Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philemon (English/Koine Greek → Konkani)
Coverage Note
Philemon is a single-chapter, 25-verse epistle. This glossary cites terms from every part of that one chapter: the salutation (1:1–3), the thanksgiving (1:4–7), the core passage (1:8–21), and the closing (1:22–25) — full-book coverage achieved via full-chapter coverage, per the PRD mandate.
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Deviation Permitted)
These terms already exist in the Romans translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly as recorded. They are listed here for completeness, not re-defined.
| English term | Konkani rendering | Risk (baseline) | Occurs in Philemon at |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | देव | Critical | 1:3, 1:4 |
| Lord | प्रभू | Critical | 1:3, 1:5, 1:16, 1:20, 1:25 |
| Father | पिता | Critical | 1:3 |
| Jesus | येशू | Critical | 1:1, 1:3, 1:9, 1:25 |
| Christ | ख्रिस्त | Critical | throughout |
| Grace | कृपा | High | 1:3, 1:25 |
| Faith | विश्वास | High | 1:5, 1:6 |
| Gospel | सुवार्ता | High | 1:13 |
| Fellowship (κοινωνία) | सहभागिता | Low | 1:6 |
| Saints | पवित्र जन | High | 1:5, 1:7 |
| Church | मंडळी | Medium | 1:2 |
| Thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | 1:4 |
| Exhort/appeal (παρακαλέω) | विनवणी (entreaty sense) / उत्तेजन देणें (encouragement sense) | Low | 1:9, 1:10 |
| Imputed righteousness (root आरोपित) | आरोपित नीतिमत्ता (root reused for ἐλλογέω below) | Critical | thematic echo at 1:18 |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by Philemon
Organized by curriculum doctrine. Every entry follows the same schema as the Romans baseline: translation, transliteration, risk, doctrine, rejected alternatives, notes.
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
| Term | Original | Konkani | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| slave/bondservant | δοῦλος (doulos) | दास (dās) | Critical | गुलाम (flagged as viable alternative, not fully rejected — see notes) | दास is the established regional Bible-translation term but collides with the Goan Hindu bhakti tradition’s devotional self-designation “dev-das” (servant of God, used by Varkari poet-saints as an honored voluntary identity). Philemon 1:16 names actual involuntary social bondage. EVERY occurrence must carry a social/legal qualifier (e.g. “सामाजिक दास”) distinguishing it from devotional usage. Recommend theologian + native-speaker joint review before Phase 2 lock-in. गुलाम (Perso-Arabic loan, unambiguous chattel-slavery sense) is available as an alternative if दास proves too devotionally loaded in field testing. |
| more than a slave | ὑπὲρ δοῦλον | दासापरस चड | Critical | — | Inherits δοῦλος’s risk; this phrase is the doctrinal center of the letter (v.16) and must never be softened or generalized. |
| useless / useful | ἄχρηστος / εὔχρηστος | निरुपेगी / उपेगी | Medium | निकामी/कामाचो (considered, less standard register) | Wordplay on Onesimus’s name (“useful”) is lost in Konkani; requires a translator’s note to preserve rhetorical force. |
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
| Term | Original | Konkani | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| brother / sister | ἀδελφός / ἀδελφή | भाव / भयण | High | भाऊ/बहीण (rejected: Marathi forms, not authentic Konkani) | Word itself unambiguous; risk is doctrinal-weight-driven — applying kinship language across a master-slave divide (v.16) is radically countercultural in a still status-conscious regional setting. |
| beloved | ἀγαπητός | मोगाळ | Low-Medium | प्रिय (considered; less lexically connected to मोग) | Built on the established मोग (love) root for internal glossary consistency. |
| in the flesh | ἐν σαρκί | देहान | Medium | — | Neutral usage here (natural/social relation), NOT the negative sin-flesh sense found in Romans; requires a distinguishing translator’s note. |
| in the Lord | ἐν κυρίῳ | प्रभूंत | High | — | Connects to baseline’s “christian_identity_in_christ” doctrine family; render consistently with any future “in Christ” (ख्रिस्तांत) occurrences. |
| partner | κοινωνός | सहभागी | Medium | भागीदार (considered; more commercial-transactional register) | Deliberately shares its root with baseline’s सहभागिता (fellowship) to keep the lexical family visible. |
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
| Term | Original | Konkani | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| charge to one’s account / impute | ἐλλογέω (ellogeō) | आरोपित करणें | Critical | क्षमा करप् (rejected: “simply forgive,” would erase the imputation echo) | Directly parallels the baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry (root आरोपित, from ἐλογίσθη, Romans 4:3). Paul’s request — “charge this to my account” — is a real-life enactment of substitutionary imputation and should be taught in this curriculum as illustrating that doctrine concretely. Must not be flattened to generic “forgive.” |
| receive/welcome | προσλαμβάνω (proslambanō) | स्वीकार करणें | High | मान्य करप् (considered; weaker, more “approve” than “welcome”) | The key reconciliation-action verb (v.17); must convey full, equal welcome, not conditional or grudging readmission. |
| wrong/do injustice | ἀδικέω (adikeō) | अन्याय करणें | Low-Medium | — | Standard. |
| owe/be indebted | ὀφείλω (opheilō) | ऋणी आसप | Medium | — | Financial-metaphor register matching the accounting language of vv.18–19. |
| owe besides (owe one’s very self) | προσοφείλω (prosopheilō) | वयर देणें आसप | Medium-High | — | Carries a spiritual-debt undertone (Philemon owes Paul his own conversion); flag in teaching notes. |
| repay in full | ἀποτίνω (apotinō) | परत फारीक करणें | Medium | — | “फारीक करप” is a natural Konkani idiom for settling an account. |
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
| Term | Original | Konkani | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| boldness/confidence | παρρησία (parrēsia) | धैर्य | Medium | — | Must be anchored “in Christ” so it reads as gospel-grounded, not personal assertiveness. |
| command (with authority) | ἐπιτάσσω (epitassō) | आज्ञा करणें | Medium | हुकूम करप् (considered; more colloquial/military) | Deliberately shares root with baseline-adjacent आज्ञाधारकता (obedience) to preserve the command/obedience contrast visible in Konkani. |
| what is fitting/proper (duty) | ἀνῆκον (anēkon) | योग्य | High | कर्तव्य (rejected: risks a dharma-adjacent duty register, paralleling baseline’s rejection of धर्म for “law”/“righteousness”) | Names the duty-based option Paul explicitly rejects in favor of love-motivated appeal. |
| old man / ambassador | πρεσβύτης (presbytēs, variant πρεσβευτής) | ज्येष्ठ मनीस | Low-Medium | — | Textual-variant flag: “ambassador” reading would tie to Paul’s “ambassador for Christ” self-description elsewhere (2 Cor 5:20). |
| prisoner (of Christ) | δέσμιος (desmios) | बंदी | Medium | कैदी (considered; more colloquial, ordinary-criminal connotation) | Must be paired with “ख्रिस्ताखातीर” (for Christ’s sake) to avoid a criminal-imprisonment reading. |
| child (spiritual) | τέκνον (teknon) | पुत्र | Medium | भुरगें (considered; too generic, loses filial dignity) | Must be distinguished by translator’s note from देवाचो पुत्र (Son of God, Critical baseline term) — different referent, human spiritual fatherhood. |
| beget (spiritually) | γεννάω (gennaō) | जल्म दिवणें | Medium | — | Conversion-language; must not be conflated with पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation), by the same logic the baseline applies to “resurrection.” |
| heart/inmost affection | σπλάγχνα (splanchna) | अंतःकरण | Medium | काळीज (noted as an available higher-vividness alternative) | Occurs at 1:7, 1:12, 1:20 forming a deliberate inclusio; must be rendered identically at all three occurrences. |
| minister/serve | διακονέω (diakoneō) | सेवा करणें | Low | — | Standard. |
| refresh/give rest | ἀναπαύω (anapauō) | विसव दिवणें | Medium | ताजो करप् (considered; more physical-refreshment register) | Completes the σπλάγχνα inclusio (1:7 / 1:20); render consistently. |
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
| Term | Original | Konkani | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compulsion/necessity | ἀνάγκη (anankē) | सक्ती | High | जबरदस्ती (considered; near-synonym, more colloquial) | Given Goa’s history of coercive conversion under the Portuguese-era Goa Inquisition (already flagged repeatedly in the baseline), this term carries sharp local resonance. Paul explicitly rejects सक्ती as a motive for goodness — a direct biblical anchor for the baseline’s own invitational, non-coercive principle. |
| voluntary/free will | ἑκούσιον (hekousion) | स्वखुशीन | High | खुशेनं (considered; adverbial, less noun-like for doctrinal emphasis) | Positive pole opposite सक्ती in the same verse (1:14); teach as a fixed contrastive pair, paralleling baseline’s कृपा/कर्मफळ (grace/merit) contrast. |
| consent/opinion | γνώμη (gnōmē) | संमती | Medium | — | Names the free-consent basis of Paul’s request; models non-coercive relationship. |
| obedience | ὑπακοή (hypakoē) | आज्ञाधारकता | High | — | Distinct from but related to baseline’s compound “obedience of faith” (विश्वासाची आज्ञाधारकता, Romans 1:5/16:26); here, obedience flowing from love and free confidence (v.21), not law-based compliance — the summary term for this doctrine. |
| trust/confidence (interpersonal) | πείθω / πεποιθώς (peithō) | भरवसो दवरणें | Medium | — | Must not be collapsed into विश्वास (saving faith, Critical baseline term); this is ordinary interpersonal trust, though itself grace-shaped. |
| grant graciously / be restored | χαρίζομαι (charizomai) | कृपेन परत मेळप | Medium | — | Shares root with χάρις (grace); even Paul’s hoped-for release (1:22) is framed with grace-vocabulary. |
Section 3 — Other Load-Bearing Terms (Lower Doctrinal Weight, Full-Coverage Completeness)
| Term | Original | Konkani | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | मोग | High | Foundational term not present as a standalone entry in the Romans baseline despite Romans’ own heavy use of ἀγάπη; flagged for future cross-curriculum harmonization. Must be distinguished from भक्ती (devotional passion toward a chosen deity). |
| fellow worker | συνεργός (synergos) | सहकारी | Medium | Must be reinforced as gospel-partnership, not secular colleague-ship. |
| fellow soldier | συστρατιώτης (systratiōtēs) | सहसैनिक | Low-Medium | Metaphorical spiritual-warfare image. |
| separate | χωρίζω (chōrizō) | वेगळें जावणें | Low | Neutral narrative verb. |
| eternal/forever (relational, not salvific) | αἰώνιον (aiōnion) | सदांकाळ | Medium | This occurrence (1:15) describes relational permanence, not the technical “eternal life” doctrine; flag to avoid over-theologizing. |
| full knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις (epignōsis) | पुराय ज्ञान | Low-Medium | — |
| joy | χαρά (chara) | आनंद | Low | — |
| comfort/encouragement | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | धीर | Low-Medium | Shares root with παρακαλέω. |
| guest room/lodging | ξενία (xenia) | पावणेखोली | Low | — |
| human spirit (not Holy Spirit) | πνεῦμα (pneuma), 1:25 | आत्मा | Medium | Must be clearly distinguished by context (“तुजो आत्मा,” your spirit) from पवित्र आत्मा (Holy Spirit, Critical baseline term). |
Section 4 — Proper Names
| English | Greek | Konkani | Transliteration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Παῦλος | पौल | Paul | Per established convention (see baseline instructions document). |
| Philemon | Φιλήμων | फिलेमोन | Filemon | Letter’s addressee. |
| Apphia | Ἀπφία | अप्फिया | Apphia | Traditionally understood as Philemon’s wife. |
| Archippus | Ἄρχιππος | आर्खिप्प | Archippus | Traditionally understood as a leader in the house church. |
| Onesimus | Ὀνήσιμος | ओनेसिम | Onesim | Name means “useful/profitable”; see wordplay notes at 1:11, 1:20. |
| Timothy | Τιμόθεος | तिमथी | Timothy | Co-sender of the letter. |
| Epaphras | Ἐπαφρᾶς | एपफ्रास | Epaphras | Named in the closing greetings, 1:23. |
| Mark | Μᾶρκος | मार्क | Mark | Named in the closing greetings, 1:24. |
| Aristarchus | Ἀρίσταρχος | अरिस्तार्ख | Aristarchus | Named in the closing greetings, 1:24. |
| Demas | Δημᾶς | देमास | Demas | Named in the closing greetings, 1:24. |
| Luke | Λουκᾶς | लूक | Luke | Named in the closing greetings, 1:24. |
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms, Section 2) |
|---|---|
| Critical | 3 (δοῦλος, ὑπὲρ δοῦλον, ἐλλογέω) |
| High | 8 (ἀδελφός, ἐν κυρίῳ, ἀνῆκον, ἀνάγκη, ἑκούσιον, ὑπακοή, προσλαμβάνω, ἀγάπη*) |
| Medium | 16 |
| Low | 6 |
*ἀγάπη is listed under Section 3 but carries High risk; counted here for total-risk accounting.
All Critical and High risk terms above require human theologian review before Phase 2 translation, per the routing rules already established in the Romans doctrine_risk_registry.json. A Philemon-specific doctrine_risk_registry.json extension (Step 2 of this pipeline) should formalize these five doctrines and their routing using the same schema.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: देव
Transliteration: dev
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Greeting
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs in Philemon’s salutation (1:3) and thanksgiving (1:4). Every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence must carry an exclusivity marker (e.g. ‘एकच खरो देव’) exactly as the baseline requires, since देव is also the generic word for any Goan Hindu temple deity.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालक
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs in the salutation/closing formula (1:3, 1:25) and in the phrase ἐν κυρίῳ, ‘in the Lord’ (1:16, 1:20, rendered प्रभूंत). Must convey exclusive Lordship, not one revered figure among Goa’s several temple deities.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Greeting
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, निर्माणकार
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs in the salutation (1:3).
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: yeśū
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: जेजू
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs at 1:1, 1:3, 1:9, 1:25. Never जेजू, the Romi Konkani Catholic spelling.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: āropit nītimattā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: कमावलेली नीतिमत्ता
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Retained here specifically as the doctrinal root that Philemon 1:18’s ἐλλογέω (see ‘impute_charge_to_account’ below) deliberately echoes lexically via the shared आरोपित root. Teaching material must explicitly connect the two.
Impute Charge To Account
Approved rendering: आरोपित करणें
Transliteration: āropit karaṇẽ
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा करप्
NEW term. ἐλλογέω, Philemon 1:18 — ‘charge that to my account.’ Deliberately reuses the आरोपित root from imputed_righteousness because this verse is a real-life enactment of substitutionary imputation (cf. Romans 4:3’s ἐλογίσθη). MUST NOT be flattened to a generic ‘forgive’ (क्षमा करप्), which would erase this doctrinal echo. Single most doctrinally consequential lexical choice in the letter.
Slave Bondservant
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: गुलाम (flagged as a viable alternative pending review, not fully rejected)
NEW term, CRITICAL. δοῦλος, Onesimus’s literal legal/social status (1:16). दास is the established regional Bible-translation term but collides directly with the Marathi/Konkani Varkari bhakti tradition’s devotional self-designation ‘dev-das’ (servant/slave of God), a voluntary, honored identity used by revered poet-saints (Tukaram, Namdev); the Marathi devotional-philosophical text Dasbodh reinforces this term’s devotional prestige regionally. Philemon 1:16 names the opposite: actual involuntary chattel bondage. EVERY occurrence must carry an explicit social/legal qualifier (e.g. ‘सामाजिक दास’, ‘बंधनांतलो दास’). गुलाम (Perso-Arabic loanword, unambiguous chattel-slavery sense but absent from existing Bible-translation precedent) is flagged for joint theologian/native-speaker adjudication before Phase 2 lock-in.
More Than A Slave
Approved rendering: दासापरस चड
Transliteration: dāsāparas caḍ
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
NEW term, CRITICAL. ὑπὲρ δοῦλον (1:16), inherits slave_bondservant’s collision risk in full. This phrase is the doctrinal center of the whole letter and must never be softened or generalized into a vaguer ‘valued helper’ rendering.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Greeting
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, नशीब
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs in the salutation/closing formula (1:3, 1:25) and underlies χαρίζομαι (1:22). Must always be reinforced as favor apart from merit, since कृपा alone can read as ordinary kindness in everyday Konkani speech.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvās
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ती
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs in the thanksgiving (1:5, 1:6), paired there with love (मोग).
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुवार्ता
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: बरी खबर, शुभवर्तमान
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs at 1:13, anchoring Onesimus’s hoped-for service in gospel purpose, not personal convenience.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
Rejected alternatives: संत, भक्त
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs at 1:5, 1:7 (‘the hearts of the saints have been refreshed’). Never संत, the Varkari bhakti-poet category.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Not directly load-bearing in Philemon’s own text, but retained here so that any cross-curriculum catechetical material referencing this letter alongside Romans remains lexically consistent.
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावणें
Transliteration: bolāvaṇẽ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रण
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered, retained for cross-curriculum consistency; not independently load-bearing within Philemon’s own 25 verses.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: मोग
Transliteration: mog
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: भक्ती, प्रेम
NEW term. ἀγάπη, the stated ground of Paul’s appeal (1:9) and named alongside faith in the thanksgiving (1:5, 1:7). Not present as a standalone entry in the Romans baseline despite Romans’ own heavy use of ἀγάπη — flagged for future cross-curriculum harmonization. मोग is authentic Konkani (not Marathi प्रेम); must be distinguished from भक्ती, devotional passion directed at a chosen temple deity (Shantadurga, Mangueshi, Mahalasa).
Appeal Entreaty
Approved rendering: विनवणी करप्
Transliteration: vinavaṇī karap
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: विनंती, उत्तेजन देणें
NEW, elevated-risk term for the ENTREATY sense of παρακαλέω (1:9, 1:10), explicitly contrasted with ἐπιτάσσω (command, 1:8). This is the clearest NT instance of that sense and carries the letter’s whole rhetorical argument. Not विनंती (which risks reading as petition-from-social-inferiority, the reverse of Paul’s actual rhetorical stance of voluntary authority-laying-aside); not उत्तेजन देणें (the baseline’s encouragement sense, a different context).
Brother Sister
Approved rendering: भाव / भयण
Transliteration: bhāv / bhayaṇ
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: भाऊ/बहीण (rejected: Marathi forms, not authentic Konkani)
NEW term. ἀδελφός/ἀδελφή, used of Philemon, Apphia (1:1-2) and, climactically, of Onesimus (1:16). Lexically unambiguous; risk is doctrinal-weight-driven — applying kinship language across the master-slave divide at 1:16 is radically countercultural in a still caste- and status-conscious regional setting.
In The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभूंत
Transliteration: prabhūnt
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
NEW term. ἐν κυρίῳ, 1:16, 1:20 — the deeper spiritual register transforming the social relationship. Ties directly to the baseline’s christian_identity_in_christ doctrine family; render consistently with any future ‘in Christ’ (ख्रिस्तांत) occurrences in this curriculum.
Receive Welcome
Approved rendering: स्वीकार करणें
Transliteration: svīkār karaṇẽ
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: मान्य करप्
NEW term. προσλαμβάνω, Philemon’s key reconciliation-action verb — ‘welcome him as you would welcome me’ (1:17). Must convey full, equal acceptance, not grudging tolerance or conditional readmission; the comparative clause must never be trimmed in translation.
Owe Besides
Approved rendering: वयर देणें आसप
Transliteration: vayar deṇẽ āsap
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW term. προσοφείλω, 1:19 — Philemon owes Paul ‘even your very self,’ implying Paul’s role in Philemon’s own conversion. Carries a spiritual-debt undertone that gives Paul’s appeal significant rhetorical leverage; must be flagged in teaching notes.
What Is Fitting
Approved rendering: योग्य
Transliteration: yogya
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: कर्तव्य
NEW term. ἀνῆκον, 1:8 — the duty-based compliance Paul sets aside for love-motivated appeal. MUST NOT use कर्तव्य (‘duty’), which risks a dharma-adjacent cosmic-duty register, paralleling the baseline’s rejection of धर्म for ‘law’/‘righteousness’.
Spiritual Child
Approved rendering: पुत्र
Transliteration: putra
Doctrine: Spiritual Fatherhood and New Birth in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: भुरगें
NEW term. τέκνον, Paul calls Onesimus ‘my child’ (1:10). Must be clearly marked as Paul’s spiritual fathering of a convert, never confused with the doctrinally Critical देवाचो पुत्र (Son of God, baseline term). A translator’s note is required at first occurrence.
Beget Spiritually
Approved rendering: जल्म दिवणें
Transliteration: janma divaṇẽ
Doctrine: Spiritual Fatherhood and New Birth in the Gospel
NEW term. γεννάω, used metaphorically of Paul’s role in Onesimus’s conversion (1:10). Must be flagged as conversion-language and never conflated with पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation) — the same caution the baseline applies to ‘resurrection’ extends here by lexical proximity to जल्म-root vocabulary.
Compulsion Necessity
Approved rendering: सक्ती
Transliteration: saktī
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: जबरदस्ती
NEW term. ἀνάγκη, the motive for goodness Paul explicitly rejects (1:14). Given Goa’s history of coercive conversion under the Portuguese-era Goa Inquisition (already flagged in the baseline’s mission_to_nations/evangelism doctrine notes), this term carries unusually sharp local resonance. Highlight as a direct biblical anchor for the baseline’s invitational, non-coercive principle; do not soften.
Voluntary Free Will
Approved rendering: स्वखुशीन
Transliteration: svakhuśīn
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: खुशेनं
NEW term. ἑκούσιον, the positive pole opposite ἀνάγκη in the same verse (1:14) — the crux term for this doctrine. Teach सक्ती/स्वखुशीन as a fixed contrastive pair, paralleling the baseline’s कृपा/कर्मफळ (grace/merit) contrast.
Obedience Hypakoe
Approved rendering: आज्ञाधारकता
Transliteration: āj̈ñādhārakatā
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW term. ὑπακοή, 1:21 — Paul’s closing confidence in Philemon’s response, flowing from love rather than command. Distinct from but related to the baseline’s compound ‘obedience of faith’ (विश्वासाची आज्ञाधारकता, Romans 1:5/16:26). Teach alongside 1:8’s आज्ञा करणें (command) and 1:14’s सक्ती/स्वखुशीन contrast as a single doctrinal unit; never silently merge with the Romans compound phrase.
Medium Risk Terms
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: khrist
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered rendering. Risk is Medium in Philemon specifically (lower than the baseline’s general ‘messiah’ Critical entry) because here ख्रिस्त functions mostly as a stable proper-name element within ‘Christ Jesus’ rather than as a standalone messianic-prophecy argument; still must remain lexically identical to all baseline and future occurrences.
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Household Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs at 1:2, ‘the church in your house’ (घरातली मंडळी). Never देऊळ/मंदिर; not the Romi Konkani institutional loanword ‘Igorz’.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थी
Transliteration: madhyasthī
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: शिफारस
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Retained as the thematic doctrine-name link for this curriculum’s ‘Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another’ doctrine, even though Philemon’s own vocabulary expresses the concept through παρακαλέω (see appeal_entreaty below) rather than this exact noun.
Grant Graciously
Approved rendering: कृपेन परत मेळप
Transliteration: kṛpen parat meḷap
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Greeting
NEW term. χαρίζομαι, Philemon 1:22 — Paul’s hoped-for release framed with grace-vocabulary. Deliberately reuses the कृपा root so even Paul’s personal hope is marked as grace-shaped, not self-secured.
Interpersonal Trust
Approved rendering: भरवसो दवरणें
Transliteration: bharvaso davaraṇẽ
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW term. πείθω/πεποιθώς, Philemon 1:21 — Paul’s closing confidence in Philemon’s character. Must not be collapsed into विश्वास (saving faith, Critical baseline term); this is ordinary, grace-shaped interpersonal trust.
Partner Koinonos
Approved rendering: सहभागी
Transliteration: sahabhāgī
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: भागीदार
NEW term. κοινωνός, Philemon 1:17 — ‘if you consider me a partner.’ Deliberately shares its root with the baseline’s सहभागिता (fellowship) so the doctrinal connection stays visible; not भागीदार, which risks a merely commercial-partner reading.
Fellow Worker
Approved rendering: सहकारी
Transliteration: sahakārī
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
NEW term. συνεργός, describes Philemon (1:1) and Paul’s co-workers (1:24). Must be reinforced as gospel-partnership, not secular colleague-ship.
Fellow Soldier
Approved rendering: सहसैनिक
Transliteration: sahasainik
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
NEW term. συστρατιώτης, describes Archippus (1:2). Metaphorical spiritual-warfare image; must not read as literal military service.
Useless Useful Wordplay
Approved rendering: निरुपेगी / उपेगी
Transliteration: nirupegī / upegī
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: निकामी/कामाचो
NEW term. ἄχρηστος/εὔχρηστος, wordplay on Onesimus’s name (‘useful/profitable’), 1:11. The Greek name-pun does not transfer into Konkani (no Konkani name means ‘useful’); a translator’s note is required to preserve the rhetorical force. Echoed weakly again at 1:20’s ὀναίμην.
Beloved Agapetos
Approved rendering: मोगाळ
Transliteration: mogāḷ
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: प्रिय
NEW term. ἀγαπητός, describes Philemon (1:1) and Onesimus (1:16). Built on the established मोग root for internal lexical-family consistency.
In The Flesh
Approved rendering: देहान
Transliteration: dehān
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
NEW term. ἐν σαρκί, 1:16 — the ordinary human/social sphere of relationship (master-servant, now transformed). Neutral usage here, NOT the negative ‘sinful flesh’ sense elsewhere in Paul (cf. Romans); requires a distinguishing translator’s note.
Wrong Injustice
Approved rendering: अन्याय करणें
Transliteration: anyāy karaṇẽ
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW term. ἀδικέω, names Onesimus’s possible offense against Philemon (1:18). Standard moral-wrong vocabulary.
Owe Indebted
Approved rendering: ऋणी आसप
Transliteration: ṛṇī āsap
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW term. ὀφείλω, part of the commercial-metaphor language of vv.18-19.
Repay In Full
Approved rendering: परत फारीक करणें
Transliteration: parat phārīk karaṇẽ
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW term. ἀποτίνω, Paul’s personal guarantee of Onesimus’s debt (1:19). फारीक करप् is a natural Konkani idiom for settling an account.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: धैर्य
Transliteration: dhairya
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
NEW term. παρρησία, 1:8 — Paul’s apostolic authority ‘in Christ,’ set aside for appeal. Must be anchored ‘in Christ’ (ख्रिस्तांत) so it reads as gospel-grounded confidence, not personal assertiveness.
Command Authoritative
Approved rendering: आज्ञा करणें
Transliteration: āj̈ñā karaṇẽ
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: हुकूम करप्
NEW term. ἐπιτάσσω, 1:8, the option Paul explicitly declines. Deliberately shares its आज्ञा root with आज्ञाधारकता (obedience) so the command/obedience contrast stays lexically visible in Konkani; must not be read through a guru-disciple authority pattern.
Elder Ambassador
Approved rendering: ज्येष्ठ मनीस
Transliteration: jyeṣṭha manīs
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
NEW term. πρεσβύτης (textual variant πρεσβευτής, ‘ambassador’), Paul’s self-description at 1:9. Primarily a textual-choice flag for reviewers; the ‘ambassador’ reading ties to 2 Cor 5:20.
Prisoner Of Christ
Approved rendering: बंदी
Transliteration: bandī
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: कैदी
NEW term. δέσμιος, Paul’s repeated self-designation ‘of Christ Jesus’ (1:1, 1:9). Must be paired with ‘ख्रिस्ताखातीर’ (for Christ’s sake) so it is not misread as ordinary criminal imprisonment.
Inmost Affection
Approved rendering: अंतःकरण
Transliteration: antaḥkaraṇ
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: काळीज (noted as an available higher-vividness alternative)
NEW term. σπλάγχνα, forms a deliberate inclusio across 1:7, 1:12, 1:20. Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at all three occurrences so the inclusio remains visible to Konkani readers.
Refresh Give Rest
Approved rendering: विसव दिवणें
Transliteration: visav divaṇẽ
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: ताजो करप्
NEW term. ἀναπαύω, completes the σπλάγχνα inclusio at 1:20 (‘refresh my heart in Christ’). Must be rendered consistently with the passive construction used for the same idea at 1:7.
Consent Opinion
Approved rendering: संमती
Transliteration: sammatī
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW term. γνώμη, Paul refuses to act without Philemon’s free consent (1:14). Models consent-based, non-coercive relationship.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: पुराय ज्ञान
Transliteration: purāy jñān
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
NEW term. ἐπίγνωσις, 1:6. Should not be reduced to mere factual information; carries relational-experiential weight in context.
Comfort Encouragement
Approved rendering: धीर
Transliteration: dhīr
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
NEW term. παράκλησις, 1:7, shares its root with παρακαλέω. Distinguish from the entreaty-sense verb rendering (विनवणी); here it is the noun ‘comfort received.‘
Eternal Relational
Approved rendering: सदांकाळ
Transliteration: sadāṅkāḷ
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Reunion
NEW term. αἰώνιον, 1:15, describes the permanence of Onesimus’s restored relationship, NOT the technical ‘eternal life’ doctrine. A translator’s note should clarify this to avoid readers over-theologizing an incidental usage.
Human Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्मा
Transliteration: ātmā
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Greeting
NEW term. πνεῦμα, ‘your spirit’ (1:25) — the human spirit, NOT the Holy Spirit. Must be clearly distinguished by context from the baseline’s Critical-risk पवित्र आत्मा; render explicitly as ‘तुजो आत्मा’ (your spirit) to keep the human referent unambiguous.
House Church
Approved rendering: घरातली मंडळी
Transliteration: gharātlī maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Household Church as God’s People
NEW compound term. ἐκκλησία κατ᾽ οἶκον, ‘the church in your house’ (1:2). Reuses baseline मंडळी exactly; names a new-covenant assembly, not a ritual institution or caste-segregated gathering.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: इश्टागत, समाज
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. ‘The fellowship/sharing of your faith,’ 1:6. Root deliberately shared with the new term सहभागी (partner, κοινωνός, 1:17) for lexical-family visibility.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Opens the thanksgiving section, 1:4.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणें
Transliteration: uttejan denẽ
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered, for the ENCOURAGEMENT sense of παρακαλέω only. Philemon’s own usage at 1:9-1:10 is the ENTREATY sense; for that sense use the new, elevated-risk entry ‘appeal_entreaty’ (विनवणी करप्) below, per baseline’s own context-sensitive instruction.
Minister Serve
Approved rendering: सेवा करणें
Transliteration: sevā karaṇẽ
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
NEW term. διακονέω, Onesimus’s hoped-for service to Paul (1:13). Standard vocabulary.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: याद
Transliteration: yād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
NEW term. μνεία, Paul mentions Philemon in his prayers (1:4).
Prayer
Approved rendering: प्रार्थना
Transliteration: prārthanā
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
NEW term. προσευχή, 1:4. Standard, established Bible-translation vocabulary.
Joy
Approved rendering: आनंद
Transliteration: ānand
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Intercessory Prayer
NEW term. χαρά, Paul’s response to Philemon’s love (1:7).
Separate
Approved rendering: वेगळें जावणें
Transliteration: vegḷẽ jāvaṇẽ
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Reunion
NEW term. χωρίζω, describes Onesimus’s departure from Philemon (1:15). Neutral narrative verb.
Guest Room
Approved rendering: पावणेखोली
Transliteration: pāvaṇekholī
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Reunion
NEW term. ξενία, Paul requests one be prepared for him (1:22).
Hope
Approved rendering: आस बाळगप्
Transliteration: ās bāḷgap
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration and Reunion
NEW term. ἐλπίζω, Paul’s expectation of release and reunion (1:22).
Greet
Approved rendering: नमस्कार धाडणें
Transliteration: namaskār dhāḍaṇẽ
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
NEW term. ἀσπάζομαι, the closing greetings (1:23-24). Standard epistolary closing formula.
Wish Desire
Approved rendering: इत्सा करणें
Transliteration: itsā karaṇẽ
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
NEW term. βούλομαι, Paul’s desire to keep Onesimus with him (1:13).
Paul
Approved rendering: पौल
Transliteration: Paul
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name (letter’s author). Established Devanagari Konkani/Marathi Bible spelling.
Philemon
Approved rendering: फिलेमोन
Transliteration: Filemon
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; the letter’s addressee.
Apphia
Approved rendering: अप्फिया
Transliteration: Apphia
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; traditionally understood as Philemon’s wife (1:2).
Archippus
Approved rendering: आर्खिप्प
Transliteration: Archippus
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; traditionally a leader in the house church (1:2).
Onesimus
Approved rendering: ओनेसिम
Transliteration: Onesim
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; the runaway slave whose reconciliation is the letter’s subject. Name means ‘useful/profitable’; see useless_useful_wordplay entry above.
Timothy
Approved rendering: तिमथी
Transliteration: Timothy
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; co-sender of the letter (1:1).
Epaphras
Approved rendering: एपफ्रास
Transliteration: Epaphras
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; named in the closing greetings (1:23).
Mark
Approved rendering: मार्क
Transliteration: Mark
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; named in the closing greetings (1:24).
Aristarchus
Approved rendering: अरिस्तार्ख
Transliteration: Aristarchus
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; named in the closing greetings (1:24).
Demas
Approved rendering: देमास
Transliteration: Demas
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; named in the closing greetings (1:24).
Luke
Approved rendering: लूक
Transliteration: Luke
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name; named in the closing greetings (1:24).
Referenced passages