύημαι | memyēmai | ได้เรียนรู้เคล็ดลับ(นี้แล้ว) | Medium | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:12 | — | Avoid vivid “initiation” language that could evoke Thai occult/folk-magic initiation rites (ไสยศาสตร์). |
| fruit (of giving) | καρπός | karpos | ผล | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | 4:17 | ผลบุญ, ผลกรรม (rejected — karmic fruit) | Reuses the Galatians fruit_of_the_spirit caution. |
Table 3 — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference
| Doctrine (Curriculum Parameter) | Governing Terms | Risk Ceiling |
|---|---|---|
| The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) | κενόω, μορφή, σχῆμα, ἁρπαγμός, δοῦλος, ὁμοίωμα, ταπεινόω | Critical |
| Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | χαρά, χαίρω, δεσμά, πάσχειν, ἀγών | High |
| Unity and Humility in the Church | φρονέω, ταπεινοφροσύνη, σπλάγχνα, οἰκτιρμοί, κενοδοξία, ἐριθεία | High |
| Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | δικαιοσύνη, νόμος, πίστις Χριστοῦ, περιτομή, σκύβαλα | Critical |
| Contentment in All Circumstances | αὐτάρκεια, ἐνδυναμοῦντί, μεμύημαι | Critical |
| Citizenship in Heaven | πολίτευμα, πολιτεύεσθε, σωτήρ | Critical/High |
| Partnership in the Gospel | κοινωνία, συγκοινωνέω, θυσία, ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, καρπός | High |
| Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | διώκω, καταλαμβάνω, τέλειος, σκοπός, βραβεῖον | High |
Notes for Phase 2 Translation Memory Integration
- All Critical-risk new terms in Table 2 (kenosis, μορφή θεοῦ, γόνυ κάμψῃ’s Lord-confession pairing, κατεργάζεσθε τὴν σωτηρίαν, πολίτευμα, αὐτάρκεια) require human theologian review at every occurrence, per the baseline’s escalation rules.
- The following pairs must remain terminologically distinct in Thai across the whole book, or doctrinal precision from the Greek is lost:
- μορφή (σภาพ) vs. σχῆμα (รูปลักษณ์) — Phil 2:6-7
- ἐκένωσεν (ทรงสละพระองค์เอง) vs. ἐταπείνωσεν (ทรงถ่อมพระองค์ลง) — Phil 2:7-8
- ผู้รับใช้ (Paul’s self-designation, δοῦλος at 1:1) vs. สภาพทาส (Christ’s assumed nature, δοῦλος at 2:7)
- ผู้ปกครองคริสตจักร (ἐπίσκοπος, permanent church office) vs. ผู้ปกครองดูแล (baseline
guardian, temporary paidagōgos)
- Three terms in this curriculum reach or exceed the highest collision severity documented anywhere in the baseline package to date: κενόω (self-emptying vs. Buddhist śūnyatā), κατεργάζεσθε τὴν σωτηρίαν (“work out salvation” vs. merit-making), and αὐτάρκεια (contentment vs. สันโดษ/เศรษฐกิจพอเพียง). All three should be treated as flagship Critical-risk case studies in Phase 2 translator training materials, alongside the Galatians package’s existing flagship case (sowing and reaping vs. กฎแห่งกรรม).
- This glossary must be merged into
translation_memory.jsonas a version increment before any Phase 2 segment translation of Philippians begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: Grace / Salvation Worked Out through God’s Enabling
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Especially critical near Philippians 2:12-13 (‘work out your own salvation’), where grace/merit confusion is at its highest risk in this letter; see work_out_salvation entry.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: บุญกุศล, ความดี
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Directly extends the Galatians justification_by_faith doctrine into Philippians 3:6,9; also the fruit believers bear at 1:11 (see fruit_of_righteousness).
Justification
Approved rendering: การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: kan thuk nap wa pen phu chop tham
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: การได้บุญ
Original: δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. At Philippians 3:9 this compound phrase combines with faith and law vocabulary to render ‘ความชอบธรรมที่มาโดยความเชื่อ’ (righteousness that comes by faith) as the forensic contrast to law-righteousness.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: Salvation / Salvation Worked Out through God’s Enabling
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:19,28; especially critical at 2:12 where the surrounding verb (κατεργάζεσθε) creates this letter’s single highest merit-collision risk; see work_out_salvation.
Lord
Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ and Universal Confession
Rejected alternatives: เจ้านาย, ท่านผู้นำ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the hymn’s climactic title at 2:11 and the repeated joy commands of 3:20; 4:1,4,5. Must not blur with Thai’s royal honorific register.
Christ
Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Christology (throughout)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from the Galatians baseline addition (established proper-name form). Used consistently throughout Philippians, most densely in the hymn (2:6-11) and 1:21’s ‘to live is Christ.‘
Jesus
Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard Thai Bible form; joined with Christ and Lord in the hymn’s climactic confession (2:10-11).
God
Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The Father to whose glory Christ’s exaltation is directed (2:11); never เทวดา or พระพรหม.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification / Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Source of the Philippians’ fellowship (2:1) and of the help Paul expects through prayer (1:19); never วิญญาณ alone or ผี.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย
Transliteration: kan pen khuen chak tai
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 3:10-11 (Paul’s pursuit) and 3:21 (bodily transformation); never rebirth/reincarnation vocabulary.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: พระบุตรของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra But khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เทพบุตร, อวตารของพระเจ้า
Original: ἴσα θεῷ / υἱός (implicit)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. The background concept undergirding the hymn’s claim that Christ existed ‘in the form of God’ (2:6); never เทพบุตร or อวตารของพระเจ้า.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: การทรงบังเกิดเป็นมนุษย์
Transliteration: kan song bangkoet pen manut
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: การอวตาร
Inherited from Romans package. Background doctrine for Philippians 2:6-8; kept lexically and conceptually distinct from, but doctrinally consistent with, the new kenosis entry below; never การอวตาร.
Kenosis
Approved rendering: ทรงสละพระองค์เอง
Transliteration: song sala phra-ong eng
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: ทรงว่างเปล่า, ทรงสูญเปล่า
Original: ἐκένωσεν (κενόω)
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:7. Christ’s voluntary self-emptying in the incarnation. Never rendered with vocabulary evoking Buddhist สุญตา (śūnyatā, metaphysical emptiness of inherent self-nature); never implies Christ ceased to be God or underwent a reversible avatar-style descent.
Form Of God
Approved rendering: สภาพ(เป็นพระเจ้า)
Transliteration: sapap (pen Phra Chao)
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: รูปลักษณ์ (reserved for schema)
Original: μορφή θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:6 (μορφή θεοῦ). Christ’s continuous pre-incarnate essential nature, not mere outward appearance. Must stay lexically distinct from schema_outward_form; conflating the two reduces Christ’s deity to a costume.
Lord Jesus Christ Confession
Approved rendering: พระเยซูคริสต์ทรงเป็นองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Yesu Khrit song pen ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ and Universal Confession
Original: κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:11. MUST match the fixed Romans 10:9 formula (พระเยซูทรงเป็นองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า) exactly, adjusted only to add ‘Christ,’ per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule. Never collapses into ordinary respectful address or political commentary.
Contentment
Approved rendering: ความพอใจ(ในพระคริสต์)
Transliteration: khwam pho jai (nai Phra Khrit)
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: สันโดษ, ความพอเพียง
Original: αὐτάρκης / αὐτάρκεια
Category: Ethics
NEW. αὐτάρκεια (4:11). The single highest Thai-specific collision risk in the letter. NEVER สันโดษ (Buddhist monastic renunciation-contentment) or ความพอเพียง (the royally-originated ‘Sufficiency Economy’ national philosophy). Must always retain the explicit Christ-clause from v.13.
Work Out Salvation
Approved rendering: ทำให้ความรอดของท่านปรากฏผลสำเร็จ
Transliteration: tham hai khwam rot khong than prakot phon samret
Doctrine: Salvation Worked Out through God’s Enabling
Original: κατεργάζεσθε τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 2:12-13 (κατεργάζεσθε τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν). The single most dangerous phrase in the letter for a Thai audience; must not collapse into ทำบุญ/สร้างบารมี. v.13 (‘it is God who works in you’) must ground and precede v.12 in every rendering and teaching note.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khao prasoet
Doctrine: Gospel / Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ข่าวดี
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly. Governs Philippians’ partnership-in-mission vocabulary throughout (1:5,7,12,16,27; 2:22; 4:3,15); still the unique proclamation of salvation through Christ, not generic good news.
Glory
Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: บารมี
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:11; 2:11; 4:19-20; never บารมี (accumulated moral perfection/charisma associated with monks and monarchy).
Calling
Approved rendering: การทรงเรียก
Transliteration: kan song riak
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the ‘upward call’ (ἄνω κλῆσις) of 3:14; never fixed astrological destiny (โชคชะตา).
Law
Approved rendering: ธรรมบัญญัติ
Transliteration: tham banyat
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: พระธรรมวินัย
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The specific Mosaic Law central to Paul’s polemic at 3:5-6,9; never a general dharma-like cosmic moral order.
Father
Approved rendering: พระบิดา
Transliteration: Phra Bida
Doctrine: Trinitarian order
Rejected alternatives: พ่อขุน
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the greeting (1:2), the hymn’s doxology (2:11), and the final benediction (4:20); avoid พ่อขุน’s political-ruler framing.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: rit det khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: อำนาจศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของวัตถุมงคล
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 3:10 (resurrection power) and 4:13 (strengthening); never amulet/holy-object potency; 4:13 is globally over-quoted and must retain its explicit agent.
Harpagmos
Approved rendering: สิ่งที่จะต้องยึดฉวยไว้
Transliteration: sing thi cha tong yuet chuai wai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ἁρπαγμός
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:6 (ἁρπαγμός). Must not imply Christ’s deity was illegitimately held; conveys that he declined to exploit what was truly and rightfully his own.
Form Of A Slave
Approved rendering: สภาพทาส
Transliteration: sapap that
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) / Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ผู้รับใช้ (reserved for Paul’s self-designation, 1:1)
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:7 (μορφὴν δούλου). Christ’s assumed slave-nature, the most radical possible social descent. Must be stronger than ผู้รับใช้, or Paul’s shocking point is blunted.
Humbled Himself
Approved rendering: ทรงถ่อมพระองค์ลง
Transliteration: song thom phra-ong long
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) / Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν (ταπεινόω)
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:8 (ἐταπείνωσεν). Christ’s further, voluntary act of obedient self-humbling within his assumed humanity. Must stay distinct from kenosis (v.7); collapsing the two loses the hymn’s two-stage descent.
Bow Every Knee
Approved rendering: คุกเข่ากราบ / น้อมกราบ
Transliteration: khuk khao krap / nom krap
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ and Universal Confession
Original: γόνυ κάμψῃ
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:10 (γόνυ κάμψῃ). กราบ is the Thai gesture of reverence toward Buddha images, monks, and ceremonially the monarchy; must be explicitly anchored to Christ’s unique divine Lordship at every occurrence, not a generic transferable act of respect. Theologian review required for gesture-word choice.
Joy
Approved rendering: ความชื่นชมยินดี
Transliteration: khwam chuenchom yindi
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: ความสุข (too generic/circumstantial)
Original: χαρά / χαίρω
Category: Ethics
NEW. Governs χαρά/χαίρω throughout (1:4,18,25; 2:2,17-18,29; 3:1; 4:1,4,10). Must not collapse into circumstantial luck (โชคดี, ดวงดี) or Buddhist equanimity/detachment (อุเบกขา); Pauline joy is engaged and Christ-grounded, present within, not despite, hardship.
Humility
Approved rendering: ความถ่อมใจ
Transliteration: khwam thom jai
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: เกรงใจ, สุภาพ
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Ethics
NEW. ταπεινοφροσύνη (2:3). Christ-modeled self-abasement toward equals and inferiors, not hierarchical social deference etiquette owed upward to a superior.
Tender Affection Compassion
Approved rendering: ใจเมตตา / ความสงสาร (พระกรุณา)
Transliteration: jai metta / khwam songsan (phra karuna)
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: σπλάγχνα / οἰκτιρμοί
Category: Ethics
NEW. σπλάγχνα/οἰκτιρμοί (2:1). เมตตา/กรุณา are Brahmavihāra terms cultivated through meditative discipline; must be taught as Christ-given, relational affection, not a self-cultivated Buddhist virtue.
Deacon
Approved rendering: มัคนายก
Transliteration: makkhanayok
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
NEW. Philippians 1:1 (διάκονος). Established Thai Christian loanword borrowed from the Thai Buddhist lay-temple-officer role; retained by convention, but requires a clarifying teaching note distinguishing the NT diaconal office from its Buddhist loanword origin.
Gospel Partnership
Approved rendering: การเป็นหุ้นส่วนในข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: kan pen hun suan nai khao prasoet
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον / συγκοινωνέω
Category: Church
NEW. κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον / συγκοινωνέω (1:5,7; 4:14-15). Distinct from the generic fellowship entry; carries Paul’s deliberate commercial-accounting nuance (หุ้นส่วน) but must not be reduced to a cold contractual transaction.
Sacrificial Giving Offering
Approved rendering: เครื่องบูชา / ถูกเทออกเหมือนเครื่องดื่มบูชา / กลิ่นหอมที่พึงใจ
Transliteration: khrueang bucha / thuk theo ok muean khrueang duem bucha / klin hom thi phueng jai
Doctrine: Sacrificial Giving and Worship / Partnership in the Gospel
Original: θυσία / σπένδομαι / ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας
Category: Church
NEW. θυσία/σπένδομαι/ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας (2:17; 4:18). บูชา vocabulary overlaps with everyday Thai offerings to Buddha images, spirit houses, and ancestors; must be anchored to biblical sacrificial theology, never a merit/favor transaction.
Fellowship Of Sufferings
Approved rendering: การมีส่วนร่วมในความทุกข์ทรมานของพระองค์ / ฤทธิ์เดชแห่งการเป็นขึ้นจากตายของพระองค์
Transliteration: kan mi suan ruam nai khwam thuk thoraman khong phra-ong / rit det haeng kan pen khuen chak tai khong phra-ong
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
Original: κοινωνία παθημάτων / δύναμις ἀναστάσεως
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 3:10 (κοινωνία παθημάτων/δύναμις ἀναστάσεως). Combines the baseline’s Critical resurrection with power_of_god; suffering here is purposeful participation in Christ’s pattern, never impersonal misfortune (เคราะห์กรรม).
Strengthened For All Things
Approved rendering: ข้าพเจ้าทำทุกสิ่งได้โดยพระองค์ผู้ทรงเสริมกำลังข้าพเจ้า
Transliteration: khap chao tham thuk sing dai doi phra-ong phu song soem kamlang khap chao
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Power in Weakness / Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με
Category: Ethics
NEW. Philippians 4:13. Globally over-quoted as generic self-help; the explicit empowering agent (ผู้ทรงเสริมกำลัง) must never be dropped.
Gods Enabling Work Within
Approved rendering: พระเจ้าผู้ทรงกระทำการอยู่ภายในท่าน / ตามชอบพระทัยของพระองค์
Transliteration: Phra Chao phu song kratham kan yu phai nai than / tam chop phra thai khong phra-ong
Doctrine: Salvation Worked Out through God’s Enabling
Original: ὁ ἐνεργῶν / εὐδοκία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 2:13 (ὁ ἐνεργῶν/εὐδοκία). Extends the baseline providence entry’s personal-agency emphasis; never เวรกรรม or ดวง.
Faith Of Christ
Approved rendering: ความเชื่อในพระคริสต์
Transliteration: khwam cheua nai Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: ความเชื่อของพระคริสต์ (subjective genitive, recorded as alternative_considered)
Original: πίστις Χριστοῦ
Category: Faith
NEW. Philippians 3:9 (πίστις Χριστοῦ). Objective-genitive rendering adopted per the baseline’s faith object-clarity rule; the subjective reading is flagged for native speaker review.
Mature Perfect
Approved rendering: ผู้ใหญ่เต็มที่ฝ่ายวิญญาณ / บริบูรณ์
Transliteration: phu yai tem thi fai winyan / boriboon
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: τέλειος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 3:12,15 (τέλειος). Must not collide with the baseline’s arahant-adjacent saints caution; Paul explicitly denies having ‘already attained.‘
Press On Lay Hold
Approved rendering: มุ่งบุ่ายหน้าไป / จับยึดไว้(ให้เป็นของตน)
Transliteration: mung buai na pai / chap yuet wai (hai pen khong ton)
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω / καταλαμβάνω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 3:12-14 (διώκω/καταλαμβάνω). Must be anchored as response to already being grasped by Christ (3:12b) and empowered by him (4:13), never unaided self-effort resembling the Noble Eightfold Path.
Citizenship In Heaven
Approved rendering: ความเป็นพลเมือง(แห่งสวรรค์)
Transliteration: khwam pen phonlamueang (haeng sawan)
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: สัญชาติ (too narrowly legal-political)
Original: πολίτευμα / πολιτεύεσθε
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Philippians 1:27; 3:20 (πολίτευμα/πολιτεύεσθε). The letter’s highest political-sensitivity risk given the ‘Nation-Religion-King’ civic identity; must be taught as a transcendent, primary allegiance that relativizes without repudiating legitimate civic duty. Always qualified with ‘แห่งสวรรค์,’ never bare. Requires dual theologian + native speaker review.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: Faith / Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith must remain Christ; governs 1:25,27; 2:17; 3:9 and grounds the faith_of_christ entry below.
Saints
Approved rendering: วิสุทธิชน
Transliteration: wisutthichon
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: พระอรหันต์
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at 1:1; 4:21-22. Not an ascetic elite comparable to a พระอรหันต์; every believer in the Philippian congregation is included.
Peace
Approved rendering: สันติสุข
Transliteration: santisuk
Doctrine: Peace with God / Prayer and Freedom from Anxiety
Rejected alternatives: ความสงบทางใจ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the epistolary greeting (1:2) and, combined with ὑπερέχουσα, the transcendent peace of 4:7,9; see peace_that_surpasses_understanding.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: การเข้าสุหนัต
Transliteration: kan khao sunat
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: περιτομή
Category: Law
Inherited from the Galatians baseline addition. Governs Paul’s repudiated former confidences at 3:3,5; no Thai cultural equivalent, requires a short explanatory note on OT covenantal meaning as in the Galatians package.
Intercession
Approved rendering: การอธิษฐานวิงวอนแทน
Transliteration: kan athitthan wingwon thaen
Doctrine: Prayer and Freedom from Anxiety
Rejected alternatives: การบนบานศาลกล่าว
Original: δέησις / προσευχή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Paul’s prayers for the Philippians (1:4,19) and the prescribed antidote to anxiety (4:6); never vow-making at a spirit shrine.
Schema Outward Form
Approved rendering: รูปลักษณ์
Transliteration: rup lak
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ / The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: สภาพ (reserved for morphē)
Original: σχῆμα
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:7 (σχῆμα). The outward, observable fashion of Christ’s assumed humanity, distinct from his essential divine nature (μορφή, form_of_god).
Likeness Of Men
Approved rendering: สภาพเหมือนมนุษย์
Transliteration: sapap muean manut
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:7 (ὁμοίωμα ἀνθρώπων). Real, substantial humanity, not a docetic phantom-appearance.
Obedient To Death
Approved rendering: ทรงเชื่อฟัง(จนถึงความมรณา)
Transliteration: song cheuafang (chon thueng khwam morana)
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
NEW. Philippians 2:8 (ὑπήκοος). Christ’s perfect obedience, the positive counterpart to human disobedience; distinct from the baseline’s obedience_of_faith entry, which concerns believers, not Christ himself.
Death On A Cross
Approved rendering: ความมรณาบนไม้กางเขน
Transliteration: khwam morana bon mai kang khen
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
NEW. Philippians 2:8. The specific, shameful mode of death reserved for slaves and rebels, intensifying the form_of_a_slave imagery of v.7; must not be abbreviated to a generic ‘death’ that loses the shame-intensification.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: ทรงยกขึ้นให้สูงเลิศที่สุด
Transliteration: song yok khuen hai sung loet thi sut
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Lordship of Christ and Universal Confession
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν (ὑπερυψόω)
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:9 (ὑπερύψωσεν). A Pauline coinage with an intensifying prefix; must not be flattened to a generic ‘exalted.‘
Confess Lordship
Approved rendering: จะยอมรับและประกาศ(ว่า)
Transliteration: cha yom rap lae prakat (wa)
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ and Universal Confession
Original: ἐξομολογήσηται
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 2:11 (ἐξομολογήσηται). Must retain public, verbal, confessional force, not a private internal acknowledgment.
Transformed Conformed Body
Approved rendering: จะทรงเปลี่ยนแปลง…ให้เป็นเหมือนพระกายอันทรงพระสิริของพระองค์
Transliteration: cha song plian plaeng… hai pen muean phra kai an song phra siri khong phra-ong
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
Original: μετασχηματίσει / σύμμορφον
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 3:21 (μετασχηματίσει/σύμμορφον). Shares the μορφή word-family with the 2:6-7 hymn; this literary echo is lost in Thai and should be recovered via a teaching note.
Conformed To His Death
Approved rendering: ทรงให้เป็นอย่างเดียวกันกับการตายของพระองค์
Transliteration: song hai pen yang diao kan kap kan tai khong phra-ong
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
Original: συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Philippians 3:10 (συμμορφιζόμενος). Believers conformed to Christ’s cruciform pattern; μορφή-root echo of 2:6-7 addressed via teaching note, not lexical fix.
Body Of Humiliation
Approved rendering: กายอันต่ำต้อยของเรา
Transliteration: kai an tam toi khong rao
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and Bodily Transformation
NEW. Philippians 3:21 (ταπείνωσις). Echoes ἐταπείνωσεν (2:8); the recurring ταπεινο- root should be flagged for translator training.
Mindset Phroneo
Approved rendering: มีความคิดจิตใจแบบเดียวกัน
Transliteration: mi khwam khit chit jai baep diao kan
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: φρονέω
Category: Ethics
NEW. φρονέω, the hinge verb of the whole hymn frame (1:7; 2:2,5; 3:15,19; 4:2,10). Must convey settled disposition, not mere opinion, and stay anchored to ‘in Christ Jesus’ (2:5).
Vain Conceit
Approved rendering: ความอวดดีอันไร้ประโยชน์
Transliteration: khwam uat di an rai prayot
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κενοδοξία
Category: Ethics
NEW. κενοδοξία (2:3). Shares the κενός (‘empty’) root with κενόω (kenosis, v.7) — an etymological antonym-echo lost in Thai; recommended teaching-note flag.
Paraklesis Paramythion
Approved rendering: การหนุนใจ / การปลอบโยน
Transliteration: kan nun jai / kan plob yon
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
NEW. Philippians 2:1 (παράκλησις/παραμύθιον). Mutual encouragement and comfort ‘in Christ’; must stay anchored to that phrase so it is not read as secular motivational encouragement. หนุนใจ reuses the baseline exhort verb root.
Pauls Servant Self Designation
Approved rendering: ผู้รับใช้ของพระเยซูคริสต์
Transliteration: phu rap chai khong Phra Yesu Khrit
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
NEW. Philippians 1:1 (δοῦλος, Paul’s self-designation). Deliberately softer than form_of_a_slave (Christ’s assumed nature at 2:7); the two renderings must stay distinct across the letter.
Overseer
Approved rendering: ผู้ปกครองคริสตจักร
Transliteration: phu pokkhrong khritsatchak
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW. Philippians 1:1 (ἐπίσκοπος). Must not be confused with the baseline’s guardian entry (ผู้ปกครองดูแล, the Galatians paidagōgos, a temporary custodial role); this is a distinct, permanent church office.
Giving And Receiving
Approved rendering: การให้และการรับ
Transliteration: kan hai lae kan rap
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήψεως
Category: Church
NEW. Philippians 4:15 (λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήψεως). Deliberate bookkeeping idiom; should not be spiritualized away into vague fellowship language.
Good Work Of God
Approved rendering: พระราชกิจอันดี
Transliteration: phra ratchakit an di
Doctrine: Salvation Worked Out through God’s Enabling
Rejected alternatives: กรรมดี
Original: ἔργον ἀγαθόν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 1:6 (ἔργον ἀγαθόν). God’s own initiating and completing work in believers; must never be rendered with กรรมดี (good karma), the opposite doctrinal direction.
Fruit Of Giving
Approved rendering: ผล
Transliteration: phon
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ผลบุญ, ผลกรรม
Original: καρπός
Category: Church
NEW. Philippians 4:17 (καρπός). Reuses the Galatians baseline’s fruit_of_the_spirit caution; never karmic fruit vocabulary.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ผลแห่งความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: phon haeng khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: ผลบุญ, ผลกรรม
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 1:11 (καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης). The visible outworking of a righteousness already granted through Christ, not self-generated merit accumulation.
Bonds Imprisonment
Approved rendering: โซ่ตรวน / การถูกจองจำ
Transliteration: so truan / kan thuk chongcham
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: δεσμά
Category: Ethics
NEW. Philippians 1:7,13,14,17 (δεσμά). Purposeful suffering for the gospel embraced with joy, never impersonal misfortune (เคราะห์กรรม).
Suffering And Struggle
Approved rendering: ทนทุกข์ / การต่อสู้ดิ้นรน
Transliteration: thon thuk / kan tosu dinron
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment / Gospel Proclamation amid Opposition
Original: πάσχειν / ἀγών
Category: Ethics
NEW. Philippians 1:29-30 (πάσχειν/ἀγών). Suffering granted as a privilege, not read as negative-merit karmic outcome.
To Live Is Christ To Die Is Gain
Approved rendering: การมีชีวิตอยู่ก็เพื่อพระคริสต์ การตายก็ได้กำไร
Transliteration: kan mi chiwit yu ko phuea Phra Khrit, kan tai ko dai kamrai
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ / Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: τὸ ζῆν Χριστός, τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος
Category: Ethics
NEW. Philippians 1:21. κέρδος (‘gain’) is a commercial-accounting term echoed at 3:7-8 and 4:15,17; the business-ledger metaphor field should be preserved consistently.
Zemia Kerdos
Approved rendering: ขาดทุน / กำไร
Transliteration: khat thun / kamrai
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
NEW. Philippians 3:7-8 (ζημία/κέρδος). Paul’s law-based credentials, once ‘gain,’ now ‘loss’; echoes 1:21’s κέρδος and should be rendered with the same commercial-metaphor field.
Learned The Secret
Approved rendering: ได้เรียนรู้เคล็ดลับ(นี้แล้ว)
Transliteration: dai rianru khletlap (ni laeo)
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: μεμύημαι
Category: Ethics
NEW. Philippians 4:12 (μεμύημαι). Paul’s repurposed mystery-cult initiation idiom; a literal ‘initiation’ rendering could evoke Thai occult/folk-magic initiation rites (ไสยศาสตร์); use the plain, non-mystical gloss.
Peace That Surpasses Understanding
Approved rendering: สันติสุขของพระเจ้าที่เกินความเข้าใจ
Transliteration: santisuk khong Phra Chao thi koen khwam khaojai
Doctrine: Prayer and Freedom from Anxiety
Original: εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 4:7. Reuses the baseline peace entry; must be distinguished from meditative mental calm (ความสงบทางใจ) achieved through Buddhist mindfulness practice.
Rubbish Skybala
Approved rendering: เศษขยะที่ไร้ค่า
Transliteration: set khaya thi rai kha
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: σκύβαλα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 3:8 (σκύβαλα). Paul’s deliberately crude term for his law-based résumé; the shock value is doctrinally load-bearing and should be preserved without becoming vulgar in formal register.
Knowledge Of Christ
Approved rendering: ความรู้จัก(พระคริสต์)
Transliteration: khwam ru chak (Phra Khrit)
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law / Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
NEW. Philippians 3:8,10 (γνῶσις). Relational knowing, not intellectual/gnostic knowledge.
Goal And Prize
Approved rendering: เป้าหมาย / รางวัลแห่งชัย(ที่พระเจ้าประทาน)
Transliteration: pao mai / rangwan haeng chai (thi Phra Chao prathan)
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: σκοπός / βραβεῖον
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 3:14 (σκοπός/βραβεῖον). The prize is God’s gracious award, not a self-earned phala of disciplined practice.
Savior
Approved rendering: พระผู้ช่วยให้รอด
Transliteration: Phra Phu Chuai Hai Rot
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Philippians 3:20 (σωτήρ). Reuses the baseline salvation root; connects heavenly citizenship to eschatological rescue.
Day Of Christ
Approved rendering: วันแห่งพระคริสต์
Transliteration: wan haeng Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Eschatology
Original: ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Philippians 1:6,10. The eschatological day of Christ’s return/judgment; distinguished from cyclical world-age eschatology, consistent with the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy caution.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: การขอบพระคุณ
Transliteration: kan khop phra khun
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Prescribed accompaniment to petition instead of anxiety at 4:6.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: การสามัคคีธรรม
Transliteration: kan samakkhi tham
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: มิตรภาพ
Original: κοινωνία (generic sense)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for the generic κοινωνία sense at 2:1 (shared participation in the Spirit); distinct from the commercial-partnership sense at 1:5,7; 4:14-15, see gospel_partnership.
Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: การชิงดีชิงเด่น / ความเห็นแก่ตัว
Transliteration: kan ching di ching den / khwam hen kae tua
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: ἐριθεία
Category: Ethics
NEW. ἐριθεία (2:3). Standard ethical vocabulary; minimal Thai-specific collision.
Sympsychos
Approved rendering: มีจิตใจเป็นหนึ่งเดียวกัน
Transliteration: mi chit jai pen nueng diao kan
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
NEW. Philippians 2:2 (σύμψυχος). Intensifies φρονέω with a picture of soul-level unity.
Isopsychos Timothy
Approved rendering: มีใจเดียวกัน(กับข้าพเจ้า)
Transliteration: mi jai diao kan (kap khap chao)
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW. Philippians 2:20 (ἰσόψυχος). Timothy described as like-minded with Paul; echoes σύμψυχος at 2:2.
Anxiety And Prayer
Approved rendering: อย่าวิตกกังวลในสิ่งใดเลย / การอธิษฐานและการทูลขอด้วยการขอบพระคุณ
Transliteration: ya witok kangwon nai sing dai loei / kan athitthan lae kan thun kho duai kan khop phra khun
Doctrine: Prayer and Freedom from Anxiety
Original: μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε / προσευχή καὶ δέησις μετ᾽ εὐχαριστίας
Category: Faith
NEW. Philippians 4:6. Standard exhortational vocabulary reusing the baseline’s intercession/thanksgiving word families.
Enemies Of The Cross
Approved rendering: ศัตรูของไม้กางเขนของพระคริสต์
Transliteration: satru khong mai kang khen khong Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven (contrast case)
NEW. Philippians 3:18 (ἐχθροὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ). Those who oppose the cross’s self-giving demand; low Thai-specific collision risk.
Belly As God
Approved rendering: ท้อง(ของเขาเป็นพระของเขา)
Transliteration: thong (khong khao pen phra khong khao)
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven (contrast case)
NEW. Philippians 3:19 (κοιλία). Vivid idiom for appetite-governed living; retain the blunt idiom rather than softening it into abstraction.
Gentleness Epieikes
Approved rendering: ความสุภาพอ่อนโยน
Transliteration: khwam suphap on yon
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
NEW. Philippians 4:5 (ἐπιεικές). Low Thai-specific collision risk.
Virtue Meditation List
Approved rendering: จงใคร่ครวญ/นึกถึงสิ่งเหล่านี้
Transliteration: chong khrai khruan / nuek thueng sing lao ni
Doctrine: General Ethical Exhortation
NEW. Philippians 4:8 (λογίζεσθε + virtue list). Standard ethical vocabulary; minimal Thai-specific collision risk. ἀρετή (excellence/virtue) rendered คุณธรรม/ความล้ำเลิศ.
Referenced passages