Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Luke 1–24 (Konkani)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Luke. Terms already fixed by the baseline Romans Language Package are marked [BASELINE] and MUST be reused exactly as recorded there; no alternative rendering is permitted. New terms surfaced by Luke’s curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for entry into translation memory ahead of Phase 2.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required, every occurrence.
- High — significant theological confusion/syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision; automated review sufficient.
Table 1 — Baseline Terms Reused in Luke
| English Term | Konkani | Risk | Key Luke Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुवार्ता | High | 4, 7, 8, 20 | Verb form “to proclaim good news” (εὐαγγελίζομαι) at 4:18 uses सुवार्ता सांगणें |
| grace / favor | कृपा | High | 1, 2, 4 | ”Year of the Lord’s favor” (4:19) built on this root |
| faith | विश्वास | High | 5, 7, 8, 17, 18 | Formula “your faith has saved you” recurs 4x; consistency required |
| righteousness / righteous | नीतिमत्ता | Critical | 1, 18, 23 | Centurion’s confession (23:47) reuses this root |
| justification | नीतिमान ठरवणें | Critical | 18 | Pharisee/tax collector parable (18:14) |
| salvation | तारण | Critical | 1, 2, 19 | Root for तारक (Savior, new) |
| apostle | प्रेषित | Medium | 6, 9, 22, 24 | The Twelve named 6:13-16 |
| called / calling | बोलावलेले / बोलावणें | High | throughout | Disciples called (5:1-11, 6:13, 9:1-6) |
| holy | पवित्र | High | 1, 2, 4 | ”Holy One of God” (4:34) |
| sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | (implicit) | Discipleship/holiness teaching, chs. 6, 9, 14 |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 7 (resuscitation, distinguished), 20, 24 | Never पुनर्जन्म; distinguish this-life resuscitation (ch.7) from Christ’s own resurrection |
| lord | प्रभू | Critical | throughout | ”Jesus is Lord” confession pattern must match Romans 10:9 rendering |
| son of God | देवाचो पुत्र | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 8, 9 | Gabriel’s annunciation (1:32, 35), demons’ confession (4:41) |
| incarnation | देहधारण | Critical | 1, 2 | Virgin conception is the mechanism; requires distinguishing note from अवतार |
| peace | शांती | Medium | 2, 7, 19, 24 | ”Peace on earth” (2:14); “go in peace” formula |
| thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | 17, 18, 22 | Thankful Samaritan (17:16) |
| fellowship | सहभागिता | Low | (implicit) | Underlies but distinct from “table fellowship” (see New Table) |
| kingdom of God | देवाचें राज्य | Medium | 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23 | Present-and-future tension must be preserved throughout |
| law | नियमशास्त्र | High | 2, 10, 16, 24 | ”Law and the Prophets” (16:29-31) |
| sin | पाप | High | throughout | Root for पापी (sinner, new), पापांची क्षमा (new) |
| gentiles | परराष्ट्रीय | Medium | 2, 4, 7 (implicit via centurion), 24 | ”Light to the Gentiles” theme, Simeon’s prophecy (2:32) |
| glory | गौरव | High | 2, 9, 24 | Transfiguration (9:29-32); resurrection glory (24:26) |
| power of God | देवाचें सामर्थ्य | High | 1, 4, 24 | ”Power from on high” (24:49) |
| messiah / christ | मसीहा | Critical | 2, 3, 4, 9, 22, 23, 24 | Peter’s confession (9:20); trial (22:67, 23:2) |
| prophet | संदेष्टा | Low | 1, 4, 7, 16, 24 | Isaiah named in core passage |
| prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | Low | 1, 4, 24 | Fulfillment doctrine anchor |
| covenant | करार | High | 1, 22 | Abrahamic covenant (1:72-73); new covenant (22:20) |
| election | देवाची निवड | High | 18 (implicit), 23 | ”Chosen One” mockery at crucifixion (23:35) |
| intercession | मध्यस्थी | Medium | 22 (implicit) | Parallels prayer teaching, ch.11 |
| providence | देवाची तरतूद | High | (implicit throughout) | Especially birth-narrative and passion predictions |
| mission | सुवार्ता प्रसार | Medium | 9, 10, 24 | Sending of the Twelve/Seventy-Two; Great Commission-adjacent (24:47-49) |
| david | दावीद | Medium | 1, 2, 3, 18, 20 | ”Son of David” title (18:38-39) |
| israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 1, 2, 13, 22, 24 | Simeon’s “consolation of Israel” |
| jesus | येशू | Critical | throughout | Never जेजू |
| god | देव | Critical | throughout | Requires exclusivity marker in doctrinally load-bearing contexts |
| holy spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 24 | Central to “Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History” doctrine |
| father | पिता | Critical | 11, 15, 22, 23 | Lord’s Prayer (11:2); prodigal’s father (15); Gethsemane (22:42) |
| exhort | उत्तेजन देणें | Low | (implicit) | General teaching contexts |
| seed of David | दावीदाच्या वंशांतलो | High | 1, 2 | Genealogy and birth narrative |
Table 2 — New Terms Introduced in Luke (Proposed for Translation Memory)
Christology and Salvation
| English Term | Greek | Konkani | Translit. | Risk | Chapters | Rejected Alternatives | Reasoning Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | σωτήρ | तारक | tārak | Critical | 2 | रक्षक (alone) | Must retain तारण root to preserve link to salvation doctrine |
| anointed (verb) | χρίω | अभिषेक केला | abhiṣek kelā | Critical | 4 (core) | — (no viable alternative found; requires mandatory note) | अभिषेक collides with Hindu temple ritual bathing of deity images (Mangueshi/Shantadurga abhishekam); must carry OT royal/priestly-anointing distinguishing note at every occurrence |
| liberty/release to captives | ἄφεσις | सुटका | suṭkā | Critical | 4 (core) | मुक्ती, मोक्ष (forbidden) | Same Greek root as “forgiveness of sins”; risk of conflation with rebirth-cycle liberation; mandatory distinguishing note |
| year of the Lord’s favor | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | प्रभूच्या कृपेचें वर्स | prabhūcyā kṛpece vars | High | 4 (core) | — | Risk of cyclical-festival misreading vs. once-for-all Jubilee inauguration |
| redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | खंडणी | khaṇḍaṇī | Critical | 2, 21 | मुक्ती, मोक्ष, सुटका (imprecise) | Preserves “ransom-price-paid” nuance lost in bare सुटका |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | मनीसाचो पुत्र | manīsāco putra | Critical | 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24 | मनुष्याचो पुत्र (non-standard Konkani form) | Must retain paradox of full humanity + unique divine authority; frequent, high-volume term |
| lost (ones) | ἀπολωλός | हारपलेलें | hārpalelẽ | Medium | 15, 19 | — | Relational: one actively sought by God, not merely “missing” |
| Paradise | παράδεισος | परादीस (transliteration recommended) | parādīs | Critical | 23 | स्वर्ग (risk of merit-based temporary-heaven misreading) | Distinct, rarer word from generic “heaven”; unique repentant-sinner promise |
| heaven (general) | οὐρανός | स्वर्ग (retain, with exclusivity/eternal-dwelling marker) | svarga | High | 11, 15, 24, etc. | — | Settled Bible term despite Hindu temporary-merit-heaven collision; treat like देव — retain + mark |
| Gehenna / hell | γέεννα | नरक | narak | High | 12 | अधोलोक (reserved for Hades instead) | नरक collides with Puranic multi-tiered, karma-cyclical hell cosmology; requires distinguishing note re: finality vs. karmic purgation |
| Hades | ᾅδης | अधोलोक | adholok | High | 16 | नरक (reserved for Gehenna) | Intermediate realm of the dead, kept distinct from final-judgment नरक |
| crucifixion / cross | σταυρόω / σταυρός | क्रूसार मारप / क्रूस | krūsār mārap / krūs | High | 9, 14, 23 | — | Must remain concretely historical, not purely symbolic |
Holy Spirit, Repentance, and Forgiveness
| English Term | Greek | Konkani | Translit. | Risk | Chapters | Rejected Alternatives | Reasoning Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| repentance | μετάνοια | पश्चाताप | paścātāp | High | 3, 5, 13, 15, 17, 24 | तपश्चर्या, तपस्या (forbidden: ascetic merit-austerity) | Must be Spirit-enabled turning to God, not remorse or merit-earning austerity |
| forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | पापांची क्षमा | pāpāncī kṣamā | High | 1, 5, 24 | — | Forgiveness by a personal God, not karmic-debt cancellation |
| baptism | βάπτισμα | बाप्तिस्मा | bāptismā | Medium | 3, 7, 12, 20 | स्नान (ritual bathing, rejected) | Distinguished from Hindu purificatory ritual bathing (tirtha-snana) |
| mercy | ἔλεος | दया | dayā | Medium | 1, 10, 15, 18 | — | God’s covenantal compassion, not a self-cultivated generic virtue |
| worship (verb) | προσκυνέω | आराधना / नमन | ārādhanā / naman | High | 4 | पूजा, भक्ती (both forbidden) | Must avoid ritual-image-worship and devotional-bhakti terms; needs exclusivity marker |
Kingdom, Discipleship, and Table Fellowship
| English Term | Greek | Konkani | Translit. | Risk | Chapters | Rejected Alternatives | Reasoning Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kingdom of God within/among you | ἐντὸς ὑμῶν | देवाचें राज्य तुमच्या मदीं आसा | devāce rājya tumcyā madĩ āsā | CRITICAL | 17 | तुमच्या अंतस्करणांत / आत्म्यांत (forbidden: Advaita “divine within” collision) | Sharpest single collision risk in the book; must read “in your midst,” never “inside each of you” |
| disciple | μαθητής | शिष्य | śiṣya | High | 6, 14, and throughout | — | Guru-shishya parampara collision; must convey costly Christ-allegiance, not technique/enlightenment-seeking |
| blessed | μακάριος | धन्य | dhanya | Medium-High | 6 | भाग्यवंत (forbidden: luck/fate-based fortune) | God’s own approving verdict, not chance fortune |
| love (agape) | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | मोग | mog | Medium | 6, 15 | — | Ordinary word covers all senses of love; doctrinal contexts need reinforcement as self-giving, covenantal |
| compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι | करुणा | karuṇā | High | 7, 15 | — | Collides with Hindu/Buddhist celebrated compassion-virtue (करुणासागर epithets); anchor to Jesus’ specific, active compassion |
| table fellowship (with sinners) | (motif; συνανάκειμαι) | सहभोजन | sahabhojan | High | 5, 7, 15, 19 | — | Directly confronts caste-based commensality restrictions; central to “Compassion and Table Fellowship” doctrine |
| sinner | ἁμαρτωλός | पापी | pāpī | Medium | 5, 7, 15, 18, 19 | — | Moral-relational transgressor before personal God, not ritual-impurity/caste-status label |
| take up the cross (daily) | αἴρω τὸν σταυρὸν | क्रूस रोज उखलचो | krūs roj ukhalco | High | 9, 14 | — | Costly, voluntary, daily allegiance; not general hardship or merit-austerity |
| neighbor | πλησίον | शेजारी | śejārī | Medium | 10 | — | Parable deliberately expands beyond in-group boundary; must preserve boundary-crossing force |
| parable | παραβολή | दाखलो | dākhlo | Medium | 8 and throughout | कथा (generic story, too weak) | Distinct from Puranic katha devotional-fable genre |
| justice/vindication | ἐκδίκησις | न्याय | nyāy | Medium | 18 | — | God’s personal justice, not impersonal karmic cause-effect |
Prayer, Places, and Social/Religious Categories
| English Term | Greek | Konkani | Translit. | Risk | Chapters | Rejected Alternatives | Reasoning Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| prayer | προσευχή / προσεύχομαι | प्रार्थना | prārthanā | High | 11, 18, 22 | — | Direct, unmediated address to the one true Father, not ritual पूजा-accompanying petition |
| synagogue | συναγωγή | सभाघर | sabhāghar | Medium | 4 (core), 6, 13 | देऊळ, मंदिर (forbidden — Hindu temple) | Place of Scripture-reading/teaching, not image worship |
| Sabbath | σάββατον | शब्बाथ | śabbāth | Medium | 4 (core), 6, 13, 14 | — | Historic seventh-day Jewish observance, distinguished from Sunday worship pattern |
| Temple (literal, Jerusalem) | ἱερόν | मंदिर | mandir | Medium | 2, 19, 20, 21, 24 | — | Reserved for the LITERAL Jerusalem Temple only; मंडळी (church) remains the term for the NT congregation — do not conflate |
| scroll / book | βιβλίον | पोथी / ग्रंथ | pothī / granth | Low-Medium | 4 (core) | — | Generic-register word for a physical text; not to be confused with शास्त्र (Scripture, doctrinally load-bearing) |
| Scripture | γραφή | शास्त्र | śāstra | High | 4 (core), 24 | — | Collides with generic Hindu शास्त्र (any authoritative treatise); must anchor to closed OT-NT canon |
| devil / Satan | διάβολος | सैतान | saitān | High | 4, and throughout | असुर, राक्षस (Puranic demon-king narratives, rejected) | Specific personal adversary, not a mythological demon-king figure |
| unclean spirit / demon | πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον | असुद्ध आत्मा / भूत | asuddha ātmā / bhūt | Medium | 4, 8 | — | Distinguished from generic folk ghost-belief (bhoot-pret) |
| Pharisee | Φαρισαῖος | फारीसी | phārīsī | Medium | 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 18 | — | First-century Jewish party; must not be mapped onto Goan caste categories |
| Sadducee | Σαδδουκαῖος | सदुकी | sadukī | Low-Medium | 20 | — | As above |
| scribe | γραμματεύς | शास्त्री | śāstrī | Low-Medium | 11, 20 | — | Functional-equivalent title only; no doctrinal equivalence implied |
| tax collector | τελώνης | जकातदार | jakātdār | Low | 5, 7, 15, 18, 19 | — | Socially marginalized occupation; part of table-fellowship motif |
| leprosy | λέπρα | कोड | koḍ | Low | 5, 17 | — | Socio-medical; theological weight is in Jesus’ touch, not the term |
| centurion | ἑκατοντάρχης | शताधिपती | śatādhipatī | Low | 7, 23 | — | Gentile figure reinforcing “Savior for All Nations” |
| fasting | νηστεία | उपवास | upavās | Medium | 5, 18 | — | Voluntary discipline of dependence, not merit-earning vrat-austerity |
| covetousness | πλεονεξία | लोब | lob | Medium | 12 | — | Wealth displacing dependence on God specifically |
| virgin | παρθένος | कुमारी | kumārī | High | 1 | — | Mechanism of unique incarnation; not a generic miraculous-birth motif |
| angel/messenger | ἄγγελος | देवदूत | devdūt | Low-Medium | 1, 2 | — | Created servant of the one true God, not a minor देवता figure |
| joy | χαρά | आनंद | ānand | Medium | 15 | — | Relational, event-based joy; distinguished from Advaitic sat-chit-ānanda bliss-state |
| witness | μάρτυς | साक्षी | sākṣī | Low-Medium | 24 | — | Juridical/testimonial; risk lies in the content witnessed to, not the term itself |
| mammon | μαμωνᾶς | धन / द्रव्य (मामोन transliteration optional) | dhan / dravya (māmon) | Medium | 16 | — | Retain personification as rival master to God |
Cross-Reference Note on Shared Greek Roots
Several Konkani renderings above must be kept carefully distinct despite sharing an English gloss or an underlying Greek root, to avoid doctrinal blurring:
- ἄφεσις (aphesis) appears as both “forgiveness of sins” (क्षमा, ch.1, 5, 24) and “release to captives/liberty” (सुटका, ch.4 core passage) — same Greek word, two Konkani renderings by context, both requiring translator notes tying them back to the single underlying concept without collapsing into तारण or the forbidden मुक्ती/मोक्ष.
- λύτρωσις/ἀπολύτρωσις (redemption, खंडणी) is kept distinct from both सुटका (bare release) and तारण (the fuller salvation doctrine) to preserve its specific “ransom-price” nuance.
- γέεννα (Gehenna → नरक) and ᾅδης (Hades → अधोलोक) are deliberately assigned two different Konkani terms so that the intermediate realm of the dead and final judgment are not conflated with each other or with the Puranic multi-tiered naraka cosmology.
- σωτηρία/σωτήρ family (तारण/तारक) and παράδεισος/οὐρανός (परादीस/स्वर्ग) must all be cross-checked against the baseline’s Critical-tier forbidden substitutions (मुक्ती, मोक्ष) at every occurrence throughout Luke.
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (with version increment) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Luke begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: nītimattā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Reused at the centurion’s crucifixion confession (23:47, ‘certainly this man was righteous/innocent’) and the justification parable (18:14).
Justification
Approved rendering: नीतिमान ठरवणें
Transliteration: nītimān ṭharavaṇẽ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा मेळप, पुण्य कमावप
Original: δικαιωθεὶς (Luke 18:14)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Narratively enacted in the Pharisee/tax collector parable (18:9-14); the tax collector ‘went down to his house justified.‘
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष, सुटका
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Programmatic across the infancy narrative (1:69, 71, 77), the angelic announcement (2:11), and the Gospel’s summary thesis (19:9-10).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Never पुनर्जन्म. Must be terminologically distinguished from Luke’s this-life resuscitation miracles (see raised_from_dead_resuscitation, chs. 7-8) so Christ’s own resurrection (chs. 20, 24) is never diluted.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The angelic title ‘Christ the Lord’ (2:11) and ‘The Lord has risen indeed’ (24:34) must match the Romans 10:9 confession pattern येशू प्रभू आसा.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचो पुत्र
Transliteration: devāco putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवाचो अंश, देवपुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Announced by Gabriel (1:32, 35), tested by Satan (4:3, 9), confessed by demons (4:41, 8:28); full phrase required every occurrence.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रगट
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological category; cf. Luke 1:31-35, 2:6-7)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Narrated concretely through the virgin conception (1:26-38, see virgin) and the nativity (2:1-7); never अवतार.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीहा
Transliteration: masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Named at the nativity (2:11, 26), Peter’s confession (9:20), and the trial (22:67, 23:2, 35, 39); directly linked to the new term anointed (4:18).
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: जेजू
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Given at the annunciation and circumcision (1:31; 2:21); always येशू, never जेजू.
God
Approved rendering: देव
Transliteration: dev
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence must carry an exclusivity marker, extended in Luke to the new title ‘Most High’ (see most_high).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Central to the infancy narrative (1:15, 35, 41, 67), Jesus’ anointing (3:22; 4:1, 14, 18), and Pentecost’s promise (11:13; 24:49) — the core anchor of ‘The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History.‘
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, निर्माणकार
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The Lord’s Prayer address (11:2), the prodigal’s father (ch. 15), and Gethsemane (22:42) anchor ‘Prayer and Dependence on God.‘
Savior
Approved rendering: तारक
Transliteration: tārak
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: रक्षक (alone, severs तारण root link)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
Angelic title for Jesus at his birth (‘a Savior… Christ the Lord,’ Luke 2:11). Built consistently on the established तारण root so the deliverer-title and the deliverance-doctrine visibly cohere; never रक्षक alone.
Anointed
Approved rendering: अभिषेक केला
Transliteration: abhiṣek kelā
Doctrine: Anointing and the Messianic Office (Luke 4:18)
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology
Luke 4:18, Jesus’ self-identification with Isaiah 61’s Anointed One. अभिषेक is also the precise technical term for Hindu temple ritual abhishekam (Mangueshi, Shantadurga). MANDATORY translator note at every occurrence distinguishing this as the OT prophetic-royal/priestly anointing pattern fulfilled uniquely and finally in Jesus as Messiah (मसीहा), never a repeatable temple ritual on an image. Human theologian review required at every occurrence.
Liberty To Captives
Approved rendering: सुटका
Transliteration: suṭkā
Doctrine: Jubilee Liberty and Release to the Captives (Luke 4:18-19)
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष
Original: ἄφεσις (κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν)
Category: Salvation
Luke 4:18, ἄφεσις (‘release/liberty to captives’). Baseline permits सुटका only for non-salvific narrative rescue; the same Greek root also means ‘forgiveness of sins’ elsewhere (1:77; 3:3; 24:47, see forgiveness_of_sins). Risk of assimilation to मुक्ती/मोक्ष (rebirth-cycle release via guru/avatar). MANDATORY translator note at every occurrence. Human theologian review required.
Redemption
Approved rendering: खंडणी
Transliteration: khaṇḍaṇī
Doctrine: Redemption (Price-Paid Ransom)
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष, सुटका (imprecise, loses price-paid nuance)
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
λύτρωσις/ἀπολύτρωσις — Anna’s ‘redemption of Jerusalem’ (2:38) and ‘your redemption draws near’ (21:28). Preserves the ransom-price-paid component lost in bare सुटका, distinct from both सुटका and तारण.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनीसाचो पुत्र
Transliteration: manīsāco putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ (Son of God and Son of Man)
Rejected alternatives: मनुष्याचो पुत्र (non-standard Konkani form)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Jesus’ characteristic self-designation (Daniel 7 background), very frequent throughout Luke. Built by analogy with देवाचो पुत्र to preserve the paradox of full humanity plus unique divine authority. Human theologian review required at every occurrence.
Paradise
Approved rendering: परादीस
Transliteration: parādīs
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Afterlife (Gehenna, Hades, Paradise)
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्ग (risk of merit-based temporary-heaven misreading)
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
Luke 23:43, Jesus’ promise to the repentant criminal. Transliteration chosen over स्वर्ग because ordinary Goan Hindu usage treats स्वर्ग as a temporary, merit-earned heavenly plane within the rebirth cycle. Must be marked as an immediate, permanent, relational dwelling with Christ granted by grace, no merit required. Human theologian review required.
Kingdom Of God Within Among You
Approved rendering: देवाचें राज्य तुमच्या मदीं आसा
Transliteration: devāce rājya tumcyā madĩ āsā
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Within/Among You (Luke 17:21)
Rejected alternatives: तुमच्या अंतस्करणांत (within your inner self), तुमच्या आत्म्यांत (within your soul)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
ἐντὸς ὑμῶν, 17:20-21. Sharpest doctrine-collision risk in the book: Goa’s Advaita Vedantic strand teaches the divine already dwells within, awaiting inward self-realization, no repentance/faith required. The relational/communal rendering must be used EXCLUSIVELY, with mandatory translator note every occurrence. Human theologian review required, no exceptions.
Horn Of Salvation
Approved rendering: तारणाचें शिंग
Transliteration: tāraṇāce śiṅg
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: κέρας σωτηρίας
Category: Salvation
κέρας σωτηρίας, the Benedictus (1:69). Inherits तारण’s Critical status; a Hebraic royal/Davidic metaphor with no natural Konkani idiom, requiring an explanatory note.
Holy One Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचो पवित्र [पुरुष]
Transliteration: devāco pavitra [puruṣ]
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ, a demon’s confession (4:34). Inherits both पवित्र and देवाचो पुत्र’s Critical cautions; must not soften into ‘a holy man.‘
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुवार्ता
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बरी खबर, शुभवर्तमान
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Luke uses the verb form εὐαγγελίζομαι (4:18, 7:22, 8:1) rendered सुवार्ता सांगणें, built on this same noun root, so verb and noun stay visibly linked.
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, नशीब
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Luke 4:19’s ‘year of the Lord’s favor’ (प्रभूच्या कृपेचें वर्स) is built directly on this root; also used of Mary (1:30) and the boy Jesus (2:40, 52).
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvās
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ती
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Anchors the recurring ‘your faith has saved you’ formula (5:20; 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42), which must render identically at every occurrence per the cross-document consistency rule.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Covers vocational calling (6:13), invitational calling (Great Banquet, 14:16-24), and the call to repentance/discipleship throughout.
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावणें
Transliteration: bolāvaṇẽ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रण
Original: κλῆσις (implied; cf. κλῆσις-family usage)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Underlies the disciples’ leaving everything at Jesus’ summons (5:11, 27-28).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मळ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Applied to the Holy Spirit throughout, to the unborn Jesus (1:35), and in the demon’s confession ‘the Holy One of God’ (4:34; see holy_one_of_god).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός (implied; cf. holiness teaching)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Underlies discipleship/holiness teaching (chs. 6, 9, 14); distinguished from fasting/ascetic self-discipline (see fasting).
Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, कायदो
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. ‘Law and the Prophets’ (16:16, 29-31; 24:44) reinforces the Fulfillment of Prophecy doctrine.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Root for the Luke-specific terms sinner (पापी) and forgiveness_of_sins (पापांची क्षमा).
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, देवीतेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Angelic ‘glory of the Lord’ at the nativity (2:9), the Transfiguration (9:29-32, see transfiguration), and ‘enter into his glory’ (24:26).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The Spirit’s power upon Mary (1:35) and the promised ‘power from on high’ (24:49), the closing Spirit-theme statement; never शक्ती.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: समजूत
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The Abrahamic covenant in the Benedictus (1:72-73) and the new covenant at the Last Supper (22:20, नवो करार) — see ‘The New Covenant and the Lord’s Supper’ doctrine.
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
Original: ἐκλέγομαι / ἐκλεκτός (implied; cf. ‘the Chosen One’ mockery, 23:35)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The mocking title ‘the Chosen One’ at the crucifixion (23:35) reuses this term in a hostile-irony context.
Providence
Approved rendering: देवाची तरतूद
Transliteration: devācī tartūd
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
Original: implied theological category (cf. Luke’s birth-narrative ‘divine appointments’ and passion predictions)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Pervasive in the birth narrative and the recurring passion ‘necessity’ (δεῖ) sayings (9:22, 44; 18:31-33; 24:26), especially vulnerable to a fatalistic misreading.
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Held for cross-document consistency with the Romans 8:15 usage pattern; retained for related prayer/discipleship material built around Luke 11’s Lord’s Prayer and Luke 22’s Gethsemane scene.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दावीदाच्या वंशांतलो
Transliteration: dāvīdācyā vanśāntlo
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ (implied; cf. Luke’s genealogy and infancy narrative)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Underlies Luke’s genealogy (3:23-38) and the angel’s promise of David’s throne (1:32-33).
Year Of The Lords Favor
Approved rendering: प्रभूच्या कृपेचें वर्स
Transliteration: prabhūcyā kṛpece vars
Doctrine: Jubilee Liberty and Release to the Captives (Luke 4:18-19)
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Salvation
Luke 4:19, echoing the Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25). Built on कृपा. Goa’s Hindu religious calendars (e.g. Shantadurga jatra cycles) risk this being heard as one recurring auspicious season rather than history’s unrepeatable Messianic inauguration. Translator note required.
Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग
Transliteration: svarga
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Afterlife (Gehenna, Hades, Paradise)
Original: οὐρανός
Category: Eschatology
οὐρανός, used throughout Luke (11:2; 15:7; 24:51). The settled Bible term for God’s eternal dwelling; retained despite the ordinary Goan Hindu temporary-merit-heaven association, but every load-bearing occurrence should carry a distinguishing marker (e.g. देवासयत सदाच रावपाचें स्वर्ग), paralleling देव’s own treatment.
Gehenna Hell
Approved rendering: नरक
Transliteration: narak
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Afterlife (Gehenna, Hades, Paradise)
Rejected alternatives: अधोलोक (reserved for Hades instead)
Original: γέεννα (implicit in judgment sayings, e.g., 12:5)
Category: Eschatology
γέεννα, Luke 12:5. नरक collides with the Puranic cyclical, karma-calibrated multi-tiered hell cosmology. Jesus’ γέεννα names final, personal accountability before God, not temporary karmic purgation. Requires distinguishing translator note. Human theologian review required.
Hades
Approved rendering: अधोलोक
Transliteration: adholok
Doctrine: Final Judgment and the Afterlife (Gehenna, Hades, Paradise)
Rejected alternatives: नरक (reserved for Gehenna)
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
ᾅδης, the Rich Man and Lazarus (16:23). Isolates the intermediate realm of the dead without invoking the full Puranic multi-tiered hell-cosmology, though it overlaps with the Hindu pitru-loka concept and must be explained, not assumed self-evident.
Crucifixion
Approved rendering: क्रूसार मारप / क्रूस
Transliteration: krūsār mārap / krūs
Doctrine: Crucifixion and Atonement
Original: σταυρόω / σταυρός
Category: Christology
σταυρόω/σταυρός, ch. 23; referenced proleptically at 9:23 and 14:27. Must be kept concretely historical — a real Roman execution inflicted on a real human body — never a purely symbolic/mythic reading.
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: paścātāp
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: तपश्चर्या, तपस्या (ascetic merit-earning austerity)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Sin
μετάνοια/μετανοέω, central to John’s and Jesus’ preaching (3:3, 8; 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 24:47). Must be Spirit-enabled, whole-life turning toward God, never mere regret or merit-earning austerity.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: पापांची क्षमा
Transliteration: pāpāncī kṣamā
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Sin
ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν — Benedictus (1:77), John’s preaching (3:3), closing commission (24:47). Forgiveness by a personal God, not karmic-debt cancellation. Kept terminologically distinct from 4:18’s सुटका despite sharing the root ἄφεσις; see liberty_to_captives.
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना / नमन
Transliteration: ārādhanā / naman
Doctrine: Worship of God Alone
Rejected alternatives: पूजा (ritual image-worship), भक्ती (baseline-restricted devotional term)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: God
προσκυνέω — ‘worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve’ (4:8). Both पूजा and भक्ती forbidden; आराधना/नमन should be paired with an exclusivity marker in load-bearing verses.
Disciple
Approved rendering: शिष्य
Transliteration: śiṣya
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: μαθητής
Category: Church
μαθητής — the Twelve chosen from a wider group of disciples (6:13); costly (chs. 9, 14). शिष्य collides with the guru-shishya parampara; must be distinguished as costly allegiance to a Lord who died and rose, not technique/enlightenment/lineage-seeking.
Compassion
Approved rendering: करुणा
Transliteration: karuṇā
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Kingdom
σπλαγχνίζομαι — widow of Nain (7:13), Prodigal’s father (15:20). Collides with celebrated Hindu bhakti/Buddhist compassion-virtue epithets (करुणासागर). Must anchor to Jesus’ own personal, active compassion in concrete action, not a generalized self-cultivated virtue.
Table Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभोजन
Transliteration: sahabhojan
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: συνανάκειμαι (motif; e.g., 5:29-30; 7:36-50; 15:1-2; 19:5-7)
Category: Church
The motif of Jesus eating with ‘sinners and tax collectors’ (5:29-30; 7:36-50; 15:1-2; 19:5-7). Directly confronts caste-based commensality restrictions (e.g. Goud Saraswat Brahmin community norms) and Hindu-Catholic communal division. Every occurrence should connect to the no-caste-barrier doctrine.
Take Up The Cross
Approved rendering: क्रूस रोज उखलचो
Transliteration: krūs roj ukhalco
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: αἴρω τὸν σταυρὸν (καθ’ ἡμέραν)
Category: Kingdom
αἴρω τὸν σταυρὸν (καθ’ ἡμέραν), 9:23; 14:27. Costly, daily, voluntary self-denying allegiance unto death, never general hardship or merit-earning ascetic penance/tapasya.
Prayer
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Faith
προσευχή/προσεύχομαι — Luke’s fullest Gospel treatment of prayer (11:1-13; 18:1-14; 22:39-46). Must be anchored as direct, filial address to the Father, without ritual mediation through images, priests, or intercessory figures.
Scripture
Approved rendering: शास्त्र
Transliteration: śāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: γραφή
Category: Covenant
γραφή — ‘today this Scripture is fulfilled’ (4:21) and the Emmaus exposition (24:27, 32, 45). Must always be anchored to the closed OT-NT canon, never read as one respected शास्त्र among many Hindu religious शास्त्र.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: सैतान
Transliteration: saitān
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: असुर, राक्षस (Puranic demon-king narratives)
Original: διάβολος / Σατανᾶς
Category: Kingdom
διάβολος/Σατανᾶς — the temptation narrative (4:1-13) and later activity (10:18; 22:3, 31). Must name one specific, personal, malevolent being, distinct from असुर/राक्षस and from the vaguer भूत-प्रेत folk category.
Virgin
Approved rendering: कुमारी
Transliteration: kumārī
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
παρθένος, Mary’s virginal conception (1:27, 34). Tied explicitly to देहधारण as the mechanism of the unique, non-repeatable incarnation, never a Puranic miraculous-birth motif.
Poor
Approved rendering: गरीब
Transliteration: garīb
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: πτωχός
Category: Kingdom
πτωχός — 4:18 and the Beatitudes (6:20). Names economic poverty only in ordinary usage; catechetical material must recover the fuller OT anawim (‘poor-before-God’) sense.
Most High
Approved rendering: परमप्रधान देव / सर्वोच्च देव
Transliteration: paramapradhān dev / sarvocca dev
Doctrine: Worship of God Alone
Original: Ὕψιστος
Category: God
Ὕψιστος (1:32, 35, 76; 6:35; 8:28). Must always pair with देव’s exclusivity marker; otherwise heard as merely the highest deity in a pantheon.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: रूपांतर
Transliteration: rūpāntar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
μεταμορφόω, 9:29. Must be an unveiling of Christ’s already-possessed divine glory, not a temporary transformation into a different divine being — an avatar-adjacent misreading sharpened by local Shantadurga/Mahalasa iconographic-radiance traditions.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, गुरू
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The Twelve are named and sent in 6:13-16 and 9:1-6; kept distinct from गुरू and from the broader Luke-new term शिष्य (disciple).
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख, समाधान
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Angelic ‘peace on earth’ (2:14) and the healing formula ‘go in peace’ (7:50, 8:48).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: देवाचें राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Luke’s most frequent theological phrase; the present-and-future tension must be preserved throughout, and is sharply tested at 17:21 (see kingdom_of_god_within_among_you).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: परराष्ट्रीय
Transliteration: pararāṣṭrīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Simeon’s prophecy of Jesus as ‘a light for revelation to the Gentiles’ (2:32) and the centurion narratives (7:1-10, 23:47).
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थी
Transliteration: madhyasthī
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: शिफारस
Original: implied in Jesus’ prayer for Peter (22:32) and the Spirit’s/Christ’s ongoing prayer ministry
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Jesus’ intercession for Peter (22:32) and his teaching on persistent prayer (11:1-13; 18:1-8).
Mission
Approved rendering: सुवार्ता प्रसार
Transliteration: suvārtā prasār
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: मिशन
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / ἀποστέλλω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The sending of the Twelve (9:1-6) and Seventy-Two (10:1-20), and the closing charge (24:47-49); always framed as invitation, never coercion, given Goa’s Inquisition-era history.
David
Approved rendering: दावीद
Transliteration: dāvīd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Genealogy (1:27, 32, 69; 2:4; 3:31) and the blind beggar’s cry ‘Son of David’ (18:38-39).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Benedictus and Nunc Dimittis (1:68; 2:32); ‘the consolation of Israel’ (2:25, see consolation_of_israel).
Lost
Approved rendering: हारपलेलें
Transliteration: hārpalelẽ
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἀπολωλός
Category: Salvation
ἀπολωλός — the lost sheep/coin (ch. 15) and the Gospel’s summary thesis (19:10, ‘the Son of Man came to seek and save the lost’). Must be read relationally (one whom God actively seeks), not merely ‘misplaced.‘
Baptism
Approved rendering: बाप्तिस्मा
Transliteration: bāptismā
Doctrine: Baptism as Sign of Repentance
Rejected alternatives: स्नान (ritual purificatory bathing)
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Sin
βάπτισμα/βαπτίζω, John’s baptism (3:1-22) and Jesus’ baptism (3:21-22). Distinguished from Hindu ritual bathing (tirtha-snana); signifies repentance/preparation, not removal of ritual impurity.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
ἔλεος — Magnificat/Benedictus (1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78) and the Good Samaritan’s climax (10:37). Must be God’s own covenantal compassion toward the lowly, not a generic self-cultivated virtue; distinct from कृपा (unmerited favor generally).
Blessed
Approved rendering: धन्य
Transliteration: dhanya
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यवंत (fortunate; implies luck/fate/accumulated merit)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
μακάριος, the Lukan Beatitudes (6:20-23). Must NOT be भाग्यवंत; names God’s own approving verdict on the humble, continuing the 4:18 ‘good news to the poor’ theme.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: मोग
Transliteration: mog
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Kingdom
ἀγάπη/ἀγαπάω, central to the Sermon on the Plain (6:27, 32, 35), including love for enemies. Doctrinal occurrences need contextual reinforcement as sacrificial/covenantal, not mere natural affection.
Sinner
Approved rendering: पापी
Transliteration: pāpī
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
ἁμαρτωλός (5:30; 7:34, 37-39; 15:1-2; 18:13; 19:7). Must name one who has transgressed against the personal God, not primarily one ritually impure or of low caste-status.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: शेजारी
Transliteration: śejārī
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: πλησίον
Category: Kingdom
πλησίον — the Good Samaritan parable (10:25-37) deliberately expands this beyond in-group boundaries. Ordinary शेजारी stays within caste/community lines; the parable’s force lies in crossing them and must not be softened.
Parable
Approved rendering: दाखलो
Transliteration: dākhlo
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: कथा (generic story, too weak)
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
παραβολή — Luke’s characteristic teaching form (8:9-10 and throughout). Distinguished from the Puranic katha devotional-fable tradition (cf. the 1616 Kristapurana’s Puranic-convention retelling).
Justice Vindication
Approved rendering: न्याय
Transliteration: nyāy
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Kingdom
ἐκδίκησις, the Persistent Widow parable (18:1-8). God’s personal, just vindication, not impersonal cosmic/karmic cause-and-effect.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: सभाघर
Transliteration: sabhāghar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर (Hindu temple, forbidden here)
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Church
συναγωγή — Jesus’ Nazareth sermon (4:16, core passage) and repeated teaching venue (4:33, 44; 6:6; 13:10). Kept visually and conceptually distinct from मंदिर/देऊळ; names a place of Scripture-reading and teaching only.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: शब्बाथ
Transliteration: śabbāth
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
σάββατον — Jesus’ customary synagogue attendance (4:16) and Sabbath healing controversies (6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6). Distinguish from generic ‘day of rest’ and from later Christian Sunday-observance.
Temple Literal
Approved rendering: मंदिर
Transliteration: mandir
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ἱερόν
Category: Church
ἱερόν — the literal Jerusalem Temple (2:22-49; 19:45-46; chs. 20-21; 24:53). The baseline’s मंदिर/देऊळ prohibition applies only to ‘church’ (मंडळी); it does not extend to the literal historical Jerusalem Temple, which must be named plainly.
Scroll Book
Approved rendering: पोथी / ग्रंथ
Transliteration: pothī / granth
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βιβλίον
Category: Covenant
βιβλίον, the physical Isaiah scroll (4:17, 20). Generic-register word for a physical text; not to be confused with शास्त्र, which carries the inspiration doctrine’s load-bearing weight.
Unclean Spirit Demon
Approved rendering: असुद्ध आत्मा / भूत
Transliteration: asuddha ātmā / bhūt
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον
Category: Kingdom
πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον/δαιμόνιον (4:33-36, 41; 8:26-39; 9:37-43; 11:14-26). Distinguished from generic village folk-belief about wandering ancestor-ghosts; these spirits recognize and fear Jesus’ authority.
Pharisee
Approved rendering: फारीसी
Transliteration: phārīsī
Doctrine: First-Century Jewish Social and Religious Categories (Pharisee, Sadducee, Scribe)
Original: Φαρισαῖος
Category: Covenant
Φαρισαῖος (6:2, 7; 7:36-50; 11:37-53; 14:1-6; 15:2; 18:9-14). Must not be mapped onto Goan caste or community categories (e.g. Brahmin ritual-purity concerns).
Sadducee
Approved rendering: सदुकी
Transliteration: sadukī
Doctrine: First-Century Jewish Social and Religious Categories (Pharisee, Sadducee, Scribe)
Original: Σαδδουκαῖος
Category: Covenant
Σαδδουκαῖος, the resurrection debate (20:27-40). Must not be mapped onto regional caste/community categories.
Scribe
Approved rendering: शास्त्री
Transliteration: śāstrī
Doctrine: First-Century Jewish Social and Religious Categories (Pharisee, Sadducee, Scribe)
Original: γραμματεύς
Category: Covenant
γραμματεύς, paired with Pharisees (11:53; 20:39, 46). Functional-equivalent occupational title only; no implied equivalence between Torah-scholarship and Hindu शास्त्र scholarship.
Fasting
Approved rendering: उपवास
Transliteration: upavās
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: νηστεία / νηστεύω
Category: Sanctification
νηστεία/νηστεύω (5:33-39; 18:12). उपवास is also standard for Hindu vrat fasting for merit; must be anchored as voluntary discipline of dependence, never merit-earning austerity.
Covetousness
Approved rendering: लोब
Transliteration: lob
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: πλεονεξία
Category: Sin
πλεονεξία, the Rich Fool parable (12:13-21). Distinguished from the Hindu/Jain lobha cardinal-vice category; Luke’s point is wealth displacing dependence on God specifically.
Angel
Approved rendering: देवदूत
Transliteration: devdūt
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: God
ἄγγελος, Gabriel’s annunciation (1:11-38) and the nativity angels (2:9-15). Anchored as a created, non-worshipped servant of God, not a generic devatā folklore figure.
Joy
Approved rendering: आनंद
Transliteration: ānand
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά
Category: Kingdom
χαρά (15:7, 10, 32; 2:10). Risk of collapsing into the Advaitic sat-chit-ānanda bliss-state; Luke’s joy is relational and event-based — God’s own joy over one repentant person’s return.
Mammon
Approved rendering: धन / द्रव्य
Transliteration: dhan / dravya
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Kingdom
μαμωνᾶς, 16:13. Must retain the personification of wealth as a rival master; the transliteration मामोन may optionally be retained to preserve this.
Humble Lowly
Approved rendering: दीनता / लीनता
Transliteration: dīntā / līntā
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ταπείνωσις
Category: Kingdom
ταπείνωσις, Mary’s own low estate exalted by God (1:48, 52). Must not be confused with self-abasement pursued for religious merit.
Consolation Of Israel
Approved rendering: सांत्वन
Transliteration: sāntvan
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: παράκλησις (τοῦ Ἰσραήλ)
Category: Covenant
παράκλησις (τοῦ Ἰσραήλ), Simeon’s hope-language (2:25). Minor risk of flattening into generic comfort rather than covenantal Messianic hope.
Raised From Dead Resuscitation
Approved rendering: मरणांतल्यान उठयलो
Transliteration: maraṇāntlyān uṭhaylo
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἐγείρω (this-life sense; distinct from ἀνάστασις)
Category: Eschatology
ἐγείρω (this-life sense) — widow of Nain’s son (7:14-15), Jairus’ daughter (8:49-56). Kept terminologically distinct from पुनरुत्थान so Christ’s unique resurrection is never diluted by conflation with these reversible events.
Anxiety Dependence
Approved rendering: चिंता करची न्हय
Transliteration: cintā karcī nhay
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: μεριμνάω / μὴ μεριμνᾶτε
Category: Kingdom
μεριμνάω/μὴ μεριμνᾶτε, ch. 12:22-32. Trust in the Father’s provision, not fatalistic resignation to नशीब/प्रारब्ध nor stoic self-management.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: समरी
Transliteration: samarī
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Σαμαρίτης — the Good Samaritan (10:25-37) and the thankful leper (17:11-19), deliberately chosen despised ethnic-religious outsiders whom Jesus commends.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. The healed Samaritan leper returning to give thanks (17:15-16) and the Last Supper thanksgiving (22:17, 19).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: इश्टागत, समाज
Original: κοινωνία (implied; cf. shared discipleship community)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Kept distinct from the sharper Luke-specific term table_fellowship (सहभोजन), which carries the caste-commensality-crossing force specific to this Gospel.
Prophet
Approved rendering: संदेष्टा
Transliteration: sandeṣṭā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Isaiah named in the core passage (4:17); John the Baptist called ‘prophet of the Most High’ (1:76).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफळ
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. Underlies the Fulfillment of Prophecy doctrine throughout (4:21; 24:25-27, 44-47).
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणें
Transliteration: uttejan denẽ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω (implied in general teaching contexts)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Luke. General teaching/discipleship register throughout.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: जकातदार
Transliteration: jakātdār
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Kingdom
τελώνης — Levi’s calling (5:27-32), Zacchaeus (19:1-10). Theological weight is carried by the table-fellowship doctrine, not the occupational term itself.
Leprosy
Approved rendering: कोड
Transliteration: koḍ
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: λέπρα
Category: Kingdom
λέπρα — the leper healed (5:12-14) and the ten lepers (17:11-19). Theological weight lies in Jesus’ willingness to touch the excluded, not the word itself.
Centurion
Approved rendering: शताधिपती
Transliteration: śatādhipatī
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: ἑκατοντάρχης
Category: Church
ἑκατοντάρχης — faith commended (7:1-10) and confession at the crucifixion (23:47), a Jew-Gentile bookend reinforcing the Savior-for-All-Nations doctrine.
Witness
Approved rendering: साक्षी
Transliteration: sākṣī
Doctrine: Witness and Testimony to the Resurrection
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Church
μάρτυς, ‘you are witnesses of these things’ (24:48). Low risk in itself; elevated risk lies in the content witnessed to (see resurrection).
Visitation
Approved rendering: भेट दिवप
Transliteration: bheṭ divap
Doctrine: Providence
Original: ἐπισκέπτομαι
Category: God
ἐπισκέπτομαι, Benedictus (1:68, 78) and Jerusalem’s lament (19:44). A personal, purposive divine act, not chance occurrence.
Sign
Approved rendering: चिन्ह
Transliteration: cinha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Covenant
σημεῖον — the shepherds’ sign (2:12), Simeon’s sign (2:34), ‘sign of Jonah’-type sayings (11:29-30).
Cup
Approved rendering: पेला
Transliteration: pelā
Doctrine: The New Covenant and the Lord’s Supper
ποτήριον, the Last Supper cup (22:17, 20). Contextually significant but not independently doctrine-bearing beyond the new-covenant caution recorded under the covenant entry.
Referenced passages