Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Titus (English → Thai)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by the curriculum’s seven named doctrines, followed by a general/reused-terms section. Terms marked [Baseline] are inherited unchanged from the Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json and MUST be reused exactly as recorded there. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions specific to Titus, formatted for direct entry into translation_memory.json in Phase 2.

Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly:

Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
Low — minor imprecision; automated review sufficient.

Doctrine 1: Grace That Trains for Godly Living (Titus 2:11-14; 1:1)

Key	English Term	Greek / Translit.	Thai Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Passages	Notes
grace	Grace	χάρις / charis	พระคุณ	phra khun	Critical	1:4; 2:11; 3:7, 15	[Baseline] Reuse exactly. Never บุญ/กรรมดี/บารมี.
trains	Trains, disciplines	παιδεύουσα (παιδεύω) / paideuousa	การทรงฝึกอบรมสั่งสอน	kan song fuek oprom sangson	High	2:12	[NEW] Agent must remain grace/God (ทรง-), never self-directed moral cultivation.
godliness	Godliness	εὐσέβεια / eusebeia	ความยำเกรงพระเจ้า	khwam yamkreng Phra Chao	High	1:1; (adv. εὐσεβῶς, 2:12)	[NEW] Avoid ศีลธรรม (generic morality) and ศรัทธา (rejected in baseline for “faith”).
ungodliness	Ungodliness	ἀσέβεια / asebeia	ความไม่ยำเกรงพระเจ้า	khwam mai yamkreng Phra Chao	Medium	2:12	[NEW] Direct negation of eusebeia entry.
worldly passions	Worldly passions/desires	κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι	ตัณหาของโลกนี้	tanha khong lok ni	Medium	2:12	[NEW] ตัณหา is shared Buddhist-technical vocabulary (craving); anchor remedy to grace/Spirit, not self-extinguishing insight.
self-controlled	Self-controlled, sensible	σώφρων / sōphrōn (adv. σωφρόνως)	รู้จักควบคุมตนเอง	ru chak khuap khum ton eng	Medium	1:8; 2:2, 5, 6, 12	[NEW] Avoid สติ/สติสัมปชัญญะ (Buddhist mindfulness vocabulary).
present age	The present age	ὁ νῦν αἰών / ho nyn aiōn	ยุคนี้ / ยุคปัจจุบัน	yuk ni / yuk patchuban	Medium–High	2:12	[NEW] Must remain a linear era, not one of an endless cyclical succession of Buddhist cosmological ages (กัป).
appeared / appearing	Appeared, appearing, epiphany	ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια / epiphainō / epiphaneia	การทรงปรากฏ	kan song prakot	High	2:11, 13; 3:4	[NEW] A real, historical, once-for-all/twice-total self-disclosure (past incarnation, future return); never a repeatable divine descent (guards the same territory as the baseline’s incarnation entry).

Doctrine 2: Qualifications for Elders (Titus 1:5-9)

Key	English Term	Greek / Translit.	Thai Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Passages	Notes
elder	Elder	πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros	ผู้ปกครอง(คริสตจักร)	phu pokkhrong (khritsatchak)	Medium	1:5	[NEW] Distinguish from the Galatians baseline’s ผู้ปกครองดูแล (“guardian/paidagōgos,” a temporary superseded role); the elder is a permanent office.
overseer	Overseer, bishop	ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos	ผู้ดูแล(คริสตจักร)	phu dulae (khritsatchak)	High	1:7	[NEW] Same office as “elder” viewed functionally. Must not be assimilated to เจ้าอาวาส (Buddhist temple abbot).
God’s steward	God’s steward	θεοῦ οἰκονόμος / theou oikonomos	ผู้ดูแลงานของพระเจ้า	phu dulae ngan khong Phra Chao	Medium	1:7	[NEW] Avoid royal/palace-administration vocabulary (ราชการ).
blameless	Blameless, above reproach	ἀνέγκλητος / anegklētos	ไม่มีข้อตำหนิ	mai mi kho tamni	Low–Medium	1:6, 7	[NEW]
sound doctrine	Sound doctrine, healthy teaching	ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / hygiainousa didaskalia	หลักคำสอนที่ถูกต้อง	lak kham son thi thuk tong	High	1:9, 13; 2:1, 2, 8	[NEW] Distinguish from สัมมาทิฏฐิ (Buddhist “right view,” a personally-verified insight); sound doctrine is a received, guarded apostolic deposit. Also see Doctrine 3 below.
refute / rebuke	Refute, rebuke, reprove	ἐλέγχω / elegchō	การว่ากล่าวตักเตือน / หักล้าง	kan wa klao takteun / lak lang	Medium	1:9, 13; 2:15	[NEW] Retain authoritative doctrinal-correction force.
husband of one wife	Husband of one wife	μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ	สามีของภรรยาคนเดียว (descriptive)	—	Low	1:6	Descriptive phrase; no coinage needed.
divisive-person qualifications (contrast)	not violent, not greedy, etc.	αὐθάδη, ὀργίλον, πάροινον, πλήκτην, αἰσχροκερδῆ	descriptive vice-list	—	Low	1:7	Standard vocabulary; automated review sufficient.

Doctrine 3: Sound Doctrine and Good Works (Titus 1:9-16; 2:1-10; 3:8, 14)

Key	English Term	Greek / Translit.	Thai Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Passages	Notes
sound doctrine	Sound doctrine	ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία	หลักคำสอนที่ถูกต้อง	lak kham son thi thuk tong	High	1:9, 13; 2:1, 2, 8	See Doctrine 2 entry; reused here as the letter’s dominant recurring theme.
good works	Good works, good deeds	καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα / kala / agatha erga	การกระทำที่ดี	kan kratham thi di	Critical	1:16; 2:7, 14; 3:1, 8, 14	[NEW] — HIGHEST THAI-CULTURAL-COLLISION TERM IN THE BOOK. Thai’s natural “doing good deeds” vocabulary (ทำดี, กรรมดี, ทำบุญ) is exactly the forbidden merit vocabulary already banned by the baseline for grace and works of the law. Must always be presented as the fruit of grace/salvation (2:14; 3:8, 14), never the cause (3:5 explicitly excludes this). Never explain using บุญ/ทำบุญ. Never collapse into the folk maxim “ทำดีได้ดี” already flagged Critical for Galatians’ sowing_and_reaping.
adorn the doctrine	Adorn the doctrine	κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν	ทำให้คำสอนนั้นงดงาม	tham hai kham son nan ngot ngam	Low–Medium	2:10	[NEW] Conduct commends, not augments, the gospel.
example / pattern	Example, model, pattern	τύπος / typos	ตัวอย่าง / แบบอย่าง	tua yang / baep yang	Low	2:7	Standard vocabulary.
unfit for good work	Unfit for any good work	πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἀδόκιμοι	ไม่เหมาะแก่การกระทำที่ดีใดๆ	mai mo kae kan kratham thi di dai dai	Medium	1:16	[NEW] Negated form of good_works entry; profession-without-practice contrast.
deny by works	Deny God by their works	τοῖς ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται	ปฏิเสธพระองค์ด้วยการกระทำ	patiseth Phra Ong duai kan kratham	Medium	1:16	[NEW]
unfruitful	Unfruitful	ἄκαρπος / akarpos	ไม่เกิดผล	mai koet phon	Low	3:14	[NEW]

Doctrine 4: Salvation by Grace not Works (Titus 3:4-7; 2:11)

Key	English Term	Greek / Translit.	Thai Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Passages	Notes
salvation / saved	Salvation, saved	σωτηρία / σῴζω	ความรอด / ทรงช่วยให้รอด	khwam rot	Critical	2:11; 3:5	[Baseline] Reuse exactly. Never การบรรลุนิพพาน.
not by works done in righteousness	Not by works done by us in righteousness	οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ	ไม่ใช่เพราะการกระทำที่ชอบธรรมซึ่งเราได้ทำ	mai chai phro kan kratham thi chop tham sueng rao dai tham	Critical	3:5	[NEW] Direct negative counterpart to good_works; must never use บุญ/กรรมดี vocabulary, which would flip the point from “excludes merit” to “excludes bad karma.”
mercy	Mercy	ἔλεος / eleos	ความเมตตา	khwam metta	High	3:5	[NEW] เมตตา is a Brahmavihara term (cultivable meditative virtue in Buddhism); anchor to a personal, sovereign, saving God (per baseline’s treatment of บาป as shared-but-anchored vocabulary).
kindness / goodness	Kindness, goodness	χρηστότης / chrēstotēs	ความดีงาม	khwam di ngam	Medium	3:4	[NEW] Avoids กรุณา (Brahmavihara compassion term).
loving kindness	Loving kindness, benevolence	φιλανθρωπία / philanthrōpia	ความรักที่มีต่อมนุษย์	khwam rak thi mi to manut	Medium	3:4	[NEW] Must retain God as explicit possessor/source, not generic secular humanitarianism.
justification / justified	Justified	δικαιωθέντες (δικαιόω)	การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม	kan thuk nap wa pen phu chop tham	Critical	3:7	[Baseline] Reuse exactly. Forensic “declared,” not “made” righteous.
righteousness	Righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	ความชอบธรรม	khwam chop tham	Critical	3:5 (adv. δικαίως, 2:12)	[Baseline] Reuse exactly. Never บุญกุศล/ความดี.
great God and Savior	Great God and Savior [Jesus Christ]	μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	พระเจ้าผู้ยิ่งใหญ่และพระผู้ช่วยให้รอดของเรา คือพระเยซูคริสต์	Phra Chao phu ying yai lae Phra Phu Chuai Hai Rot khong rao, khue Phra Yesu Khrit	Critical	2:13	[NEW] Direct deity-of-Christ text (Sharp’s rule grammar); explicit appositive คือ required to prevent splitting into two referents.
Savior	Savior	σωτήρ / sōtēr	พระผู้ช่วยให้รอด	Phra Phu Chuai Hai Rot	High	1:3, 4; 2:10, 13; 3:4, 6	[NEW] Applied to both Father and Son across the letter — consistent rendering required to preserve this Trinitarian pattern; never assimilated to a folk-religious guardian-rescuer or bodhisattva-like figure.

Doctrine 5: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit (Titus 3:5-6)

Key	English Term	Greek / Translit.	Thai Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Passages	Notes
regeneration	Regeneration, new birth	παλιγγενεσία / palingenesia	การทรงบังเกิดใหม่	kan song bangkoet mai	Critical	3:5	[NEW] — HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN THE BOOK. Literal sense “again-birth” collides directly with the already-forbidden การเกิดใหม่/การกลับชาติมาเกิด (rebirth/reincarnation, banned in the baseline for “resurrection” and “new creation”). MUST use บังเกิด (elevated, non-repeatable divine-birth verb, per the baseline’s incarnation entry), never plain เกิด. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.
washing	Washing	λουτρόν / loutron	การชำระ	kan chamra	Medium	3:5	[NEW] Reuses baseline’s sanctification ชำระ root; distinguish from Buddhist ritual water-blessing (รดน้ำมนต์).
renewal	Renewal	ἀνακαίνωσις / anakainōsis	การทรงเปลี่ยนใหม่	kan song plian mai	Medium–High	3:5	[NEW] Keep distinct from the Galatians baseline’s new_creation (การทรงสร้างใหม่); ἀνακαίνωσις renews an existing thing rather than creating afresh. Never เกิดใหม่.
poured out	Poured out	ἐκχέω / ekcheō	ทรงเทลงมา	song thay long ma	Low–Medium	3:6	[NEW] Preserve “richly/abundantly” (πλουσίως); echoes Pentecost (Joel 2/Acts 2).
Holy Spirit	Holy Spirit	Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον	พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์	Phra Winyan Borisut	Critical	3:5	[Baseline] Reuse exactly.
eternal life	Eternal life	ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios	ชีวิตนิรันดร์	chiwit nirandon	High	1:2; 3:7	[NEW] Personal, unending, relational life with a personal God through bodily resurrection; not endless favorable rebirth.
heir	Heir	κληρονόμος / klēronomos	ทายาท	thayat	Medium	3:7	[Baseline: Galatians] Reuse exactly.
hope	Hope	ἐλπίς / elpis	ความหวัง	khwam wang	Medium	1:2; 2:13; 3:7	[NEW] Confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not a wistful wish nor an attachment to be released.

Doctrine 6: Submission to Authority (Titus 3:1-2; 2:5, 9-10)

Key	English Term	Greek / Translit.	Thai Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Passages	Notes
rulers, authorities	Rulers, authorities	ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι	ผู้มีอำนาจปกครอง	phu mi amnat pokkhrong	High	3:1	[NEW] Thailand’s lèse-majesté-sensitive register (per baseline’s Romans 13 flag); render as general biblical civil-order ethic, not commentary on any specific government’s legitimacy.
submit / be subject to	Submit, be subject to	ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō	การยอมอยู่ใต้อำนาจ (civil); ยอมเชื่อฟัง (household)	kan yom yu tai amnat; yom cheuafang	High	2:5, 9; 3:1	[NEW] Context-sensitive across three distinct relationships (citizens/rulers; wives/husbands; slaves/masters), paralleling the baseline’s treatment of “called.”
obedient	Obedient	πειθαρχέω / peitharcheō	เชื่อฟัง	cheuafang	Medium	3:1	[NEW] Inherits civil-authority sensitivity.
master (human)	Master	δεσπότης / despotēs	เจ้านาย	chao nai	Medium	2:9	[NEW] Distinct from κύριος/“Lord” (which rejects เจ้านาย per the baseline); appropriate here because it names a human master, not Christ.
slave / bondservant	Slave, bondservant	δοῦλος / doulos	ทาส (literal); ผู้รับใช้ (honorific, Paul’s self-designation)	that; phu rap chai	Medium	1:1; 2:9; 3:3	[NEW] Context-sensitive across three senses: honorific self-designation (1:1), literal household slavery (2:9), sinful bondage (3:3).
speak evil of	Speak evil of, slander	βλασφημέω / blasphēmeō	การกล่าวร้าย	kan klao rai	Low	2:5; 3:2	[NEW]
gentleness / courtesy	Gentleness, courtesy	ἐπιεικής, πραΰτης	มีใจอ่อนโยน / ความสุภาพอ่อนโยน	mi jai on yon	Low	3:2	[NEW]

Doctrine 7: Avoiding Divisive Controversies (Titus 3:9-11; 1:10-14)

Key	English Term	Greek / Translit.	Thai Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Passages	Notes
foolish controversies	Foolish controversies	μωραὶ ζητήσεις	การถกเถียงที่ไร้สาระ	kan thok thiang thi rai sara	Medium	3:9	[NEW]
genealogies	Genealogies	γενεαλογίαι	ลำดับวงศ์ตระกูล	lamdap wong trakun	Low	3:9	[NEW] Distinguish from the affirmed covenant-lineage doctrines (seed_of_abraham, seed_of_david) elsewhere in the corpus — this names condemned idle speculation, not covenant genealogy.
quarrels about the law	Quarrels about the law	μάχαι νομικαί	การขัดแย้งเรื่องธรรมบัญญัติ	kan khatyaeng rueang thammabanyat	Medium	3:9	[NEW] Continues the Galatians law/grace tension.
divisive person	Divisive/factious person	αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος / hairetikos anthrōpos	คนที่ก่อความแตกแยก	khon thi ko khwam taek yaek	Medium	3:10	[NEW] Not narrowly a later technical “heretic”; emphasis is the divisive relational effect.
warning	Warning, admonition	νουθεσία / nouthesia	การเตือน	kan teuan	Low	3:10	[NEW]
have nothing more to do with	Have nothing more to do with, reject	παραιτέομαι / paraiteomai	ไม่ยุ่งเกี่ยวด้วยอีก	mai yung kiao duai ik	Low–Medium	3:10	[NEW]
self-condemned	Self-condemned	αὐτοκατάκριτος	ตัดสินโทษตัวเอง	tatsin thot tua eng	Low	3:11	[NEW]
Jewish myths	Jewish myths	Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι	เรื่องเล่าที่ไม่จริงของยิว	rueang lao thi mai jing khong yio	Low	1:14	[NEW]
empty talkers and deceivers	Empty talkers, deceivers	ματαιολόγοι καὶ φρεναπάται	คนพูดเปล่าประโยชน์และคนหลอกลวง	khon phut plao prayot lae khon lok luang	Low–Medium	1:10	[NEW]

General / Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in Titus

Key	English Term	Thai Rendering	Risk	Passages	Notes
grace	Grace	พระคุณ	Critical	1:4; 2:11; 3:7, 15	[Baseline]
faith	Faith	ความเชื่อ	Medium	1:1, 4, 13; 2:2, 10; 3:15	[Baseline] Object of faith consistently God/Christ.
salvation	Salvation	ความรอด	Critical	2:11; 3:5	[Baseline]
righteousness	Righteousness	ความชอบธรรม	Critical	3:5	[Baseline]
justification	Justification	การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม	Critical	3:7	[Baseline]
God	God	พระเจ้า	Critical	throughout	[Baseline]
Jesus	Jesus	พระเยซู	Critical	throughout	[Baseline]
Christ	Christ	พระคริสต์	Critical	throughout	[Baseline]
Holy Spirit	Holy Spirit	พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์	Critical	3:5	[Baseline]
Father	Father	พระบิดา	High	1:4	[Baseline]
apostle	Apostle	อัครทูต	Medium	1:1	[Baseline]
holy	Holy	บริสุทธิ์	High	1:8 (ὅσιον, related)	[Baseline]
law	Law	ธรรมบัญญัติ	High	3:9	[Baseline]
promise	Promise	พระสัญญา	High	1:2	[Baseline]
heir	Heir	ทายาท	Medium	3:7	[Baseline: Galatians]
redeem	Redeem	ทรงไถ่	Critical	2:14	[Baseline: Galatians]
circumcision	Circumcision	การเข้าสุหนัต	Medium	1:10	[Baseline: Galatians]
election / elect	Elect	ผู้ที่พระเจ้าทรงเลือก	High	1:1	[Baseline] reuses การทรงเลือก root.
glory	Glory	พระสิริ	High	2:13	[Baseline]
conscience	Conscience	มโนธรรม	Low	1:15	[NEW but low-risk] Established generic Thai term; shared vocabulary, no substitution required.

Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2

παλιγγενεσία (regeneration, 3:5) is the single highest-priority new Critical term in this package and should be the first entry added to translation_memory.json version increment for Titus, with the baseline’s existing forbidden-substitution rule for การเกิดใหม่ explicitly extended to cover it.
καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα (good works) requires a dedicated forbidden-substitution note in the Titus AI Translation Requirements (Step 4/Phase 1 Step 3 equivalent for this curriculum): never บุญ, ทำบุญ, or กรรมดี.
σωτήρ (Savior) and the paired Father/Son application pattern (1:3/1:4; 2:10/2:13; 3:4/3:6) should be flagged for consistency checking across the whole book in Phase 2 Step 16 — six occurrences must render identically regardless of which worker processes each chapter.
ὑποτάσσω (submission) at 3:1 should be routed to the same native-speaker-plus-escalation review track the baseline already established for Romans 13:1-7, given shared Thai political-register sensitivity.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: พระคุณ
Transliteration: phra khun
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living / Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี, บารมี
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

[Inherited from Romans package.] CRITICAL: Never use บุญ (merit) or กรรมดี (good karma), and never บารมี (accumulated charisma/perfection built over lifetimes, a concept applied to both monks and the monarchy). พระคุณ must be taught as favor given apart from any accumulated merit. In Titus 2:11 and 2:12 grace is additionally the personified acting subject that appears AND trains; agency must remain with grace/God (ทรง-), never shift to the believer’s self-cultivation.

Salvation

Approved rendering: ความรอด
Transliteration: khwam rot
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: การบรรลุนิพพาน, การหลุดพ้น
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation

[Inherited from Romans package.] CRITICAL: NEVER use การบรรลุนิพพาน (attaining nibbana) or การหลุดพ้น (liberation from rebirth). ความรอด = deliverance BY God THROUGH Christ. Titus 2:11 and 3:5 both anchor salvation explicitly apart from human works.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: ความชอบธรรม
Transliteration: khwam chop tham
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: บุญกุศล, ความดี
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

[Inherited from Romans package.] CRITICAL: Never use บุญกุศล or generic ความดี. Titus 3:5’s ‘works done by us in righteousness’ requires this noun to remain forensic/relational, not a moral-performance score.

Justification

Approved rendering: การถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชอบธรรม
Transliteration: kan thuk nap wa pen phu chop tham
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: การได้บุญ
Original: δικαιωθέντες (δικαιόω)
Category: Salvation

[Inherited from Romans package.] Compound phrase required; no single Thai word carries the forensic sense. Titus 3:7 ties this term explicitly to grace and to regeneration in the same sentence, making any drift toward a merit-accrual gloss doubly damaging.

God

Approved rendering: พระเจ้า
Transliteration: Phra Chao
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13)
Rejected alternatives: เทวดา, พระพรหม
Original: θεός
Category: God

[Inherited from Romans package.] CRITICAL: Never use เทวดา or พระพรหม. Applied to Christ himself at Titus 2:13 in the letter’s clearest deity-of-Christ statement.

Jesus

Approved rendering: พระเยซู
Transliteration: Phra Yesu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

[Inherited from Romans package.] Standard Thai Bible form; used throughout Titus.

Christ

Approved rendering: พระคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Khrit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

[Inherited from Galatians package.] Established proper-name form; used throughout Titus, most significantly in the 2:13 confession.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: พระวิญญาณบริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: Phra Winyan Borisut
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: วิญญาณ, ผี
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God

[Inherited from Romans package.] CRITICAL: Never use วิญญาณ alone or ผี. Named in Titus 3:5-6 as the agent of both regeneration/renewal and the abundant outpouring through Christ.

Redeem

Approved rendering: ทรงไถ่
Transliteration: song thai
Doctrine: Church as God’s Treasured Possession
Rejected alternatives: ปลดเปลื้องกรรม
Original: λυτρώσηται (λυτρόω)
Category: Salvation

[Inherited from Galatians package.] CRITICAL: never ปลดเปลื้องกรรม (clearing one’s own karmic debt). Reused verbatim at Titus 2:14 for Christ’s self-giving, substitutionary rescue of a people from lawlessness (λυτρόω), a related but distinct Greek verb from Galatians’ ἐξαγοράζω describing the same redemptive act.

Good Works

Approved rendering: การกระทำที่ดี
Transliteration: kan kratham thi di
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: ทำดี, กรรมดี, ทำบุญ, บุญกุศล
Original: καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Ethics

NEW — THE SINGLE HIGHEST THAI-CULTURAL-COLLISION TERM IN THE BOOK. Thai’s most natural ‘doing good deeds’ vocabulary (ทำดี, กรรมดี, ทำบุญ) is exactly the merit-making vocabulary already forbidden by the baseline for grace and works of the law. Every occurrence (1:16; 2:7, 14; 3:1, 8, 14) must be anchored as the FRUIT of grace/redemption, never the CAUSE or MEANS of salvation, which 3:5 explicitly denies. Never collapse into the folk maxim ‘ทำดีได้ดี’ already flagged Critical for Galatians’ sowing_and_reaping.

Not By Works Of Righteousness

Approved rendering: ไม่ใช่เพราะการกระทำที่ชอบธรรมซึ่งเราได้ทำ
Transliteration: mai chai phro kan kratham thi chop tham sueng rao dai tham
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: บุญ, กรรมดี
Original: οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς
Category: Salvation

NEW. GOLD-STANDARD SENTENCE, Titus 3:5. Must never be rendered using บุญ/กรรมดี vocabulary, which would flip Paul’s point from ‘salvation excludes merit’ into ‘salvation excludes bad karma’ — a total doctrinal inversion. Must render identically across every Phase 2 worker.

Great God And Savior

Approved rendering: พระเจ้าผู้ยิ่งใหญ่และพระผู้ช่วยให้รอดของเรา คือพระเยซูคริสต์
Transliteration: Phra Chao phu ying yai lae Phra Phu Chuai Hai Rot khong rao, khue Phra Yesu Khrit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13)
Rejected alternatives: an unmarked construction splitting God the Father and Jesus as two separate referents
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology

NEW. One of the NT’s clearest direct assertions of the full deity of Christ (Titus 2:13, Sharp’s-rule grammar). The explicit appositive คือ (‘that is/namely’) is MANDATORY, never optional, because Thai’s article-less grammar would otherwise silently permit a two-referent misreading. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.

Regeneration

Approved rendering: การทรงบังเกิดใหม่
Transliteration: kan song bangkoet mai
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: การเกิดใหม่, การกลับชาติมาเกิด
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation

NEW — THE SINGLE HIGHEST THAI-SPECIFIC RISK TERM IN THE BOOK, Titus 3:5. παλιγγενεσία’s literal ‘again-birth’ sense sits directly on top of การเกิดใหม่/การกลับชาติมาเกิด (rebirth/reincarnation within samsara), already forbidden by the baseline for ‘resurrection’ and ‘new creation.’ MUST use บังเกิด (the elevated, non-repeatable verb already reserved for the Incarnation, การทรงบังเกิดเป็นมนุษย์), NEVER the ordinary verb เกิด. This is a lexical firewall, not a stylistic preference. Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.

High Risk Terms

Father

Approved rendering: พระบิดา
Transliteration: Phra Bida
Doctrine: Savior Title Applied to Father and Son
Rejected alternatives: พ่อขุน
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

[Inherited from Romans package.] God as personal, relational Father. Avoid พ่อขุน. Named once in Titus 1:4.

Holy

Approved rendering: บริสุทธิ์
Transliteration: borisut
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: ศักดิ์สิทธิ์
Original: ὅσιος / ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

[Inherited from Romans package.] Set apart for God and morally pure; avoid ศักดิ์สิทธิ์’s object-potency connotation. Used of the elder qualification ὅσιον at Titus 1:8.

Law

Approved rendering: ธรรมบัญญัติ
Transliteration: tham banyat
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: พระธรรมวินัย
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

[Inherited from Romans package.] Mosaic Law; never พระธรรมวินัย (Buddhist monastic disciplinary code). Named at Titus 3:9 as the subject of divisive ‘quarrels about the law’ to be avoided.

Promise

Approved rendering: พระสัญญา
Transliteration: phra sanya
Doctrine: Inspiration and Apostolic Authority of the Word
Rejected alternatives: พร
Original: ἐπαγγελία (ἐπηγγείλατο)
Category: Covenant

[Inherited from Galatians package.] God’s own binding covenant word, not พร (a general blessing/boon sought from monks or spirits). Given ‘before the ages of time’ at Titus 1:2, grounding the letter’s opening hope of eternal life.

Election

Approved rendering: การทรงเลือก
Transliteration: kan song lueak
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม

[Inherited from Romans package.] God’s sovereign personal choice, never โชคชะตา/เวรกรรม (karma-fixed destiny). Underlies ‘God’s elect’ (ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ) at Titus 1:1; see the new ‘elect’ entry below for the full phrase built on this root.

Glory

Approved rendering: พระสิริ
Transliteration: Phra Siri
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: บารมี
Original: δόξα
Category: God

[Inherited from Romans package.] บารมี must never substitute for พระสิริ. Named at Titus 2:13 as the glory to be visibly manifested at Christ’s future appearing.

Elect

Approved rendering: ผู้ที่พระเจ้าทรงเลือก
Transliteration: phu thi Phra Chao song lueak
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: โชคชะตา, เวรกรรม
Original: ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ
Category: Salvation

NEW compound built on the baseline’s election root (การทรงเลือก), for Titus 1:1’s ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ, ‘God’s elect.’ Because this doctrine appears only once, at the letter’s opening line, translators risk treating it as low-stakes boilerplate rather than checking it against the baseline’s established Critical/High election vocabulary.

Trains

Approved rendering: การทรงฝึกอบรมสั่งสอน
Transliteration: kan song fuek oprom sangson
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ฝึกฝนตนเอง
Original: παιδεύουσα (παιδεύω)
Category: Sanctification

NEW. The ทรง- prefix must mark grace/God as the agent doing the training (Titus 2:12). A rendering suggesting self-directed moral cultivation (ฝึกฝนตนเอง) would relocate agency from grace to the believer’s own effort, converting the argument into the merit-based self-improvement framework 3:5 explicitly excludes.

Godliness

Approved rendering: ความยำเกรงพระเจ้า
Transliteration: khwam yamkreng Phra Chao
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ศีลธรรม, ศรัทธา
Original: εὐσέβεια (adv. εὐσεβῶς)
Category: Sanctification

NEW. Avoid ศีลธรรม (generic, religiously-neutral ‘morality/virtue’) and ศรัทธา (already rejected in the baseline for ‘faith’). ยำเกรง conveys reverential regard oriented toward a specific personal God. Titus 1:1 and adverbially (εὐσεβῶς) at 2:12.

Present Age

Approved rendering: ยุคนี้ / ยุคปัจจุบัน
Transliteration: yuk ni / yuk patchuban
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: กัป
Original: ὁ νῦν αἰών
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Thai Buddhist cosmology has its own technical term for a cosmic era (กัป), one of an endless cyclical succession of world-ages; must never be assimilated to this framework. Names a single, linear, bounded era (Titus 2:12), consistent with the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine.

Appeared Epiphany

Approved rendering: การทรงปรากฏ
Transliteration: kan song prakot
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: อวตาร
Original: ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology

NEW. Must convey a real, historical, non-repeatable self-disclosure of God, guarding the same territory the baseline protects against อวตาร for ‘incarnation.’ Occurs at 2:11, 13 and 3:4; Thai tense/aspect marking (via added temporal scaffolding) must keep the past incarnation-appearing (2:11; 3:4) distinct from the still-awaited future appearing (2:13).

Overseer

Approved rendering: ผู้ดูแล(คริสตจักร)
Transliteration: phu dulae (khritsatchak)
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: เจ้าอาวาส
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Leadership

NEW. Must not be assimilated to เจ้าอาวาส (the abbot who heads a Buddhist temple community as a solitary institutional authority). Titus 1:7’s overseer is one of a plurality of elders accountable to apostolic teaching, not an independent monastic head over a sacred site.

Sound Doctrine

Approved rendering: หลักคำสอนที่ถูกต้อง
Transliteration: lak kham son thi thuk tong
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: สัมมาทิฏฐิ
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Teaching

NEW. Must be distinguished from the Buddhist technical category สัมมาทิฏฐิ (‘right view’), insight personally verified through the practitioner’s own meditative practice. ‘Sound doctrine’ in Titus (1:9, 13; 2:1, 2, 8) is an apostolic deposit received and guarded, not a privately verified individual insight.

Mercy

Approved rendering: ความเมตตา
Transliteration: khwam metta
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation

NEW. เมตตา is one of the four Brahmavihara (‘sublime abidings’) in Thai Buddhism, a virtue cultivated through the believer’s own meditative discipline. Retained as shared vocabulary (parallel to the baseline’s treatment of บาป), but must always be anchored explicitly to ‘his own’ (พระเมตตาของพระองค์เอง) so mercy stays a personal, sovereign, saving God’s initiating act (Titus 3:5), not a human-cultivable disposition.

Savior

Approved rendering: พระผู้ช่วยให้รอด
Transliteration: Phra Phu Chuai Hai Rot
Doctrine: Savior Title Applied to Father and Son
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology

NEW. Applied to God the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and to Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) in a deliberate six-occurrence paired pattern forming an implicit Trinitarian argument. Must render identically at every occurrence regardless of which Phase 2 worker processes each chapter; never assimilated to a folk-religious guardian-rescuer or bodhisattva-like figure.

Renewal

Approved rendering: การทรงเปลี่ยนใหม่
Transliteration: kan song plian mai
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: เกิดใหม่
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Salvation

NEW. Must be kept distinct from the Galatians baseline’s new_creation (การทรงสร้างใหม่); ἀνακαίνωσις renews an existing thing rather than creating afresh. Never เกิดใหม่, for the same forbidden-substitution reason as regeneration. Titus 3:5.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: ชีวิตนิรันดร์
Transliteration: chiwit nirandon
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Christian Hope
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology

NEW. Must be presented as personal, unending, relational life with a personal God secured through bodily resurrection, not endless favorable rebirth. Brackets the letter (1:2; 3:7).

All People

Approved rendering: มนุษย์ทุกคน
Transliteration: manut thuk khon
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works

NEW, inherited in sense from the baseline’s universal_scope_of_gospel doctrine. Must not be softened into a graded or partial offer. Titus 2:11.

Rulers Authorities

Approved rendering: ผู้มีอำนาจปกครอง
Transliteration: phu mi amnat pokkhrong
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαῖς ἐξουσίαις
Category: Civil Authority

NEW. Thailand’s lèse-majesté-sensitive legal register around statements concerning ruling authority, already flagged by the baseline for Romans 13:1-7, applies with equal force here. Must be rendered as a general biblical civil-order ethic, never as commentary on any specific government or ruler. Titus 3:1.

Submit Be Subject To

Approved rendering: การยอมอยู่ใต้อำนาจ (civil) / ยอมเชื่อฟัง (household)
Transliteration: kan yom yu tai amnat / yom cheuafang
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Civil Authority

NEW. Context-sensitive across three distinct relationships: citizens/rulers (3:1), wives/husbands (2:5), slaves/masters (2:9), paralleling the baseline’s treatment of ‘called’ (κλητός). Only the civil-authority sense (3:1) carries the elevated lèse-majesté-linked review routing.

Medium Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: ความเชื่อ
Transliteration: khwam cheua
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ศรัทธา
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

[Inherited from Romans package.] Object of faith must always be specified as Christ/God. ศรัทธา (saddha) carries strong Buddhist devotional connotation; ความเชื่อ keeps the term closer to personal trust in a specific person. Occurs in Titus 1:1, 4, 13; 2:2, 10; 3:15.

Apostle

Approved rendering: อัครทูต
Transliteration: akkhrathut
Doctrine: Inspiration and Apostolic Authority of the Word
Rejected alternatives: อาจารย์ใหญ่
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

[Inherited from Romans package.] Established Thai Christian term for a directly commissioned, authoritative sent-one. Paul’s self-designation in Titus 1:1 grounds his instructions to Titus.

Heir

Approved rendering: ทายาท
Transliteration: thayat
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Christian Hope
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant

[Inherited from Galatians package.] Full legal inheritance-right status. Outcome of justification by grace at Titus 3:7.

Circumcision

Approved rendering: การเข้าสุหนัต
Transliteration: kan khao sunat
Doctrine: Rejection of False Teachers
Original: περιτομή
Category: Law

[Inherited from Galatians package.] No Thai cultural equivalent; requires a short explanatory translator note. Invoked at Titus 1:10 in naming Titus’s opponents ‘those of the circumcision party,’ continuing the Judaizing controversy from Galatians.

Ungodliness

Approved rendering: ความไม่ยำเกรงพระเจ้า
Transliteration: khwam mai yamkreng Phra Chao
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification

NEW. Direct negation of the godliness entry for internal consistency. What grace trains believers to renounce (Titus 2:12).

Worldly Passions

Approved rendering: ตัณหาของโลกนี้
Transliteration: tanha khong lok ni
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Ethics

NEW. ตัณหา is a core Buddhist technical term (craving, cause of suffering in the Second Noble Truth). Retained as shared vocabulary, parallel to the baseline’s treatment of บาป, but every occurrence must be paired with grace/Spirit as the stated remedy (2:12; 3:5), never self-extinguishing insight. Recurs negatively at 3:3.

Self Controlled

Approved rendering: รู้จักควบคุมตนเอง
Transliteration: ru chak khuap khum ton eng
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: สติ, สติสัมปชัญญะ
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως
Category: Ethics

NEW. Avoid สติ/สติสัมปชัญญะ (Buddhist mindfulness vocabulary attained through meditative discipline). Recurring virtue term across leadership and household codes (1:8; 2:2, 5, 6, 12).

Elder

Approved rendering: ผู้ปกครอง(คริสตจักร)
Transliteration: phu pokkhrong (khritsatchak)
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership

NEW. Must be kept distinct from the Galatians baseline’s ผู้ปกครองดูแล (‘guardian’/paidagōgos, the Mosaic Law’s temporary custodial role, Gal 3:24-25); the church elder (Titus 1:5) is a permanent office. Always append (คริสตจักร) and never abbreviate to bare ผู้ปกครอง.

Gods Steward

Approved rendering: ผู้ดูแลงานของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phu dulae ngan khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: ราชการ, ข้าราชการ
Original: θεοῦ οἰκονόμος
Category: Church Leadership

NEW. Avoid vocabulary suggesting royal/palace administration (ราชการ, ข้าราชการ). The elder/overseer’s derived, accountable authority as a manager of what belongs to God, not himself (Titus 1:7).

Refute Rebuke

Approved rendering: การว่ากล่าวตักเตือน / หักล้าง
Transliteration: kan wa klao takteun / lak lang
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Teaching

NEW. Must retain the sense of authoritative doctrinal correction backed by ἐπιταγή (‘authority’), not a merely gentle suggestion. Applied to elders (1:9, 13) and to Titus’s own teaching task (2:15).

Adorn The Doctrine

Approved rendering: ทำให้คำสอนนั้นงดงาม
Transliteration: tham hai kham son nan ngot ngam
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν (κοσμέω)
Category: Ethics

NEW. ‘Adorning’ describes commendation, not augmentation — good works make the true gospel look as good as it actually is; they do not add anything the gospel itself lacks (Titus 2:10).

Unfit For Good Work

Approved rendering: ไม่เหมาะแก่การกระทำที่ดีใดๆ
Transliteration: mai mo kae kan kratham thi di dai dai
Doctrine: Rejection of False Teachers

NEW. Negated form of the good_works entry; profession-without-practice contrast, Titus 1:16.

Deny By Works

Approved rendering: ปฏิเสธพระองค์ด้วยการกระทำ
Transliteration: patiseth Phra Ong duai kan kratham
Doctrine: Rejection of False Teachers

NEW. Titus 1:16’s climactic statement that false profession is exposed by works, forming an intentional contrast with the positive good-works statements at 2:14 and 3:8.

Kindness Goodness

Approved rendering: ความดีงาม
Transliteration: khwam di ngam
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: กรุณา
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God

NEW. Deliberately avoids กรุณา (a Brahmavihara/Buddhist compassion term) to reduce collision with meditative-virtue vocabulary. God’s own initiating disposition, paired with philanthrōpia at Titus 3:4.

Loving Kindness

Approved rendering: ความรักที่มีต่อมนุษย์
Transliteration: khwam rak thi mi to manut
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: กรุณา
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: God

NEW. Must retain θεοῦ (‘of God’) as explicit possessor/source to prevent flattening into generic secular ‘philanthropy.’ Titus 3:4.

Washing

Approved rendering: การชำระ
Transliteration: kan chamra
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: รดน้ำมนต์
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Salvation

NEW. Reuses the ชำระ root already established in the baseline’s sanctification term (การทรงชำระให้บริสุทธิ์); must not be confused with Thai ritual water-blessing (รดน้ำมนต์) performed by Buddhist monks. Titus 3:5.

Poured Out

Approved rendering: ทรงเทลงมา
Transliteration: song thay long ma
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἐξέχεεν (ἐκχέω)
Category: God

NEW. Must preserve the ‘richly/abundantly’ (πλουσίως) sense against a minimizing translation; echoes Pentecost/Joel 2 language. Titus 3:6.

Hope

Approved rendering: ความหวัง
Transliteration: khwam wang
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ความปรารถนา
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith

NEW. Must convey confident expectation grounded in God’s own promise (พระสัญญา), not a wistful wish, and not a stance to be released as a Buddhist non-attachment/tanha echo. Titus 1:2; 2:13; 3:7.

Lawlessness

Approved rendering: ความอธรรม
Transliteration: khwam atham
Doctrine: Church as God’s Treasured Possession

NEW. Distinguish from the baseline’s ธรรมบัญญัติ (the Mosaic Law itself); ἀνομία is the condition of lawless rebellion, not a specific legal code. What believers are redeemed FROM at Titus 2:14.

Obedient

Approved rendering: เชื่อฟัง
Transliteration: cheuafang
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Civil Authority

NEW. Reinforces ὑποτάσσω in the same clause; inherits the civil-authority sensitivity noted for submit_be_subject_to. Titus 3:1.

Master Human

Approved rendering: เจ้านาย
Transliteration: chao nai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Household Ethics

NEW. เจ้านาย, though rejected by the baseline as a rendering for κύριος applied to Christ’s Lordship, is doctrinally appropriate here because δεσπότης names a human master (Titus 2:9), not Christ. Never interchange the two words or contexts.

Slave Bondservant

Approved rendering: ทาส (literal) / ผู้รับใช้ (honorific)
Transliteration: that / phu rap chai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Household Ethics

NEW. Context-sensitive across three senses within the letter: honorific self-designation (ผู้รับใช้ของพระเจ้า, 1:1), literal household slavery (ทาส, 2:9), and sinful bondage (descriptive ‘enslaved to,’ 3:3). Track per occurrence.

Foolish Controversies

Approved rendering: การถกเถียงที่ไร้สาระ
Transliteration: kan thok thiang thi rai sara
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Church

NEW. Central term naming the category of dispute to be shunned. Titus 3:9.

Quarrels About The Law

Approved rendering: การขัดแย้งเรื่องธรรมบัญญัติ
Transliteration: kan khatyaeng rueang thammabanyat
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Law

NEW. Directly continues the Galatians law/grace tension into a pastoral instruction to avoid such disputes altogether rather than resolve them by debate. Titus 3:9.

Divisive Person

Approved rendering: คนที่ก่อความแตกแยก
Transliteration: khon thi ko khwam taek yaek
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church

NEW. Must not be over-narrowed to the later technical Christian sense of ‘heretic’; emphasis in context is relational/factional division. Titus 3:10.

Servant Of God

Approved rendering: ผู้รับใช้ของพระเจ้า
Transliteration: phu rap chai khong Phra Chao
Doctrine: Inspiration and Apostolic Authority of the Word
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church

NEW. Paul’s honorific self-designation of total devoted ownership, opening the letter (Titus 1:1); must be kept distinct from the literal household-slavery sense of the same Greek word at 2:9.

Who Never Lies

Approved rendering: พระเจ้าผู้ไม่ทรงมุสา
Transliteration: Phra Chao phu mai song musa
Doctrine: Inspiration and Apostolic Authority of the Word
Original: ὁ ἀψευδὴς θεός
Category: God

NEW. Grounds assurance of eternal life in God’s very nature, not human merit or performance. Titus 1:2.

Manifested Made Known

Approved rendering: ทรงสำแดง
Transliteration: song samdaeng
Doctrine: Inspiration and Apostolic Authority of the Word
Original: ἐφανέρωσεν (φανερόω)
Category: God

NEW. Reuses the Galatians baseline’s revelation-family rendering; must be kept visibly distinct from ἐπιφαίνω/ἐπιφάνεια (การทรงปรากฏ), a related but different Greek verb family. Titus 1:3.

Reverent In Behavior

Approved rendering: มีความประพฤติที่น่าเคารพ
Transliteration: mi khwam praphruet thi na kharop
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Family Order
Original: ἱεροπρεπής
Category: Household Ethics

NEW. A literal ‘priestly-fitting’ rendering (ἱεροπρεπής) risks suggesting Buddhist monastic/priestly dignity (associated with บวช) rather than ordinary lay Christian conduct. Titus 2:3.

Insubordinate

Approved rendering: ไม่ยอมอยู่ใต้บังคับ
Transliteration: mai yom yu tai bangkhap
Doctrine: Rejection of False Teachers
Original: ἀνυπότακτος
Category: Church

NEW. Direct negation of the submission root; false teachers who reject submission to sound teaching, Titus 1:10.

Treasured Possession

Approved rendering: ชนชาติที่เป็นกรรมสิทธิ์ของพระองค์
Transliteration: chonchat thi pen kammasit khong Phra Ong
Doctrine: Church as God’s Treasured Possession
Original: λαὸν περιούσιον
Category: Church

NEW. กรรมสิทธิ์ is a standard, purely legal Thai term for ‘ownership right,’ etymologically and semantically unrelated to กรรม (karma) despite sharing the first syllable/morpheme; flag this visual/phonetic proximity so reviewers do not mistakenly import a karma association. Titus 2:14.

Low Risk Terms

Blameless

Approved rendering: ไม่มีข้อตำหนิ
Transliteration: mai mi kho tamni
Doctrine: Conscience and Integrity of Profession
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership

NEW. Controlling elder qualification, repeated at Titus 1:6, 7. No forbidden-term collision identified.

Example Pattern

Approved rendering: ตัวอย่าง / แบบอย่าง
Transliteration: tua yang / baep yang
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: τύπος
Category: Ethics

NEW. Standard vocabulary; Titus is charged to be a τύπος of good works (2:7).

Unfruitful

Approved rendering: ไม่เกิดผล
Transliteration: mai koet phon
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Ethics

NEW. Echoes fruit-of-the-Spirit-adjacent imagery without the identical Greek term used in Galatians. Titus 3:14.

Waiting For

Approved rendering: การรอคอยด้วยความหวัง
Transliteration: kan ro khoi duai khwam wang
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and Return of Christ

NEW. Forward-looking, confident anticipation, not passive resignation. Titus 2:13.

Blessed Hope

Approved rendering: ความหวังอันประเสริฐ
Transliteration: khwam wang an prasoet
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and Return of Christ

NEW compound. The content of Christian eschatological expectation, Christ’s return, Titus 2:13.

Speak Evil Of

Approved rendering: การกล่าวร้าย
Transliteration: kan klao rai
Doctrine: Gentleness and Respectful Speech Toward All
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Ethics

NEW. Standard vocabulary; interpersonal slander (Titus 3:2), and God’s word being discredited by poor household conduct (2:5).

Gentleness Courtesy

Approved rendering: มีใจอ่อนโยน / ความสุภาพอ่อนโยน
Transliteration: mi jai on yon / khwam suphap on yon
Doctrine: Gentleness and Respectful Speech Toward All
Original: ἐπιεικής / πραΰτης
Category: Ethics

NEW. Same semantic field as the Galatians fruit of the Spirit’s πρᾳότης — a Spirit-produced trait, not natural temperament. Titus 3:2.

Genealogies

Approved rendering: ลำดับวงศ์ตระกูล
Transliteration: lamdap wong trakun
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Church

NEW. Requires a translator note distinguishing this condemned idle speculation (Titus 3:9) from the affirmed covenant-lineage doctrines (seed_of_abraham, seed_of_david) elsewhere in the corpus, which share the same ‘lineage/seed’ semantic field.

Warning

Approved rendering: การเตือน
Transliteration: kan teuan
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Church

NEW. First step of the prescribed process toward a divisive person, Titus 3:10.

Have Nothing To Do With

Approved rendering: ไม่ยุ่งเกี่ยวด้วยอีก
Transliteration: mai yung kiao duai ik
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: παραιτέομαι
Category: Church

NEW. Relational separation as a last resort, not violent confrontation. Titus 3:10.

Self Condemned

Approved rendering: ตัดสินโทษตัวเอง
Transliteration: tatsin thot tua eng
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αὐτοκατάκριτος
Category: Church

NEW. Judgment is self-incurred through persistent behavior, not externally imposed by arbitrary church authority. Titus 3:11.

Jewish Myths

Approved rendering: เรื่องเล่าที่ไม่จริงของยิว
Transliteration: rueang lao thi mai jing khong yio
Doctrine: Rejection of False Teachers
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι
Category: Teaching

NEW. Anticipates 3:9’s ‘genealogies’ as a related category of divisive, unprofitable teaching. Titus 1:14.

Empty Talkers And Deceivers

Approved rendering: คนพูดเปล่าประโยชน์และคนหลอกลวง
Transliteration: khon phut plao prayot lae khon lok luang
Doctrine: Rejection of False Teachers
Original: ματαιολόγοι καὶ φρεναπάται
Category: Teaching

NEW. Characterizes the false teachers opposed throughout the letter, Titus 1:10.

Conscience

Approved rendering: มโนธรรม
Transliteration: mano tham
Doctrine: Conscience and Integrity of Profession
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Anthropology

NEW but low-risk. A well-established, generically accepted Thai term across religious and secular contexts, structurally parallel to the baseline’s treatment of บาป as shared vocabulary needing anchoring rather than substitution. Titus 1:15.

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