Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Revelation (Konkani)
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. Section A lists baseline terms reused unchanged in Revelation. Section B is the full per-term glossary of new Revelation-specific vocabulary, citing terms from every chapter of the book (1–22). All risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low definitions; Critical and High require human theologian review, Medium requires native speaker review, Low requires automated review only.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Unchanged (from Romans translation_memory.json)
The following terms occur throughout Revelation and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded in the baseline; they are not redefined here: god (देव), jesus (येशू), lord (प्रभू), holy_spirit (पवित्र आत्मा), father (पिता), gospel (सुवार्ता), grace (कृपा), faith (विश्वास), salvation (तारण), righteousness (नीतिमत्ता), imputed_righteousness (आरोपित नीतिमत्ता), holy (पवित्र), saints (पवित्र जन), sanctification (पवित्रीकरण), adoption (दत्तक पुत्र करून घेणें), resurrection (पुनरुत्थान), son_of_god (देवाचो पुत्र), glory (गौरव), kingdom_of_god (देवाचें राज्य), church (मंडळी), apostle (प्रेषित), prophet (संदेष्टा), prophecy (भविष्यवाणी), covenant (करार), david (दावीद), seed_of_david (दावीदाच्या वंशांतलो), israel (इस्राएल), gentiles (परराष्ट्रीय), messiah/christ (मसीहा/ख्रिस्त), calling/called (बोलावणें/बोलावलेले), sin (पाप), power_of_god (देवाचें सामर्थ्य), election (देवाची निवड), providence (देवाची तरतूद), thanksgiving (धन्यवाद), fellowship (सहभागिता), peace (शांती), abba (अब्बा).
Section B — Revelation-Specific Term Glossary
| # | English Term | Konkani | Transliteration | Risk | Category/Doctrine | Primary Passages | Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lamb (of God/Christ) | कोंकरूं | koṅkarū̃ | Critical | Worship of the Lamb; Christology | 5:6,12; 7:14; 12:11; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,22-23; 22:1,3 | The book’s central Christological title (28 occurrences). Never render as a generic sacrificial-animal term without the full “slain-yet-triumphant” theological force. Must be explicitly distinguished from regional Shakta animal-sacrifice (bali) practice: the Lamb is not appeased through offering but is himself the divine object of worship. Alternatives rejected: generic बकरो/बोकडो (goat/kid), which carries direct bali-sacrifice association. |
| 2 | Alpha and Omega | अल्फा आनी ओमेगा | alfā āni omegā | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 | Retain Greek letter-names as transliteration (never paraphrase to “the first and last letters” alone). Direct divine self-identification claim; must be footnoted at first occurrence to explain the merism to readers unfamiliar with the Greek alphabet. |
| 3 | Son of Man | मनीसपुत्र | manīsaputra | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; Christology | 1:13; 14:14 | Daniel 7 dominion title, not a claim of mere ordinary humanity. Must not be confused with, or diminish, baseline son_of_god (देवाचो पुत्र); the two titles are complementary, not interchangeable. |
| 4 | Almighty (Pantokrator) | सर्वसमर्थ | sarvasamarth | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:14; 19:6,15; 21:22 | Deliberately built on सामर्थ्य, NOT शक्ती, consistent with the baseline’s forbidden-substitution rule for power_of_god. Rejected: सर्वशक्तिमान (common in some regional Bible translations but carries शक्ती’s Shakta-goddess association, especially given Goa’s prominent Shantadurga/Mahalasa worship). |
| 5 | Seven Spirits of God | देवाचे सात आत्मे | devāce sāt ātme | Critical | Holy Spirit; Sovereignty of God | 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6 | Symbolic reference to the one Holy Spirit’s fullness (cf. Isaiah 11:2), never seven distinct spirit-beings. Grave local collision risk given active Konkan folk veneration of multiple spirits (Devchar, Rakhandar); mandatory footnote at every occurrence. |
| 6 | Throne | सिंहासन | siṃhāsan | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | throughout, esp. ch. 4-5, 20-22 | Generic royal/divine-seat word in Konkani; must be paired with देव/प्रभू/कोंकरूं context to preserve exclusivity. |
| 7 | Almighty’s dwelling / temple/sanctuary (heavenly) | पवित्रस्थान | pavitrasthān | High | Worship; Presence of God | 3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2,19; 14:15,17; 15:5-8; 16:1,17; 21:22 | Deliberately avoids मंदिर (strong Hindu-temple association, already excluded for church in the baseline) throughout Revelation’s temple/sanctuary imagery. |
| 8 | Priest(s) | याजक | yājak | High | Priesthood of believers | 1:6; 5:10; 20:6 | Corporate priesthood of all believers, not a hereditary/caste priestly office; sensitive given Goan Brahmin priestly-caste structures. |
| 9 | Worship (of God/Lamb) | उपासना करप | upāsanā karap | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 19:10; 22:9 | Must be reserved for worship directed at God/the Lamb alone; the same text explicitly forbids worship of angels (19:10; 22:9) and of the beast/image (13:8,15; 14:9,11) — these prohibitions must be preserved with equal force. |
| 10 | Worthy | योग्य | yogya | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4:11; 5:2,4,9,12 | ”Worthy is the Lamb” — foundational worship confession. |
| 11 | Beast | श्वापद | śvāpad | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked; Apocalyptic Symbolism | ch. 11,13,14,15,16,17,19,20 | Must consistently convey a monstrous, God-opposing power; never softened to a neutral “wild animal” term. |
| 12 | Dragon / Satan / the ancient serpent | अजगर (मोटो सर्प) / सैतान | ajgar (moṭo sarp) / saitān | Critical | Sovereignty of God; Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | 12:3-17; 20:2 | CRITICAL LOCAL COLLISION: naga/serpent shrine veneration is an active Goan folk-Hindu practice (nagbans, Nag Panchami). Every occurrence requires a footnote identifying this dragon explicitly as Satan, the defeated adversary — never to be linked with naga deities. |
| 13 | Satan (proper name, general) | सैतान | saitān | Critical | (as above) | 2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2,7,10 | Established transliteration. NEVER render as भूत (“ghost/folk-spirit” in ordinary Konkani, tied to Devchar/Rakhandar folk-spirit veneration) — this is a forbidden substitution specific to this curriculum, extending the baseline’s forbidden-substitution logic. |
| 14 | False prophet | खोटो संदेष्टा | khoṭo sandeṣṭā | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 16:13; 19:20; 20:10 | Built on baseline संदेष्टा (established prophet term) negated by खोटो (“false”). |
| 15 | Mark of the beast | श्वापदाची खूण | śvāpadācī khūṇ | High | Judgment of the Wicked; Perseverance under Persecution | 13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 | Striking local resonance with forehead-marking practices (tilak, kumkum, vibhuti) common in Goan Hindu devotion. Teaching notes must handle the text’s own internal contrast (mark of the beast vs. name of God, both on the forehead) with pastoral sensitivity, not draw a blunt one-to-one equivalence with any present-day religious practice. |
| 16 | Number of the beast (666) | श्वापदाचो आंकडो (६६६) | śvāpadāco āṅkaḍo | Medium | Apocalyptic Symbolism | 13:18 | Footnote should discourage speculative modern numerological application. |
| 17 | Idolaters | मूर्तिपूजक | mūrtipūjak | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 21:8; 22:15 | Extremely sensitive given central place of image (मूर्ति) worship in Goan Hindu temple devotion; must be handled as a theological category requiring pastoral care, not a slur. |
| 18 | Sorcerers | मंत्रवादी / जादूगार | mantravādī / jādūgār | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 9:21; 21:8; 22:15 | Relevant given regional mantra-tantra folk practice; frame as biblical prohibition of occult power-seeking, not blanket cultural condemnation. |
| 19 | Second death | दुसरें मरण | dusreṃ maraṇ | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8 | Must never be read as compatible with, or confirming, a rebirth cycle; mandatory footnote clarifying this is a single, final, non-repeating judgment. |
| 20 | First resurrection | पयलें पुनरुत्थान | payleṃ punaruthān | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; Resurrection | 20:5-6 | Compounds baseline’s existing Critical risk on पुनरुत्थान (never पुनर्जन्म). |
| 21 | Lake of fire | आगीचें व्हरण | āgīceṃ vharaṇ | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8 | Must not be softened into a purifying/refining fire (a notion with resonance in Hindu yajna/agni ritual); this fire is punitive and final, never purificatory or cyclical. |
| 22 | Millennium (a thousand years) | हजार वर्सां | hazār varsā̃ | Medium/High | Return and Reign of Christ | 20:1-7 | Literal numeral translation is straightforward; teaching materials must flag the existence of differing evangelical millennial views so as not to silently impose one scheme. |
| 23 | Overcomer / one who conquers | जिकोवपी | jikovpī | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 12:11; 21:7 | Persevering faith sustained by Christ’s own victory (12:11), never self-achieved spiritual attainment or worldly conquest. |
| 24 | Tree of life | जिवीताचें झाड | jivitāceṃ jhāḍ | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | 2:7; 22:2,14,19 | Restoration of Edenic communion with God. |
| 25 | Book of life | जिवीताचें पुस्तक | jivitāceṃ pustak | Critical | Assurance of Salvation; Judgment of the Wicked | 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27 | CRITICAL LOCAL COLLISION: must be sharply distinguished from Chitragupta’s karmic ledger in Hindu tradition (deeds recorded by Yama’s scribe for judgment/rebirth). Records belonging to Christ by grace, not accumulated merit. |
| 26 | Works/deeds (judgment basis) | कृती | kṛtī | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 2:23; 20:12-13; 22:12 | Deliberately renders ἔργα as कृती, NEVER as कर्म (the ordinary Konkani/Marathi word for “karma,” carrying the full weight of Hindu karmic-rebirth doctrine). This is the single most dangerous unmarked collision term in the book; mandatory footnote at every occurrence. |
| 27 | Seal / to seal | मोहर / शिक्को मारप | mohor / śikko mārap | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4; 20:3; 22:10 | Mark of ownership, authentication, protection, and divine control over history’s unfolding. |
| 28 | Word of God (Christ’s title) | देवाचें वचन | devāceṃ vacan | Critical | Deity of Christ | 19:13 | Personal Christological title (echoing John 1:1,14), never confused with “the Bible”/generic teaching. |
| 29 | Hallelujah | हल्लेलूया | hallelūyā | Low | Worship of the Lamb | 19:1,3,4,6 | Established transliteration per baseline convention (already listed in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md). |
| 30 | Amen | आमेन | āmen | Low | Worship; Closing benediction | 1:6,7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21 | Established transliteration per baseline convention. |
| 31 | King of kings and Lord of lords | राजांचो राजा आनी प्रभूंचो प्रभू | rājāñco rājā āni prabhūñco prabhū | Critical | Lordship of Christ; Return and Reign of Christ | 17:14; 19:16 | Reuses baseline प्रभू; doubled superlative construction must always be retained intact. |
| 32 | Michael / archangel | मिखाएल महादूत | mikhāel mahādūt | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 12:7 | दूत (established generic “messenger/angel” word; distinct from baseline’s rejection of दूत only as a rendering for “apostle”) + महादूत (“archangel”). |
| 33 | Accuser | आरोप करपी | ārop karpī | Medium | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | 12:10 | Satan’s defeated role as prosecutor/accuser. |
| 34 | Woman clothed with the sun | सूर्य लेवपी बायल | sūrya levpī bāyal | Medium | Apocalyptic Symbolism; Sovereignty of God | 12:1-17 | Corporate symbol for God’s covenant people; must not be misread as a goddess-figure given regional solar/goddess devotional imagery. |
| 35 | Wrath (of God/the Lamb) | कोप | kop | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 6:16-17; 11:18; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15 | Righteous, judicial wrath, not capricious deity-anger found in some regional Puranic narrative. |
| 36 | Judgment / verdict | निवाडो | nivāḍo | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 14:7; 16:5,7; 18:10,20; 19:2; 20:4,12-13 | Legal/forensic verdict rendered by God. |
| 37 | Perseverance / endurance | सहनशीलता / धीर धरप | sahanaśīlatā / dhīr dharap | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12 | Patient, faithful endurance under persecution, sustained by Christ’s own victory. |
| 38 | Witness / testimony | साक्ष | sākṣa | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:2,9; 6:9; 11:7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4 | Faithful testimony to Christ, including unto death (the martyrdom sense that developed from this word); must not collapse into a merely generic legal-witness sense. |
| 39 | Four living creatures | चार जिवंत प्राणी | cār jivant prāṇī | Medium | Worship; Sovereignty of God | 4:6-9; 5:6,8,14; 6:1-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4 | Superficial resemblance to Hindu deity-vehicles (vahana); footnote should clarify these are worshiping creatures, not vehicles or avatar-forms. |
| 40 | Elders (24) | वडील | vaḍīl | Low | Worship | 4:4,10; 5:5-14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4 | Corporate representation of the redeemed. |
| 41 | Scroll (with seven seals) | गुंडाळी | guṇḍāḷī | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 5:1-9; 6:1-14; 8:1 | God’s sovereign redemptive plan, sealed and opened only by the Lamb. |
| 42 | Trumpet | तुतारी | tutārī | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 8:2-13; 9:1,13; 10:7; 11:15 | Divine announcement of judgment stages. |
| 43 | Bowls of wrath | कोपाचे कटोरे | kopāce kaṭore | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 15:7; 16:1-21; 17:1; 21:9 | Completed outpouring of God’s righteous judgment. |
| 44 | Abyss / bottomless pit | अगाध खाडी | agādh khāḍī | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1-3 | Must not be conflated with Patala, the Hindu netherworld realm associated with Nagas; place of confinement for evil powers under God’s sovereignty. |
| 45 | Abaddon / Apollyon (Destroyer) | अबद्दोन / अपोल्लीयोन | abaddon / apollīyon | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 9:11 | Concrete local collision: “the Destroyer” title popularly associated with Shiva in the Trimurti; mandatory footnote distinguishing this defeated demonic figure from any Hindu deity. |
| 46 | Two witnesses | दोन साक्षीदार | don sākṣīdār | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 11:3-12 | Faithful witness vindicated by resurrection. |
| 47 | Ark of the covenant | कराराची पेटी | karārācī peṭī | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 11:19 | Reuses baseline करार. |
| 48 | Eternal gospel | सार्वकालीन सुवार्ता | sārvakālīn suvārtā | Medium | Gospel; Judgment | 14:6 | Reuses baseline सुवार्ता, qualified as everlasting. |
| 49 | Babylon (the great) | बाबेल (महान) | bābel (mahān) | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked; Apocalyptic Symbolism | 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21 | Symbolic name for the final God-opposing world-system; established OT-linked spelling. |
| 50 | Great prostitute / great harlot | मोटी वेश्या | moṭī veśyā | High | Apocalyptic Symbolism; Judgment of the Wicked | 17:1,5,15-16; 19:2 | Symbolic apocalyptic imagery for an apostate religious-political system; must be taught carefully, never as literal condemnation of any person/community. |
| 51 | Marriage supper of the Lamb | कोंकरांचें लग्नाचें जेवण | koṅkarāceṃ lagnāceṃ jevaṇ | Critical | Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7,9 | Consummated union of Christ and his redeemed people; must not be read through a divine-consort devotional lens (e.g. Vishnu-Lakshmi, Shiva-Parvati pairings). |
| 52 | Bride (of Christ/the Lamb) | नवरी | navarī | Critical | Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17 | Corporate, covenantal image; see note above. |
| 53 | Faithful and True | विश्वासू आनी खरो | viśvāsū āni kharo | High | Lordship of Christ; Assurance of Final Victory | 3:14; 19:11; 21:5; 22:6 | Christ’s absolute reliability, especially in executing judgment and reigning. |
| 54 | New heaven and new earth | नवें आकाश आनी नवी पृथ्वी | naveṃ ākāś āni navī pṛthvī | High | New Heaven and New Earth | 21:1 | καινός (qualitatively new) must be marked as final and non-repeating, resisting a cyclical-cosmology reading. |
| 55 | New Jerusalem | नवें जेरुसलेम | naveṃ jerusalem | High | New Heaven and New Earth; Church as Bride | 3:12; 21:2,9-27 | Established Devanagari Bible-transliteration form; must be distinguished from any contemporary political referent. |
| 56 | Tabernacle / dwelling of God (skēnē/skēnoō) | वस्ती / वस्ती करप | vastī / vastī karap | High | New Heaven and New Earth; Incarnation | 21:3 | Echoes John 1:14’s “the Word tabernacled among us” (baseline देहधारण); the final, permanent fulfillment of God’s dwelling with humanity — not a fresh avatar-style descent. |
| 57 | Curse (removed) | शाप | śāp | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | 22:3 | Complete removal of the Genesis curse’s effects. |
| 58 | River of the water of life | जिवीताच्या उदकाची न्हंय | jivitācyā udakācī nhaṃy | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | 22:1-2 | Eden’s river restored and perfected. |
| 59 | Freely / without cost (dōrean) | फुकट | phukaṭ | High | Grace; New Heaven and New Earth | 21:6; 22:17 | Reinforces baseline कृपा’s “unmerited” framing; must never suggest a reward for austerity/merit. |
| 60 | Cowardly | भ्याले / डरपोक | bhyāle / ḍarpok | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 21:8 | Failure of perseverance under pressure; negative counterpart to “overcomer.” |
| 61 | Unbelieving / faithless | अविश्वासी | aviśvāsī | High | Faith; Judgment of the Wicked | 21:8 | Direct antonym of baseline विश्वास. |
| 62 | Detestable / abominable | घृणास्पद | ghṛṇāspad | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 21:8 | Morally repugnant/defiled, echoing OT “abomination” (idolatry) language. |
| 63 | Sexually immoral | व्यभिचारी | vyabhicārī | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 21:8; 22:15 | |
| 64 | Sovereign Master (despotēs) | प्रभू (intensified) | prabhū | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 6:10 | Distinct Greek word from κύριος; retains established प्रभू with an intensified-address footnote. |
| 65 | Unclean spirits | अशुद्ध आत्मे | aśuddh ātme | High | Judgment of the Wicked; Sovereignty of God | 16:13-14; 18:2 | Must always be visibly distinguished from पवित्र आत्मा (Holy Spirit) by context. |
| 66 | Armageddon | हर्मगिदोन | harmagidon | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 16:16 | Transliterated proper place-name. |
| 67 | ”It is done” (Gegonan/Gegonen) | जालें / पुराय जालें | jāleṃ / purāy jāleṃ | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 16:17; 21:6 | Completion of God’s decreed plan. |
| 68 | Rod/scepter of iron | लोखंडाची काठी | lokhaṇḍācī kāṭhī | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | 12:5; 19:15 | Christ’s unyielding royal authority (Psalm 2:9). |
| 69 | 144,000 | १,४४,००० | ek lākh cavvāḷīs hazār | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 7:4; 14:1,3 | Symbolic totality of the redeemed covenant people, not a literal numeric cap. |
| 70 | Great multitude | मोटो लोकसमुदाय | moṭo lokasamudāy | Medium | Universal Scope of the Gospel | 7:9 | Reuses baseline universalism doctrine framing. |
| 71 | Servants (of God) | सेवक | sevak | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 1:1; 7:3; 22:3,6 | Devoted servant-worshipers, not caste-servants. |
| 72 | His name on their foreheads | ताचें नांव तांच्या कपाळार | tāceṃ nāṃv tāñcyā kapāḷār | High | Assurance of Salvation; Perseverance | 7:3; 14:1; 22:4 | Deliberate literary counterpart to the mark of the beast; requires the same pastoral care given Goan forehead-marking (tilak) practice. |
| 73 | ”I am coming soon” | हांव वेगीं येतां | hāṃv vegī̃ yetā̃ | High | Return and Reign of Christ | 22:7,12,20 | Certain, imminent return of Christ. |
| 74 | Revelation / unveiling (apokalypsis) | प्रगटीकरण | pragaṭīkaraṇ | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1:1 | Genre-defining term: apocalyptic symbolism is revealed truth, not private mystical speculation. |
| 75 | Hades | अधोलोक | adholok | High | Sovereignty of God over History; Judgment | 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14 | Temporary realm of the dead; must not be conflated with Hindu Naraka or an intermediate rebirth-waystation. |
Risk Summary (Section B, new Revelation-specific terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 17 | Human theologian review (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 26 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 27 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 5 | Automated review |
| Total new terms | 75 |
Combined with the 30 Critical/High baseline doctrines already carried over from Romans (Section A), this glossary confirms Revelation as a high-risk curriculum for the Konkani destination language, driven overwhelmingly by concrete, local religious-landscape collisions specific to Goa: naga/serpent shrine veneration (dragon/serpent imagery), Devchar/Rakhandar folk spirit-veneration (seven Spirits, unclean spirits, Satan/भूत), Shiva’s “Destroyer” epithet (Abaddon/Apollyon), Shakta goddess associations (Almighty/Pantokrator, wrath), murti/image worship (idolaters, worship of the Lamb vs. worship of the beast), forehead-marking practice (mark of the beast vs. name of God), consort-deity devotional pairing (Bride of Christ, marriage supper of the Lamb), and — most pervasively — the karma/rebirth worldview (book of life, works/deeds, second death, first resurrection, lake of fire).
This glossary must be loaded into translation_memory.json as new entries (version incremented) before Phase 2 segment translation of Revelation begins, per the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: देव
Transliteration: dev
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Retained as the established Bible term; every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence in Revelation (especially 21:3,7; 22:1,3, and the throne-room scenes of chs. 4-5) requires an exclusivity marker (एकच खरो देव), as in Romans.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: जेजू
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Unchanged; appears from 1:1 through 22:21.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालक
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘Lord of lords’ (17:14; 19:16) and the closing ‘Lord Jesus’ (22:20-21).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: pavitra ātmā
Doctrine: Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must always be visibly distinguished from the symbolic ‘seven Spirits of God’ (देवाचे सात आत्मे, this file) and from ‘unclean spirits’ (अशुद्ध आत्मे, this file) by context.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, निर्माणकार
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘his God and Father’ (1:6) and ‘my Father’ in the overcomer’s inheritance (3:5,21; 21:7).
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष, सुटका
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER मुक्ती or मोक्ष. Declared in the great multitude’s cry, ‘Salvation belongs to our God’ (7:10; 19:1).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: nītimattā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘the righteous acts of the saints’ (19:8, fine linen) — granted status/character, never धर्म-style cosmic duty.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: āropit nītimattā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: कमावलेली नीतिमत्ता
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the white robes of the redeemed (7:14, ‘washed… in the blood of the Lamb’) — purity received, never self-produced.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Underlies ‘the first resurrection’ (20:5-6, see first_resurrection this file), the two witnesses’ rising (11:11), and the general resurrection at judgment (20:12-13).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचो पुत्र
Transliteration: devāco putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवाचो अंश, देवपुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Christ at 2:18; must never be confused with the overcomer’s adoptive ‘son’ status (पुत्र, 21:7, this file) or with मनीसपुत्र (Son of Man, this file).
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीहा / ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: masīhā / khrist
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अभिषिक्त पुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (extended: running-text ख्रिस्त form also established). Central to ‘the kingdom… of our Lord and of his Christ’ (11:15) and ‘the marriage of the Lamb’ as Messiah’s consummated reign.
Lamb
Approved rendering: कोंकरूं
Transliteration: koṅkarū̃
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: बकरो, बोकडो
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
New term (28 occurrences: 5:6-14; 7:14,17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1-10; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,22-23; 22:1,3). The book’s central Christological title. Must be explicitly distinguished from regional Shakta animal-sacrifice (bali) practice: the Lamb is not an offering given to appease God from outside but God’s own once-for-all provision, himself worshiped as sovereign.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: अल्फा आनी ओमेगा
Transliteration: alfā āni omegā
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पयलो आनी निमाणो अक्षर (paraphrase alone)
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
New term (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Must be transliterated, never paraphrased away; requires footnote at first occurrence explaining the Greek-alphabet merism. Applied to both God the Father and, at 22:13, to Christ — a direct claim of Christ’s deity.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनीसपुत्र
Transliteration: manīsaputra
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New term (1:13; 14:14). Daniel 7 dominion title, not a claim of mere ordinary humanity; must be footnoted so readers do not mistake this for emphasis on Christ’s humanity alone. Complementary to, never a substitute for, देवाचो पुत्र.
Almighty Pantokrator
Approved rendering: सर्वसमर्थ
Transliteration: sarvasamarth
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: सर्वशक्तिमान
Original: Παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
New term (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:14; 19:6,15; 21:22). Deliberately built on सामर्थ्य rather than शक्ती, extending the baseline forbidden-substitution rule; रejects सर्वशक्तिमान given Shakta-goddess associations (Shantadurga/Mahalasa).
Seven Spirits Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे सात आत्मे
Transliteration: devāce sāt ātme
Doctrine: Holy Spirit and Sevenfold Fullness
Original: τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
New term (1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6). Symbolic reference to the one Holy Spirit’s fullness (cf. Isaiah 11:2), never seven distinct spirit-beings. Grave local collision risk given active Konkan folk veneration of multiple spirit-beings (Devchar, Rakhandar); mandatory footnote at every occurrence.
Worship Verb
Approved rendering: उपासना करप
Transliteration: upāsanā karap
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: भक्ती, पूजा
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
New term (4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 13:8,15; 14:9,11; 19:10; 22:9). Reserved exclusively for worship directed at God/the Lamb; the text’s explicit prohibitions of worshiping angels (19:10; 22:9) and the beast (13:8,15) must be preserved with equal force.
Beast
Approved rendering: श्वापद
Transliteration: śvāpad
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: जनावर (neutral animal)
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment
New term (chs. 11,13,14,15,16,17,19,20). Must consistently convey a monstrous, God-opposing power, never softened to a neutral ‘wild animal’ term.
Dragon Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: अजगर / मोटो सर्प
Transliteration: ajgar / moṭo sarp
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: δράκων / ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Judgment
New term (12:3-17; 20:2). Uniquely concrete Goan collision: naga/serpent shrine veneration is active local folk-Hindu practice (nagbans, Nag Panchami, serpent-stone shrines). Every occurrence requires a footnote identifying this dragon explicitly as Satan — never linked to naga deities.
Satan Proper Name
Approved rendering: सैतान
Transliteration: saitān
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: भूत
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Judgment
New term (2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2,7,10). Established transliteration. NEVER भूत (‘ghost/folk-spirit,’ tied to Devchar/Rakhandar folk-spirit veneration) — curriculum-specific forbidden substitution.
Second Death
Approved rendering: दुसरें मरण
Transliteration: dusreṃ maraṇ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
New term (2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8). Direct, concrete collision risk: a rebirth-cycle worldview could (mis)read ‘a second death’ as compatible with reincarnation. Mandatory footnote every occurrence: single, final, non-repeating judgment, opposite of rebirth.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: पयलें पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: payleṃ punaruthān
Doctrine: Millennial Reign of Christ
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
New term (20:5-6). Compounds the baseline’s existing Critical risk on पुनरुत्थान; never to be read through a reincarnation lens.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: आगीचें व्हरण
Transliteration: āgīceṃ vharaṇ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
New term (19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8). Must not be softened into a purifying/refining fire (resonance with Hindu yajna/agni ritual); this fire is punitive and final, never purificatory or cyclical.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: जिवीताचें पुस्तक
Transliteration: jivitāceṃ pustak
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation / Judgment of the Wicked
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
New term (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27). Must be sharply distinguished from Chitragupta’s karmic ledger in Hindu tradition; records belonging to Christ by grace, not accumulated merit/demerit.
Deeds Works Judgment Basis
Approved rendering: कृती
Transliteration: kṛtī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: कर्म
Original: τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Judgment
New term (2:23; 20:12-13; 22:12). Deliberately रendered कृती, NEVER कर्म (the ordinary Konkani/Marathi word for karma, carrying the full weight of Hindu karmic-rebirth doctrine). Mandatory footnote every occurrence: single, final, personal judgment by a personal God.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: देवाचें वचन
Transliteration: devāceṃ vacan
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New term (19:13). Personal Christological title echoing John 1:1,14 (baseline देहधारण doctrine); never confused with ‘the Bible’/generic teaching.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: राजांचो राजा आनी प्रभूंचो प्रभू
Transliteration: rājāñco rājā āni prabhūñco prabhū
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
New term (17:14; 19:16). Reuses baseline प्रभू; doubled superlative construction must always be retained intact, never abbreviated.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: कोंकरांचें लग्नाचें जेवण
Transliteration: koṅkarāceṃ lagnāceṃ jevaṇ
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New term (19:7,9). Must not be read through a consort-deity devotional lens (e.g. Vishnu-Lakshmi, Shiva-Parvati).
Bride Of Christ
Approved rendering: नवरी
Transliteration: navarī
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवी/देवाची बायल
Original: ἡ νύμφη
Category: Church
New term (19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17). नवरी must be anchored by context/notes to a covenant relationship (करार), never a consort-deity pairing implying shared divinity.
Death Abolished
Approved rendering: मरण (सदाची सारकें सोपप)
Transliteration: maraṇ
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι
Category: Eschatology
New term (21:4). Must never be footnoted in a way that suggests death is merely paused before another rebirth; this is death’s permanent end, distinct from second_death (the unrepentant’s final judgment).
Covenant Formula I Will Be His God
Approved rendering: हांव ताचो देव जातलों आनी तो म्हजो पुत्र जातलो
Transliteration: hāṃv tāco dev jātalõ āni to mhajo putra jātalo
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεὸς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι υἱός
Category: Covenant
New term (21:7). Fulfills the OT covenant formula (Genesis 17:7; Exodus 6:7). देव must carry the exclusivity marker एकच खरो देव; this is a personal covenant bond, not a generic deity-devotee relationship.
Burning With Fire And Sulfur
Approved rendering: आग आनी गंधकान जळटा
Transliteration: āg āni gandhakān jaḷṭā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: καιομένη πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ
Category: Judgment
New term (21:8; cf. 19:20; 20:10). Must not be softened into a purifying/refining fire (resonance with Hindu yajna/agni ritual); punitive and final, not purificatory or cyclical.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुवार्ता
Transliteration: suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बरी खबर, शुभवर्तमान
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation 14:6 qualified as ‘eternal gospel’ (सार्वकालीन सुवार्ता, this file) — the same unchanging good news proclaimed amid final judgment.
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, नशीब
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Closes the book (22:21) and grounds the invitation of 21:6/22:17 (‘freely’, फुकट, this file); must never read as a reward for austerity or accumulated merit.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvās
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ती
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘faithful’ (πιστός) as both divine and human trait throughout Revelation (2:10,13; 13:10; 14:12; 17:14) and its direct antonym ‘unbelieving’ (अविश्वासी, this file).
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध, निर्मळ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘Holy, holy, holy’ (4:8) and ‘the holy city’ (21:2,10; 22:19).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, भक्त
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to the martyred and persevering believers throughout Revelation (5:8; 8:3-4; 13:7,10; 14:12; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8); never संत (Varkari bhakti-poet tradition).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Undergirds ‘let the one who is holy still be holy’ (22:11).
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक पुत्र करून घेणें
Transliteration: dattak putra karun ghenẽ
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: दत्तक घेणें
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the overcomer’s promised sonship (21:7); must be distinguished from Christ’s unique देवाचो पुत्र.
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, देवीतेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The New Jerusalem’s radiance is entirely derivative of ‘the glory of God’ (21:11,23-24,26) — never an independent divine luster of the city itself.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: समजूत
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘the ark of the covenant’ seen in the opened heavenly sanctuary (11:19, see ark_of_the_covenant this file).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दावीदाच्या वंशांतलो
Transliteration: dāvīdācyā vanśāntlo
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ / ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation appears as ‘the Root of David’ (5:5; 22:16), requiring the same OT covenant background as Romans 1:3.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘called, chosen, and faithful’ describing those with the Lamb at Armageddon (17:14).
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावणें
Transliteration: bolāvaṇẽ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रण
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained for cross-curriculum consistency though less frequent in Revelation’s own vocabulary.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘he has freed us from our sins by his blood’ (1:5) and Babylon’s sins ‘piled up as high as heaven’ (18:5).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: δύναμις τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER शक्ती. Underlies ‘now have come the salvation and the power’ (12:10) and grounds the derived compound सर्वसमर्थ (Almighty, this file).
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘chosen’ in ‘called, chosen, and faithful’ (17:14) — sovereign selection, not karma-determined destiny.
Providence
Approved rendering: देवाची तरतूद
Transliteration: devācī tartūd
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
Original: πρόνοια (cf. Rev 4:11; 11:17-18)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘you created all things, and by your will they existed’ (4:11) and the seals/trumpets/bowls unfolding under God’s control.
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Ἀββά
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; not itself present in Revelation’s Greek text but retained for cross-curriculum consistency of the Father/adoption doctrine.
Heavenly Sanctuary
Approved rendering: पवित्रस्थान
Transliteration: pavitrasthān
Doctrine: Presence of God / Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर
Original: ναός
Category: Worship
New term (3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2,19; 14:15,17; 15:5-8; 16:1,17; 21:22). Deliberately avoids मंदिर (strong Hindu-temple association, already excluded for church in the baseline).
Priests Priesthood
Approved rendering: याजक
Transliteration: yājak
Doctrine: Priesthood of All Believers
Original: ἱερεῖς / βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
New term (1:6; 5:10; 20:6). Sensitive given prominent Brahmin priestly-caste structures in Goan Hindu society; must be taught as belonging to every believer, not an inherited hereditary office.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: खोटो संदेष्टा
Transliteration: khoṭo sandeṣṭā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment
New term (13:11-15; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10). Built on baseline संदेष्टा negated by खोटो (‘false’).
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: श्वापदाची खूण
Transliteration: śvāpadācī khūṇ
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast versus Seal/Name of God
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
New term (13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). Striking local resonance with tilak/kumkum/vibhuti forehead-marking practices; teaching notes must handle the text’s own internal contrast (13:16 vs. 14:1; 22:4) pastorally, not as a blunt cultural equivalence.
Idolaters
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजक
Transliteration: mūrtipūjak
Doctrine: Warning Against Idolatry
Original: εἰδωλολάτραι
Category: Judgment
New term (21:8; 22:15). Extremely sensitive given central place of मूर्ति (image) worship in Goan Hindu temple devotion; must be handled as a theological category requiring pastoral care, never a slur.
Sorcerers
Approved rendering: मंत्रवादी / जादूगार
Transliteration: mantravādī / jādūgār
Doctrine: Warning Against Occult Practice
Original: φαρμακοί
Category: Judgment
New term (9:21; 21:8; 22:15). Relevant given regional mantra-tantra folk healing/exorcism practice; frame as biblical prohibition of occult power-seeking, not blanket cultural condemnation.
Millennium Thousand Years
Approved rendering: हजार वर्सां
Transliteration: hazār varsā̃
Doctrine: Millennial Reign of Christ
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
New term (20:1-7). Literal numeral is straightforward, but teaching materials must flag differing evangelical millennial views (premillennial/amillennial/postmillennial) so no single scheme is silently imposed.
Overcomer
Approved rendering: जिकोवपी
Transliteration: jikovpī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance
New term (2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 12:11; 21:7). Endurance sustained by Christ’s own victory (12:11), never self-achieved spiritual attainment or worldly conquest.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: कोप
Transliteration: kop
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἡ ὀργή
Category: Judgment
New term (6:16-17; 11:18; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15). Must be distinguished from capricious deity-wrath in regional Puranic narrative; this is judicial, consistent, and just.
Judgment Verdict
Approved rendering: निवाडो
Transliteration: nivāḍo
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: κρίμα
Category: Judgment
New term (14:7; 16:5,7; 18:10,20; 19:2; 20:4,12-13). The authoritative legal verdict rendered by God.
Perseverance Endurance
Approved rendering: सहनशीलता / धीर धरप
Transliteration: sahanaśīlatā / dhīr dharap
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: तपस्या
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
New term (1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12). Sustained by Christ’s own victory, not self-generated ascetic-merit endurance.
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: साक्ष
Transliteration: sākṣa
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
New term (1:2,9; 6:9; 11:7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4). Faithful testimony to Christ including unto death; must not collapse into a merely generic legal-witness sense.
Abyss Bottomless Pit
Approved rendering: अगाध खाडी
Transliteration: agādh khāḍī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἡ ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment
New term (9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1-3). Risk of conflation with Patala, the Hindu netherworld associated with the Nagas; footnote as confinement for evil powers under God’s sovereign control, not a parallel cosmological realm.
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: अबद्दोन / अपोल्लीयोन
Transliteration: abaddon / apollīyon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: नाशकर्ता (paraphrase ‘the Destroyer’)
Original: Ἀβαδδὼν / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Judgment
New term (9:11). Concrete local collision: ‘the Destroyer’ title popularly associated with Shiva in the Trimurti; transliterate rather than translate, and footnote explicitly denying equivalence to Shiva.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: दोन साक्षीदार
Transliteration: don sākṣīdār
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance
New term (11:3-12). Faithful witness vindicated by resurrection.
Great Prostitute
Approved rendering: मोटी वेश्या
Transliteration: moṭī veśyā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
New term (17:1,5,15-16; 19:2). Must be taught as symbolic apocalyptic imagery for an apostate religious-political system, never as literal condemnation of any person, gender, ethnicity, or contemporary religious community.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: विश्वासू आनी खरो
Transliteration: viśvāsū āni kharo
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Assurance of Final Victory
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
New term (3:14; 19:11; 21:5; 22:6). Christ’s absolute reliability, especially in executing judgment and reigning.
New Heaven And New Earth
Approved rendering: नवें आकाश आनी नवी पृथ्वी
Transliteration: naveṃ ākāś āni navī pṛthvī
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
New term (21:1). καινός (qualitatively new) must be marked as final and non-repeating, resisting a cyclical-cosmology reading tied to Goan Hindu cosmology (yuga cycles).
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: नवें जेरुसलेम
Transliteration: naveṃ jerusalem
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth / Church as Bride
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology
New term (3:12; 21:2,9-27). Established Devanagari Bible-transliteration form; must be visibly distinguished from any contemporary political referent.
Tabernacle Dwelling Of God
Approved rendering: वस्ती / वस्ती करप
Transliteration: vastī / vastī karap
Doctrine: Consummation of the Incarnation
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Eschatology
New term (21:3). Echoes John 1:14’s ‘the Word tabernacled among us’ (baseline देहधारण); footnote required so this reads as the final, permanent fulfillment of God’s dwelling with humanity, not a fresh avatar-style descent.
Freely Without Cost
Approved rendering: फुकट
Transliteration: phukaṭ
Doctrine: Grace
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
New term (21:6; 22:17). Reinforces baseline कृपा’s ‘unmerited’ framing; must never suggest a reward for austerity or accumulated merit within a karma-worldview.
Unbelieving Faithless
Approved rendering: अविश्वासी
Transliteration: aviśvāsī
Doctrine: Faith / Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἄπιστοι
Category: Faith
New term (21:8). Direct antonym of baseline विश्वास.
Unclean Spirits
Approved rendering: अशुद्ध आत्मे
Transliteration: aśuddh ātme
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked / Sovereignty of God
Original: πνεύματα ἀκάθαρτα
Category: Judgment
New term (16:13-14; 18:2). Must always be visibly distinguished from पवित्र आत्मा (Holy Spirit) by context.
Name On Foreheads
Approved rendering: ताचें नांव तांच्या कपाळार
Transliteration: tāceṃ nāṃv tāñcyā kapāḷār
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast versus Seal/Name of God
Original: τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν
Category: Assurance
New term (7:3; 14:1; 22:4). Deliberate literary counterpart to the mark of the beast; requires the same careful pastoral handling given Goan tilak/kumkum forehead-marking practice.
Coming Soon
Approved rendering: हांव वेगीं येतां
Transliteration: hāṃv vegī̃ yetā̃
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Eschatology
New term (22:7,12,20). Certain, imminent return of Christ; fixed formula, must remain identical at all three occurrences.
Hades
Approved rendering: अधोलोक
Transliteration: adholok
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
New term (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). Must not be conflated with Hindu Naraka (hell-realm) or an intermediate state preceding reincarnation.
Qualitatively New Kainos
Approved rendering: नवें
Transliteration: naveṃ
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
Underlies ‘new heaven,’ ‘new earth,’ ‘new Jerusalem,’ ‘new song’ (5:9; 14:3), and ‘I make all things new’ (21:5). Must be paired with a translator note distinguishing final, non-repeating renewal from a repeating cosmic cycle (yuga).
Descending From God
Approved rendering: देंवत आयिल्ली
Transliteration: deṃvat āyillī
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ / Grace
Original: καταβαίνουσαν… ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
New term (21:2,10). Must preserve directionality (God to humanity), safeguarding against a merit/ascent-based misreading, paralleling baseline कृपा.
One Seated On Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासनार बसिल्लो (देव)
Transliteration: siṃhāsanār basillo (dev)
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ
Category: God
New term (4:2-11; 21:5). Must be tagged as देव with an exclusivity marker per baseline convention.
I Make All Things New
Approved rendering: सगळें नवें करतां
Transliteration: sagaḷeṃ naveṃ kartāṃ
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History / New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: God
New term (21:5). Culmination of God’s sovereignty over history in cosmic renewal; present tense, ongoing authoritative act.
Adoptive Sonship Of Overcomer
Approved rendering: पुत्र
Transliteration: putra
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱός
Category: Salvation
New term (21:7). Must be clearly distinguished in translator notes from देवाचो पुत्र (Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship); this is adoptive sonship, building on baseline दत्तक पुत्र करून घेणें.
Medium Risk Terms
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: देवाचें राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the seventh trumpet’s declaration (11:15): ‘the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ.‘
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed as the seven churches of Asia (chs. 2-3) and implicitly the whole Church throughout.
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, गुरू
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Named as one of the twelve foundations of the New Jerusalem (21:14); tested against false claimants (2:2).
David
Approved rendering: दावीद
Transliteration: dāvīd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Christ holds ‘the key of David’ (3:7) and is ‘the Root and descendant of David’ (5:5; 22:16).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the 144,000 ‘from every tribe of the sons of Israel’ (7:4) and the twelve gates named for Israel’s tribes (21:12).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: परराष्ट्रीय
Transliteration: pararāṣṭrīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the universal formula ‘every tribe, tongue, people, and nation’ (5:9; 7:9; 14:6).
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख, समाधान
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the epistolary greeting ‘grace to you and peace’ (1:4).
Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासन
Transliteration: siṃhāsan
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
New term, generic in Konkani (used of any king’s or deity’s seat); must always be paired with देव/प्रभू/कोंकरूं context to preserve exclusivity. Central image chs. 4-5, 20-22.
Worthy
Approved rendering: योग्य
Transliteration: yogya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
New term (4:11; 5:2,4,9,12). Foundational worship confession, ‘Worthy is the Lamb.‘
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: श्वापदाचो आंकडो (६६६)
Transliteration: śvāpadāco āṅkaḍo
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ (666)
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
New term (13:18). Footnote should discourage speculative modern numerological application.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: जिवीताचें झाड
Transliteration: jivitāceṃ jhāḍ
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
New term (2:7; 22:2,14,19). Restoration of Edenic communion with God, forfeited at the Fall.
Seal Sealing
Approved rendering: मोहर / शिक्को मारप
Transliteration: mohor / śikko mārap
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: God
New term (5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4; 20:3; 22:10). Mark of ownership, authentication, protection, God’s sovereign control over history.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: मिखाएल महादूत
Transliteration: mikhāel mahādūt
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Μιχαὴλ / ἀρχάγγελος
Category: God
New term (12:7). Proper name plus title ‘archangel’.
Accuser
Approved rendering: आरोप करपी
Transliteration: ārop karpī
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ κατήγωρ
Category: Assurance
New term (12:10). Satan’s defeated role as prosecutor.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: सूर्य लेवपी बायल
Transliteration: sūrya levpī bāyal
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
New term (12:1-17). Regional solar/goddess devotional imagery makes this figure ripe for misreading; footnote must clarify she represents God’s covenant people, not a divine consort or goddess.
Four Living Creatures
Approved rendering: चार जिवंत प्राणी
Transliteration: cār jivant prāṇī
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: τὰ τέσσαρα ζῷα
Category: Worship
New term (4:6-9; 5:6,8,14; 6:1-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4). Superficial resemblance to Hindu deity-vehicles (vahana: Garuda, Nandi, Simha); footnote should clarify these are worshiping creatures, not vehicles or avatar-forms.
Bowls Of Wrath
Approved rendering: कोपाचे कटोरे
Transliteration: kopāce kaṭore
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: αἱ φιάλαι τοῦ θυμοῦ
Category: Judgment
New term (15:7; 16:1-21; 17:1; 21:9). Completed outpouring of God’s righteous judgment.
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: कराराची पेटी
Transliteration: karārācī peṭī
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
New term (11:19). Reuses baseline करार.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: सार्वकालीन सुवार्ता
Transliteration: sārvakālīn suvārtā
Doctrine: Gospel / Universal Scope of the Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
New term (14:6), built on baseline सुवार्ता, qualified as everlasting.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: बाबेल (महान)
Transliteration: bābel (mahān)
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
New term (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21). Symbolic name for the God-opposing world-system, doomed to fall.
Curse Removed
Approved rendering: शाप
Transliteration: śāp
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάθεμα
Category: Eschatology
New term (22:3). Complete removal of the effects of the Genesis curse.
River Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: जिवीताच्या उदकाची न्हंय
Transliteration: jivitācyā udakācī nhaṃy
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
New term (21:6; 22:1-2). Eden’s river restored and perfected.
Cowardly
Approved rendering: भ्याले / डरपोक
Transliteration: bhyāle / ḍarpok
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλοί
Category: Perseverance
New term (21:8). Failure of perseverance under pressure; negative counterpart to ‘overcomer’.
Detestable Abominable
Approved rendering: घृणास्पद
Transliteration: ghṛṇāspad
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἐβδελυγμένοι
Category: Judgment
New term (21:8). Morally repugnant/defiled, echoing OT abomination/idolatry language.
Sexually Immoral
Approved rendering: व्यभिचारी
Transliteration: vyabhicārī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: πόρνοι
Category: Judgment
New term (21:8; 22:15).
Sovereign Master Despotes
Approved rendering: प्रभू (उग्र संबोधन)
Transliteration: prabhū (intensified address)
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ δεσπότης
Category: God
New term (6:10). Distinct Greek word (δεσπότης) from κύριος; retains established प्रभू with a footnote noting the intensified ‘Master/Owner’ sense.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: जालें / पुराय जालें
Transliteration: jāleṃ / purāy jāleṃ
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Γέγονεν / Γέγοναν
Category: God
New term (16:17; 21:6). Declaration of the completion of God’s decreed plan.
Rod Of Iron
Approved rendering: लोखंडाची काठी
Transliteration: lokhaṇḍācī kāṭhī
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ῥάβδος σιδηρᾶ
Category: Christology
New term (12:5; 19:15). Symbol of the Messiah’s unyielding royal authority (Psalm 2:9).
Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: १,४४,०००
Transliteration: ek lākh cavvāḷīs hazār
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
New term (7:4; 14:1,3). Symbolic totality of the redeemed covenant people, not a literal headcount limit; footnote required.
Great Multitude
Approved rendering: मोटो लोकसमुदाय
Transliteration: moṭo lokasamudāy
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel
Original: ὄχλος πολύς
Category: Church
New term (7:9). Reuses baseline universal-scope-of-the-gospel doctrine framing.
Servants Of God
Approved rendering: सेवक
Transliteration: sevak
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ
Category: Church
New term (1:1; 7:3; 22:3,6). Devoted servant-worshipers, not caste-servants.
Revelation Unveiling
Approved rendering: प्रगटीकरण
Transliteration: pragaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: दृष्टांत, भविष्यफळ
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
New term (1:1). Genre-defining term; also the established Konkani title of the book itself. Readers must understand apocalyptic symbolism is revealed truth, not private mystical speculation or astrology.
No More Sea
Approved rendering: दर्या न्हय
Transliteration: daryā nhay
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι
Category: Eschatology
New term (21:1). Must not be flattened to mere geography; footnote should preserve the symbolic ‘no more chaos/abyss’ sense (cf. 13:1, beast from the sea).
Holy City
Approved rendering: पवित्र नगर
Transliteration: pavitra nagar
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἡ πόλις ἡ ἁγία
Category: Church
New term (21:2,10; 22:19), built on baseline पवित्र.
Peoples Laoi
Approved rendering: लोक
Transliteration: lok
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: λαοί
Category: Church
New term (21:3; cf. 7:9). Deliberately plural in the best manuscripts, reuses baseline unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine framing.
Thirsty Invitation
Approved rendering: तान लागिल्ल्याक
Transliteration: tān lāgillyāk
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel
Original: τῷ διψῶντι
Category: Salvation
New term (21:6; 22:17). Open invitation to anyone longing for eternal life.
Inheritance Kleronomeo
Approved rendering: वारसो मेळटलो
Transliteration: vāraso meḷṭalo
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
New term (21:7). Full inheritance rights granted to the overcomer as God’s child; echoes baseline adoption (दत्तक पुत्र करून घेणें).
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: संदेष्टा
Transliteration: sandeṣṭā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the two witnesses (11:10); negated as ‘false prophet’ (खोटो संदेष्टा, this file).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफळ
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Names the genre of the whole book (1:3; 22:7,10,18-19).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavād
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in heavenly worship formulas (4:9; 7:12; 11:17).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: इश्टागत, समाज
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; retained for consistency though Revelation expresses corporate belonging chiefly through ‘saints’ and ‘servants’ vocabulary.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: हल्लेलूया
Transliteration: hallelūyā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
New term, used only here in the NT (19:1,3,4,6). Established transliteration per baseline convention.
Amen
Approved rendering: आमेन
Transliteration: āmen
Doctrine: Worship
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Worship
New term to Revelation’s usage (1:6,7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21). Established transliteration per baseline convention.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: चोवीस वडील
Transliteration: covīs vaḍīl
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
New term (4:4,10; 5:5-14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4). Corporate representation of the redeemed.
Sealed Scroll
Approved rendering: सात मोहरांची गुंडाळी
Transliteration: sāt moharāñcī guṇḍāḷī
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: βιβλίον ἑπτασφράγιστον
Category: God
New term (5:1-9; 6:1-14; 8:1). God’s sovereign redemptive plan, sealed and opened only by the Lamb.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: तुतारी
Transliteration: tutārī
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: God
New term (8:2-13; 9:1,13; 10:7; 11:15). Divine announcement of judgment stages.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: हर्मगिदोन
Transliteration: harmagidon
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Judgment
New term (16:16). Transliterated proper place-name.
Murderers
Approved rendering: खुनी
Transliteration: khunī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: φονεῖς
Category: Judgment
New term (21:8; 22:15).
Liars
Approved rendering: खोटें बोलपी
Transliteration: khoṭeṃ bolpī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ψευδεῖς / ὁ ποιῶν ψεῦδος
Category: Judgment
New term (21:8; 22:15). Contrasted with God who is ‘faithful and true’ (v.5).
Referenced passages