Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Acts (English → Thai)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified across the full analysis of Acts 1-28 (07_semantic_analysis.md). Terms already established in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and carry forward their recorded Thai rendering, risk tier, and doctrinal notes unchanged. Terms newly introduced by Acts are marked [NEW] with an assigned risk tier consistent with the baseline’s methodology, ready for incorporation into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 1 Step 2.
Part A — Baseline Terms Reused in Acts
| Term | Thai Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) in Acts | Key Acts Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | ข่าวประเสริฐ | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 8:25; 14:7; 15:7; 20:24 |
| grace | พระคุณ | Critical | Justification apart from the Law | 4:33; 11:23; 14:3, 26; 15:11, 40; 18:27; 20:24, 32 |
| faith | ความเชื่อ | Medium | Repentance and Baptism; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 3:16; 6:5, 7; 11:24; 14:9, 22, 27; 15:9; 16:31; 20:21; 26:18 |
| righteousness | ความชอบธรรม | Critical | Justification apart from the Law | 13:39; 17:31; 24:25 |
| justification | การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม | Critical | Justification apart from the Law | 13:39 |
| salvation | ความรอด | Critical | Repentance and Baptism; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 2:21, 40, 47; 4:12; 11:14; 13:26, 47; 15:11; 16:17, 30-31 |
| apostle | อัครทูต | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 1:2, 25-26; 2:37, 42-43; 4:33-37; 5:2, 12, 18, 29, 34, 40; 8:1, 14, 18; 9:27; 11:1; 14:4, 14; 15:2, 4, 6, 22-23, 33; 16:4 |
| called / calling | ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก / การทรงเรียก | High | Conversion of Paul; Divine Calling | 2:39; 9:15; 13:2; 16:10 |
| holy | บริสุทธิ์ | High | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | throughout, esp. as qualifier of Spirit |
| saints | วิสุทธิชน | Medium | The Church as Community | 9:13, 32, 41; 26:10 |
| sanctification | การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์ | High | The Church as Community | 20:32; 26:18 |
| resurrection | การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย | Critical | Conversion of Paul; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 1:22; 2:24, 31-32; 3:15, 26; 4:2, 10, 33; 5:30; 10:40-41; 13:30, 33-37; 17:18, 31-32; 23:6, 8; 24:15, 21; 26:8, 23 |
| lord | องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า | Critical | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Apostolic Authority | 2:21, 34, 36, 39; 4:33; 9:5, 10-17; 10:36; 11:20; 16:31; 22:8-10 |
| son_of_god | พระบุตรของพระเจ้า | Critical | Conversion of Paul | 9:20; 13:33 |
| incarnation (conceptual) | การทรงบังเกิดเป็นมนุษย์ | Critical | Humanity/Deity of Christ (background) | Implicit throughout Christological speeches |
| holy_spirit | พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ | Critical | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | throughout, especially chs.1-2, 4-5, 8, 10, 13, 15-16, 19-20 |
| father | พระบิดา | High | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 1:4, 7; 2:33 |
| christ / messiah | พระคริสต์ / พระเมสสิยาห์ | Critical | Conversion of Paul; Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 2:31, 36, 38; 3:18, 20; 5:42; 8:5; 9:22; 17:3; 18:5, 28; 26:23 |
| jesus | พระเยซู | Critical | throughout | throughout |
| god | พระเจ้า | Critical | throughout | throughout |
| church | คริสตจักร | Medium | The Church as Community | 2:47; 5:11; 8:1, 3; 9:31; 11:22, 26; 12:1, 5; 13:1; 14:23, 27; 15:3-4, 22, 41; 20:17, 28 |
| kingdom_of_god | แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า | Medium | The Great Commission Fulfilled | 1:3, 6; 8:12; 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31 |
| law | ธรรมบัญญัติ | High | Justification apart from the Law | 6:13; 7:53; 13:39; 15:5, 24; 18:13; 21:20, 24, 28; 22:3; 23:29; 24:14; 25:8 |
| sin | บาป | High | Repentance and Baptism | 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 7:60; 10:43; 13:38; 26:18 |
| gentiles | คนต่างชาติ | Medium | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 9:15; 10:45; 11:1, 18; 13:46-48; 14:27; 15:3, 7, 12, 14, 19; 18:6; 21:19, 25; 22:21; 26:17, 20, 23; 28:28 |
| glory | พระสิริ | High | Apostolic Authority; Conversion of Paul | 7:2, 55; 12:23; 22:11 |
| election | การทรงเลือก | High | Conversion of Paul; Divine Calling | 9:15; 13:17; 22:14 (implicit) |
| intercession / prayer | การอธิษฐาน(วิงวอนแทน) | Medium | The Church as Community | 1:14, 24; 2:42; 4:24-31; 6:4, 6; 8:15, 22, 24; 9:11, 40; 10:2, 4, 9, 31; 12:5, 12; 13:3; 14:23; 16:13, 16, 25; 20:36; 21:5; 27:29; 28:8 |
| providence | การทรงดูแลรักษาของพระเจ้า | High | Apostolic Authority; Persecution and Bold Witness | 5:39; 8:1; 12:11, 24; 17:26-28; 18:9-10; 23:11; 27:23-24, 34; 28:1-6 |
| mission | พันธกิจ | Medium | The Great Commission Fulfilled | 13:2-4, 47; 14:26; 15:38; 22:21; 26:16-18 |
| david | ดาวิด | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 2:25, 29, 34; 4:25; 7:45; 13:22, 34, 36; 15:16 |
| israel | อิสราเอล | Medium | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 1:6; 2:36; 3:12; 4:10, 27; 5:21, 31; 7:23, 37, 42; 9:15; 10:36; 13:16-24; 21:28; 28:20 |
| covenant | พันธสัญญา | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 3:25; 7:8 |
| promise | พระสัญญา | High | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Great Commission Fulfilled | 1:4; 2:33, 39; 7:17; 13:23, 32; 26:6 |
| prophet / prophecy | ผู้เผยพระวจนะ / คำพยากรณ์ | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 2:16-18, 30; 3:18, 21-25; 7:37, 42, 48, 52; 8:28, 30, 34; 10:43; 11:27; 13:1, 15, 20, 27, 40; 15:15, 32; 21:9-10; 24:14; 26:22, 27; 28:23, 25 |
| circumcision | การเข้าสุหนัต | Medium | Justification apart from the Law | 7:8; 10:45; 11:2-3; 15:1, 5, 24; 16:3; 21:21 |
| works_of_the_law | การประพฤติตามธรรมบัญญัติ | Critical | Justification apart from the Law | 13:38-39; 15:1, 5, 10-11, 24 |
| freedom (conceptual echo) | เสรีภาพ | Critical | Justification apart from the Law | 13:38-39; 15:10 (yoke language) |
| revelation | การทรงสำแดง | Medium | Conversion of Paul; Apostolic Authority | 9:3-6; 10:3-6, 9-16; 16:9-10; 18:9; 22:6-10, 17-18; 23:11; 26:13-19; 27:23 |
| exhort | หนุนใจ | Low | The Church as Community | 2:40; 11:23; 14:22; 15:32; 16:40; 20:1-2 |
| abraham | อับราฮัม | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 3:13, 25; 7:2-17; 13:26 |
Part B — New Terms Introduced by Acts
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Thai Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pentecost | Πεντηκοστή | Pentēkostē | วันเพ็นเทคอสต์ | Medium | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2:1; 20:16 | (“Feast of Weeks” without transliteration) | Established Thai Bible Society transliteration. Comprehension risk (OT harvest-festival background), not syncretism risk. |
| tongues / other languages | γλῶσσαι / γλώσσαις ἑτέραις | glōssai / glōssais heterais | ภาษาอื่น | High | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2:4, 6, 8, 11; 10:46; 19:6 | ภาษาแปลกๆ | NEVER render with vocabulary overlapping Thai spirit-medium ecstatic/trance speech (การพูดภาษาแปลกในพิธีทรงเจ้า). Real, intelligible human languages given for cross-cultural proclamation, confirmed by the hearers in 2:6-11. |
| filled with the Holy Spirit | ἐπλήσθησαν Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | eplēsthēsan Pneumatos Hagiou | เต็มด้วยพระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ | Critical | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2:4; 4:8, 31; 6:3, 5; 7:55; 9:17; 13:9, 52 | ผีเข้า, ทรงเจ้า | CRITICAL: must never be confused with Thai spirit-possession (ผีเข้า, การทรงเจ้า/วิญญาณสิงร่าง). The Spirit’s indwelling is willing, personal, and purposeful, not an involuntary possession by an ancestral or nature spirit through a medium. Translator note mandatory at every occurrence. |
| signs and wonders | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα | sēmeia kai terata | หมายสำคัญและการอัศจรรย์ | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 2:19, 22, 43; 4:30; 5:12; 6:8; 14:3; 15:12 | — | Distinguish from the sacred potency ascribed to amulets/holy objects (วัตถุมงคล, already flagged for power_of_god) and from folk spirit-medium wonder-claims. |
| repent / repentance | μετανοέω / μετάνοια | metanoeō / metanoia | กลับใจ / การกลับใจ | High | Repentance and Baptism | 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 8:22; 11:18; 13:24; 17:30; 19:4; 20:21; 26:20 | เสียใจ, สำนึกผิด (mere regret) | Must be anchored explicitly to turning toward God on the basis of Christ’s death and resurrection, distinguished from generic remorse or from Buddhist confession/vow-renewal within a self-directed merit-restoration framework. Mandatory translator note at each occurrence. |
| baptism / baptize | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | baptisma / baptizō | บัพติศมา / รับบัพติศมา | High | Repentance and Baptism | 2:38, 41; 8:12-13, 36, 38; 9:18; 10:47-48; 16:15, 33; 18:8; 19:3-5; 22:16 | รดน้ำมนต์ (ritual water-blessing) | Established Thai Christian transliteration-loanword. Distinguish from Buddhist monk water-blessing (รดน้ำมนต์) and Brahmanical purification bathing; marks decisive one-time identification with Christ’s death/resurrection and entry into the believing community. |
| forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | aphesis hamartiōn | การทรงยกบาปโทษ | Critical | Repentance and Baptism | 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; 26:18 | ล้างกรรม, ลบล้างบาปกรรม (clearing karma) | NEVER render with karma-ledger-clearing vocabulary. God’s own judicial remission through Christ’s atoning death, not self-generated or ritually-purchased debt-clearing. Mandatory theologian review flag. |
| gift of the Holy Spirit | δωρεὰ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | dōrea tou Hagiou Pneumatos | ของประทานคือพระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ | Medium | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2:38; 8:20; 10:45; 11:17 | — | Extends baseline grace-vs-merit distinction to reception of the Spirit; must not imply the Spirit is a reward earned by repenting/being baptized. |
| ascension | ἀνελήμφθη | anelēmphthē | การเสด็จขึ้นสู่สวรรค์ | Critical | Apostolic Authority and Miracles (Christological background) | 1:2, 9, 11, 22 | (apotheosis-style ascent language) | Must not be read through Thai royal-honorific apotheosis motifs or a deva’s ascent; Christ’s unique, bodily, permanent return to the Father in glorified humanity. |
| witness(es) | μάρτυς / μάρτυρες | martys / martyres | พยาน | High | Persecution and Bold Witness | 1:8, 22; 2:32; 3:15; 5:32; 10:39, 41; 13:31; 22:15, 20; 26:16 | — | Formal, authoritative, eyewitness legal testimony to the risen Christ, not vague personal religious-experience testimony. |
| casting lots | κλῆρος | klēros | จับสลาก | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 1:26 | เสี่ยงเซียมซี, หมอดู (fortune-telling) | Used only after prayer to a sovereign God who already knows the outcome; distinguish from divination independent of God’s guidance. |
| name of Jesus (invoked) | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | en tō onomati Iēsou Christou | ในพระนามของพระเยซูคริสต์ | High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 3:6, 16; 4:10, 30; 16:18; 19:13 | คาถาอาคม (magic incantation) | Not a technique/incantation channeling impersonal power; an appeal to the living, personal, exalted Christ himself. |
| Servant (of God) | ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ | ho pais autou | ผู้รับใช้ของพระองค์ | High | Conversion of Paul / Christology | 3:13, 26; 4:27, 30 | — | Isaiah Servant-Songs messianic title; must not be read as diminishing Christ’s deity to a subordinate figure. |
| times of refreshing | καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως | kairoi anapsyxeōs | วาระแห่งความชุ่มชื่นใจ | Low | Repentance and Baptism | 3:20 | — | Eschatological relief following repentance; minor risk of this-worldly-prosperity misreading. |
| boldness | παρρησία | parrēsia | ใจกล้า / ความกล้าหาญ | High | Persecution and Bold Witness | 4:13, 29, 31; 9:27-29; 13:46; 14:3; 18:26; 19:8; 26:26; 28:31 | — | Spirit-given courage to speak the gospel plainly under threat; not natural bravado or honor/shame-driven confrontation. Must be distinguished from face-culture dynamics. |
| no other name (salvation exclusivity) | οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία | ouk estin en allō oudeni hē sōtēria | ไม่มีความรอดในผู้ใดอื่นเลย | Critical | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 4:12 | — | Direct exclusivity statement; mandatory theologian review. |
| lied to the Holy Spirit | ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | pseusasthai se to Pneuma to Hagion | มุสาต่อพระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ | Critical | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 5:3, 9 | — | Direct statement of the Spirit’s full personhood/deity; sin against the Spirit personally, not impersonal karma. |
| Hellenists | Ἑλληνισταί | Hellēnistai | ชาวยิวที่พูดภาษากรีก | Low-Medium | The Church as Community | 6:1 | — | Historical/linguistic descriptor; requires brief cultural note. |
| deacon / serving tables | διακονεῖν τραπέζαις / διακονία | diakonein trapezais / diakonia | การปรนนิบัติ / มัคนายก | Medium | The Church as Community | 6:1-6 | — | Distinguish from Buddhist temple-attendant/almoner role; a distinct Spirit-qualified church office of practical service. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | บุตรมนุษย์ | Critical | Conversion of Paul / Christology | 7:56 | — | Danielic (Dan 7:13-14) exalted-authority title; must not be flattened to a generic “human being” phrase. |
| stoning | λιθοβολέω | lithoboleō | เอาหินขว้าง | Low | Persecution and Bold Witness | 7:58-59; 14:19 | — | Historical judicial execution method; no Thai-specific collision. |
| sorcery / magic | μαγεία / μάγος | mageia / magos | เวทมนตร์คาถา / ไสยศาสตร์ | High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 8:9, 11; 13:6, 8; 19:19 | — | Continuous with baseline’s spiritual_gifts caution and Galatians’ φαρμακεία rendering; direct relevance to Thai saiyasat practice. |
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | epithesis tōn cheirōn | การวางมือ | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 6:6; 8:17-19; 9:17; 13:3; 19:6; 28:8 | ผูกด้ายมงคล, ร่างทรง | Distinguish from spirit-medium power-transfer touch and monk blessing-string-tying; a prayer-accompanying gesture invoking God’s own action. |
| eunuch | εὐνοῦχος | eunouchos | ขันที | Low | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 8:27, 34, 36, 38-39 | — | Historical court-official term; OT background note (Isaiah 56) recommended. |
| the Way | ἡ ὁδός | hē hodos | ทางนั้น | High | Conversion of Paul; The Church as Community | 9:2; 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:14, 22 | มรรค | CRITICAL CAUTION within a High-risk entry: NEVER มรรค (the Buddhist Noble Path technical term). ทางนั้น/ทางของพระเจ้า avoids importing a self-attained-liberation framework. |
| disciples | μαθηταί | mathētai | สาวก | Medium | The Church as Community | throughout, e.g. 6:1-2, 7; 9:1, 10, 19, 25-26, 36, 38; 11:26, 29; 14:20, 22, 28; 15:10; 16:1; 18:23, 27; 19:1, 9, 30; 20:1, 30; 21:4, 16 | — | Shared vocabulary with Thai Buddhism (สาวก = disciple of the Buddha). Always anchor explicitly to Christ (สาวกของพระเยซู/พระคริสต์). |
| scales fell from his eyes | ἀπέπεσαν αἱ λεπίδες | apepesan hai lepides | เกล็ดตาหลุดออกจากตา | Low | Conversion of Paul | 9:18 | — | Descriptive physical/symbolic image; no collision. |
| unclean / common | κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον | koinon ē akatharton | ของแปดเปื้อนหรือไม่สะอาด | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 10:14-15, 28; 11:8-9 | เสนียดจัญไร (folk-animist contamination) | Ceremonial/dietary category being fulfilled and set aside in Christ; distinguish from Thai folk-animist ritual-danger concepts. |
| God shows no partiality | οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολήμπτης ὁ Θεός | ouk estin prosōpolēmptēs ho Theos | พระเจ้าไม่ทรงเลือกที่รักมักที่ชัง | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 10:34 | — | Established idiomatic phrase; retains full force against ethnic/religious-priority claims. |
| repentance that leads to life | μετάνοια εἰς ζωήν | metanoia eis zōēn | การกลับใจที่นำไปถึงชีวิต | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 11:18 | — | Universalizes repentance explicitly to Gentiles as Gentiles. |
| Christians | Χριστιανοί | Christianoi | คริสเตียน | Medium | The Church as Community | 11:26; 26:28 | — | Established transliteration-loanword; must retain Christ-centered specific content, not flatten to generic “non-Buddhist Westerner.” |
| angel of the Lord | ἄγγελος Κυρίου | angelos Kyriou | ทูตสวรรค์ขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า | Medium-High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 5:19; 8:26; 10:3, 22; 12:7, 11, 23; 27:23 | เทวดา | Distinguish from เทวดา (Buddhist-Brahmanic minor deity, already forbidden for “God” in baseline); a created, personal, subordinate messenger of the one true God. |
| light to the Gentiles | φῶς ἐθνῶν | phōs ethnōn | ความสว่างส่องแก่ชนต่างชาติ | Medium | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 13:47 | — | Applies Isaiah’s Servant-mission light-imagery to the church’s Gentile mission. |
| turn from vain things to the living God | ἐπιστρέφειν ἀπὸ τῶν ματαίων ἐπὶ Θεὸν ζῶντα | epistrephein apo tōn mataiōn epi Theon zōnta | เลิกละสิ่งไร้สาระเหล่านี้ หันมาหาพระเจ้าผู้ทรงพระชนม์อยู่ | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 14:15 | — | Must present God as personally living/active, not an impersonal cosmic principle; direct polemic against idols. |
| appointing elders | χειροτονήσαντες πρεσβυτέρους | cheirotonēsantes presbyterous | แต่งตั้งผู้ปกครอง | Medium | The Church as Community | 14:23; 20:17 | — | Distinguish from generic elder-respect (ผู้ใหญ่) and Buddhist sangha elder (พระเถระ); a specific appointed governance office. |
| apostolic decree | τὰ δόγματα | ta dogmata | คำวินิจฉัยของอัครทูตและผู้ปกครอง | Medium | The Church as Community | 15:19-20, 28; 16:4 | — | Pastoral wisdom-ruling for cross-cultural harmony, not law re-imposing works-based justification. |
| what must I do to be saved? | τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν ἵνα σωθῶ | ti me dei poiein hina sōthō | ข้าพเจ้าจะต้องทำอย่างไรจึงจะรอดได้ | Critical | Repentance and Baptism | 16:30-31 | — | Parallels Romans 10:9; consistency with baseline salvation-confession rendering required. |
| unknown god | ἀγνώστῳ Θεῷ | agnōstō Theō | พระเจ้าที่ไม่รู้จัก | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 17:23 | — | Rhetorical missionary bridge only; must never validate propitiating unnamed/unidentified spirits as spiritually equivalent. |
| John’s baptism vs. Spirit baptism | βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου / εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | baptisma Iōannou / eis to onoma tou Kyriou Iēsou | บัพติศมาของยอห์น / รับบัพติศมาในพระนามขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าเยซู | High | Repentance and Baptism | 19:3-5 | — | Distinction between preparatory and full Christian baptism must remain explicit, not collapsed. |
| magic books burned | τῶν βιβλίων κατέκαιον | tōn bibliōn katekaion | เผาหนังสือเวทมนตร์คาถา | High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 19:19 | — | Direct cultural relevance for renouncing amulets/charm-objects upon conversion. |
| Artemis of the Ephesians | Ἄρτεμις | Artemis | อารเทมิส | Low-Medium | Persecution and Bold Witness | 19:24-35 | — | Proper name; historical/commercial-religious conflict note; possible careful teaching-bridge to shrine-centered commerce. |
| overseers | ἐπίσκοποι | episkopoi | ผู้ดูแล | Medium | The Church as Community | 20:28 | เจ้าอาวาส | Distinguish from abbot’s institutional monastic authority; spiritual shepherding modeled on Christ. |
| whole counsel of God | πᾶσα ἡ βουλὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ | pasa hē boulē tou Theou | พระดำริทั้งสิ้นของพระเจ้า | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 20:27 | เวรกรรม, ดวง | Must not suggest impersonal fated plan; God’s own revealed, personal purpose. |
| Eutychus revived (temporary restoration to life) | ἀνέστη | anestē | ฟื้นขึ้นมามีชีวิต | Medium-High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 20:9-10; cf. 9:36-41 | — | Must NOT reuse baseline’s dedicated resurrection term (การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย); reserve that exclusively for Christ’s unique resurrection and the eschatological general resurrection. |
| Nazirite vow | εὐχὴ … ξυρήσωνται τὴν κεφαλήν | euchē … xyrēsōntai tēn kephalēn | คำสัตย์ปฏิญาณแบบนาซีร์ | Low-Medium | The Church as Community | 21:23-24 | — | OT background note (Numbers 6) required; care not to suggest law-keeping as justification-means. |
| defense / testimony | ἀπολογία | apologia | คำให้การแก้ต่าง | Medium | Persecution and Bold Witness | 22:1; 25:16; 26:1-2 | — | Formal legal self-defense doubling as gospel testimony. |
| Roman citizenship | Ῥωμαῖός εἰμι | Rhōmaios eimi | สัญชาติโรมัน | Medium | Persecution and Bold Witness | 16:37-38; 22:25-28; 25:10-11 | — | Historical-legal term; handle with same government-authority sensitivity already flagged for Romans 13 in the baseline. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | สติรู้สึกผิดชอบ / มโนธรรม | Medium | Persecution and Bold Witness | 23:1; 24:16 | — | Anchor to accountability before God, not a purely social/humanistic moral sense. |
| light and darkness / power of Satan | ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς καὶ τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ Σατανᾶ ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν | apo skotous eis phōs kai tēs exousias tou Satana epi ton Theon | จากความมืดมาถึงความสว่าง และจากอำนาจของซาตานมาถึงพระเจ้า | High | Conversion of Paul; Great Commission Fulfilled | 26:18 | โพธิ/ปัญญา (self-attained enlightenment), มาร (Māra) | Light is God’s rescuing gift, not self-attained enlightenment; ซาตาน is a real personal adversary, distinguished from the Buddhist Māra figure operating within a self-liberation cosmology. Flag for theologian review. |
| viper / venomous snake (narrative) | ἔχιδνα | echidna | งูพิษ | Low | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 28:3-6 | — | Purely narrative/cultural; no theological collision. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- Verbatim consistency required between Acts and the Romans/Galatians baseline for: the Joel 2:32 / Romans 10:13 citation (“everyone who calls on the name of the Lord,” Acts 2:21); the salvation-confession pattern of Acts 16:31 and Romans 10:9-10; and every occurrence of
resurrection,grace,salvation,lord, andholy_spirit. - New Critical-risk terms requiring mandatory theologian review routing (to be added to
doctrine_risk_registry.jsonin Phase 1 Step 2): filled with the Holy Spirit; forgiveness of sins; no other name; lied to the Holy Spirit; Son of Man; ascension; what must I do to be saved; light and darkness/power of Satan. - Highest Thai-specific collision risks newly identified in Acts, in descending order of stakes: (a) “the Way” (ἡ ὁδός) against Buddhist มรรค; (b) “filled with the Holy Spirit” against spirit-possession vocabulary (ผีเข้า/ทรงเจ้า); (c) “forgiveness of sins” against karma-clearing vocabulary; (d) “disciples” (σαθρσαβε) as genuinely shared vocabulary with Buddhist สาวก; (e) “unknown god” as a rhetorical bridge risking a syncretistic misreading; (f) “power of Satan” against the Buddhist Māra figure.
- All terms in Part B are proposed as new
translation_memory.jsonandbible_term_registry.jsonentries for Phase 1 Step 2, following the exact schema of the baseline package.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts. Acts 15:11’s Jerusalem Council ruling (‘saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they are’) is the book’s climactic grace-versus-law statement. Never use บุญ, กรรมดี, or บารมี.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: บุญกุศล, ความดี
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts (13:39; 17:31; 24:25). Never บุญกุศล or ความดี.
Justification
Approved rendering: การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: kan thuk nap wa pen phu chop tham
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: การได้บุญ
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιοῦται
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 13:39, Paul’s direct proclamation of justification to a mixed Jewish-Gentile synagogue audience. Mandatory theologian review.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts (2:21, 40, 47; 4:12; 11:14; 13:26, 47; 15:11; 16:17, 30-31). Never การบรรลุนิพพาน or การหลุดพ้น.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย
Transliteration: kan pen khuen chak tai
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts’ most frequently repeated doctrinal claim (1:22; 2:24, 31-32; 3:15; 4:2, 33; 13:30-37; 17:31-32; 23:6-8; 24:15, 21; 26:8, 23). Never การเกิดใหม่/การกลับชาติมาเกิด. Reserved exclusively for Christ’s unique resurrection and the future general resurrection; distinguish from eutychus_revived (ฟื้นขึ้นมามีชีวิต), used for temporary this-life revivals.
Lord
Approved rendering: องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เจ้านาย, ท่านผู้นำ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:36, 34; 9:5, 10-17; 10:36; 16:31; 22:8-10. Acts 2:36’s climactic confession and 16:31’s salvation formula require verbatim consistency with the Romans 10:9-10 rendering.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: พระบุตรของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra But khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เทพบุตร, อวตารของพระเจ้า
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 9:20; 13:33.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: การทรงบังเกิดเป็นมนุษย์
Transliteration: kan song bangkoet pen manut
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: การอวตาร
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (conceptual)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts as conceptual background underlying the Christological speeches (2:22-24, 30-31; 13:23). Never การอวตาร.
Messiah
Approved rendering: พระเมสสิยาห์
Transliteration: Phra Messiya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: พระศรีอริยเมตไตรย
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:31; 3:18-20; 17:3; 18:5, 28, presenting Jesus as the sole promised fulfillment. Never พระศรีอริยเมตไตรย.
Jesus
Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly throughout Acts.
God
Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly throughout Acts, most polemically at 14:15 and 17:24-29 against idols and false deities. Never เทวดา or พระพรหม.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly throughout Acts (chs. 1-2, 4-5, 8, 10, 13, 15-16, 19-20). See filled_with_holy_spirit for the Critical Thai spirit-possession collision risk unique to Acts.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: การประพฤติตามธรรมบัญญัติ
Transliteration: kan praphruet tam thammabanyat
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: กรรมดีตามธรรมบัญญัติ, บุญจากการถือธรรมบัญญัติ
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Law
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 13:38-39; 15:1, 5, 10-11, 24, narrating as history the very doctrine Galatians argues theologically. Never กรรมดี or บุญ.
Freedom
Approved rendering: เสรีภาพ
Transliteration: seriphap
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: หลุดพ้น, วิมุตติ
Original: ἐλευθερία (conceptual, cf. ζυγόν, ‘yoke’, 15:10)
Category: Freedom
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 13:38-39; 15:10 (‘yoke’ language echoing Galatians 5:1). Never หลุดพ้น or วิมุตติ.
Flesh
Approved rendering: เนื้อหนัง
Transliteration: nuea nang
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: กิเลส (as the primary gloss)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Anthropology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; the rendering เนื้อหนัง is retained unchanged. At Acts 2:26, 31 (citing Psalm 16, ‘his flesh did not see corruption’) the term is used in its neutral bodily sense describing Christ’s physical resurrection body, NOT the Galatians technical sinful-nature sense; translators must not import the กิเลส caution into this narrative usage, but a brief disambiguating note distinguishing the neutral sense (Acts 2) from the technical sense (Galatians 5) is recommended for cross-package consistency. Risk tier retained at Critical as a ceiling to prevent any accidental drift toward กิเลส in either sense.
Christ
Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly throughout Acts (2:31, 36, 38; 3:18, 20; 5:42; 9:22; 17:3; 18:5, 28), anchoring Χριστός to the specific, historical Jesus, never a generic title.
Filled With Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: เต็มด้วยพระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: tem duai Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: ผีเข้า, ทรงเจ้า, วิญญาณสิงร่าง
Original: ἐπλήσθησαν Πνεύματος Ἁγίου
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. CRITICAL: the single highest-stakes term in the whole book. Never ผีเข้า, การทรงเจ้า, or วิญญาณสิงร่าง (Thai spirit-possession vocabulary, in which an external spirit involuntarily takes over a body, typically through a paid medium). Must always be taught as willing, personal, purposeful indwelling by the one true God’s own Spirit. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence (2:4; 4:8, 31; 6:3, 5; 7:55; 9:17; 13:9, 52).
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: การทรงยกบาปโทษ
Transliteration: kan song yok bap thot
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: ล้างกรรม, ลบล้างบาปกรรม
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; 26:18. NEVER render with karma-ledger-clearing vocabulary (ล้างกรรม, ลบล้างบาปกรรม). God’s own judicial remission secured through Christ’s atoning death, not self-generated or ritually-purchased debt-clearing. Mandatory theologian review flag every occurrence.
Ascension
Approved rendering: การเสด็จขึ้นสู่สวรรค์
Transliteration: kan sadet khuen su sawan
Doctrine: Ascension and Heavenly Session of Christ
Original: ἀνελήμφθη
Category: Christology
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 1:2, 9, 11, 22; 2:33-34; 7:55. Must not be confused with a deva’s or an enlightened being’s ascent to a heavenly plane, nor with the Thai royal-honorific apotheosis motif of a monarch becoming divine after death. Christ’s unique, bodily, permanent return to the Father in glorified humanity.
No Other Name
Approved rendering: ไม่มีความรอดในผู้ใดอื่นเลย
Transliteration: mai mi khwam rot nai phu dai uen loei
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 4:12. Must retain full, unqualified exclusivity; Thailand’s religiously pluralistic culture can otherwise invite a ‘one valid path among several’ reading this verse explicitly forecloses. Mandatory theologian review.
Lied To Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: มุสาต่อพระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: musa to Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Deity and Personhood of the Holy Spirit
Original: ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 5:3, 9. The most direct NT statement of the Spirit’s full personhood/deity outside the Trinitarian baptismal formula; an offense against a personal, present, all-knowing God, categorically different from breaking a private vow to an impersonal fate or negotiating with an ancestral/nature spirit (ผี). Mandatory theologian review.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: บุตรมนุษย์
Transliteration: But Manut
Doctrine: Lordship and Exaltation of Christ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 7:56. Danielic (Dan 7:13-14) exalted-authority title applied to the risen Christ in Stephen’s dying vision; must not be flattened to a generic phrase for ‘a human being.’ Requires a background note on Daniel 7. Mandatory theologian review.
What Must I Do To Be Saved
Approved rendering: ข้าพเจ้าจะต้องทำอย่างไรจึงจะรอดได้
Transliteration: khaphachao cha tong tham yang rai jueng cha rot dai
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Original: τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν ἵνα σωθῶ
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 16:30-31. The Philippian jailer’s question and Paul’s answer form Acts’ most concise salvation-by-faith-alone formula, paralleling Romans 10:9; must remain consistent with that baseline rendering per the cross-document consistency rule.
Call Upon The Name Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ทุกคนที่ร้องออกพระนามขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: thuk khon thi rong ok phra nam khong ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου
Category: Salvation
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 2:21 (core passage), citing Joel 2:32. Must match the Romans 10:13 rendering of this same citation verbatim, per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule.
God Made Him Lord And Christ
Approved rendering: พระเจ้าทรงตั้งพระองค์ให้เป็นทั้งองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าและพระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Chao song tang phra ong hai pen thang ong phra phu pen chao lae Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Lordship and Exaltation of Christ
Original: Κύριον αὐτὸν καὶ Χριστὸν ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός
Category: Christology
NEW. CRITICAL. Acts 2:36 (core passage, sermon climax). ทรงตั้ง (‘appointed/installed’) must not imply Christ’s Lordship began to exist only at this moment, which would contradict the eternal Sonship/Deity of Christ doctrines already Critical in the baseline; this is the resurrection-exaltation’s public vindication of an eternally true status. Mandatory theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ข่าวประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khao prasoet
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ข่าวดี
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts (8:25; 14:7; 15:7; 20:24). Must be qualified as the unique proclamation of salvation through Christ, not any pleasant announcement (ข่าวดี).
Faith
Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts (3:16; 6:5, 7; 11:24; 14:9, 22, 27; 15:9; 16:31; 20:21; 26:18). Elevated to High risk in Acts because faith is repeatedly the pivot term in the Jew/Gentile justification narrative (13:39; 15:9-11). Object of faith must always be Christ, not generic devotional confidence (ศรัทธา).
Called
Approved rendering: ผู้ที่ทรงเรียก
Transliteration: phu thi song riak
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ผู้ที่ได้รับเชิญ
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:39; 9:15 (‘a chosen instrument’). Distinguish from a revocable invitation (ได้รับเชิญ).
Calling
Approved rendering: การทรงเรียก
Transliteration: kan song riak
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 13:2; 16:10. Never โชคชะตา (fixed astrological destiny).
Holy
Approved rendering: บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ศักดิ์สิทธิ์
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts, qualifying ‘Spirit’ throughout (Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον) and ‘holy ones’ at 9:13, 32, 41.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: kan song chamra hai borisut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: การชำระบาปด้วยตนเอง
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 20:32; 26:18. The Spirit’s ongoing work, not self-directed ritual purification.
Law
Approved rendering: ธรรมบัญญัติ
Transliteration: tham banyat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: พระธรรมวินัย
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 6:13; 7:53; 13:39; 15:5, 24; 18:13; 21:20-28; 22:3; 23:29; 24:14; 25:8, narrating as history the very controversy Galatians addresses theologically.
Sin
Approved rendering: บาป
Transliteration: bap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: อกุศลกรรม
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 7:60; 10:43; 13:38; 26:18, tying sin’s remission directly to repentance and faith in Christ.
Glory
Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: บารมี
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 7:2, 55; 12:23; 22:11, the latter contrasting God’s own radiant presence with Herod’s usurped glory. Never บารมี.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ฤทธิ์เดชของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: rit det khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: อำนาจศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของวัตถุมงคล
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly as the conceptual anchor for Acts’ Apostolic Authority and Miracles doctrine (signs_and_wonders, name_of_jesus_invoked). Never the sacred potency ascribed to amulets/holy objects (วัตถุมงคล).
Covenant
Approved rendering: พันธสัญญา
Transliteration: phanthasanya
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ข้อตกลง
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 3:25; 7:8, rooting apostolic preaching in God’s covenant promises to the patriarchs.
Election
Approved rendering: การทรงเลือก
Transliteration: kan song lueak
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts, underlying Saul’s designation as God’s ‘chosen instrument’ (9:15) and Israel’s election background (13:17).
Providence
Approved rendering: การทรงดูแลรักษาของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: kan song dulae raksa khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, ดวง
Original: πρόνοια (conceptual)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 5:38-39; 12:11, 24; 17:26-28; 27:23-24, 34; 28:1-6. Never เวรกรรม/ดวง.
Father
Approved rendering: พระบิดา
Transliteration: Phra Bida
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: พ่อขุน
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 1:4, 7; 2:33, referring to the Father’s own promise and gift of the Spirit.
Promise
Approved rendering: พระสัญญา
Transliteration: phra sanya
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: พร
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:33, 39 (extending ‘the promise’ explicitly to Gentiles, ‘all who are far off’); 13:23, 32; 26:6.
Tongues Other Languages
Approved rendering: ภาษาอื่น
Transliteration: phasa uen
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: ภาษาแปลกๆ
Original: γλῶσσαι ἑτέραι
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. Acts 2:4, 6, 8, 11; 10:46; 19:6. NEVER render with vocabulary overlapping Thai spirit-medium ecstatic/trance speech (การพูดภาษาแปลกในพิธีทรงเจ้า). Real, intelligible human languages given for cross-cultural proclamation, confirmed by hearers in 2:6-11; that confirmation detail must never be trimmed away.
Repentance
Approved rendering: กลับใจ
Transliteration: klap jai
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: เสียใจ, สำนึกผิด
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Acts 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 8:22; 11:18; 13:24; 17:30; 19:4; 20:21; 26:20. Must be anchored to a Spirit-enabled turning toward God through Christ’s death and resurrection, distinguished from generic remorse or from Buddhist confession/vow-renewal within a self-directed merit-restoration framework. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Baptism
Approved rendering: บัพติศมา
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: รดน้ำมนต์
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Acts 2:38, 41; 8:12-13, 36, 38; 9:18; 10:47-48; 16:15, 33; 18:8; 19:3-5; 22:16. Established Thai Christian transliteration-loanword. Never explained via, or conflated with, รดน้ำมนต์ (monk water-blessing) or Brahmanical purification bathing; a one-time, decisive identification with Christ, not a repeatable blessing-renewal rite.
Witness
Approved rendering: พยาน
Transliteration: phayan
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: μάρτυς / μάρτυρες
Category: Persecution and Witness
NEW. Acts 1:8, 22; 2:32; 3:15; 5:32; 10:39, 41; 13:31; 22:15, 20; 26:16. Must convey formal, authoritative, eyewitness legal testimony to the risen Christ, not a subjective personal-experience testimonial common in Thai popular spirituality.
Name Of Jesus Invoked
Approved rendering: ในพระนามของพระเยซูคริสต์
Transliteration: nai phra nam khong Phra Yesu Khrit
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: คาถาอาคม
Original: ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Apostolic Authority
NEW. Acts 3:6, 16; 4:10, 30; 16:18; 19:13. Never an invoked magic formula or incantation (คาถาอาคม) used in Thai folk-magic healing (ไสยศาสตร์); an appeal to the living, personal, exalted Christ himself, not a technique channeling impersonal power.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: ผู้รับใช้ของพระองค์
Transliteration: phu rap chai khong phra ong
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Acts 3:13, 26; 4:27, 30. Isaiah Servant-Songs messianic title (Isaiah 52-53); must not be read as diminishing Christ’s deity to a subordinate, merely obedient figure. Requires a note connecting the title to Isaiah’s Servant Songs.
Boldness
Approved rendering: ใจกล้า
Transliteration: jai kla
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: παρρησία
Category: Persecution and Witness
NEW. Acts 4:13, 29, 31; 9:27-29; 13:46; 14:3; 18:26; 19:8; 26:26; 28:31. Must be glossed as Spirit-given courage, not natural bravado or honor/face-driven confrontation (การเสียหน้า/รักษาหน้า).
Sorcery Magic
Approved rendering: เวทมนตร์คาถา
Transliteration: wetmon khatha
Doctrine: Renunciation of Occult Practice
Original: μαγεία / μάγος
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW. Acts 8:9, 11; 13:6, 8; 19:19. ไสยศาสตร์ (saiyasat) as an alternate gloss. Continuous with baseline’s spiritual_gifts caution and Galatians’ φαρμακεία rendering; direct relevance to Thai paid spiritual services (สะเดาะเคราะห์, การดูดวง, เครื่องรางของขลัง). Condemnation of Simon Magus/Elymas must be preserved with full force.
The Way
Approved rendering: ทางนั้น
Transliteration: thang nan
Doctrine: Conversion of Paul
Rejected alternatives: มรรค
Original: ἡ ὁδός
Category: Church/Identity
NEW. Acts 9:2; 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:14, 22. CRITICAL CAUTION within this High-risk entry: NEVER มรรค, the Buddhist Noble Eightfold Path technical term. ทางนั้น is a deliberately non-technical descriptive phrase avoiding a self-attained-liberation framework.
Unclean Common
Approved rendering: ของแปดเปื้อนหรือไม่สะอาด
Transliteration: khong paepuean rue mai sa-at
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: เสนียดจัญไร
Original: κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον
Category: Law/Missiology
NEW. Acts 10:14-15, 28; 11:8-9. A ceremonial/dietary legal category fulfilled and set aside in Christ; must not be confused with Thai folk-animist concepts of ritual contamination or inauspiciousness (เสนียดจัญไร, ของแสลง), which operate on a wholly different logic of spiritual danger.
God Shows No Partiality
Approved rendering: พระเจ้าไม่ทรงเลือกที่รักมักที่ชัง
Transliteration: Phra Chao mai song lueak thi rak mak thi chang
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολήμπτης ὁ Θεός
Category: Missiology
NEW. Acts 10:34. Established idiomatic Thai Bible phrase. Must retain full force against any reading that grants Thai Buddhist ethnic-religious identity inherent priority.
Repentance Leads To Life
Approved rendering: การกลับใจที่นำไปถึงชีวิต
Transliteration: kan klap jai thi nam pai thueng chiwit
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: μετάνοια εἰς ζωήν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Acts 11:18. The Jerusalem church’s ratification that God has extended saving repentance to Gentiles as Gentiles, without prior Jewish identity-markers; reuses the repentance term’s translator-note requirements.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ทูตสวรรค์ขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้า
Transliteration: thut sawan khong ong phra phu pen chao
Doctrine: Divine Providence and Sovereignty
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา
Original: ἄγγελος Κυρίου
Category: God/Providence
NEW. Acts 5:19; 8:26; 10:3, 22; 12:7, 11, 23; 27:23. Never เทวดา, the Buddhist-Brahmanic minor-deity term already forbidden as a substitute for ‘God’ in the baseline; an angel is a created, personal, subordinate messenger, not an independently venerable deity.
Turn From Vain Things To Living God
Approved rendering: เลิกละสิ่งไร้สาระเหล่านี้ หันมาหาพระเจ้าผู้ทรงพระชนม์อยู่
Transliteration: loek la sing rai sara lao ni han ma ha Phra Chao phu song phra chon yu
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἐπιστρέφειν ἀπὸ τῶν ματαίων ἐπὶ Θεὸν ζῶντα
Category: God
NEW. Acts 14:15. Paul’s direct confrontation of Greco-Roman idol worship at Lystra. Must present God as personally living and active, distinct from both lifeless idol-images and an impersonal cosmic principle.
Unknown God
Approved rendering: พระเจ้าที่ไม่รู้จัก
Transliteration: Phra Chao thi mai ru chak
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἀγνώστῳ Θεῷ
Category: Missiology
NEW. Acts 17:23. Paul’s rhetorical bridge quoting an actual Athenian altar inscription; must never be taught as validating worship of an unspecified or unknown spirit as spiritually equivalent, a risk given the Thai practice of propitiating unnamed spirits (ผีไม่มีชื่อ, unlabeled ศาลพระภูมิ) ‘just in case.’ Mandatory teaching note distinguishing Paul’s bridge from actual syncretism.
Johns Baptism Vs Spirit Baptism
Approved rendering: บัพติศมาของยอห์น / รับบัพติศมาในพระนามขององค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าเยซู
Transliteration: baptisma khong Yohan / rap baptisma nai phra nam khong ong phra phu pen chao Yesu
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Original: βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου / εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Acts 19:3-5. The distinction between John’s preparatory repentance-baptism and full Christian baptism into Christ’s name must remain explicit, never collapsed into a single generic rendering.
Magic Books Burned
Approved rendering: เผาหนังสือเวทมนตร์คาถา
Transliteration: phao nangsue wetmon khatha
Doctrine: Renunciation of Occult Practice
Original: τῶν βιβλίων κατέκαιον
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW. Acts 19:19. Direct cultural relevance for Thai contexts where amulets, spell-books, and charm objects are common; the total, public, costly renunciation must be preserved with full force.
Eutychus Revived
Approved rendering: ฟื้นขึ้นมามีชีวิต
Transliteration: fuen khuen ma mi chiwit
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย (must not be reused for this term)
Original: ἀνέστη
Category: Miracles
NEW. Acts 20:9-10; cf. 9:36-41 (Tabitha/Dorcas). Deliberately NOT the baseline’s dedicated resurrection term (การเป็นขึ้นจากตาย), reserved exclusively for Christ’s unique, final resurrection and the eschatological general resurrection. A temporary miraculous restoration to ongoing mortal life.
Light And Darkness Power Of Satan
Approved rendering: จากความมืดมาถึงความสว่าง และจากอำนาจของซาตานมาถึงพระเจ้า
Transliteration: chak khwam muet ma thueng khwam sawang lae chak amnat khong Satan ma thueng Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deliverance from Spiritual Darkness
Rejected alternatives: โพธิ, ปัญญาที่บรรลุได้ด้วยตนเอง, มาร
Original: ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς καὶ τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ Σατανᾶ ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW. Acts 26:18. ‘Light’ must not be assimilated to Buddhist self-attained enlightenment (โพธิ, ปัญญาที่บรรลุได้ด้วยตนเอง) — this light is God’s own rescuing gift, received, not attained. ‘Satan’ (ซาตาน, transliteration retained) must be presented as a real, personal, defeated-but-active adversary, distinguished from มาร (Māra), which operates within a self-liberation cosmology rather than a rescue-by-a-personal-Savior cosmology. Mandatory theologian review.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: อัครทูต
Transliteration: akkhrathut
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: อาจารย์ใหญ่
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts, documenting the office’s founding function throughout (1:2, 25-26; 15:2, 4, 6, 22-23).
Saints
Approved rendering: วิสุทธิชน
Transliteration: wisutthichon
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: พระอรหันต์
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 9:13, 32, 41; 26:10, designating ordinary believers, not an ascetic elite comparable to a พระอรหันต์.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ของประทานฝ่ายวิญญาณ
Transliteration: khong pratan fai winyan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: ฤทธิ์อำนาจลึกลับ
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts as the conceptual root (ของประทาน) combined with พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์ in the new term gift_of_holy_spirit (2:38; 8:20; 10:45; 11:17). Avoid ฤทธิ์อำนาจลึกลับ (occult power).
Church
Approved rendering: คริสตจักร
Transliteration: khritsatchak
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: วัด
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts (2:47; 5:11; 8:1, 3; 9:31; 11:22, 26; 13:1; 14:23, 27; 15:3-4, 22, 41; 20:17, 28). Never วัด (Buddhist temple compound).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: แผ่นดินของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phaendin khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: อาณาจักรของพระเจ้า
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts, framing the book as a whole (1:3, 6; 8:12; 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: คนต่างชาติ
Transliteration: khon tang chat
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ชาวต่างประเทศ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts, central to chs. 10-15 and 28, the book’s central Jew-and-Gentile narrative arc.
Intercession
Approved rendering: การอธิษฐานวิงวอนแทน
Transliteration: kan athitthan wingwon thaen
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: การบนบานศาลกล่าว
Original: προσευχή / δέησις (conceptual)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 1:14, 24; 4:24-31; 6:4, 6; 12:5, 12; 13:3, depicting the church’s corporate and individual prayer life.
Mission
Approved rendering: พันธกิจ
Transliteration: phanthakit
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: งานเผยแผ่ศาสนา
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 13:2-4, 47; 22:21; 26:16-18, avoiding colonial-sounding propagation language.
Israel
Approved rendering: อิสราเอล
Transliteration: Itsarael
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 1:6; 2:36; 3:12; 13:16-24.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: การเข้าสุหนัต
Transliteration: kan khao sunat
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: περιτομή
Category: Law
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 7:8; 10:45; 11:2-3; 15:1, 5, 24; 16:3; 21:21, narrating the precise historical controversy Galatians addresses doctrinally.
Revelation
Approved rendering: การทรงสำแดง
Transliteration: kan song samdaeng
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: นิมิตของหมอดู
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 9:3-6; 10:3-6, 9-16; 16:9-10; 18:9; 22:6-10, 17-18; 23:11; 26:13-19; 27:23. Never นิมิตของหมอดู (fortune-teller’s vision).
Pentecost
Approved rendering: วันเพ็นเทคอสต์
Transliteration: wan Phentekhosat
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: (‘Feast of Weeks’ without transliteration)
Original: Πεντηκοστή
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. Established Thai Bible Society transliteration for Acts 2:1; 20:16. Comprehension risk (unfamiliar OT harvest-festival background), not syncretism risk; a brief explanatory note on the Feast of Weeks/Shavuot background is recommended.
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: หมายสำคัญและการอัศจรรย์
Transliteration: mai samkhan lae kan atsajan
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα
Category: Apostolic Authority
NEW. Acts 2:19, 22, 43; 4:30; 5:12; 6:8; 14:3; 15:12. Distinguish from the sacred potency ascribed to amulets/holy objects (วัตถุมงคล) and from folk spirit-medium wonder-claims.
Gift Of Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ของประทานคือพระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: khong pratan khue Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: δωρεὰ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. Acts 2:38; 8:20; 10:45; 11:17. Combines baseline spiritual_gifts root (ของประทาน) with พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์. Must preserve the freely-given, unearned sense already established for grace; never imply the Spirit is a reward for the merit of repenting or being baptized.
Casting Lots
Approved rendering: จับสลาก
Transliteration: chap salak
Doctrine: Divine Providence and Sovereignty
Rejected alternatives: เสี่ยงเซียมซี, หมอดู
Original: κλῆρος
Category: Providence
NEW. Acts 1:26. Used only after prayer to a sovereign God who already knows the outcome; distinguish from Thai temple fortune-telling practices (เสี่ยงเซียมซี, หมอดู) that operate independently of a personal God’s guidance.
Hellenists
Approved rendering: ชาวยิวที่พูดภาษากรีก
Transliteration: chao yio thi phut phasa krik
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: Ἑλληνισταί
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 6:1. Descriptive rendering; no single-word Thai equivalent needed. Requires a short historical/cultural note distinguishing this from a doctrinal division.
Deacon Serving Tables
Approved rendering: มัคนายก
Transliteration: makkhanayok
Doctrine: Church Governance and Leadership
Original: διακονεῖν τραπέζαις / διακονία
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 6:1-6. General service rendered การปรนนิบัติ (kan pronnibat); the office itself มัคนายก. Distinguish from the Buddhist temple-attendant or lay-almoner role; a distinct Spirit-qualified church office of practical service, not religious merit-work.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: การวางมือ
Transliteration: kan wang mue
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: ผูกด้ายมงคล
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church/Ministry
NEW. Acts 6:6; 8:17-19; 9:17; 13:3; 19:6; 28:8. Distinguish from a spirit-medium’s (ร่างทรง) power-transmitting touch and from a monk’s blessing-touch/string-tying (ผูกด้ายมงคล); a prayer-accompanying gesture invoking God’s own action, not a channel of impersonal transferable power.
Disciples
Approved rendering: สาวก
Transliteration: sawok
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: μαθηταί
Category: Church
NEW. Recurs throughout Acts (6:1-2, 7; 9:1, 10, 19, 25-26, 36, 38; 11:26, 29; 14:20, 22, 28; 15:10; 16:1; 18:23, 27; 19:1, 9, 30; 20:1, 30; 21:4, 16). Genuinely shared vocabulary with Thai Buddhism (the standard term for a disciple of the Buddha, พระสาวก), not merely a false friend. Must always be anchored explicitly to Christ (สาวกของพระเยซู/พระคริสต์), never left unqualified.
Christians
Approved rendering: คริสเตียน
Transliteration: khristian
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: Χριστιανοί
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 11:26; 26:28. Established Thai transliteration-loanword in universal use. Must retain specific, Christ-centered content rather than flattening to a generic ‘non-Buddhist Westerner’ category, a loose popular usage.
Light To Gentiles
Approved rendering: ความสว่างส่องแก่ชนต่างชาติ
Transliteration: khwam sawang song kae chon tang chat
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: φῶς ἐθνῶν
Category: Missiology
NEW. Acts 13:47, applying Isaiah’s Servant-mission light-imagery (Isaiah 49:6) to the church’s own apostolic commission.
Appointing Elders
Approved rendering: แต่งตั้งผู้ปกครอง
Transliteration: taeng tang phu pokkhrong
Doctrine: Church Governance and Leadership
Original: χειροτονήσαντες πρεσβυτέρους
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 14:23; 20:17. Distinguish from generic social deference to elders by age (ผู้ใหญ่) and from a Buddhist sangha elder monk (พระเถระ); a specific, appointed church governance office.
Apostolic Decree
Approved rendering: คำวินิจฉัยของอัครทูตและผู้ปกครอง
Transliteration: kham winitchai khong akkhrathut lae phu pokkhrong
Doctrine: Church Governance and Leadership
Original: τὰ δόγματα
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 15:19-20, 28; 16:4. A pastoral wisdom-ruling for cross-cultural harmony, not new law re-imposing works-based justification, parallel to the baseline’s law_of_christ caution.
Artemis Of Ephesians
Approved rendering: อารเทมิส
Transliteration: Aratemis
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: Ἄρτεμις
Category: Culture/Narrative
NEW. Acts 19:24, 27-28, 34-35. Proper name transliteration; historical/cultural note recommended, with cautious use as a teaching bridge to shrine-centered commerce in Thai popular religion.
Overseers
Approved rendering: ผู้ดูแล
Transliteration: phu du lae
Doctrine: Church Governance and Leadership
Rejected alternatives: เจ้าอาวาส
Original: ἐπίσκοποι
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 20:17, 28. Distinguish from an abbot’s institutional monastic authority (เจ้าอาวาส); spiritual shepherding responsibility modeled on Christ, the Great Shepherd.
Whole Counsel Of God
Approved rendering: พระดำริทั้งสิ้นของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phra damri thang sin khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Divine Providence and Sovereignty
Rejected alternatives: เวรกรรม, ดวง
Original: πᾶσαν τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Providence
NEW. Acts 20:27. Must not suggest an impersonal fated plan (เวรกรรม/ดวง); God’s own revealed, personal purpose.
Nazirite Vow
Approved rendering: คำสัตย์ปฏิญาณแบบนาซีร์
Transliteration: kham sat patiyan baep Nasir
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: εὐχή / ξυρήσωνται τὴν κεφαλήν
Category: Law/Culture
NEW. Acts 21:23-24. Requires an OT background note (Numbers 6); care is needed not to let this be read as Paul re-imposing law-keeping as a means of justification, contrary to the doctrine already established at Acts 15.
Defense Testimony
Approved rendering: คำให้การแก้ต่าง
Transliteration: kham hai kan kae tang
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Persecution and Witness
NEW. Acts 22:1; 25:16; 26:1-2. Formal, legal self-defense doubling as authoritative gospel testimony; reinforces the witness (พยาน) doctrine.
Roman Citizenship
Approved rendering: สัญชาติโรมัน
Transliteration: sanchat Roman
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: Ῥωμαῖός εἰμι
Category: Culture/Government
NEW. Acts 16:37-38; 22:25-28; 25:10-11. Historical/legal proper term. Given the baseline’s existing note on Romans 13’s lèse-majesté-sensitive register, present factually and historically, not as a confrontational rights-assertion template against contemporary Thai authority structures.
Conscience
Approved rendering: มโนธรรม
Transliteration: manotham
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
NEW. Acts 23:1; 24:16. Must be anchored to accountability before God, not a purely humanistic or socially-relative moral sense.
Cut To The Heart
Approved rendering: รู้สึกเสียดแทงใจ
Transliteration: ru suek siat thaeng jai
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Original: κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Acts 2:37 (core passage). Must be distinguished from a merely social feeling of shame (เสียหน้า) disconnected from genuine conviction of sin before God.
Added To The Church
Approved rendering: เข้าร่วมกับคริสตจักร
Transliteration: khao ruam kap khritsatchak
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: προσετέθησαν … ψυχαί
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 2:41, 47 (core passage). ψυχή here means ‘person/individual,’ not a disembodied soul-essence in the Buddhist technical sense (anattā); prefer คน (person) over a literal-sounding วิญญาณ-based rendering.
Breaking Of Bread
Approved rendering: การหักขนมปัง
Transliteration: kan hak khanompang
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: ἡ κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 2:42, 46 (core passage). Distinguish from ordinary communal meal-sharing and from Buddhist merit-making almsgiving to monks (ถวายอาหารพระ); commemorates Christ’s once-for-all atoning death, not merit for the giver.
Held All Things In Common
Approved rendering: มีทุกสิ่งเป็นของร่วมกัน
Transliteration: mi thuk sing pen khong ruam kan
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 2:44-45 (core passage); 4:32. Distinguish from communal monastic property (จตุปัจจัยของสงฆ์); voluntary generosity among a lay community of equals, not an institutional rule binding a religious specialist class.
Awe Reverential Fear
Approved rendering: ความเกรงกลัว
Transliteration: khwam kreng klua
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: φόβος
Category: Church
NEW. Acts 2:43 (core passage); 5:5, 11; 19:17. Distinguish from fear of ghosts/spirits (ผี) in Thai folk religion; reverence before the one true God’s manifest holiness and power.
Pour Out The Spirit
Approved rendering: ทรงเทพระวิญญาณของพระองค์ลง
Transliteration: song the Phra Winyan khong phra ong long
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου
Category: Pneumatology
NEW. Acts 2:17-18 (core passage, Joel citation). ทรง- honorific keeps God as the explicit subject of the pouring — an act of divine generosity, not an impersonal cosmic emanation.
Right Hand Of God
Approved rendering: เบื้องขวาพระหัตถ์ของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: bueang khwa phra hat khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Lordship and Exaltation of Christ
Original: τῇ δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Acts 2:33 (core passage); cf. 7:55-56. An idiom without a safe Thai royal-court equivalent, since Thai royal-court right-hand imagery is reserved exclusively for the monarchy; handle with explanatory framing rather than mapping onto existing court vocabulary.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: การสามัคคีธรรม
Transliteration: kan samakkhi tham
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: มิตรภาพ
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:42 (κοινωνία in the early-church summary).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ผู้เผยพระวจนะ
Transliteration: phu phoei phra wotchana
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: หมอดู
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts, applying to OT figures cited throughout and to NT prophetic figures such as Agabus (11:27-28; 21:10).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: คำพยากรณ์
Transliteration: kham phayakon
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: คำทำนายดวงชะตา
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:16-18 (Joel citation), grounding the Pentecost outpouring as fulfilled prophecy.
David
Approved rendering: ดาวิด
Transliteration: Dawit
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:25, 29, 34; 4:25; 13:22, 34, 36.
Exhort
Approved rendering: หนุนใจ
Transliteration: nun jai
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 2:40; 11:23; 14:22; 15:32; 16:40; 20:1-2.
Abraham
Approved rendering: อับราฮัม
Transliteration: Abraham
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans/Galatians package; reused exactly for Acts 3:13, 25; 7:2-17; 13:26.
Times Of Refreshing
Approved rendering: วาระแห่งความชุ่มชื่นใจ
Transliteration: wara haeng khwam chum chuen jai
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Original: καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Acts 3:20. Eschatological relief following repentance, anticipating Christ’s return. Minor risk of a this-worldly-prosperity misreading.
Stoning
Approved rendering: เอาหินขว้าง
Transliteration: ao hin khwang
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: λιθοβολέω
Category: Persecution and Witness
NEW. Acts 7:58-59; 14:19. Historical judicial execution method; no Thai-specific collision.
Eunuch
Approved rendering: ขันที
Transliteration: khanthi
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: εὐνοῦχος
Category: Missiology
NEW. Acts 8:27, 34, 36, 38-39. Established historical court-official term; a brief note on the OT background (Isaiah 56:3-5; Deuteronomy 23:1) strengthens the inclusion-doctrine teaching point.
Scales Fell From Eyes
Approved rendering: เกล็ดตาหลุดออกจากตา
Transliteration: klet ta lut ok chak ta
Doctrine: Conversion of Paul
Original: ἀπέπεσαν αἱ λεπίδες
Category: Conversion Narrative
NEW. Acts 9:18. Purely descriptive physical/symbolic image of Saul’s spiritual illumination; no Thai-specific collision.
Viper Snake
Approved rendering: งูพิษ
Transliteration: ngu phit
Doctrine: Divine Providence and Sovereignty
Original: ἔχιδνα
Category: Culture/Narrative
NEW. Acts 28:3-6. Purely narrative/cultural detail; no theological collision.
Referenced passages