Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Galatians (English/Greek → Konkani)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the whole book of Galatians, with its Konkani rendering and risk tier. It is organized in two parts:
- Part A — terms already established in the Romans baseline
translation_memory.json, reused here exactly as recorded, with their Galatians-specific citation and any additional Galatians-specific risk note. - Part B — terms newly introduced by Galatians, organized by the curriculum’s named doctrines, ready for promotion into
translation_memory.jsonandbible_term_registry.jsonin a subsequent pipeline step.
Risk tiers: Critical (human theologian, every occurrence) / High (human theologian) / Medium (native speaker) / Low (automated).
Part A — Reused Baseline Terms (Romans Translation Memory) Appearing in Galatians
| Term | Konkani (exact reuse) | Risk | Galatians citations | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुवार्ता | High | 1:6-11, 2:2, 2:5, 2:7, 2:14, 3:8, 4:13 | Base for the new compound “different gospel” (Part B) |
| grace | कृपा | High | 1:3, 1:6, 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 5:4, 6:18 | Anchor verse 2:21 and 5:4 flagged for theologian escalation, matching Romans’ 4:4-5/11:5-6 rule |
| faith | विश्वास | High | throughout, esp. 2:16, 2:20, 3:2-26, 5:5-6, 5:22, 6:10 | Object of faith is always Christ; base for new “faith working through love” and “household of faith” |
| righteousness | नीतिमत्ता | Critical | 2:21, 3:6, 5:5 | Never धर्म; base for “imputed righteousness” reuse |
| justification | नीतिमान ठरवणें | Critical | 2:16 (×3), 2:17, 3:8, 3:11, 3:24, 5:4 | Core passage’s central repeated term |
| salvation | तारण | Critical | (implied throughout the letter’s soteriology; no direct σωτηρία occurrence, but doctrine underlies 1:4, 2:16, 3:22) | Never मुक्ती/मोक्ष |
| apostle | प्रेषित | Medium | 1:1, 1:17, 1:19 | Contextual emphasis: divine, not human, commissioning |
| called / calling | बोलावलेले / बोलावणें | High | 1:6, 1:15, 5:8, 5:13 | Distinguish sovereign call from human seeking |
| holy | पवित्र | High | (implied in sanctification contexts) | — |
| saints | पवित्र जन | High | (implied; not a frequent explicit noun in Galatians) | — |
| sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | (thematic, esp. ch. 5-6 holy living) | — |
| adoption | दत्तक पुत्र करून घेणें | High | 4:5 | Full phrase required; ties to Hagar/Sarah slave/free contrast |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 1:1 (“God, who raised him from the dead”) | Never पुनर्जन्म |
| lord | प्रभू | Critical | 1:3, 1:19, 6:14, 6:18 | Exclusive supreme Lordship |
| son_of_god | देवाचो पुत्र | Critical | 2:20, 4:4 | Full phrase required |
| incarnation | देहधारण | Critical | 4:4 (“born of a woman”) | Never अवतार |
| peace | शांती | Medium | 1:3, 5:22, 6:16 | 5:22 occurrence is within fruit of the Spirit list |
| spiritual_gifts | आत्मिक वरदान | Medium | (not directly named in Galatians; charismata terminology absent) | Retained for cross-curriculum consistency only |
| thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | (not prominent in Galatians; Paul omits the usual thanksgiving section) | Notable stylistic absence — see translator note in 07 |
| fellowship | सहभागिता | Low | 2:9 (“right hand of fellowship”) | — |
| church | मंडळी | Medium | 1:2, 1:13, 1:22 | Never देऊळ/मंदिर |
| kingdom_of_god | देवाचें राज्य | Medium | 5:21 | Those practicing works of the flesh “will not inherit the kingdom of God” |
| law | नियमशास्त्र | High | throughout chs. 2-6, central term | Base for “works of the law,” “curse of the law,” “law of Christ” |
| sin | पाप | High | 1:4, 2:17, 3:22 | Universal human accountability doctrine |
| gentiles | परराष्ट्रीय | Medium | 2:12, 2:14, 3:8 | Base for unity-of-Jews-and-Gentiles doctrine |
| glory | गौरव | High | 1:5, 1:24 | Doxology form |
| obedience_of_faith | विश्वासाची आज्ञाधारकता | High | (thematic parallel; no direct Galatians phrase, concept implicit in 5:7 “who hindered you from obeying the truth”) | — |
| power_of_god | देवाचें सामर्थ्य | High | (implicit; not a named phrase in Galatians) | — |
| messiah / christ | मसीहा / ख्रिस्त | Critical | throughout | ”Christ” is transliterated ख्रिस्त per baseline AI-requirements transliteration standard, distinct from मसीहा (used for explicit messianic-title contexts) |
| covenant | करार | High | 3:15, 3:17, 4:24 | Base for Abrahamic Covenant doctrine |
| election | देवाची निवड | High | (thematic, esp. election of Isaac over Ishmael typology, 4:28-30) | — |
| david | दावीद | Low | (not directly named in Galatians) | Retained for cross-curriculum consistency |
| israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 6:16 (“the Israel of God”) | — |
| jesus | येशू | Critical | throughout | Never जेजू |
| god | देव | Critical | throughout | Always pair with exclusivity marker in load-bearing contexts |
| holy_spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 3:2-5, 3:14, 4:6, 4:29, 5:5, 5:16-25, 6:1, 6:8 | Central to Flesh vs Spirit doctrine; never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा |
| father | पिता | Critical | 1:1, 1:3, 1:4, 4:6 | — |
| abba | अब्बा | High | 4:6 | Retain transliteration alongside पिता |
| exhort | उत्तेजन देणें | Low | (thematic, 6:1-2 restoration) | — |
| seed_of_david | दावीदाच्या वंशांतलो | High | (structural parallel only; base pattern for new seed/offspring term, Part B) | — |
| imputed_righteousness | आरोपित नीतिमत्ता | Critical | 3:6 | Direct Genesis 15:6 quotation, same as Romans 4:3 |
Part B — New Terms Introduced in Galatians (by Doctrine)
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
| Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Rejected alternatives / notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a different/other gospel | ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον | heteron euangelion | दुसरी सुवार्ता | Critical | 1:6-9 | Must convey a false, no-gospel message, not a valid alternative; note ἕτερος (qualitative “other”) vs ἄλλος |
| accursed / anathema | ἀνάθεμα | anathema | शापित (अनाथेमा transliterated) | High | 1:8-9 | Retain full weight of divine curse; do not soften |
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant/slave of Christ | δοῦλος Χριστοῦ | doulos Christou | ख्रिस्ताचो दास | Medium | 1:10 | Distinct from सेवक (diakonos, 2:17); total ownership by Christ |
| revelation | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | प्रगटीकरण | Medium | 1:12, 1:16 | Direct divine disclosure, not human transmission or insight |
| set apart (from the womb) | ἀφορίζω | aphorizō | आईच्या पोटांतल्यान वेगळो केल्लो | Medium | 1:15 | Sovereign pre-birth divine initiative |
| traditions of the fathers | παραδόσεις πατρικαί | paradoseis patrikai | पूर्वजांच्यो परंपरा | Low | 1:14 | — |
| Judaism | Ἰουδαϊσμός | Ioudaismos | यहुदी धर्म | Medium | 1:13-14 | धर्म used here in generic “named religion” sense only — NOT a rendering of νόμος or δικαιοσύνη; must not be confused with the baseline’s forbidden धर्म-for-law/righteousness substitutions |
| zeal / zealous | ζῆλος / ζηλωτής | zēlos / zēlōtēs | आवेश / आवेशी | Medium | 1:14 | Distinct from भक्ती (rejected for faith in baseline) |
Doctrine: Law and Grace (and its temporal frame)
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| works of the law | ἔργα νόμου | erga nomou | नियमशास्त्राचीं कामां | Critical | 2:16 (×3), 3:2, 3:5, 3:10 | कामां (deeds) never कर्मां (karma-works) — new forbidden-substitution rule |
| the present evil age | ὁ αἰὼν ὁ ἐνεστὼς πονηρός | ho aiōn ho enestōs ponēros | सद्याचो दुष्ट काळ | High | 1:4 | Never युग (yuga) — collides with Hindu four-yuga cosmology; new forbidden-substitution rule |
| fallen from grace | ἐκπίπτω τῆς χάριτος | ekpiptō tēs charitos | कृपेपसून पडप | High | 5:4 | Requires theologian nuance on scope of meaning (see 07) |
| severed from Christ | κατηργήθητε ἀπὸ Χριστοῦ | katērgēthēte apo Christou | ख्रिस्तापसून वेगळे जाल्ले | High | 5:4 | Paired with “fallen from grace” |
| the law of Christ | ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ | ho nomos tou Christou | ख्रिस्ताचें नियमशास्त्र | Medium | 6:2 | Fulfilled/summarized law, not reintroduced legalism |
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crucified with Christ | Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι | Christō synestaurōmai | ख्रिस्ता वांगडा क्रुसार खिळ्ळों | Critical | 2:19-20 | Once-for-all union with Christ’s own death; never repeatable self-mortification |
| crucified the flesh (with its passions) | σαρκὸς … συνεσταύρωσαν | sarkos … synestaurōsan | देहाक तेच्या वासनांसयत क्रुसार खिळ्ळें | High | 5:24 | Settled position achieved in Christ, not ongoing ascetic practice |
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | Abraam | अब्राहाम | Low | 3:6-9, 3:14-18, 3:29, 4:22 | Established transliteration |
| sons of Abraham | υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ | huioi Abraam | अब्राहामाचे पुत्र | Medium | 3:7 | By faith, not physical descent |
| curse of the law | κατάρα τοῦ νόμου | katara tou nomou | नियमशास्त्राचो शाप | High | 3:10, 3:13 | Distinct from folk-curse (नजर/करणी) concepts |
| redeem | ἐξαγοράζω | exagorazō | मोल दिवन सोडोवणें | High | 3:13, 4:5 | Requires price-paying/substitutionary sense; distinct from baseline’s generic सुटका |
| hanged on a tree | κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου | kremamenos epi xylou | झाडार लामकेल्लो | High | 3:13 | Must connect clearly to crucifixion |
| blessing of Abraham | εὐλογία τοῦ Ἀβραάμ | eulogia tou Abraam | अब्राहामाचो आशीर्वाद | Medium | 3:14 | Spiritual, not merely material blessing |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία | epangelia | वचन | Medium | 3:14-29, 4:23-28 | Binding divine pledge; pair with covenant |
| seed/offspring (singular) | σπέρμα | sperma | वंश | High | 3:16, 3:19, 3:29 | Requires translator note on Paul’s singular-vs-collective argument (points to Christ) |
| mediator | μεσίτης | mesitēs | मध्यस्थ | Medium | 3:19-20 | Refers to Moses; distinct from prayer-intercession |
| children of promise | τέκνα ἐπαγγελίας | tekna epangelias | वचनाचीं भुरगीं | Medium | 4:28 | Parallel to Isaac; believers by faith |
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| guardian/tutor (paidagōgos) | παιδαγωγός | paidagōgos | पालक-रखवालदार | Medium | 3:24-25 | Temporary custodian, not गुरू (teacher/guru) |
| held captive/imprisoned | συγκλείω | synkleiō | बंदखणींत दवरिल्लें | Medium | 3:22-23 | Temporary confining function, not permanent bondage |
| guardians and managers | ἐπίτροπος / οἰκονόμος | epitropos / oikonomos | पालक आनी कारभारी | Low | 4:1-2 | Minor-heir legal-status illustration |
| elemental spirits/principles of the world | στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου | stoicheia tou kosmou | जगाचीं मूळतत्वां | High | 4:3, 4:9 | Collision risk with Hindu tattva philosophy and Panchabhuta worship; mandatory translator note |
| fullness of time | πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου | plērōma tou chronou | काळाची पुराय वेळ | Medium | 4:4 | Historical, precisely-timed fulfillment |
| days, months, seasons, years | ἡμέρας, μῆνας, καιρούς, ἐνιαυτούς | — | दिस, म्हयने, ऋतू, वर्सां | Low | 4:10 | Ritual calendar-observance critique |
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| born of a woman, born under the law | γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον | genomenon ek gynaikos / hypo nomon | बायलेपसून जल्मलो, नियमशास्त्राखाला जल्मलो | High | 4:4 | Full humanity + full law-submission of Christ |
| not gods by nature | τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσι θεοῖς | tois physei mē ousi theois | स्वभावान देव नाशिल्ल्यांची गुलामी | High | 4:8 | Pastorally sensitive; frame historically, invitationally, never confrontationally |
| heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | वारस | Medium | 3:29, 4:1, 4:7, 4:30 | Full inheritance rights, parallel to baseline adoption note |
| Jerusalem above | Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἄνω | Hierousalēm anō | वयलें जெरुसलेம | Medium | 4:26 | Present spiritual reality, not future-only location |
| speak allegorically | ἀλληγορέω | allēgoreō | रूपकाथेन सांगप | Medium | 4:24 | One fixed apostolic meaning; distinct from open Puranic myth-reading |
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| freedom/liberty | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | स्वातंत्र्य | High | 2:4, 5:1, 5:13 | Never मुक्ती/मोक्ष; not licence for lawlessness (5:13) |
| yoke of slavery | ζυγὸς δουλείας | zygos douleias | गुलामीचें जूं | Medium | 5:1 | Renewed bondage to law-observance |
| false brothers | ψευδάδελφοι | pseudadelphoi | खोटे भाव | Medium | 2:4 | Infiltrators within the believing community |
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| circumcision | περιτομή | peritomē | सुंता | Medium | 2:3, 2:7-12, 3:3-5, 5:2-11, 6:12-13 | Familiar cultural term; theological irrelevance to justification must be explicit |
| baptize | βαπτίζω | baptizō | बाप्तिस्मा | High | 3:27 | Distinct from Hindu ritual purificatory bathing; mandatory translator note |
| clothed with Christ | ἐνδύω | endyō | ख्रिस्त लेवप | Medium | 3:27 | Decisive change of identity, not superficial covering |
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | नवी सृष्टी | High | 6:15 | One-time, non-cyclical transformation; distinct from Brahma-cyclical creation cosmology |
| pillars | στῦλοι | styloi | खांबे | Low | 2:9 | James, Peter, John |
| hypocrisy | ὑπόκρισις | hypokrisis | ढोंग | Medium | 2:13 | Inconsistency between profession and practice |
| walk uprightly | ὀρθοποδέω | orthopodeō | सुवार्तेच्या सत्याप्रमाण नीट चालप | Low | 2:14 | — |
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| flesh | σάρξ | sarx | देह | High | 2:16, 2:20, 3:3, 4:23, 4:29, 5:13-24, 6:8, 6:12-13 | Dual sense (literal body vs sin-prone disposition); mandatory translator note distinguishing the two |
| walk by the Spirit | πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε | pneumati peripateite | आत्म्यान चालप | Medium | 5:16, 5:25 | Ongoing dependence, not ritual or self-effort |
| desires of the flesh | ἐπιθυμία σαρκός | epithymia sarkos | देहाची वासना | High | 5:16-17, 5:24 | Distinct from Yogic/Samkhya technical वासना (karmic imprint) |
| works of the flesh | ἔργα τῆς σαρκός | erga tēs sarkos | देहाचीं कामां | High | 5:19-21 | कामां not कर्मां; includes idolatry (मूर्तिपूजा, High — pastorally sensitive) and sorcery (जादूटोणा, Medium) |
| gave himself for me / love that gave | παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ | paradontos heauton hyper emou | म्हजेखातीर आपणाक दिलें | High | 2:20 | Retain explicit substitutionary “for me” |
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fruit of the Spirit | καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος | karpos tou pneumatos | आत्म्याचें फळ | High | 5:22-23 | फळ risks collision with कर्मफळ (karma-fruit); mandatory translator note: Spirit-produced, not earned |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια | enkrateia | संयम | Medium | 5:23 | Spirit-produced, not self-achieved ascetic discipline (yogic संयम) |
| (other 8 listed qualities: joy, peace*, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness) | χαρά, εἰρήνη*, μακροθυμία, χρηστότης, ἀγαθωσύνη, πίστις*, πραΰτης | — | आनंद, शांती*, सहनशीलताय, उपकारीपण, चांगुलपण, विश्वासूपण*, सौम्यताय | Low (except peace/faithfulness roots, Medium/High per baseline) | 5:22-23 | *peace and faithfulness reuse baseline peace/faith roots and inherit their tiers |
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love (agapē) | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | agapē / agapaō | मोग | High | 2:20, 5:6, 5:13-14, 5:22 | Distinct from भक्ती (devotional worship-love) and काम/वासना (desire); Christ’s self-giving covenantal love |
| faith working through love | πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη | pistis di’ agapēs energoumenē | मोगावरवीं कार्यरत विश्वास | High | 5:6 | Love as the mode of faith’s activity, not a supplementary requirement |
| neighbor | πλησίον | plēsion | शेजारी | Low | 5:14 | — |
| boast (negative/positive contrast) | καυχάομαι | kauchaomai | फुशारकी मारप | Medium | 6:13-14 | Preserve the ironic reversal between the two uses |
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
| Term | Original | Transliteration | Konkani | Risk | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bear one another’s burdens | βαστάζετε τὰ βάρη ἀλλήλων | bastazete ta barē allēlōn | एकामेकांचो भार वागोवप | Low | 6:2 | — |
| spirit of gentleness | πνεῦμα πραΰτητος | pneuma prautētos | सौम्यतायेचो आत्मो | Low | 6:1 | Manner of restoring one caught in sin |
| test/examine his own work | τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον δοκιμαζέτω | to idion ergon dokimazetō | आपलें काम तपासप | Low | 6:4 | — |
| sow and reap | σπείρω / θερίζω | speirō / therizō | पेरप आनी कापणी करप | Medium | 6:7-8 | Distinct from impersonal karma-phal across rebirths; connects to baseline providence |
| household of faith | οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως | oikeioi tēs pisteōs | विश्वासाचें कुटूंब | Low | 6:10 | — |
| marks of Jesus | στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ | stigmata tou Iēsou | येशूचीं खुणां | Medium | 6:17 | Scars from persecution, not Catholic devotional stigmata phenomenon |
| Israel of God | Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ | Israēl tou theou | देवाचें इस्राएल | Medium | 6:16 | True spiritual Israel — Jew and Gentile united by faith |
Risk Summary (Galatians new-term inventory)
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 2 (crucified with Christ; works of the law) | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 22 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 24 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 13 | Automated review |
Note on forbidden-substitution additions for this curriculum (to be merged into the AI translation requirements’ CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTIONS list):
- Works of the law / works of the flesh: NEVER कर्म/कर्मां (karma-works) — always कामां (deeds)
- Present evil age: NEVER युग (yuga) — always काळ (era/time)
- Freedom in Christ: NEVER मुक्ती or मोक्ष — always स्वातंत्र्य
- New creation: pair सृष्टी with a clarifying note against cyclical Brahma-creation cosmology
- Fruit of the Spirit: pair फळ with a clarifying note against कर्मफळ (karma-fruit)
- Elemental spirits of the world: pair मूळतत्वां with a clarifying note against Hindu tattva/Panchabhuta cosmology
- Baptize: pair बाप्तिस्मा with a clarifying note against ritual purificatory bathing
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: nītimattā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never धर्म. Galatians 2:21, 3:6, 5:5.
Justification
Approved rendering: नीतिमान ठरवणें
Transliteration: nītimān ṭharavaṇẽ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा मेळप, पुण्य कमावप
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:16 (×3, the single most concentrated justification statement in the NT), 2:17, 3:8, 3:11, 3:24, 5:4. Apply the compound identically all three times in 2:16 — never abbreviate or vary.
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष, सुटका
Original: σωτηρία (doctrine underlying 1:4, 2:16, 3:22)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never मुक्ती/मोक्ष. Underlies Galatians 1:4, 2:16, 3:22 though the noun σωτηρία itself is not used.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never पुनर्जन्म. Galatians 1:1 grounds Paul’s entire apostolic authority in God’s historical, bodily raising of Christ.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:3, 1:19, 6:14, 6:18.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचो पुत्र
Transliteration: devāco putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवाचो अंश, देवपुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:20, 4:4. Full phrase required; never abbreviate to ‘he’ or ‘Christ’ alone.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रगट
Original: γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός (cf. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never अवतार. Galatians 4:4, ‘born of a woman, born under the law.‘
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीहा
Transliteration: masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for explicit messianic-title contexts in Galatians; see new term ‘christ’ (Section 2) for the running proper-name usage (ख्रिस्त) used throughout this letter.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: जेजू
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never जेजू.
God
Approved rendering: देव
Transliteration: dev
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Always pair with an exclusivity marker (e.g. ‘एकच खरो देव’) in doctrinally load-bearing contexts; especially urgent at Galatians 4:8’s explicit contrast with ‘those who by nature are not gods.‘
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा. Central to the Flesh-versus-Spirit doctrine across Galatians 3-6.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, निर्माणकार
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:1, 1:3, 1:4, 4:6.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: āropit nītimattā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: कमावलेली नीतिमत्ता
Original: ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 3:6 quotes Genesis 15:6 directly, the same proof-text as Romans 4:3, now applied to Abraham himself.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: khrist
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वर, देवता
New entry for this curriculum: the transliterated running proper-name form, distinct from मसीहा (reserved for explicit messianic-title contexts). Used constantly throughout Galatians (1:1, 1:3, 2:16-21, etc.) as Jesus’ proper name. Never assimilated to a Vishnu avatar-figure.
Different Gospel
Approved rendering: दुसरी सुवार्ता
Transliteration: dusrī suvārtā
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: खोटी सुवार्ता
Original: ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel
Galatians 1:6-9. Must read as a false message wrongly called gospel, not a valid alternative gospel for another audience. Requires a translator note distinguishing ἕτερος (qualitatively other) from ἄλλος (Paul’s own denial there is even a second true gospel, v.7). Built on the High-risk baseline term सुवार्ता.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्राचीं कामां
Transliteration: niyamaśāstrācī kāmāṃ
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: नियमशास्त्राचीं कर्मां
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Salvation
Galatians 2:16 (×3), 3:2, 3:5, 3:10. CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never कर्म/कर्मां (karma-works) — करण्याचें कर्म in Konkani/Marathi religious speech is saturated with the Hindu doctrine of accumulated karmic merit/debit across rebirths, exactly the works-merit logic Paul refutes. कामां (‘deeds,’ morally neutral) avoids this collision.
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्ता वांगडा क्रुसार खिळ्ळों
Transliteration: khristā vāṅgaḍā krusār khiḷḷoñ
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वतःक मारप, आत्मत्याग
Original: Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι
Category: Christology
Galatians 2:19-20, echoed 5:24, 6:14. Once-for-all union with Christ’s own historical crucifixion; never repeatable self-mortification. Requires a standing translator note at every occurrence, guarding against conflation with regional Hindu tapasya or Goan Catholic Lenten penitential imagery.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुवार्ता
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बरी खबर, शुभवर्तमान
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:6-11, 2:2, 2:5, 2:7, 2:14, 3:8, 4:13. Base for the new compound ‘different gospel’ (see Section 2).
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, नशीब
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:21 and 5:4 are this curriculum’s anchor verses for the grace-versus-works contrast, carrying the same escalation weight as Romans 4:4-5/11:5-6.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvās
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ती
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Central throughout Galatians, esp. 2:16, 2:20, 3:2-26, 5:5-6, 5:22, 6:10.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:6, 1:15, 5:8, 5:13.
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावणें
Transliteration: bolāvaṇẽ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रण
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मळ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit standard behind the holy-living exhortations of Galatians 5-6.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, भक्त
Inherited from Romans package. Not prominent as an explicit noun in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός (thematic, 5:16-25, 6:1)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Thematic across Galatians 5:16-25, 6:1.
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक पुत्र करून घेणें
Transliteration: dattak putra karun ghenẽ
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: दत्तक घेणें
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 4:5; especially pointed given the Hagar/Sarah, Ishmael/Isaac slave-son/free-son contrast at 4:21-31. Never abbreviate.
Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, कायदो
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Never धर्म. Central term across Galatians 2-6; base for ‘works of the law,’ ‘curse of the law,’ and ‘the law of Christ.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:4, 2:17, 3:22 (‘Scripture imprisoned everything under sin’).
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, देवीतेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:5, 1:24 doxology forms.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासाची आज्ञाधारकता
Transliteration: viśvāsācī āj̈ñādhārakatā
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्यपालन
Original: ὑπακοὴ πίστεως (thematic, cf. 5:7 ‘hindered from obeying the truth’)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Thematic parallel at Galatians 5:7, ‘who hindered you from obeying the truth.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Inherited from Romans package. Never शक्ती. Not a named phrase in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: समजूत
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 3:15, 3:17, 4:24. Base term for the Abrahamic Covenant and Promise doctrine.
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Election
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
Original: ἐκλογή (thematic, 4:28-30)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Thematic in Galatians via the Isaac/Ishmael typology, 4:28-31.
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Ἀββά ὁ πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 4:6 is this cry’s only NT occurrence outside Romans 8:15 — a direct cross-curriculum consistency test case; retain transliteration alongside पिता.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दावीदाच्या वंशांतलो
Transliteration: dāvīdācyā vanśāntlo
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Structural parallel only; base pattern for the new Galatians term ‘seed_offspring’ (3:16).
Providence
Approved rendering: देवाची तरतूद
Transliteration: devācī tartūd
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
Original: cf. 6:7-9 (‘whatever one sows, that will he also reap’)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the sowing-and-reaping principle at Galatians 6:7-9; never नशीब/प्रारब्ध.
Anathema
Approved rendering: शापित (अनाथेमा)
Transliteration: śāpit (anāthemā)
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Gospel
Galatians 1:8-9. Transliteration retained alongside native gloss, following the अब्बा precedent. Must retain the full weight of divine curse language; never soften to ‘mistaken’ or ‘wrong.‘
Freedom
Approved rendering: स्वातंत्र्य
Transliteration: svātantrya
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Freedom and Slavery
Galatians 2:4, 5:1, 5:13. CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never मुक्ती or मोक्ष, which carry the Hindu meaning of liberation from the rebirth cycle/samsara. Must be taught, at first occurrence, as freedom from the law’s condemning power and sin’s mastery, not licence for lawlessness (5:13).
Present Evil Age
Approved rendering: सद्याचो दुष्ट काळ
Transliteration: sadyāco duṣṭa kāḷ
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: सद्याचें दुष्ट युग
Galatians 1:4. CRITICAL FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: never युग (yuga) — collides directly with the Hindu four-yuga cosmological cycle (Satya/Treta/Dvapara/Kali), recasting Paul’s linear deliverance as a marker within cyclical cosmic time. काळ (cosmologically unmarked era/time) is required.
Fallen From Grace
Approved rendering: कृपेपसून पडप
Transliteration: kṛpepasūn paḍap
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: ἐκπίπτω τῆς χάριτος
Category: Salvation
Galatians 5:4. Requires theologian-level care: describes abandoning grace as the ground of righteousness for law-keeping in this immediate rhetorical context, not necessarily the loss of a regenerate person’s final salvation — flag for reviewer discussion rather than resolving unilaterally.
Severed From Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्तापसून वेगळे जाल्ले
Transliteration: khristāpasūn vegḷe jālle
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: κατηργήθητε ἀπὸ Χριστοῦ
Category: Salvation
Galatians 5:4. Paired with ‘fallen from grace’ in the same verse; same reviewer caution on scope applies.
Crucified The Flesh
Approved rendering: देहाक तेच्या वासनांसयत क्रुसार खिळ्ळें
Transliteration: dehāk techyā vāsanāṃsayat krusār khiḷḷẽ
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: σαρκὸς … συνεσταύρωσαν
Category: Flesh and Spirit
Galatians 5:24. Directly links the Crucified-with-Christ and Flesh-versus-Spirit doctrines; a settled position achieved through union with Christ’s cross, not an ongoing ascetic self-mortification practice.
Curse Of The Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्राचो शाप
Transliteration: niyamaśāstrāco śāp
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: नजर, करणी
Original: κατάρα τοῦ νόμου
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:10, 3:13. Must be a legal/covenantal condemnation, not an impersonal fate or evil-eye/astrological curse concept (नजर/करणी) present in regional folk religion.
Redeem
Approved rendering: मोल दिवन सोडोवणें
Transliteration: mol divun soḍovaṇẽ
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: सुटका
Original: ἐξαγοράζω
Category: Salvation
Galatians 3:13, 4:5. Distinct from the baseline’s generic non-doctrinal सुटका (‘rescue’); requires the price-paying/substitutionary sense (Christ ‘became a curse for us’).
Hanged On A Tree
Approved rendering: झाडार लामकेल्लो
Transliteration: jhāḍār lāmakello
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Original: κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:13, quoting Deuteronomy 21:23. Must connect clearly to the crucifixion (क्रुस) despite the OT idiom of ‘tree/wood.‘
Seed Offspring
Approved rendering: वंश
Transliteration: vanś
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: संतती
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:16, 3:19, 3:29. वंश reads naturally collective in ordinary Konkani; Paul’s argument turns on the Greek noun being grammatically singular, pointing to Christ alone. Mandatory translator note required at 3:16 (e.g. ‘एकच वंशज, म्हणजे ख्रिस्त’).
Elemental Principles Of The World
Approved rendering: जगाचीं मूळतत्वां
Transliteration: jagācī mūḷatatvā
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:3, 4:9. Mandatory translator note: risks direct collision with the Hindu philosophical तत्त्व/तत्व concept (Samkhya/Vedantic fundamental principles) and Panchabhuta elemental nature-worship. Names an immature, superseded stage of religious history, not an endorsement of ongoing elemental ‘tattva’ powers.
Not Gods By Nature
Approved rendering: स्वभावान देव नाशिल्ल्यांची गुलामी
Transliteration: svabhāvān dev nāsillyāñcī gulāmī
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσι θεοῖς
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:8. Requires unusually careful, pastorally sensitive handling: retain full doctrinal accuracy while framing the statement as addressed to the Galatians’ own remembered pagan past, not a present confrontational verdict on any reader’s family or neighbors.
Baptize
Approved rendering: बाप्तिस्मा
Transliteration: bāptismā
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Covenant Sign
Galatians 3:27, ‘baptized into Christ.’ Transliterated loanword, standard across South Asian Christian usage. Requires a translator note distinguishing this one-time sign of union with Christ from Goa’s prominent Hindu ritual bathing/purification practices.
New Creation
Approved rendering: नवी सृष्टी
Transliteration: navī sṛṣṭī
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Covenant Sign
Galatians 6:15. Mandatory translator note: सृष्टी is associated regionally with Brahma’s creative act within a cyclical creation-preservation-destruction pattern (kalpas/yugas); ‘new creation’ must be taught as a decisive, one-time, non-repeating transformation.
Flesh
Approved rendering: देह
Transliteration: deha
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: σάρξ
Category: Flesh and Spirit
Galatians 2:16, 2:20, 3:3, 4:23, 4:29, 5:13-24, 6:8, 6:12-13. Dual sense (literal body vs. sin-prone disposition opposed to the Spirit); mandatory translator note required at first occurrence of each sense so readers do not read every mention as a slur on the physical body itself.
Desires Of The Flesh
Approved rendering: देहाची वासना
Transliteration: dehācī vāsanā
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: ἐπιθυμία σαρκός
Category: Flesh and Spirit
Galatians 5:16-17, 5:24. वासना has resonance in Hindu/Yogic psychology (karmic-imprint desire); translator note required restricting the sense here to a moral-relational category, not the technical Yogic/Samkhya category.
Works Of The Flesh
Approved rendering: देहाचीं कामां
Transliteration: dehācī kāmāṃ
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: देहाचीं कर्मां
Original: ἔργα τῆς σαρκός
Category: Flesh and Spirit
Galatians 5:19-21. कामां (deeds), never कर्मां (karma-works), for the same reason as ‘works of the law.’ Includes idolatry and sorcery as individually flagged sub-items below.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Flesh and Spirit
Galatians 5:20. Requires unusually careful, non-confrontational framing given the centrality of image/mūrti veneration in regional Hindu devotional practice; present as apostolic teaching within its historical context, taught with pastoral invitation rather than confrontation.
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्म्याचें फळ
Transliteration: ātmyāce phaḷ
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ
Original: καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Fruit of the Spirit
Galatians 5:22-23. फळ risks collision with कर्मफळ (karma-phal), already rejected in the baseline for grace. Mandatory translator note: this fruit is the Spirit’s own organic produce growing in the believer, not a reward earned by deeds.
Love
Approved rendering: मोग
Transliteration: mog
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Rejected alternatives: भक्ती, काम, वासना
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith Working through Love
Galatians 2:20, 5:6, 5:13-14, 5:22. Must be clearly distinguished from भक्ती (devotional worship-love directed at a chosen temple deity) and from काम/वासना (desire/lust). Christ’s self-giving, initiating love for a sinner, not devotional adoration offered upward, nor romantic affection.
Faith Working Through Love
Approved rendering: मोगावरवीं कार्यरत विश्वास
Transliteration: mogāvaravīṃ kāryarat viśvās
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Faith Working through Love
Galatians 5:6. Must avoid (1) reducing this to ‘faith plus love’ as two separate salvation requirements, and (2) reducing love to a private feeling with no active expression; love is the mode/channel of faith’s activity.
Faith In Christ
Approved rendering: येशू ख्रिस्तार विश्वास
Transliteration: yeśū khristār viśvās
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: πίστις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ / πίστεως Χριστοῦ
Category: Faith
Galatians 2:16, the pistis Christou construction. Adopts the objective-genitive reading (trust directed at Christ) for consistency with established Konkani/Marathi Bible tradition and Romans’ own pattern; the subjective-genitive nuance (Christ’s own faithfulness) should be preserved in study notes, not the running text.
Born Of A Woman Under The Law
Approved rendering: बायलेपसून जल्मलो, नियमशास्त्राखाला जल्मलो
Transliteration: bāylepasūn jalmalo, niyamaśāstrākhālā jalmalo
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενον ὑπὸ νόμον
Category: Christology
Galatians 4:4. Both halves of the parallel clause must be retained; affirms full, real humanity, not a temporary divine appearance as in Puranic avatar narrative.
Gave Himself For Me
Approved rendering: म्हजेखातीर आपणाक दिलें
Transliteration: mhajekhātīr āpṇāk dilẽ
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ
Category: Christology
Galatians 2:20. The substitutionary personal address (ὑπέρ ἐμοῦ, ‘for me’) must be retained explicitly; do not generalize to ‘for the world’ or ‘for everyone’ in this verse.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, गुरू
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:1, 1:17, 1:19. Emphasis here is on divine, not human, commissioning — the exact point 1:1 makes explicit.
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख, समाधान
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:3 (greeting), 5:22 (fruit of the Spirit), 6:16 (benediction).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक वरदान
Transliteration: ātmik varadān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धी
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum vocabulary consistency only.
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 1:2, 1:13, 1:22. Never देऊळ/मंदिर.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: देवाचें राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 5:21.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: परराष्ट्रीय
Transliteration: pararāṣṭrīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:12, 2:14, 3:8.
David
Approved rendering: दावीद
Transliteration: dāvīd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 6:16, ‘the Israel of God.‘
Servant Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्ताचो दास
Transliteration: khristāco dās
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुलाम
Original: δοῦλος Χριστοῦ
Category: Apostleship
Galatians 1:10. Distinct from सेवक (diakonos, 2:17); दास conveys total, willing ownership by Christ, avoiding गुलाम’s harsher historical-slavery connotation.
Revelation
Approved rendering: प्रगटीकरण
Transliteration: pragaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: समज, अंतर्ज्ञान
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apostleship
Galatians 1:12, 1:16. Must not be flattened into ordinary ‘insight’ or ‘realization,’ which would risk sounding like meditative/gnostic self-discovery.
Set Apart From The Womb
Approved rendering: आईच्या पोटांतल्यान वेगळो केल्लो
Transliteration: āīcyā poṭāntlyān vegḷo kello
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: ἀφορίζω
Category: Apostleship
Galatians 1:15. Must be read as divine sovereign initiative before birth, not self-chosen religious vocation.
Judaism
Approved rendering: यहुदी धर्म
Transliteration: yahudī dharma
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: Ἰουδαϊσμός
Category: Apostleship
Galatians 1:13-14. धर्म used here only in its generic modern ‘named religion’ sense (parallel to ख्रिस्ती धर्म, हिंदू धर्म), entirely distinct from the forbidden use of धर्म for νόμος (law, always नियमशास्त्र) or δικαιοσύνη (righteousness, always नीतिमत्ता). Do not confuse the two uses.
Zeal
Approved rendering: आवेश / आवेशी
Transliteration: āveś / āveśī
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: भक्ती
Original: ζῆλος / ζηλωτής
Category: Apostleship
Galatians 1:14. Must be kept distinct from भक्ती (devotional zeal toward a chosen deity, already rejected in the baseline for ‘faith’); here it names misdirected religious fervor, later repented of.
False Brothers
Approved rendering: खोटे भाव
Transliteration: khoṭe bhāv
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ψευδάδελφοι
Category: Church
Galatians 2:4. Must convey infiltration/deception within the professing believing community, not merely ‘bad people’ outside it.
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: गुलामीचें जूं
Transliteration: gulāmīcẽ jūṃ
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ζυγὸς δουλείας
Category: Freedom and Slavery
Galatians 5:1. Retain, where possible, the yoke/harness imagery, or at minimum the sense of an imposed, restrictive burden.
Law Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्ताचें नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: khristāce niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
Galatians 6:2. Must be understood as the law fulfilled/summarized in Christ’s love-command (cf. 5:14), not a reintroduction of legalistic law-keeping as a means of justification.
Sons Of Abraham
Approved rendering: अब्राहामाचे पुत्र
Transliteration: Abrāhāmāce putra
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Original: υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:7. Those who share Abraham’s faith, not merely his physical descendants.
Blessing Of Abraham
Approved rendering: अब्राहामाचो आशीर्वाद
Transliteration: Abrāhāmāco āśirvād
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Original: εὐλογία τοῦ Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:14. Must be spiritual/covenantal (justification, the Spirit, inclusion of the nations), not merely material prosperity.
Promise
Approved rendering: वचन
Transliteration: vachan
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:14-29, 4:23-28. Must remain a binding divine pledge, not a casual everyday promise; pair regularly with करार.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:19-20. Refers to Moses; must not be confused with intercessory prayer (मध्यस्थी).
Children Of Promise
Approved rendering: वचनाचीं भुरगीं
Transliteration: vachanācī bhurgīṃ
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Original: τέκνα ἐπαγγελίας
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:28. Parallel to Isaac; believers by faith, not natural descent.
Paidagogos
Approved rendering: पालक-रखवालदार
Transliteration: pālak-rakhavāldār
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: गुरू
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:24-25. Must not be rendered as गुरू (‘teacher/guru’), which carries strong ongoing guru-disciple instructional-authority associations; the point is temporary custodial restraint, not ongoing instructional authority.
Held Captive Under The Law
Approved rendering: बंदखणींत दवरिल्लें
Transliteration: bandakhaṇīnt davarillẽ
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: συγκλείω
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:22-23. Must connect to the paidagōgos concept; not permanent bondage.
Fullness Of Time
Approved rendering: काळाची पुराय वेळ
Transliteration: kāḷācī purāy veḷ
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:4. Marks God’s precisely-timed, linear historical sending of the Son, not cyclical cosmic timing.
Heir
Approved rendering: वारस
Transliteration: vāras
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:29, 4:1, 4:7, 4:30. Full inheritance-rights status, parallel to the baseline’s adoption note.
Jerusalem Above
Approved rendering: वयलें जेरुसलेम
Transliteration: vaylẽ Jerusalem
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἄνω
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:26. A present spiritual reality (believers’ true mother-city), not merely a future or purely eschatological location.
Allegory
Approved rendering: रूपकाथेन सांगप
Transliteration: rūpakāthẽn sāṅgap
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Original: ἀλληγορέω
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:24. Paul’s own explicit typological reading of Hagar/Sarah; must be kept distinct from open-ended Puranic myth-interpretation — one fixed, apostolically-authorized meaning, not multiple valid readings.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: सुंता
Transliteration: suntā
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant Sign
Galatians 2:3-12, 3:3-5, 5:2-11, 6:12-13. Familiar cultural term (also known through regional Muslim practice); the theological irrelevance of this rite to justification must be made explicit from context, climaxing at 6:15’s ‘new creation.‘
Clothed With Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्त लेवप
Transliteration: khrist levap
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: ἐνδύω
Category: Covenant Sign
Galatians 3:27. Must retain the sense of a decisive change of identity/status, not a superficial or temporary covering.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: ढोंग
Transliteration: ḍhoṅg
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Church
Galatians 2:12-13. Describes Peter’s withdrawal from Gentile table-fellowship under pressure; conveys inconsistency between profession and practice.
Israel Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें इस्राएल
Transliteration: devāce Isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
Galatians 6:16. True spiritual Israel comprising all who walk by the new-creation rule, Jew and Gentile united by faith.
Walk By The Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्म्यान चालप
Transliteration: ātmyān chālap
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε
Category: Flesh and Spirit
Galatians 5:16, 5:25. Ongoing, moment-by-moment dependence on the Spirit, not ritual empowerment or self-effort moral improvement.
Sorcery
Approved rendering: जादूटोणा
Transliteration: jādūṭoṇā
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: φαρμακεία
Category: Flesh and Spirit
Galatians 5:20. Relevant to regional folk-occult practice (mantra-tantra, evil-eye remedies); render as a named work of the flesh without added elaboration.
Self Control
Approved rendering: संयम
Transliteration: saṃyam
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Fruit of the Spirit
Galatians 5:23. संयम also carries strong Hindu ascetic-discipline/yogic connotation; must be marked as Spirit-produced, not self-achieved ascetic discipline.
Boast
Approved rendering: फुशारकी मारप
Transliteration: fuśārkī mārap
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Faith Working through Love
Galatians 6:13-14. Used negatively (boasting in the flesh/circumcision) and positively-paradoxically (boasting only in the cross); the ironic contrast between the two uses must be preserved.
Sow And Reap
Approved rendering: पेरप आनी कापणी करप
Transliteration: perap āni kāpaṇī karap
Doctrine: Providence
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: God
Galatians 6:7-9. Must be distinguished from the Hindu doctrine of karma-phal, an impersonal law of proportional fruit across rebirths; this is a moral principle within a single life under a personal God’s governance.
Marks Of Jesus
Approved rendering: येशूचीं खुणां
Transliteration: yeśūcī khuṇāṃ
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Ethics
Galatians 6:17. Requires a translator note distinguishing these as ordinary scars from persecution and hardship, not the distinct Catholic devotional phenomenon of stigmata (e.g. St. Francis of Assisi) some Goan Catholic-background readers may already associate with the word.
Servant Agent
Approved rendering: सेवक
Transliteration: sevak
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: दास
Galatians 2:17, διάκονος. Must be kept distinct from दास (doulos, Christ’s bondservant, 1:10); here the rhetorical force depends on ‘agent/facilitator of sin,’ a lighter accusation than ‘slave to sin.‘
Transgressor
Approved rendering: अपराधी
Transliteration: aprādhī
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: कायदो मोडणारो
Galatians 2:18, παραβάτης. Preferred over कायदो मोडणारो (civil-law connotation); must connect conceptually to पाप without collapsing the specific legal-transgression sense.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Notable stylistic point: Paul omits his usual epistolary thanksgiving section in Galatians — not a translation risk, but worth noting in study materials.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: इश्टागत, समाज
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Galatians 2:9, ‘the right hand of fellowship.‘
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणें
Transliteration: uttejan denẽ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω (thematic, 6:1-2)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Thematic at Galatians 6:1-2.
Traditions Of The Fathers
Approved rendering: पूर्वजांच्यो परंपरा
Transliteration: pūrvajāñcyo paramparā
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: παραδόσεις πατρικαί
Category: Apostleship
Galatians 1:14.
Abraham
Approved rendering: अब्राहाम
Transliteration: Abrāhām
Doctrine: Abrahamic Covenant
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
Galatians 3:6-9, 3:14-18, 3:29, 4:22. Established Devanagari transliteration, already listed in the baseline’s transliteration standards.
Guardians And Managers
Approved rendering: पालक आनी कारभारी
Transliteration: pālak āni kārbhārī
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: ἐπίτροπος / οἰκονόμος
Category: Covenant
Galatians 4:1-2. Minor-heir legal-status illustration, parallel to paidagōgos.
Ritual Calendar Observance
Approved rendering: दिस, म्हयने, ऋतू, वर्सां
Transliteration: dis, mhayne, ṛtū, varsāṃ
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Galatians 4:10, ‘days, months, seasons, years’ — Paul’s critique of ritual calendar-observance as a return to bondage.
Pillars
Approved rendering: खांबे
Transliteration: khāmbe
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: στῦλοι
Category: Church
Galatians 2:9. James, Peter, and John as recognized leaders.
Walk Uprightly
Approved rendering: सुवार्तेच्या सत्याप्रमाण नीट चालप
Transliteration: suvārtece satyāpramāṇ nīṭ chālap
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ὀρθοποδέω
Category: Church
Galatians 2:14.
Fruit Of The Spirit Qualities
Approved rendering: आनंद, शांती, सहनशीलताय, उपकारीपण, चांगुलपण, विश्वासूपण, सौम्यताय
Transliteration: ānand, śāntī, sahanaśīltāy, upakārīpaṇ, chāṅgulpaṇ, viśvāsūpaṇ, saumyatāy
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Galatians 5:22-23, the remaining seven listed qualities besides love and self-control (joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness). Peace and faithfulness inherit their risk tier from the baseline peace/faith entries.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: शेजारी
Transliteration: śejārī
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: πλησίον
Category: Faith Working through Love
Galatians 5:14.
Bear One Anothers Burdens
Approved rendering: एकामेकांचो भार वागोवप
Transliteration: ekāmekāco bhār vāgovap
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: βαστάζετε τὰ βάρη ἀλλήλων
Category: Ethics
Galatians 6:2.
Spirit Of Gentleness
Approved rendering: सौम्यतायेचो आत्मो
Transliteration: saumyatāyeco ātmo
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: πνεῦμα πραΰτητος
Category: Ethics
Galatians 6:1. The manner of restoring one caught in sin.
Test Ones Own Work
Approved rendering: आपलें काम तपासप
Transliteration: āpalẽ kām tapāsap
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον δοκιμαζέτω
Category: Ethics
Galatians 6:4.
Household Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासाचें कुटूंब
Transliteration: viśvāsāce kuṭūmb
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Ethics
Galatians 6:10.
By Nature
Approved rendering: स्वभावान
Transliteration: svabhāvān
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Galatians 2:15 (‘Jews by nature/birth’); also underlies 4:8’s ‘not gods by nature.’ Descriptive term for inborn status; no doctrinal ambiguity in itself.
Certainly Not
Approved rendering: मुळींच न्हय!
Transliteration: muḷīñc nhay
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Galatians 2:17, μὴ γένοιτο. Paul’s strongest idiomatic negation; must preserve equal rhetorical intensity in Konkani.
Tear Down
Approved rendering: मोडून उडोवप
Transliteration: moḍūn uḍovap
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Galatians 2:18, καταλύω. Describes the law-based righteousness system Paul dismantled.
Rebuild
Approved rendering: परत बांधप
Transliteration: parat bāndhap
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Galatians 2:18, οἰκοδομέω. Used here ironically/negatively of rebuilding a dismantled system; flag the contextual irony so it is not rendered with the same warm connotation as edification passages elsewhere.
Referenced passages