07 — Semantic Analysis: James, Full Book

Methodology and Scope

This document analyzes the entire Epistle of James in Koine Greek, chapter by chapter, first to last. Per the PRD Phase 1 mandate, every chapter is reviewed; a chapter contributing no new load-bearing vocabulary states so explicitly rather than being silently skipped. The core passage, James 2:14–26 (Faith and Works), receives full verse-by-verse treatment as the theological anchor of the curriculum, not as the boundary of analysis.

Reuse discipline: Wherever a term already appears in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json, the recorded Konkani rendering is reused exactly, with James-specific contextual notes added only where James’s usage differs from or extends the Romans usage (most importantly δικαιόω/justification, σῴζω/save, and νόμος/law, all of which carry a different argumentative shape in James than in Romans while sharing the same underlying Greek term). New terms unique to James are assigned fresh Konkani renderings and risk tiers following the same methodology as the baseline (avoid terms colliding with Goan Hindu devotional, karmic, or ritual vocabulary; avoid Romi Konkani Catholic-specific loanwords; prefer established Konkani/Marathi Bible-society vocabulary).

Notation: Each load-bearing term is given: original Greek word, transliteration, literal meaning, semantic range, English variants (as found across major English versions), contextual theological meaning in James, and the Konkani rendering with risk tier and rationale.

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PART A — CORE PASSAGE: James 2:14–26 (Faith and Works), Verse-by-Verse

James 2:14

Greek: Τί τὸ ὄφελος, ἀδελφοί μου, ἐὰν πίστιν λέγῃ τις ἔχειν ἔργα δὲ μὴ ἔχῃ; μὴ δύναται ἡ πίστις σῶσαι αὐτόν;

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Konkani Rendering	Risk
faith	πίστις	pistis	trust, trustworthiness	personal trust/reliance; can also mean “a body of belief” (rare)	faith, belief	The professed trust that is under interrogation in this whole unit — James asks whether a merely verbal, unaccompanied “faith” is the genuine article. Must reuse baseline term.	विश्वास (REUSE, baseline High)	High
works	ἔργα	erga	deeds, actions done	concrete actions/conduct; in Paul often “works of the law” (merit-claims); in James, the observable fruit/evidence of a living faith	works, deeds, actions	NOT law-keeping-for-merit as in Paul’s polemic; here, deeds of active love and obedience that necessarily accompany real faith (cf. 2:15-16 immediately following). Direct collision risk with Hindu कर्म (karma, moral cause-effect across rebirths).	कामां (NEW — see Critical Risk Note below)	Critical
save	σῴζω	sōzō	to save, rescue, deliver	ranges from eternal/eschatological salvation to physical rescue/healing (cf. 5:15, 5:20)	save, deliver, rescue	Rhetorical question expecting “no” — a merely professed, deedless faith cannot save in the eschatological sense. This occurrence is the soteriological sense and may be rendered with तारण-family vocabulary, but must be flagged since the SAME Greek verb is used later in this letter (5:15) for ordinary physical healing — translators must not force one Konkani word to cover both senses indiscriminately.	तारावंक शकता (soteriological sense)	Critical

CRITICAL RISK NOTE — ἔργα (“works”): The Marathi/Konkani Bible-society tradition has historically rendered ἔργα with कर्म/कर्मां (from the same root as Hindu कर्म, karma). Given that the baseline glossary already explicitly rejects कर्मफळ (“fruit of karma”) for grace precisely because of this collision, this analysis recommends कामां (kāmā͠, “deeds/actions,” from the everyday, doctrinally lighter root काम) as the preferred Konkani rendering of ἔργα throughout James, rather than कर्म/कर्मां. This is a deliberate departure from one strand of prior Marathi practice, made for the same reason the baseline rejects कर्मफळ and पुण्य for grace: कर्म in devotional register too readily imports a merit-accruing, cause-and-effect-across-lifetimes framework that is precisely what James does NOT teach. James’s “works” are the necessary fruit and evidence of a faith already granted by grace (cf. 2:23, quoting the same Genesis 15:6 imputation text as Romans 4:3), not merit that earns standing. This must be flagged for mandatory theologian review at every occurrence in James 2 and reinforced with a translator’s note distinguishing कामां (deeds of active faith) from कर्म (karmic merit).

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James 2:15

Greek: ἐὰν ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἀδελφὴ γυμνοὶ ὑπάρχωσιν καὶ λειπόμενοι τῆς ἐφημέρου τροφῆς,

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
brother/sister	ἀδελφός / ἀδελφή	adelphos/adelphē	brother/sister (blood)	extended to fellow believers, church family	brother, sister	Church-family solidarity language; the “brother or sister” in need is a fellow member of the believing community, not a stranger — heightens the moral force of the illustration.	भाव / भयण	Low
naked/poorly clothed	γυμνός	gymnos	naked, bare	can mean literally unclothed or, as here, inadequately/poorly clothed	naked, poorly clothed, ill-clad	Concrete material destitution, not metaphor — sets up the practical test case for “faith without works.”	लक्कीच्या कपड्यांविणें / फाटिल्ल्या कपड्यांनी	Low
daily food	ἐφήμερος τροφή	ephēmeros trophē	food for the day	subsistence-level daily provision	daily food, food for the day	Everyday material need — the test case is deliberately mundane, not exotic, so that the illustration cannot be evaded.	दिसाचें जेवण	Low

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James 2:16

Greek: εἴπῃ δέ τις αὐτοῖς ἐξ ὑμῶν, Ὑπάγετε ἐν εἰρήνῃ, θερμαίνεσθε καὶ χορτάζεσθε, μὴ δῶτε δὲ αὐτοῖς τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τοῦ σώματος, τί τὸ ὄφελος;

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
go in peace	ὑπάγετε ἐν εἰρήνῃ	hypagete en eirēnē	go in peace	conventional parting blessing/dismissal formula	go in peace, depart in peace	IMPORTANT DISTINCTION FROM BASELINE: this is the ordinary social farewell formula, NOT the theological “peace with God” (Romans 5:1, baseline शांती doctrine). Reuse शांती as the word, but the translator’s note must clarify this occurrence is a hollow, unaction-backed platitude that James is condemning as useless — the very opposite of a load-bearing doctrinal use.	वचात शांतीन	Medium
things needed for the body	τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τοῦ σώματος	ta epitēdeia tou sōmatos	the necessary things of/for the body	material provisions necessary for bodily survival	bodily needs, what is necessary	The concrete deeds James says must accompany true faith — provision, not merely words.	कुडीक गरजेच्यो गजाली	Low

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James 2:17

Greek: οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις, ἐὰν μὴ ἔχῃ ἔργα, νεκρά ἐστιν καθ’ ἑαυτήν.

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
dead	νεκρός/νεκρά	nekra	dead, lifeless corpse	applied metaphorically to faith without accompanying action	dead, lifeless, barren	The thesis statement of the whole unit: faith unaccompanied by deeds is not weak faith but NO faith — as lifeless as a corpse. High doctrinal weight; must not be softened to “incomplete” or “immature.”	मेल्लो (विश्वास)	High
by itself / alone	καθ’ ἑαυτήν	kath’ heautēn	according to itself, in itself, on its own	isolated, unaccompanied	by itself, alone, in itself	Faith considered in total isolation from any accompanying life — an abstraction James says cannot actually exist as saving faith.	एकलो / आपणाकूच	Medium

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James 2:18

Greek: Ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, Σὺ πίστιν ἔχεις, κἀγὼ ἔργα ἔχω· δεῖξόν μοι τὴν πίστιν σου χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων, κἀγώ σοι δείξω ἐκ τῶν ἔργων μου τὴν πίστιν.

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
show/demonstrate	δεῖξον / δείξω	deixon/deixō	show, display, demonstrate, prove	evidentiary demonstration, making visible what is otherwise hidden	show, demonstrate, prove	James’s key epistemological claim: faith is invisible in itself and can only be evidenced (not created) by deeds — works are the demonstration, not the source, of faith. Critical for correctly framing the whole doctrine of “Faith and Works” against a false works-righteousness reading.	दाखोवप	High
apart from	χωρίς	chōris	without, separate from	separation, exclusion	apart from, without	Sets up the impossibility James asserts: faith cannot be shown “apart from” works because it produces no visible evidence in isolation.	बगर	Medium

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James 2:19

Greek: σὺ πιστεύεις ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ θεός, καλῶς ποιεῖς· καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν.

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
God is one	εἷς ἐστιν ὁ θεός	heis estin ho theos	God is one	monotheistic confession, echo of the Shema (Deut 6:4)	God is one, there is one God	The most basic, minimal doctrinal confession possible — James’s point is that mere intellectual assent to even this foundational truth is insufficient and, by itself, indistinguishable from demonic “belief.” Reuse देव with mandatory exclusivity marker per baseline convention.	एकच खरो देव आसा	Critical
demons	δαιμόνια	daimonia	demons, evil spirits	malevolent supernatural beings subordinate to Satan	demons, evil spirits, devils	Genuine intellectual assent without trust or obedience — even hostile supernatural beings hold correct theology. Must be distinguished from Goan folk-belief bhūt/bhūta spirits (which in local usage can include ancestral or place-spirits, not uniformly malevolent); James’s δαιμόνια are specifically evil, Satan-aligned beings.	भुतां	High
believe	πιστεύουσιν	pisteuousin	believe, hold to be true	here: cognitive assent only, without trust or relationship	believe	Deliberately shows the LOWER BOUND of what “belief” can mean — bare propositional assent, which James says is worthless for salvation. Must not be confused with the baseline’s full sense of विश्वास (personal trust) elsewhere; here the word is used ironically to show what faith is NOT sufficient to be.	विश्वास ठेवप (contrastive/ironic use)	High
shudder	φρίσσουσιν	phrissousin	to shudder, bristle with fear	visceral fear response	shudder, tremble	The demons’ correct theology produces only terror, not saving trust or obedience — underscoring that correct belief alone, without relational trust, is inert.	कांपप	Low

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James 2:20

Greek: θέλεις δὲ γνῶναι, ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ, ὅτι ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων ἀργή ἐστιν;

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
foolish/empty person	ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ	ō anthrōpe kene	O empty/vain man	κενός = empty, hollow, without substance; applied to a person, “foolish/senseless”	foolish person, empty-headed man, vain fellow	A sharp rhetorical rebuke to an imagined interlocutor defending a deedless faith — signals how seriously James regards the error.	ओ मूर्ख मनशा	Medium
useless/barren	ἀργή	argē	idle, inactive, unproductive	”not working,” barren, unproductive (variant manuscripts read νεκρά, “dead,” here as in v.17 and v.26)	useless, barren, dead, unproductive	Reinforces v.17’s “dead” — some manuscripts even read the same word νεκρά here; either way, the point is that faith cut off from works produces nothing and is not saving faith.	निकामी / फळ ना जावपी	High

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James 2:21

Greek: Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἀνενέγκας Ἰσαὰκ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον;

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
Abraham	Ἀβραάμ	Abraam	(proper name)	—	Abraham	Reuse established transliteration standard (see baseline transliteration table).	अब्राहाम	Low
justified	ἐδικαιώθη (aor. pass. of δικαιόω)	edikaiōthē	was declared/shown righteous, was vindicated	forensic declaration of righteous status (Paul’s dominant sense, cf. baseline) OR public vindication/demonstration of an already-existing righteous standing (James’s sense here)	was justified, was shown righteous, was vindicated	CENTRAL THEOLOGICAL TENSION OF THE BOOK. This is the identical Greek verb δικαιόω used in Romans 3:28 (“justified by faith apart from works of the law”) and in Romans 4, discussing this SAME episode of Abraham and Genesis 15:6. James here says Abraham “was justified by works” when he offered Isaac (Genesis 22) — an event that in the narrative sequence comes AFTER Genesis 15:6’s imputation of righteousness by faith (quoted in the very next verse, James 2:23). The resolution (and the required translator/reviewer note at every occurrence): Paul addresses the INITIAL, forensic verdict of righteous standing before God, received by faith alone, apart from meritorious works (Romans 3-4); James addresses the DEMONSTRATIVE, evidentiary vindication of that faith’s genuineness before other people/observers, shown by the works that inevitably follow real faith. Both use δικαιόω; neither contradicts the other; but a careless Konkani rendering that flattens both senses into one could produce apparent Scripture-against-Scripture confusion for a Konkani reader. MUST reuse baseline नीतिमान ठरवणें but ALWAYS append a distinguishing gloss in James: “(म्हळ्यार, विश्वासाचें प्रमाण मेळ्ळें/दाखयलें)” — “that is, the proof/evidence of his faith was given/shown.”	नीतिमान ठरवणें (REUSE, with James-specific vindication-sense gloss)	Critical
offered up	ἀνενέγκας (ptc. of ἀναφέρω)	anenenkas	having brought up, having offered (sacrificially)	cultic sacrificial-offering language	offered up, offered as a sacrifice	Recalls Genesis 22, the binding of Isaac — the paradigmatic act of costly obedience evidencing Abraham’s faith.	अर्पण केलें	Medium
altar	θυσιαστήριον	thysiastērion	place of sacrifice	the sacrificial altar	altar	OT sacrificial-system background term; needs a brief explanatory gloss for readers with low OT narrative literacy.	वेदी	Medium

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James 2:22

Greek: βλέπεις ὅτι ἡ πίστις συνήργει τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἡ πίστις ἐτελειώθη,

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
was working together / active along with	συνήργει (impf. of συνεργέω)	synērgei	was cooperating, was working together with	joint, cooperative activity — root of English “synergy”	was working with, was active along with, cooperated with	Faith and works are shown as inseparably joined in living operation — not sequential (faith, then separately works) but co-active, like a single organism’s coordinated functions.	विश्वासान कामां वांगडा मेळून काम केलें	High
was completed/perfected	ἐτελειώθη (aor. pass. of τελειόω)	eteleiōthē	was made complete/mature, was brought to its intended goal	maturation, completion, bringing to full/intended state (root cognate with τέλειος, “perfect,” James 1:4,17,25; 3:2)	was completed, was perfected, was made complete, reached maturity	Works do not CREATE faith but bring it to its full, intended, mature expression — faith reaches its designed completeness through action. Must not be rendered in a way suggesting works add something faith initially lacked in terms of justifying merit; rather, works are faith’s natural ripening.	पुराय जालो	High

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James 2:23

Greek: καὶ ἐπληρώθη ἡ γραφὴ ἡ λέγουσα, Ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ θεῷ, καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην, καὶ φίλος θεοῦ ἐκλήθη.

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
Scripture was fulfilled	ἐπληρώθη ἡ γραφή	eplērōthē hē graphē	the Scripture was filled up/fulfilled	reaching its intended fulfillment/realization	the Scripture was fulfilled	Connects the Abraham narrative (Genesis 15, 22) to its intended prophetic-typological outworking; conceptually resonant with the baseline’s Fulfillment of Prophecy doctrine, here applied to a pattern rather than a direct messianic prediction.	शास्त्र पुराय जालें	Medium
believed / it was counted to him as righteousness	ἐπίστευσεν… ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην	episteusen… elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn	he believed… it was reckoned/credited to him unto righteousness	IDENTICAL Greek clause to Romans 4:3, quoting the same Genesis 15:6 — accounting/credit metaphor for God’s gracious reckoning of righteousness to faith	it was credited/counted/reckoned to him as righteousness	This is the doctrinal heart of “imputed righteousness” — the baseline’s Critical-risk term. Reuse baseline आरोपित नीतिमत्ता EXACTLY, since this is the same original clause Romans 4:3 quotes. James is not offering a different doctrine of justification here but citing the same imputation text Paul cites — the apparent tension is resolved by the “vindication vs. initial verdict” distinction noted at v.21, not by a different meaning of ἐλογίσθη.	आरोपित नीतिमत्ता (REUSE, baseline Critical)	Critical
friend of God	φίλος θεοῦ	philos theou	friend of God	intimate covenant relationship, not merely acquaintance	friend of God	A unique honorific applied to Abraham (also 2 Chron 20:7; Isa 41:8) — denotes covenantal intimacy and trust, distinct from guru-disciple or devotee-deity (bhakta-devata) relational categories prominent in Goan Hindu devotional practice. Reuse baseline देव (with exclusivity marker already established) + इश्ट (friend, ordinary word, not baseline-flagged).	देवाचो इश्ट	High

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James 2:24

Greek: ὁρᾶτε ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος καὶ οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως μόνον.

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
is justified	δικαιοῦται (pres. pass. of δικαιόω)	dikaioutai	is declared/shown righteous	(see v.21 note)	is justified	The summary thesis-statement of the whole passage. MUST carry the same James-specific vindication-sense gloss as v.21 every time it is used, to prevent a Konkani reader from perceiving direct contradiction with Romans 3:28. This is the single highest-risk verse in the book for doctrinal confusion and requires mandatory theologian review with an explicit cross-reference note to Romans.	नीतिमान ठरता (REUSE नीतिमान ठरवणें root, with mandatory vindication-sense gloss)	Critical
by faith alone	ἐκ πίστεως μόνον	ek pisteōs monon	from faith only	faith as the sole, exclusive ground	by faith alone, from faith only	James denies that a bare, deedless intellectual assent (as in v.19’s demonic “faith”) is what he means by saving faith — he is not denying sola fide as historically defined (faith alone, but not a faith that remains alone) but denying that mere profession without any accompanying life constitutes genuine faith at all.	फकत विश्वासान (एकल्यान)	Critical

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James 2:25

Greek: ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ὑποδεξαμένη τοὺς ἀγγέλους καὶ ἑτέρᾳ ὁδῷ ἐκβαλοῦσα;

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
Rahab	Ῥαάβ	Rhaab	(proper name)	—	Rahab	New proper name for this curriculum; transliterate per established Konkani/Marathi Bible convention.	राहाब	Low
the prostitute	ἡ πόρνη	hē pornē	the prostitute, harlot	woman engaged in prostitution	the prostitute, the harlot	James deliberately pairs the towering patriarch Abraham with a Gentile prostitute as his second example — both “justified by works” flowing from genuine faith, radically undercutting any social or ethnic hierarchy of who can be shown righteous. Directly resonant with baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Universal Human Accountability doctrines and Goa’s caste-sensitivity context.	गणिका	Medium
messengers	ἀγγέλους	angelous	messengers, envoys (here: human spies, not angelic beings)	ἄγγελος ranges from ordinary human messenger to angelic being; context (Joshua 2) makes clear these are human spies	messengers, spies	Must NOT be rendered with a Konkani word implying angelic/celestial beings — context requires “spies” or “messengers” in the mundane sense.	गुप्तचार / धाडिल्ले मनीस	Medium
justified	ἐδικαιώθη	edikaiōthē	(see v.21)	—	was justified	Same term, same vindication-by-evidence sense as vv.21, 24.	नीतिमान ठरली (REUSE, with vindication-sense gloss)	Critical

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James 2:26

Greek: ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν, οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν.

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
body	σῶμα	sōma	physical body	the human body	body	Concrete physical illustration for the abstract theological point that follows.	कूड	Low
spirit	πνεῦμα	pneuma	breath, spirit, life-force	can mean the Holy Spirit (πνεῦμα ἅγιον, baseline Critical term), the human spirit/breath of life, or wind — HERE it is the human life-breath/animating spirit, NOT the Holy Spirit	spirit, breath of life	MUST NOT be rendered with पवित्र आत्मा (baseline’s exclusive rendering for the Holy Spirit). Here πνεῦμα is the ordinary life-breath that animates a body; a body without it is a corpse. Render with a plain term for “life-breath/spirit” distinct from the Trinity-referring पवित्र आत्मा, to avoid implying the Holy Spirit’s departure/absence causes physical death, which is not James’s point.	जीव / प्राण	High
dead	νεκρόν / νεκρά	nekron/nekra	dead	—	dead, lifeless	Closing summary restating v.17’s thesis: faith without works is as dead as a body without its animating spirit — the passage’s final, climactic statement.	मेल्लें / मेल्लो	High

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PART B — CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER STUDY OF THE WHOLE BOOK

Chapter 1 — Trials, Wisdom, the Word, and True Religion

Chapter 1 introduces the epistle’s greeting and three of the curriculum’s nine doctrines: Trials and the Testing of Faith, Wisdom from Above (first mention), and groundwork for Worldliness versus Friendship with God (via “pure religion… unstained by the world”).

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
servant/slave	δοῦλος	doulos	slave, bondservant	owned servant; in NT epistolary openings, a term of devoted, willing submission to Christ, not degrading social slavery	servant, bondservant, slave	James identifies himself as Christ’s δοῦλος — total devoted allegiance, an identity marker, not a social-status complaint.	दास	Medium
twelve tribes in the Dispersion	ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς… ἐν τῇ διασπορᾷ	tais dōdeka phylais… en tē diaspora	the twelve tribes in the scattering	the historic diaspora of Jewish (and by extension Jewish-Christian) communities outside the land of Israel	the twelve tribes scattered abroad, the Dispersion	Requires OT background gloss; audience given low OT narrative literacy per baseline assumption.	प्रवासांत पांगिल्ल्यो बारा वंशा	Medium
trial(s)	πειρασμός	peirasmos	test, trial	ranges between (a) an external circumstance that tests/proves faith (positive sense, 1:2-3,12) and (b) an internal enticement to sin (negative sense, 1:13-14) — SAME Greek word, two senses, disambiguated by context	trial, test, temptation	James 1:2-3 uses the positive sense (trials that produce steadfastness); 1:13-14 explicitly denies God is the source of the negative sense (enticement to sin, from one’s own desire). Konkani must use two distinct words to prevent collapsing this crucial distinction.	परीक्षा (trial-sense) / मोह (temptation-sense)	High
testing (of your faith)	δοκίμιον	dokimion	the tested/proven genuineness, the process/means of testing	the proving process that verifies authenticity, like assaying metal	testing, genuineness, proven character	The refining process by which authentic faith is verified and matured — connects directly to the doctrine “Trials and the Testing of Faith.”	परीक्षण	High
steadfastness/endurance	ὑπομονή	hypomonē	remaining under, endurance	patient perseverance under pressure, active not merely passive endurance	steadfastness, endurance, perseverance, patience	The intended fruit of trials (1:3-4) and, in 5:11, exemplified by Job. Distinguished from μακροθυμία (patience/forbearance, ch.5) — ὑπομονή is endurance UNDER pressure/trial specifically.	स्थिरता	High
perfect and complete	τέλειοι καὶ ὁλόκληροι	teleioi kai holoklēroi	perfect/mature and whole/entire	τέλειος = reaching intended maturity/completeness (not sinless perfection); ὁλόκληρος = whole in every part	perfect and complete, mature and whole, fully developed	AVOID सिद्ध (which strongly evokes the Hindu/Jain concept of a spiritually “perfected being” attained through ascetic practice or liberation). Use पुराय (complete/whole) for both terms in combination, or पुराय + परिपूर्ण, explicitly rejecting सिद्ध.	पुराय आनी सगळो	High
wisdom	σοφία	sophia	wisdom, skill in living	practical, God-given skill for righteous living under trial, distinct from mere cleverness or accumulated knowledge	wisdom	First occurrence of the “Wisdom from Above” doctrine (fully developed in ch.3) — the wisdom needed to endure trials well is itself a gift to be requested from God, not a human achievement. AVOID प्रज्ञा (heavy Buddhist/Hindu philosophical resonance) and plain ज्ञान (mere “knowledge,” too intellectualist).	शहाणपण	High
doubt / doubting	διακρίνω	diakrinō	to be divided in judgment, to waver, doubt	uncertainty, internal division of mind	doubt, waver	Connected to “double-minded” below — doubting prayer pictured as a wave tossed by the sea (1:6).	संशय करप	Medium
double-minded	δίψυχος	dipsychos	double-souled, two-minded	internal division of loyalty/will, instability	double-minded, two-faced, wavering	A distinctively Jamesian coinage (also 4:8) describing a person torn between trust in God and worldly self-reliance — not mere intellectual uncertainty but divided allegiance.	दोन मनांचो	Medium
desire/lust	ἐπιθυμία	epithymia	strong desire, craving	can be neutral (desire) or, as here (1:14-15), the internal, self-originating pull toward sin	desire, lust, craving, evil desire	AVOID वासना (which in regional Hindu philosophical usage denotes latent karmic desire-impressions carried across rebirths — a direct doctrinal collision with the very point James is making about desire’s origin and consequence).	दुर्वासना	High
Father of lights	ὁ πατὴρ τῶν φώτων	ho patēr tōn phōtōn	the Father of the lights	God as the unchanging source of heavenly luminaries (sun, moon, stars) — a title emphasizing divine constancy against shifting shadow	Father of lights, Father of the heavenly lights	Reuse baseline पिता; append “ज्योतींचो” (of the lights) with a note that this is Creator-imagery (source of the sun, moon, stars), not devotional light/lamp (ज्योती, आरती) ritual imagery common in Goan Hindu and Konkani Catholic practice alike.	ज्योतींचो पिता	Medium
brought forth (by the word of truth)	ἀπεκύησεν	apekyēsen	gave birth to, brought forth	begetting/birth metaphor for God’s act of regenerating believers	brought forth, gave birth to	Regeneration imagery — God, not human effort, is the active agent of spiritual birth. Must not be confused with the forbidden पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation); this is a single, decisive spiritual begetting through the gospel, not entry into a cycle.	जल्म दिलो	High
word of truth	λόγος ἀληθείας	logos alētheias	word of truth	the gospel message as God’s true, authoritative word	word of truth, message of truth	The instrument of the new birth just mentioned — the gospel itself.	सत्याचें वचन	Medium
implanted word	ἔμφυτος λόγος	emphytos logos	in-planted/rooted-in word	the gospel word as an internally rooted, growing implant, not merely external instruction	implanted word, engrafted word	Organic growth metaphor — the word must be “received” and allowed to take root and bear fruit, connecting to the doer/hearer contrast that follows.	रोविल्लें वचन	Medium
doer (of the word)	ποιητής (λόγου)	poiētēs (logou)	one who does/makes, a doer	one who practices/obeys, contrasted with a mere hearer	doer, one who does, practitioner	The chapter’s climactic ethical demand — echoes forward into the Faith and Works doctrine of ch.2. Use a plain “one who obeys/keeps” formulation; avoid कर्ता where it might evoke a karmic-agent connotation, though as a grammatical agentive noun risk here is lower than for कर्म itself.	वचन पाळणारो	Medium
hearer (only)	ἀκροατής (μόνον)	akroatēs (monon)	one who merely listens	passive reception without corresponding action	hearer only, listener only	The negative counterpart to “doer” — direct forerunner of James 2:14-26’s argument.	फकत ऐकणारो	Medium
perfect law of liberty	νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας	nomos teleios tēs eleutherias	the perfect law of freedom	the moral law fulfilled/completed in Christ and internalized by grace, experienced as liberating rather than merely restrictive	perfect law of liberty, law of freedom	Reuse baseline नियमशास्त्र; append “पुराय” and “स्वातंत्र्याचें.” Must be clarified as a positive, gracious framework for obedient living empowered by the Spirit — NOT a return to merit-based, legalistic law-observance, nor an equivalent to dharmic cosmic-duty categories the baseline explicitly rejects for νόμος.	स्वातंत्र्याचें पुराय नियमशास्त्र	High
religion (pure and undefiled)	θρησκεία	thrēskeia	religious observance, cultic practice	the outward expression/practice of devotion to God	religion, religious observance, worship practice	James defines “pure religion” practically and ethically (caring for orphans and widows, staying unstained by the world) rather than ritually. AVOID धर्म (baseline-forbidden, duty/dharma collision) and भक्ती (baseline-forbidden for “faith,” bhakti-devotional-worship collision). Recommend देवसेवा (“service of God”), reusing सेवा-family vocabulary already present in the baseline’s Christ-Centered Ministry doctrine without negative flag.	देवसेवा	Critical
orphans and widows	ὀρφανοί καὶ χῆραι	orphanoi kai chērai	orphans and widows	the paradigmatic vulnerable persons of ancient society, objects of covenant care throughout Scripture	orphans and widows	Concrete ethical content of “pure religion” — practical, sacrificial care for the vulnerable.	अनाथ आनी विधवा	Low
world (unstained by)	κόσμος	kosmos	world, ordered system, worldly society	the created order; or, as here and throughout James (esp. ch.4), the God-opposed value-system of fallen human society	world, worldly system, the world	CRITICAL: NEVER संसार. संसार in Konkani/Marathi religious register denotes worldly existence within the cycle of birth-and-rebirth (closely tied to the baseline’s forbidden मुक्ती/मोक्ष concept) — using it here would import exactly the wrong cosmology. Use जग, a more religiously neutral word for “world/society.”	जग	Critical

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Chapter 2 — Favoritism and the Poor (2:1–13); Faith and Works (2:14–26, see Part A above)

Only vv.1–13 are treated here as new material; vv.14–26 receive full verse-by-verse treatment in Part A.

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
favoritism/partiality	προσωποληψία	prosōpolēpsia	face-receiving, respect of persons	showing partiality based on external status/appearance	favoritism, partiality, respect of persons	James condemns favoring the rich visitor over the poor one in the assembly — directly resonant with, and doctrinally reinforcing, the baseline’s caste-sensitivity notes under “Unity of Jews and Gentiles” and “Universal Human Accountability,” acutely relevant given Goa’s own caste-conscious social structure (including Goud Saraswat Brahmin and other groupings).	पक्षपात	High
assembly/synagogue	συναγωγή	synagōgē	synagogue, assembly, gathering	James’s unusual use of συναγωγή (rather than ἐκκλησία) for the Christian gathering here reflects the letter’s early, Jewish-Christian setting	assembly, meeting, synagogue	Note the distinct Greek word choice from the baseline’s ἐκκλησία/मंडळी; render with a plain “gathering/assembly” (सभा) rather than मंडळी, to preserve the textual distinction for reviewers, while noting the referent (a Christian gathering) is functionally the same community the baseline calls मंडळी.	सभा	Medium
poor	πτωχός	ptōchos	poor, destitute	economic poverty, sometimes with an added sense of pious dependence on God (cf. “poor in spirit”)	poor, poor person	The specific test case of favoritism — God’s special regard for the poor believer runs through this whole unit (2:5).	गरीब	Medium
rich	πλούσιος	plousios	rich, wealthy	economic wealth, often with a negative moral coloring in James (cf. 5:1-6)	rich, wealthy	The contrasted party in the favoritism illustration; James notes it is often the rich who oppress and drag believers into court (2:6-7).	श्रीमंत	Medium
royal law	νόμος βασιλικός	nomos basilikos	kingly/royal law	the law of love for neighbor (Lev 19:18), described as “royal” because it is the law of the Kingdom / given by the King	royal law, sovereign law	Reuse baseline नियमशास्त्र; append राजकी (royal). Connects law positively to the Kingdom of God doctrine already present in the baseline.	राजकी नियम	Medium

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Chapter 3 — Taming the Tongue; Wisdom from Above (developed)

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
teacher(s)	διδάσκαλος	didaskalos	teacher, instructor	one who instructs others, held to stricter accountability (3:1)	teacher, instructor	AVOID गुरू — the baseline already flags गुरू as carrying the full weight of Goan guru-disciple religious-authority structures; the same caution applies here. Use the neutral, secular-register शिक्षक.	शिक्षक	Medium
tongue	γλῶσσα	glōssa	tongue (organ); by extension, speech	the organ of speech and, metonymically, speech itself, described as untamable and capable of great harm	tongue, speech	Central image of the whole chapter’s ethical teaching; no significant syncretism risk, but note the extended body-part metaphors (bit, rudder, small fire) that follow.	जीब	Low
world of unrighteousness	κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας	kosmos tēs adikias	a world/system of unrighteousness	the tongue characterized as an entire self-contained system of evil	a world of unrighteousness, an unrighteous world	Reuse जग (never संसार, per ch.1 note) + अनीतिमत्ता (negation of baseline’s नीतिमत्ता — good internal consistency).	अनीतिमत्तेचें जग	Medium
hell/Gehenna	γέεννα	geenna	Gehenna (Valley of Hinnom); by NT usage, the place of final judgment/hell	the NT’s standard term for final eschatological punishment, drawn from the geographic Valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem	hell, Gehenna	Flag for careful handling: a plain नरक rendering risks assimilation to the Hindu/Buddhist concept of narak as a temporary, purgatorial suffering-realm within the cycle of rebirth (samsara), whereas γέεννα in James denotes a specific, final, non-cyclical judgment. Recommend transliteration गेहेन्ना with an explanatory translator’s note, or, where नरक is used for readability, always attach a distinguishing gloss.	गेहेन्ना (transliterated, with gloss)	High
image/likeness of God	καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν θεοῦ γεγονότας	kath’ homoiōsin theou gegonotas	made according to the likeness of God	human beings as bearing God’s image/likeness — foundational anthropological doctrine underlying the wrongness of cursing people	made in the likeness/image of God	James’s argument against cursing people with the same tongue that blesses God rests on this doctrine — every person, of any caste or status, bears God’s likeness, reinforcing the Universal Human Accountability doctrine’s anti-caste-hierarchy force.	देवाच्या सारक्यान रचिल्लें	High
wisdom (from above vs. earthly)	σοφία ἄνωθεν… ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης	sophia anōthen… epigeios, psychikē, daimoniōdēs	wisdom from above… earthly, soulish/natural, demonic	ἄνωθεν = “from above” (heavenly origin); ἐπίγειος = “earthly” (this-worldly origin); ψυχική = “soulish/natural” (merely human, unaided by the Spirit); δαιμονιώδης = “demonic” (Satan-originated)	wisdom from above vs. earthly/unspiritual/demonic wisdom	The chapter’s central contrast, developing ch.1’s introduction of wisdom. ψυχική must be rendered as “merely human/natural” (मनीसपणाचें), not confused with Holy-Spirit-given wisdom; δαιμονιώδης uses the same भुतां/सैतानी-family caution as elsewhere.	वयल्यान येवपी शहाणपण (from above) / पृथ्वीचें, मनीसपणाचें, भूतकी (earthly, natural, demonic)	High
meekness/gentleness	πραΰτης	prautēs	meekness, gentleness	strength under control, not weakness	meekness, gentleness	The manner in which true wisdom is displayed (3:13); pairs with “good conduct.”	सौम्यता	Medium
fruit of righteousness	καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης	karpos dikaiosynēs	fruit of righteousness	the outcome/produce of righteous, peace-making conduct	fruit of righteousness	Reuse baseline नीतिमत्ता; the “fruit” (फळ) imagery connects to Faith-and-Works doctrine — righteous living, like faith, is known by its fruit.	नीतिमत्तेचें फळ	High
envy/jealousy; selfish ambition	ζῆλος, φθόνος; ἐριθεία	zēlos, phthonos; eritheia	jealousy, envy; selfish rivalry/ambition	the vices that produce “earthly” wisdom’s disorder	jealousy, envy; selfish ambition	Roots of the disorder James contrasts with heavenly wisdom’s peaceable fruit.	ईर्षा, मत्सर; स्वार्थीपण	Low

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Chapter 4 — Worldliness versus Friendship with God

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
passions/pleasures	ἡδοναί	hēdonai	pleasures	inordinate desire for sensory/self-gratifying pleasure, root of the “wars and fightings” among believers	passions, pleasures, desires for pleasure	Care needed: a plain भोग (bhoga, sensory enjoyment) can evoke the Hindu bhoga/moksha (enjoyment vs. renunciation) polarity; use with a qualifying adjective (वाईट भोग, “evil/disordered pleasures”) to keep the focus on disordered desire rather than invoking that specific philosophical framework.	वाईट भोग / अनिर्बंध सुख	Medium
desire (and do not have)	ἐπιθυμεῖτε	epithymeite	you desire, covet	(see ch.1 ἐπιθυμία note)	you desire, you covet	Same term-family caution as ch.1 — avoid वासना.	तुमी दुर्वासना करतात	High
friendship with the world	φιλία τοῦ κόσμου	philia tou kosmou	friendship with the world	intimate, allegiance-implying association with the God-opposed value system (κόσμος, see ch.1)	friendship with the world	Reuse जग (never संसार). “Friendship” here is इश्टागत — an everyday word for ordinary friendship, appropriately NOT the baseline’s सहभागिता (koinonia/fellowship, reserved for shared participation in Christ), since this is a negative, worldly parallel, not the positive doctrinal term.	जगा वांगडा इश्टागत	High
enmity with God	ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ	echthra tou theou	enmity/hostility with God	the state of hostile opposition to God resulting from worldly friendship	enmity with God, hostility toward God	The stark either/or James poses — no neutral middle ground. Reuse देव with exclusivity marker where doctrinally load-bearing.	देवा वांगडा वैर	High
adulteresses (spiritual)	μοιχαλίδες	moichalides	adulteresses	metaphorical, covenant-unfaithfulness language (echoing OT prophetic marriage-covenant imagery), not a literal accusation	adulterers and adulteresses, unfaithful ones	Must be signaled as covenant-metaphor (spiritual unfaithfulness to God), not a literal charge of sexual sin against the readers.	व्यभिचारी	Medium
resist the devil	ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ	antistēte tō diabolō	resist/stand against the devil	active spiritual resistance against a personal, singular cosmic adversary	resist the devil	Recommend सैतान (the established Christian loanword) over राक्षस, which in regional usage evokes specific Puranic demon-figures (e.g. Ravana) rather than the NT’s singular, personal tempter/accuser.	सैतान	High
draw near to God	ἐγγίσατε τῷ θεῷ	engisate tō theō	draw near/approach God	relational approach/access, echoing priestly-access language	draw near to God, come close to God	Positive counterpart to resisting the devil; direct, personal access to God through Christ (cf. baseline’s Prayer/Intercession doctrine).	देवाजवळ सर्पात	Medium
humble yourselves	ταπεινώθητε	tapeinōthēte	be humbled, humble yourselves	voluntary self-lowering before God, contrasted with proud self-exaltation	humble yourselves	Standard virtue term; James promises God will exalt the humble (4:10).	लीन जावचे	Low
if the Lord wills	Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ	ean ho kyrios thelēsē	if the Lord wills/should will	acknowledgment of God’s sovereign governance over human plans	if the Lord wills, God willing	Reuse baseline प्रभू; conceptually resonant with the baseline’s providence doctrine (देवाची तरतूद) — human planning is properly subordinated to God’s sovereign will, not fatalistic resignation (नशीब/प्रारब्ध, both baseline-forbidden for providence).	प्रभूची इच्छा जाल्यार	Medium

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Chapter 5 — Warnings to the Rich; Patience and the Lord’s Return; Prayer and Healing; Confession and Restoration

Term	Original	Translit	Literal	Semantic Range	English Variants	Contextual Meaning	Konkani	Risk
Lord of Sabaoth/hosts	κύριος Σαβαώθ	kyrios Sabaōth	Lord of Hosts/Armies	a Hebrew military-royal divine title (transliterated even into Greek), emphasizing God’s sovereign command over heavenly and earthly forces	Lord of Hosts, Lord of Sabaoth, Lord Almighty	Reuse baseline प्रभू; transliterate Sabaoth with an explanatory gloss (“Lord of Hosts/Armies”) since the Hebrew title itself is retained untranslated even in the Greek text.	प्रभू सबाथ (सैन्यांचो प्रभू)	Medium
patience	μακροθυμία	makrothymia	long-suffering, forbearance	patient waiting/forbearance, especially toward others or toward a future outcome — distinguished from ὑπομονή (steadfastness under trial, ch.1) by its emphasis on FORBEARANCE while waiting, illustrated by a farmer awaiting harvest	patience, longsuffering, forbearance	Central term of the “Patience and the Lord’s Return” doctrine (5:7-8, 5:10). Use a term distinguishable from ch.1’s स्थिरता; धीर (patience/composure) is preferred here.	धीर	High
coming (of the Lord)	παρουσία (τοῦ κυρίου)	parousia (tou kyriou)	arrival, presence, coming	the technical NT term for Christ’s future, personal, visible return	coming, arrival, Parousia, second coming	Must be distinguished, per the same logic as the baseline’s Incarnation caution, from any repeated/cyclical avatar-descent concept — this is Christ’s one, still-future, personal return, not a recurring appearance.	प्रभूचें येणें	High
establish your hearts	στηρίξατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	stērixate tas kardias hymōn	strengthen/fix firmly your hearts	inner steadfastness in anticipation of the Lord’s coming	establish your hearts, strengthen your hearts	Connects patience (μακροθυμία) to inner resolve while awaiting the Parousia.	काळजां घट्ट धरात	Medium
Judge (standing at the door)	ὁ κριτής	ho kritēs	the judge	Christ as eschatological Judge, imminently present	the Judge, judge	Reuse देव/प्रभू conceptually; न्यायाधीश (judge) is the standard judicial term, needing a note that this is the divine Judge, not merely a human magistrate.	न्यायाधीश	Medium
Job’s steadfastness	ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ	hypomonē Iōb	the endurance of Job	reuse ch.1’s ὑπομονή term-family; Job as the OT paradigm of patient endurance under severe trial	the patience/endurance of Job	Reuse स्थिरता (ch.1); Job transliterated per established convention.	इयोबाची स्थिरता	Medium
oath (do not swear)	ὀμνύω	omnyō	to swear (an oath)	invoking a higher power/object to guarantee truthfulness	swear, take an oath	James’s instruction toward simple truthfulness (“let your yes be yes”) rather than oath-taking.	आन घेवप	Low
sick	ἀσθενεῖ	asthenei	is weak, is sick	physical illness/weakness	is sick, is weak, is ill	Introduces the Prayer and Healing doctrine’s central case.	पिडेस्त आसा	Medium
elders (of the church)	πρεσβύτεροι (τῆς ἐκκλησίας)	presbyteroi (tēs ekklēsias)	elders (of the assembly)	recognized, appointed spiritual leaders of the local congregation	elders, church elders	Reuse baseline मंडळी; वडील (elder/respected senior) avoids the guru-disciple connotations already flagged for teacher/apostle terms.	मंडळीचे वडील	High
anoint with oil	ἀλείψαντες ἐλαίῳ	aleipsantes elaiō	having anointed with oil	a simple accompanying act of faith and blessing during prayer for the sick, not a sacrament with independent efficacy	anoint with oil	Must be distinguished from Hindu ritual oil-anointing of deity images (abhishekam) and from any sense that the oil itself, apart from prayer offered “in the name of the Lord,” effects healing.	तेल घालप	Medium
save (the sick)/heal	σῴζω / ἰάομαι	sōzō / iaomai	save/heal	Same verb σῴζω as 2:14 and elsewhere for eternal salvation, but HERE (5:15) denoting physical healing/restoration to health	will save, will heal, will make well	CRITICAL DISAMBIGUATION REQUIRED. Rendering this occurrence with तारण (baseline’s reserved eternal-salvation term) would wrongly import full soteriological weight into a statement about physical healing, and could mislead hearers into thinking physical healing is promised with the same certainty/mechanism as eternal salvation. Render with बरें करप / बरो जावप (“make well / become well”) instead of तारण-family vocabulary at 5:15-16’s healing sense.	बरें करप (healing sense — NOT तारण)	Critical
raise up	ἐγερεῖ	egerei	will raise up	restoration from sickness to health/strength, lifting from a sickbed	will raise him up	Must be distinguished from पुनरुत्थान (baseline’s reserved term for Christ’s/the final bodily resurrection). Use उठोवप (“lift/raise up”), a plain verb for restoration to health, not the theologically loaded resurrection term.	उठोवप (NOT पुनरुत्थान)	High
confess (your sins)	ἐξομολογεῖσθε	exomologeisthe	confess, acknowledge openly	mutual, horizontal confession among believers	confess your sins (to one another)	Central to the “Confession and Restoration” doctrine. Must be distinguished, for Goan Catholic-background hearers particularly, from the Catholic sacrament of Confession/Reconciliation to a priest — James commands MUTUAL confession among believers, not sacramental auricular confession to clergy.	पापांची कबुली दिवप (mutual, non-sacramental)	High
effective prayer	δέησις… ἐνεργουμένη	deēsis… energoumenē	prayer… being worked/operating (i.e., “effectual,” “at work,” “prevailing”)	prayer empowered and made effective by the Spirit, not a magical formula or merit-based technique	effective prayer, prayer that is working, the prayer of a righteous person avails much	Reuse baseline नीतिमान (righteous) adjective family. Emphasize Spirit-empowered access to God (cf. baseline’s Intercession doctrine), not ritual efficacy earned by the one praying’s own merit.	परिणामकारक प्रार्थना	High
turn back (a sinner)	ἐπιστρέψῃ	epistrepsē	turns back, converts	restoration of a straying/backslidden believer to right relationship with God	turns back, brings back, restores	The concluding restoration doctrine — recovering one who has wandered from truth, a pastoral/relational act, distinct from ritual re-initiation.	परत आणप	High
save a soul from death	σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου	sōsei psychēn ek thanatou	will save a soul from death	HERE, unlike 5:15, this IS the full soteriological/eternal sense — rescuing a straying believer’s soul from spiritual death	will save a soul from death	Contrast carefully with 5:15’s healing sense of the same root verb: here, reuse तारण-family vocabulary, since the referent is spiritual/eternal rescue, not physical healing. This deliberate contrast across a single chapter is an important teaching point for translators.	जिवाक मरणांतल्यान तारप (soteriological sense — REUSE तारण family)	Critical
cover a multitude of sins	καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν	kalypsei plēthos hamartiōn	will cover a multitude of sins	the gracious, gospel-restoring effect of bringing a wanderer back — not an act of self-earned atonement	will cover a multitude of sins	Reuse baseline पाप; “cover” (पांघरूण घालप) must not be read as human effort earning atonement — the covering is the gracious FRUIT of gospel-restoration ministry, not its meritorious CAUSE.	पापांचेर पांघरूण घालप	Medium
crown of life	στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς	stephanos tēs zōēs	crown of life	eschatological reward for enduring trial (1:12), a victor’s-wreath image	crown of life	Note: मुकुट (crown) can evoke images of deity-crowns in regional iconography; clarify as an eschatological reward image for the one who endures trial, unrelated to any deity’s ornamental crown.	जिविताचो मुकुट	Medium

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Summary Table: Chapters Contributing No New Terms

No chapter of James is without theologically load-bearing vocabulary; all five chapters have been analyzed above with new or reused terms. (James is a short, densely didactic letter; unlike longer narrative books, every chapter carries distinct doctrinal freight relevant to this curriculum’s nine assigned doctrines.)

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This document extends, and in all overlapping cases defers to, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. See analysis/08_core_glossary.md for the consolidated per-term glossary table covering every chapter of James.