Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: James
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all five chapters of James. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked REUSE and their baseline rendering is repeated here verbatim — it must never be altered for this curriculum. Terms new to the James curriculum are marked NEW and are proposed here for addition to the shared translation memory (pending Phase 2 theologian sign-off on Critical/High items).
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline risk_definitions)
- Status: REUSE (from Romans TM, unchanged) / NEW (introduced by James)
- Doctrine: one of the nine assigned curriculum doctrines, or a supporting doctrine surfaced in analysis
A. Faith and Works
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις | pistis | विश्वास | High | REUSE | Baseline term; James 2:14-26 tests whether professed faith is genuine. |
| works | ἔργα | erga | कामां | Critical | NEW | Deliberately NOT कर्म/कर्मां, to avoid Hindu karma-merit collision (parallel to baseline’s rejection of कर्मफळ for grace). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence in ch.2. |
| dead faith | νεκρὰ πίστις | nekra pistis | मेल्लो विश्वास | High | NEW | James 2:17,26; faith without works is not weak but absent. |
| justification/justified | δικαιόω | dikaioō | नीतिमान ठरवणें / नीतिमान ठरता | Critical | REUSE + James-specific gloss | Same verb as Romans 3:28/4. James’s sense = demonstrative vindication before observers; Paul’s sense = forensic verdict before God. Mandatory cross-reference note to Romans at every James occurrence. |
| imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη…εἰς δικαιοσύνην | elogisthē…eis dikaiosynēn | आरोपित नीतिमत्ता | Critical | REUSE | James 2:23 quotes the identical Genesis 15:6 clause as Romans 4:3. |
| show/demonstrate | δεῖξον/δείξω | deixon/deixō | दाखोवप | High | NEW | Works are evidence of faith, not its source. |
| working together | συνήργει | synērgei | विश्वासान कामां वांगडा मेळून काम केलें | High | NEW | Faith and works as co-active, not sequential. |
| completed/perfected | ἐτελειώθη | eteleiōthē | पुराय जालो | High | NEW | Works bring faith to its mature, intended expression. |
| friend of God | φίλος θεοῦ | philos theou | देवाचो इश्ट | High | NEW | Of Abraham; covenant intimacy, not guru-devotee or bhakta-devata relation. |
| useless/barren | ἀργή | argē | निकामी | High | NEW | James 2:20; some MSS read νεκρά (“dead”) here. |
| save (soteriological sense) | σῴζω | sōzō | तारावंक शकता / तारप | Critical | REUSE | James 2:14 rhetorical Q; James 5:20 (soul from death) — soteriological uses. Contrast with healing sense below. |
B. Trials and the Testing of Faith
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trial (positive sense) | πειρασμός | peirasmos | परीक्षा | High | NEW | James 1:2-3,12; external testing that proves/matures faith. |
| temptation (negative sense) | πειρασμός/πειράζω | peirasmos/peirazō | मोह | High | NEW | James 1:13-14; internal enticement to sin, never from God. Same Greek root as “trial” — must be disambiguated by context, two distinct Konkani words required. |
| testing/genuineness | δοκίμιον | dokimion | परीक्षण | High | NEW | The proving process itself. |
| steadfastness/endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | स्थिरता | High | NEW | Endurance under trial/pressure (ch.1); also of Job (5:11). Distinguish from μακροθυμία below. |
| crown of life | στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς | stephanos tēs zōēs | जिविताचो मुकुट | Medium | NEW | Eschatological reward for enduring trial; not a deity’s ornamental crown. |
C. Wisdom from Above
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wisdom | σοφία | sophia | शहाणपण | High | NEW | Avoid प्रज्ञा (Buddhist/Hindu philosophical resonance) and bare ज्ञान (too intellectualist). |
| wisdom from above | σοφία ἄνωθεν | sophia anōthen | वयल्यान येवपी शहाणपण | High | NEW | James 3:15,17. |
| earthly wisdom | ἐπίγειος (σοφία) | epigeios (sophia) | पृथ्वीचें (शहाणपण) | Medium | NEW | Contrasted with heavenly wisdom. |
| natural/soulish wisdom | ψυχική (σοφία) | psychikē (sophia) | मनीसपणाचें (शहाणपण) | High | NEW | Merely human, unaided by the Spirit; not to be confused with Holy-Spirit-given wisdom. |
| demonic wisdom | δαιμονιώδης (σοφία) | daimoniōdēs (sophia) | भूतकी (शहाणपण) | High | NEW | Same भुतां-family caution as “demons” below. |
| meekness | πραΰτης | prautēs | सौम्यता | Medium | NEW | Strength under control, manner of true wisdom (3:13). |
| fruit of righteousness | καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης | karpos dikaiosynēs | नीतिमत्तेचें फळ | High | NEW | Reuses baseline नीतिमत्ता. |
| envy/selfish ambition | ζῆλος, ἐριθεία | zēlos, eritheia | ईर्षा, स्वार्थीपण | Low | NEW | Roots of earthly-wisdom disorder. |
D. Favoritism and the Poor
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| favoritism/partiality | προσωποληψία | prosōpolēpsia | पक्षपात | High | NEW | Directly reinforces baseline caste-sensitivity notes (Unity of Jews and Gentiles; Universal Human Accountability). |
| poor | πτωχός | ptōchos | गरीब | Medium | NEW | |
| rich | πλούσιος | plousios | श्रीमंत | Medium | NEW | Often morally negative in James (cf. 5:1-6). |
| assembly/synagogue | συναγωγή | synagōgē | सभा | Medium | NEW | Distinct Greek word from baseline’s ἐκκλησία/मंडळी; referent is functionally the same community. |
| royal law | νόμος βασιλικός | nomos basilikos | राजकी नियम | Medium | NEW | Reuses baseline नियमशास्त्र root. |
| the prostitute (Rahab) | ἡ πόρνη | hē pornē | गणिका | Medium | NEW | Paired with Abraham in 2:21-25 to undercut social/ethnic hierarchy. |
E. Taming the Tongue
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tongue | γλῶσσα | glōssa | जीब | Low | NEW | |
| teacher | διδάσκαλος | didaskalos | शिक्षक | Medium | NEW | Avoid गुरू (guru-disciple authority collision, per baseline’s apostle caution). |
| hell/Gehenna | γέεννα | geenna | गेहेन्ना | High | NEW | Avoid unglossed नरक (risks assimilation to cyclical, purgatorial Hindu/Buddhist narak within samsara); transliterate with explanatory note. |
| image/likeness of God | καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν θεοῦ | kath’ homoiōsin theou | देवाच्या सारक्यान रचिल्लें | High | NEW | Foundational to the wrongness of cursing people; reinforces anti-caste-hierarchy force. |
| world of unrighteousness | κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας | kosmos tēs adikias | अनीतिमत्तेचें जग | Medium | NEW | Reuses जग (never संसार) and negated नीतिमत्ता. |
| blessing and cursing | εὐλογία καὶ κατάρα | eulogia kai katara | आशिर्वाद आनी शाप | Low | NEW |
F. Worldliness versus Friendship with God
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| world | κόσμος | kosmos | जग | Critical | NEW | NEVER संसार — direct collision with the baseline-forbidden मुक्ती/मोक्ष rebirth-cycle concept. |
| friendship with the world | φιλία τοῦ κόσμου | philia tou kosmou | जगा वांगडा इश्टागत | High | NEW | इश्टागत (ordinary friendship) here, distinct from baseline’s सहभागिता (koinonia), which remains reserved for the positive doctrinal sense. |
| enmity with God | ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ | echthra tou theou | देवा वांगडा वैर | High | NEW | Reuses देव with exclusivity marker. |
| desire/lust | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | दुर्वासना | High | NEW | Never वासना (Hindu karmic-impression collision). |
| pleasures/passions | ἡδοναί | hēdonai | वाईट भोग | Medium | NEW | Qualify भोग with “वाईट” to avoid invoking the bhoga/moksha philosophical polarity. |
| adulteresses (spiritual) | μοιχαλίδες | moichalides | व्यभिचारी | Medium | NEW | Covenant-unfaithfulness metaphor, not a literal charge. |
| resist the devil | ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ | antistēte tō diabolō | सैतानाक विरोध करात | High | NEW | सैतान preferred over राक्षस (avoids specific Puranic demon-figure associations). |
| draw near to God | ἐγγίσατε τῷ θεῷ | engisate tō theō | देवाजवळ सर्पात | Medium | NEW | |
| humble yourselves | ταπεινώθητε | tapeinōthēte | लीन जावचे | Low | NEW | |
| if the Lord wills | Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ | ean ho kyrios thelēsē | प्रभूची इच्छा जाल्यार | Medium | NEW | Resonant with baseline providence doctrine (देवाची तरतूद); not fatalistic नशीब/प्रारब्ध. |
| double-minded | δίψυχος | dipsychos | दोन मनांचो | Medium | NEW | Divided allegiance, not mere intellectual uncertainty. |
| pure religion | θρησκεία | thrēskeia | देवसेवा | Critical | NEW | Never धर्म or भक्ती (both baseline-forbidden collision terms). |
G. Prayer and Healing
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elders (of the church) | πρεσβύτεροι | presbyteroi | मंडळीचे वडील | High | NEW | Reuses baseline मंडळी; वडील avoids guru-disciple connotation. |
| anoint with oil | ἀλείψαντες ἐλαίῳ | aleipsantes elaiō | तेल घालप | Medium | NEW | Distinguish from Hindu ritual deity-anointing (abhishekam); not sacramentally efficacious apart from prayer “in the name of the Lord.” |
| save/heal (physical sense) | σῴζω / ἰάομαι | sōzō / iaomai | बरें करप / बरो जावप | Critical | NEW | Must NOT use तारण here — physical healing sense, distinct from the soteriological सोझो occurrences elsewhere in James (2:14; 5:20). |
| raise up | ἐγερεῖ | egerei | उठोवप | High | NEW | Must NOT use पुनरुत्थान (baseline’s reserved resurrection term) — this is restoration from sickbed, not bodily resurrection. |
| sick | ἀσθενεῖ | asthenei | पिडेस्त | Medium | NEW | |
| effective prayer | δέησις…ἐνεργουμένη | deēsis…energoumenē | परिणामकारक प्रार्थना | High | NEW | Spirit-empowered, not merit-earned ritual efficacy. Reuses baseline नीतिमान (righteous) adjective family. |
H. Patience and the Lord’s Return
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| patience (forbearance) | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | धीर | High | NEW | Distinguished from ὑπομονή/स्थिरता (endurance under trial); μακροθυμία = forbearance while waiting for the Lord’s return. |
| coming (Parousia) | παρουσία | parousia | प्रभूचें येणें | High | NEW | Christ’s one, still-future, personal return — never framed as a repeated/cyclical avatar-descent, per the same logic as the baseline’s Incarnation caution. |
| Lord of Sabaoth/hosts | κύριος Σαβαώθ | kyrios Sabaōth | प्रभू सबाथ | Medium | NEW | Reuses baseline प्रभू; transliterate Sabaoth with gloss (“Lord of Hosts”). |
| establish your hearts | στηρίξατε τὰς καρδίας | stērixate tas kardias | काळजां घट्ट धरात | Medium | NEW | |
| Judge (Christ as) | ὁ κριτής | ho kritēs | न्यायाधीश | Medium | NEW | Divine, imminent Judge, not merely a human magistrate. |
| Job’s steadfastness | ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ | hypomonē Iōb | इयोबाची स्थिरता | Medium | NEW | Reuses स्थिरता; इयोब (Job) new proper name. |
| oath | ὀμνύω | omnyō | आन घेवप | Low | NEW |
I. Confession and Restoration
| English Term | Greek | Translit | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| confess (sins) | ἐξομολογεῖσθε | exomologeisthe | पापांची कबुली दिवप | High | NEW | Mutual, horizontal confession among believers — distinct from the Catholic sacrament of Confession/Reconciliation to a priest, a distinction of particular importance for Goan Catholic-background hearers. |
| turn back (a sinner) | ἐπιστρέψῃ | epistrepsē | परत आणप | High | NEW | Pastoral restoration of a straying believer. |
| save a soul from death | σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου | sōsei psychēn ek thanatou | जिवाक मरणांतल्यान तारप | Critical | NEW | Soteriological sense (contrast with 5:15’s healing sense of the same root verb) — reuses तारण family. |
| cover a multitude of sins | καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | kalypsei plēthos hamartiōn | पापांचेर पांघरूण घालप | Medium | NEW | Gracious FRUIT of gospel-restoration, not a self-earned atoning act; reuses baseline पाप. |
J. Foundational / Cross-Cutting Terms (reused verbatim from baseline; apply throughout James)
| English Term | Konkani | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | देव | Critical | REUSE | Always with exclusivity marker in load-bearing contexts (e.g. James 2:19, “God is one”). |
| Lord | प्रभू | Critical | REUSE | James 5:7-8,10-11,14-15; the coming/Parousia passages. |
| Father | पिता | Critical | REUSE | James 1:17,27; 3:9. |
| grace | कृपा | High | REUSE | James 4:6, “God gives grace to the humble.” |
| sin | पाप | High | REUSE | Throughout; esp. James 1:15; 5:15-16,20. |
| law | नियमशास्त्र | High | REUSE | James 1:25; 2:8-12; 4:11-12, with James-specific “perfect/royal law” compounds. |
| righteousness | नीतिमत्ता | Critical | REUSE | James 1:20; 2:23; 3:18. |
| justification/justified | नीतिमान ठरवणें | Critical | REUSE + gloss | See Faith and Works section above; mandatory Romans cross-reference note. |
| imputed righteousness | आरोपित नीतिमत्ता | Critical | REUSE | James 2:23. |
| church | मंडळी | Medium | REUSE | James 5:14. |
| peace | शांती | Medium | REUSE | James 2:16 (mundane greeting sense — flag distinction from Romans 5:1’s theological sense); James 3:18 (theological, “sown in peace”). |
| Abraham | अब्राहाम | Low | REUSE | James 2:21-23. |
| father (Abraham as “our father”) | पिता | Critical | REUSE | James 2:21. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- δικαιόω/justified: every occurrence in James 2:14-26 must carry a translator’s note distinguishing James’s demonstrative/vindication sense from Romans’ forensic sense, and must be flagged for mandatory human theologian review per the Escalation Rules in
12_ai_translation_requirements.md. - ἔργα/works → कामां (not कर्म): this is a NEW forbidden-substitution rule proposed for addition to the project’s forbidden list, parallel to the existing Critical rules for मुक्ती/मोक्ष, धर्म, पुनर्जन्म, अवतार, and शक्ती.
- σῴζω/save: requires per-occurrence disambiguation between the soteriological sense (तारण-family, James 2:14; 5:20) and the physical-healing sense (बरें करप, James 5:15-16). Never render the healing sense with तारण.
- κόσμος/world → जग (never संसार): this is a NEW forbidden-substitution rule proposed for addition, given संसार’s direct collision with the already-forbidden मुक्ती/मोक्ष rebirth-cycle concept.
- θρησκεία/religion → देवसेवा (never धर्म or भक्ती): reinforces two already-forbidden baseline substitutions in a new context.
- ἐγείρω/raise up (5:15) → उठोवप (never पुनरुत्थान): prevents conflation of a healing-restoration image with the baseline’s reserved resurrection term.
This glossary must be merged into a project-wide translation_memory.json update (version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation begins for James, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: nītimattā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य, न्याय
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Faith and Works
CRITICAL: never धर्म. FOR JAMES: occurs at James 1:20 (‘the anger of man does not produce the righteousness of God’), 2:23 (imputed righteousness quote), and 3:18 (‘the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace’). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Justification
Approved rendering: नीतिमान ठरवणें
Transliteration: nītimān ṭharavaṇẽ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: क्षमा मेळप, पुण्य कमावप
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Faith and Works
CRITICAL: MANDATORY JAMES-SPECIFIC GLOSS REQUIRED. James 2:21, 2:24, 2:25 use this identical Konkani compound (for the identical Greek verb δικαιόω Paul uses in Romans 3-4) but in a demonstrative, vindication-before-observers sense (Abraham’s/Rahab’s faith was SHOWN genuine by their works), not Paul’s forensic, verdict-before-God sense (received by faith alone, apart from works). Every James 2 occurrence must carry the gloss: ‘(म्हळ्यार, विश्वासाचें प्रमाण मेळ्ळें/दाखयलें)’ — ‘that is, the proof/evidence of his faith was given/shown’ — and a cross-reference note to Romans, or a Konkani reader may perceive Scripture contradicting Scripture. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James, with this added James-specific disambiguation requirement.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित नीतिमत्ता
Transliteration: āropit nītimattā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: कमावलेली नीतिमत्ता
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Faith and Works
Credited/attributed righteousness, never ‘earned’. FOR JAMES: 2:23 quotes the identical Genesis 15:6 clause Romans 4:3 quotes (‘Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness’). James is not teaching a different doctrine of justification here but citing the same imputation text Paul cites; the apparent tension with 2:24 is resolved by the vindication-vs-verdict distinction documented under the ‘justification’ entry above, not by a different meaning of this clause. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष, सुटका
CRITICAL: NEVER मुक्ती or मोक्ष. FOR JAMES: this noun and its verb-family (तारप, तारावंक शकता) render the SOTERIOLOGICAL sense of σῴζω at James 2:14 (rhetorical: can a deedless faith save?) and James 5:20 (saving a wandering soul from death). James ALSO uses the identical Greek verb σῴζω at 5:15-16 for ordinary physical healing — that occurrence must NEVER use तारण-family vocabulary; see the new ‘healing_physical’ entry below. This same-chapter double-sense is unique to James in this pipeline and requires mandatory per-occurrence disambiguation. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
God
Approved rendering: देव
Transliteration: dev
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence must be reinforced with an exclusivity marker (‘एकच खरो देव’). FOR JAMES: this requirement is at its sharpest at 2:19 (‘God is one’ — see new entry ‘god_is_one’ below) and throughout 4:4-8 (‘friendship with the world is enmity with God’; ‘draw near to God’). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, मालक
Original: κύριος
Category: God
Exclusive, supreme Lordship. FOR JAMES: occurs throughout — 1:1, 1:7, 4:15 (‘if the Lord wills’), 5:4 (‘Lord of hosts’), 5:7-8, 10-11 (the Lord’s coming, and the prophets/Job who spoke/endured in the Lord’s name), 5:14-15 (prayer ‘in the name of the Lord’). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्मा, निर्माणकार
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Never a Hindu creator-deity name. FOR JAMES: occurs at 1:17 (‘Father of lights’, see new entry below), 1:27 (‘pure religion before God the Father’), and 3:9 (‘with the tongue we bless our Lord and Father’). James’s usage is broader than the Romans adoption context specifically, functioning generally as God’s personal Fatherhood; the word itself is unchanged. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punaruthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्जीवन
CRITICAL: NEVER पुनर्जन्म. FOR JAMES: this term itself does not occur in the analyzed James text, but it MUST be retained in translation memory as a boundary marker: James 5:15’s ἐγερεῖ (‘the Lord will raise him up’) describes ordinary restoration from sickness to health, NOT bodily resurrection, and must be rendered उठोवप (see new entry ‘raise_up’ below), never with this reserved term. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James, as a forbidden-substitution boundary reference.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, देह प्रगट
CRITICAL: NEVER अवतार, given Goa’s own temple tradition (Mahalasa Narayani’s Mohini-avatar story at Mardol). FOR JAMES: the term itself is not textually present in James, but the SAME underlying logic must be applied to James 5:7-8’s Parousia (‘the coming of the Lord’) — see new entry ‘parousia_coming’ below — which must likewise never be assimilated to a repeated or cyclical avatar-descent narrative. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James, as a conceptual anchor for the Parousia caution.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: जेजू
Established Devanagari Konkani/Marathi Bible form, never जेजू (Romi Konkani Catholic spelling). FOR JAMES: occurs at 1:1 (‘a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ’) and 2:1 (‘do not hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ… with partiality’). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Works
Approved rendering: कामां
Transliteration: kāmā̃
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: कर्म, कर्मां
Original: ἔργα
Category: Faith and Works
NEW, CRITICAL FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION RULE for this curriculum. NEVER कर्म/कर्मां: that root imports the Hindu karma-merit, cause-and-effect-across-rebirths framework, the functional opposite of James’s point (works are the necessary fruit of a faith already given by grace, cf. 2:23’s imputation quote, not merit accumulated across lifetimes). कामां (plain, doctrinally light ‘deeds/actions’) is mandatory throughout James 2:14-26 and wherever ἔργα occurs elsewhere in the letter. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
World
Approved rendering: जग
Transliteration: jag
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: संसार
Original: κόσμος
Category: Worldliness
NEW, CRITICAL FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION RULE. NEVER संसार, which in Konkani/Marathi religious register denotes worldly existence within the Hindu birth-and-rebirth cycle, closely tied to the baseline-forbidden मुक्ती/मोक्ष concept — using it would import exactly the wrong cosmology. James 1:27; 4:4. Use जग, a religiously neutral word for ‘world/society’.
Pure Religion
Approved rendering: देवसेवा
Transliteration: devsevā
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, भक्ती
Original: θρησκεία
Category: Worldliness
NEW, CRITICAL FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION RULE. James 1:26-27, θρησκεία. Never धर्म (cosmic/social duty, already baseline-forbidden for ‘law’/‘righteousness’) nor भक्ती (devotional worship, already baseline-forbidden for ‘faith’). देवसेवा (‘service of God’) reuses सेवा-family vocabulary already present in baseline’s Christ-Centered Ministry doctrine without negative flag, while preserving James’s ethical, practical definition of religion as caring for the vulnerable rather than ritual performance.
Healing Physical
Approved rendering: बरें करप / बरो जावप
Transliteration: barẽ karap / baro jāvap
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: तारण (forbidden for this specific sense)
Original: σῴζω / ἰάομαι
Category: Prayer and Healing
CRITICAL DISAMBIGUATION, NEW TO THIS PIPELINE. James 5:15-16, σῴζω/ἰάομαι in its physical-healing sense — the SAME Greek verb rendered तारण in its soteriological sense elsewhere in James (2:14; 5:20). Never render this occurrence with तारण: doing so would wrongly import full eternal-salvation weight into a statement about physical recovery and could mislead hearers into thinking physical healing is promised with the same certainty/mechanism as eternal salvation. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Save A Soul From Death
Approved rendering: जिवाक मरणांतल्यान तारप
Transliteration: jivāk maraṇāntlyān tārap
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:20, σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου. The full SOTERIOLOGICAL sense of σῴζω, immediately following its physical-healing sense at 5:15-16 in the same chapter — reuses तारण-family vocabulary here since the referent is spiritual/eternal rescue. This deliberate same-chapter reversal is a critical teaching point for translators and reviewers: 5:15 forbids तारण; 5:20 requires it.
God Is One
Approved rendering: एकच खरो देव आसा
Transliteration: ekac kharo dev āsā
Doctrine: Monotheistic Confession versus Mere Assent
Original: εἷς ἐστιν ὁ θεός
Category: God
James 2:19, εἷς ἐστιν ὁ θεός, echoing the Shema (Deut 6:4). The most basic monotheistic confession possible; James’s rhetorical point is that mere intellectual assent to even this foundational truth, without trust or obedience, is indistinguishable from demonic ‘belief.’ Reuses baseline देव with its mandatory exclusivity marker; both halves of the contrast (exclusivity claim and insufficiency-of-mere-assent claim) must be preserved.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvās
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ती
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith and Works
Personal trust in a specific object (Christ), not generalized devotional reverence. भक्ती carries the full weight of Goan Hindu devotional worship directed at particular temple deities. FOR JAMES: the same word must carry the letter’s own internal test — James 2:14-26 asks whether a merely professed विश्वास is genuine, and James 2:19 uses the identical word ironically of bare demonic intellectual assent (‘even the demons believe — and shudder’). A translator’s note distinguishing the ironic/deficient sense at 2:19 from the letter’s normative sense elsewhere is required. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, नशीब
Original: χάρις
Category: Grace
Unearned favor, never कर्मफळ (fruit of karma) or पुण्य (accumulated merit). FOR JAMES: occurs at James 4:6, ‘God gives grace to the humble’ (quoting Proverbs 3:34), directly contrasted with proud self-reliance in the Worldliness versus Friendship with God unit. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, कायदो
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
NEVER धर्म. FOR JAMES: occurs at 1:25 (‘perfect law of liberty’), 2:8-12 (‘royal law’; ‘whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point…’), and 4:11-12 (‘one lawgiver and judge’). See new compound entries ‘perfect_law_of_liberty’ and ‘royal_law’ below, both built on this root. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म, अशुद्धता
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Moral transgression before a personal God. FOR JAMES: occurs at 1:15 (desire gives birth to sin, which brings forth death), 4:17 (sin of omission — knowing the right thing and failing to do it), and 5:15-16, 20 (sins forgiven/covered through prayer and restoration). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Built on बोलावणें (to summon), not the softer आमंत्रित. FOR JAMES: no bare occurrence of ‘called’ appears in the analyzed text, but James 1:1’s self-identification as a ‘servant of God and the Lord Jesus Christ’ functions as an implicit calling/vocation statement; retained in translation memory so this baseline sense is available and consistent if invoked in study notes or cross-references. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावणें
Transliteration: bolāvaṇẽ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रण
Noun form sharing its verb root with ‘called’. FOR JAMES: retained for consistency with the baseline doctrine of Divine Calling that undergirds James 1:1’s self-identification; no independent James-specific new sense. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Providence
Approved rendering: देवाची तरतूद
Transliteration: devācī tartūd
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
God’s personal, purposive provision and governance, never नशीब or प्रारब्ध. FOR JAMES: underlies 4:13-17’s ‘if the Lord wills’ teaching against presumptuous planning — see new entry ‘if_the_lord_wills’ below — and 1:17’s ‘Father of lights, with whom there is no variation’ — see new entry ‘father_of_lights’ below. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Dead Faith
Approved rendering: मेल्लो विश्वास
Transliteration: mello viśvās
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: νεκρὰ πίστις
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:17, 2:26. Faith without works is not weak or immature faith but no faith at all — as lifeless as a corpse. Must not be softened to ‘incomplete’ or ‘immature’; the strong term मेल्लो is required to preserve the thesis statement’s rhetorical force.
Show Demonstrate
Approved rendering: दाखोवप
Transliteration: dākhovap
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: δεῖξον / δείξω
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:18. Key epistemological term: works are the evidence/demonstration of faith, not its source or creator. Correctly framing this verb protects against a false works-righteousness reading of the whole unit.
Faith Working With Works
Approved rendering: विश्वासान कामां वांगडा मेळून काम केलें
Transliteration: viśvāsān kāmā̃ vāṅgaḍā meḷūn kām kelẽ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: συνήργει
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:22, συνήργει. Pictures faith and works as co-active, jointly operating — not sequential (faith, then separately works) but a single organism’s coordinated function. Must not read as works contributing independent merit alongside faith.
Faith Perfected
Approved rendering: पुराय जालो
Transliteration: purāy jālo
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: ἐτελειώθη
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:22, ἐτελειώθη. Works bring faith to its complete, mature, intended expression — its natural ripening — not a supplement earning additional justifying merit faith initially lacked.
Friend Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचो इश्ट
Transliteration: devāco iṣṭ
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: φίλος θεοῦ
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:23, of Abraham. Covenant intimacy and trust, distinct from guru-disciple or devotee-deity (bhakta-devatā) relational categories prominent in Goan Hindu devotional practice. Pairs the ordinary word for friend (इश्ट) with देव’s mandatory exclusivity marking wherever load-bearing.
Useless Barren Faith
Approved rendering: निकामी
Transliteration: nikāmī
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: ἀργή
Category: Faith and Works
James 2:20, ἀργή (some manuscripts read νεκρά, ‘dead,’ here as in vv.17, 26). Reinforces the dead-faith thesis; renders the barrenness/unproductiveness sense distinctly from the stronger ‘dead’ term used at vv.17, 26.
Trial Positive
Approved rendering: परीक्षा
Transliteration: parīkṣā
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Trials and Testing
James 1:2-3, 1:12. An external circumstance that tests/proves faith and produces steadfastness. Same Greek root (πειρασμός) as ‘temptation’ below (negative sense) — Konkani must use two distinct words; never used interchangeably with मोह.
Temptation Negative
Approved rendering: मोह
Transliteration: moh
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Trials and Testing
James 1:13-15. Internal enticement toward sin, arising from one’s own desire, explicitly never from God. Must never be rendered with the same word as trial_positive (परीक्षा above), or a Konkani reader may conclude God tempts people to sin, directly contradicting 1:13.
Testing Genuineness
Approved rendering: परीक्षण
Transliteration: parīkṣaṇ
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Trials and Testing
James 1:3, δοκίμιον. The proving/refining process itself, distinct from the trial-event (परीक्षा); footnote once to distinguish the two closely related terms.
Steadfastness Endurance
Approved rendering: स्थिरता
Transliteration: sthiratā
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Trials and Testing
James 1:3-4 and 5:11 (of Job). Patient perseverance UNDER pressure/trial specifically, active not merely passive. Must be kept distinct from धीर (μακροθυμία, forbearance while WAITING, ch.5) via a fixed pairing rule: स्थिरता = trial-endurance; धीर = eschatological waiting.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: शहाणपण
Transliteration: śahāṇpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: प्रज्ञा, ज्ञान
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
James 1:5, 3:13-17. Avoid प्रज्ञा (Buddhist/Vedantic enlightenment-insight resonance) and bare ज्ञान (too intellectualist). शहाणपण conveys practical, God-given skill for righteous living, requested from God, not self-attained.
Wisdom From Above
Approved rendering: वयल्यान येवपी शहाणपण
Transliteration: vaylyān yevpī śahāṇpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: σοφία ἄνωθεν
Category: Wisdom
James 3:15, 17. Doctrinal center of the Wisdom from Above unit; must be clearly marked as heavenly-originated, not human cleverness or Vedantic insight-attainment.
Natural Soulish Wisdom
Approved rendering: मनीसपणाचें शहाणपण
Transliteration: manīspaṇācẽ śahāṇpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: ψυχική (σοφία)
Category: Wisdom
James 3:15, ψυχική. Merely human wisdom unaided by the Spirit; must not be confused with Holy-Spirit-given wisdom (पवित्र आत्मा).
Demonic Wisdom
Approved rendering: भूतकी शहाणपण
Transliteration: bhūtkī śahāṇpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: δαιμονιώδης (σοφία)
Category: Wisdom
James 3:15, δαιμονιώδης. Shares the same भुतां-family caution as ‘demons’ below — must not be assimilated to Goan folk bhūt/bhūta belief, which can include non-malevolent ancestral or place-spirits, unlike James’s uniformly evil δαιμόνια.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्तेचें फळ
Transliteration: nītimattēcẽ phaḷ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Wisdom
James 3:18. Reuses baseline नीतिमत्ता; ties peace-making, wise, righteous conduct to visible fruit, reinforcing the Faith and Works fruit/evidence logic.
Favoritism
Approved rendering: पक्षपात
Transliteration: pakṣapāt
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: προσωποληψία
Category: Social Ethics
James 2:1-9. Directly reinforces baseline caste-sensitivity notes under Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Universal Human Accountability, acutely relevant given Goa’s own caste-conscious social structure (including Goud Saraswat Brahmin and other groupings). Overlaps with the Impartiality and Universal Human Dignity doctrine.
Hell Gehenna
Approved rendering: गेहेन्ना
Transliteration: gehennā
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Rejected alternatives: नरक (unglossed)
Original: γέεννα
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:6, γέεννα. A plain नरक risks assimilation to the Hindu/Buddhist concept of narak as a temporary, purgatorial suffering-realm within samsara’s rebirth cycle, whereas James’s γέεννα denotes final, non-cyclical judgment. Transliterate गेहेन्ना with a mandatory explanatory gloss at first occurrence; never bare नरक.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: देवाच्या सारक्यान रचिल्लें
Transliteration: devācyā sārkyān racillẽ
Doctrine: Impartiality and Universal Human Dignity
Original: καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν θεοῦ
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:9. Human beings made in God’s likeness — the foundational reason cursing another person with the tongue is a grave wrong. Every person, of any caste or status, bears God’s likeness; reinforces the anti-caste-hierarchy force shared with baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Universal Human Accountability doctrines.
Friendship With The World
Approved rendering: जगा वांगडा इश्टागत
Transliteration: jagā vāṅgaḍā iṣṭāgat
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: सहभागिता (reserved for the positive Christ-fellowship sense)
Original: φιλία τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Worldliness
James 4:4. Intimate, allegiance-implying association with the God-opposed value system. Uses ordinary इश्टागत rather than baseline’s सहभागिता (koinonia), which remains reserved for shared participation in Christ, not this negative worldly parallel.
Enmity With God
Approved rendering: देवा वांगडा वैर
Transliteration: devā vāṅgaḍā vair
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Worldliness
James 4:4. The stark either/or James poses — no neutral middle ground. Reuses देव with its required exclusivity marker where doctrinally load-bearing.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: दुर्वासना
Transliteration: durvāsanā
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: वासना
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Worldliness
James 1:14-15; 4:1-2. Never वासना, which in regional Hindu philosophical usage denotes latent karmic desire-impressions carried across rebirths — a direct doctrinal collision with James’s this-life, this-consequence framing (desire → sin → death within one lifetime, not across lifetimes).
Resist The Devil
Approved rendering: सैतानाक विरोध करात
Transliteration: saitānāk virodh karāt
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: राक्षस
Original: ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ
Category: Worldliness
James 4:7. Active spiritual resistance against a personal, singular cosmic adversary. सैतान (established Christian loanword) is required over राक्षस, which evokes specific Puranic demon-figures (e.g., Ravana) rather than the NT’s singular, personal tempter/accuser.
Elders
Approved rendering: मंडळीचे वडील
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷīce vaḍīl
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: गुरू
Original: πρεσβύτεροι (τῆς ἐκκλησίας)
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14. Recognized, appointed spiritual leaders of the local congregation, called to pray over the sick. Reuses baseline मंडळी; वडील (elder/respected senior) avoids the guru-disciple connotations already flagged for teacher/apostle terms.
Raise Up
Approved rendering: उठोवप
Transliteration: uṭhovap
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: पुनरुत्थान (forbidden for this sense)
Original: ἐγερεῖ
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:15, ἐγερεῖ. Restoration from sickness to health, lifting from a sickbed — must be distinguished from baseline’s पुनरुत्थान (reserved for Christ’s/the final bodily resurrection). Use the plain verb उठोवप, never the theologically loaded resurrection term.
Effective Prayer
Approved rendering: परिणामकारक प्रार्थना
Transliteration: pariṇāmkārak prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: δέησις…ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:16, δέησις…ἐνεργουμένη. Prayer empowered and made effective by God, not a magical formula or merit-based technique. Reuses baseline नीतिमान (righteous) adjective family; emphasize Spirit-empowered access to God, not ritual efficacy earned by the one praying’s own merit.
Patience Forbearance
Approved rendering: धीर
Transliteration: dhīr
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:7-8,10, μακροθυμία. Patient forbearance while awaiting an outcome, especially the Lord’s coming, illustrated by a farmer awaiting harvest. Must be distinguished from स्थिरता (ὑπομονή, endurance under trial, ch.1; also of Job, 5:11) via the fixed pairing rule established above.
Parousia Coming
Approved rendering: प्रभूचें येणें
Transliteration: prabhūcẽ yeṇẽ
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: παρουσία (τοῦ κυρίου)
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:7-8, παρουσία. Must be distinguished, per the same logic as the baseline’s Incarnation caution, from any repeated/cyclical avatar-descent concept familiar from Goa’s own temple tradition (e.g., Mahalasa Narayani’s Mohini-avatar story at Mardol) — this is Christ’s one, still-future, personal return, not a recurring appearance. Mandatory translator note at first occurrence.
Confess Sins
Approved rendering: पापांची कबुली दिवप
Transliteration: pāpā̃cī kabulī divap
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ἐξομολογεῖσθε
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:16, ἐξομολογεῖσθε. NEW CLASS-B CROWDING RISK for this pipeline. Must be distinguished, for Goan Catholic-background hearers particularly, from the Catholic sacrament of auricular Confession/Reconciliation to a priest — James commands mutual, horizontal confession among believers, not sacramental confession to clergy. Mandatory footnote required.
Turn Back A Sinner
Approved rendering: परत आणप
Transliteration: parat āṇap
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ἐπιστρέψῃ
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:19-20, ἐπιστρέψῃ. Pastoral, relational restoration of a straying/backslidden believer to right relationship with God, distinct from ritual re-initiation.
Demons
Approved rendering: भुतां
Transliteration: bhutā̃
Doctrine: Monotheistic Confession versus Mere Assent
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: God
James 2:19; 3:15, δαιμόνια. Malevolent supernatural beings subordinate to Satan who hold correct theology yet only shudder in fear. Must be distinguished from Goan folk-belief bhūt/bhūta spirits, which can include non-uniformly-malevolent ancestral or place-spirits.
Brought Forth Regeneration
Approved rendering: जल्म दिलो
Transliteration: jalm dilo
Doctrine: Regeneration / New Birth by the Word
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀπεκύησεν
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:18, ἀπεκύησεν. God’s decisive act of birthing/regenerating believers through the word of truth. Must never be rendered with or conflated with the baseline-forbidden पुनर्जन्म (reincarnation within an ongoing rebirth cycle) — this is a single, once-for-all begetting, not entry into or another turn of samsara.
Perfect Law Of Liberty
Approved rendering: स्वातंत्र्याचें पुराय नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: svātantryācẽ purāy niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:25, νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας. The moral law fulfilled and internalized by grace, experienced as liberating rather than merely restrictive. Reuses baseline नियमशास्त्र; must be clarified as a positive, gracious framework, not a return to merit-based legalism nor a dharmic cosmic-duty equivalent.
Perfect And Complete
Approved rendering: पुराय आनी सगळो
Transliteration: purāy āni sagḷo
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध
Original: τέλειοι καὶ ὁλόκληροι
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:4, τέλειοι καὶ ὁλόκληροι. Reaching intended maturity/completeness in every part, the fruit of steadfastness under trial. Avoid सिद्ध, which strongly evokes the Hindu/Jain concept of a spiritually ‘perfected being’ attained through ascetic practice or liberation; use पुराय (complete/whole) for both terms combined.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Never देऊळ or मंदिर. FOR JAMES: occurs at 5:14, ‘let him call for the elders of the church’. Note James 2:2 instead uses the distinct Greek word συναγωγή, rendered सभा (see new entry ‘assembly_synagogue’ below) rather than मंडळी, to preserve a deliberate textual distinction, though the referent is functionally the same community. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख, समाधान
In Romans 5:1, relational peace with God through justification. FOR JAMES: two distinct senses occur — 2:16 uses the same word as a hollow, unaction-backed social farewell formula (‘go in peace’) that James condemns as useless without accompanying deeds, the very opposite of the load-bearing doctrinal sense; 3:18 carries the fuller theological resonance (‘the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace’). A translator’s note must flag the 2:16 occurrence as mundane, not doctrinal. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचें राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: देवाचें राष्ट्र
God’s sovereign reign, distinguished from political-kingdom associations. FOR JAMES: underlies James 2:8’s ‘royal law’ (νόμος βασιλικός, the law of the Kingdom, given by the King) — see new entry ‘royal_law’ below, which builds on this doctrine positively. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: परराष्ट्रीय
Transliteration: pararāṣṭrīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Non-Jews. FOR JAMES: underlies the social force of James 2:25’s example of Rahab, a Gentile woman, deliberately paired with the patriarch Abraham as equally ‘justified by works’ — see new entry ‘rahab_the_prostitute’ below. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: जिविताचो मुकुट
Transliteration: jivitāco mukuṭ
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Trials and Testing
James 1:12. Eschatological reward for enduring trial. मुकुट risks evoking deity-crown temple iconography (e.g., Shantadurga’s ornamented crown); requires a footnote at first occurrence marking this as a reward-image for endurance, unrelated to devotional ornamentation.
Earthly Wisdom
Approved rendering: पृथ्वीचें शहाणपण
Transliteration: pṛthvīcẽ śahāṇpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: ἐπίγειος (σοφία)
Category: Wisdom
James 3:15. Merely this-worldly-originated wisdom, part of the fourfold contrast set (heavenly/earthly/natural/demonic); must stay part of that set, not read in isolation.
Meekness
Approved rendering: सौम्यता
Transliteration: saumyatā
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Wisdom
James 3:13. Strength under control, the visible manner of true heavenly wisdom, paired with good conduct.
Poor
Approved rendering: गरीब
Transliteration: garīb
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πτωχός
Category: Social Ethics
James 2:5. The economically destitute, specially regarded by God; standard term.
Rich
Approved rendering: श्रीमंत
Transliteration: śrīmant
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Social Ethics
James 2:6-7; 5:1-6. Often morally negative in James’s usage; the negative coloring in context must be preserved, not softened into neutral ‘well-off’ language.
Assembly Synagogue
Approved rendering: सभा
Transliteration: sabhā
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: मंडळी (reserved for ἐκκλησία contexts)
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Social Ethics
James 2:2, συναγωγή. Distinct Greek word from the baseline’s ἐκκλησία/मंडळी, reflecting James’s early Jewish-Christian setting; render with सभा to preserve this textual distinction for reviewers, though the referent is functionally the same community.
Royal Law
Approved rendering: राजकी नियम
Transliteration: rājkī niyam
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: νόμος βασιλικός
Category: Social Ethics
James 2:8. The law of love for neighbor (Lev 19:18), called ‘royal’ as the law of God’s Kingdom. Reuses baseline नियमशास्त्र root and connects positively to baseline’s Kingdom of God doctrine.
Rahab The Prostitute
Approved rendering: राहाब, गणिका
Transliteration: rāhāb, gaṇikā
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: सभ्य स्त्री (euphemistic softening — rejected)
Original: Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη
Category: Social Ethics
James 2:25. A Gentile prostitute, James’s second ‘justified by works’ example, deliberately paired with the patriarch Abraham to undercut social/ethnic/caste hierarchy. Do not euphemize गणिका into a softer term; James’s rhetorical point depends on the social disreputability being retained.
Teacher
Approved rendering: शिक्षक
Transliteration: śikṣak
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Rejected alternatives: गुरू
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:1. Avoid गुरू, which carries the full weight of Goan guru-disciple religious-authority structures (as already flagged for ‘apostle’ in the baseline). शिक्षक is the neutral, secular-register alternative.
World Of Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: अनीतिमत्तेचें जग
Transliteration: anītimattēcẽ jag
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:6. The tongue characterized as an entire self-contained system of evil. Reuses जग (never संसार) and the negated form of baseline’s नीतिमत्ता.
Pleasures Passions
Approved rendering: वाईट भोग
Transliteration: vāīṭ bhog
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: भोग (unqualified)
Original: ἡδοναί
Category: Worldliness
James 4:1,3. Disordered self-gratifying pleasures, root of the ‘wars and fightings’ among believers. भोग alone risks invoking the bhoga/moksha (enjoyment-vs-renunciation) philosophical polarity; the qualifier वाईट is mandatory.
Adulteresses Spiritual
Approved rendering: व्यभिचारी
Transliteration: vyabhicārī
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: μοιχαλίδες
Category: Worldliness
James 4:4. Covenant-unfaithfulness metaphor echoing OT prophetic marriage imagery; must be signaled as metaphorical spiritual unfaithfulness to God, not a literal charge of sexual sin against the readers.
Draw Near To God
Approved rendering: देवाजवळ सर्पात
Transliteration: devājavaḷ sarpāt
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ἐγγίσατε τῷ θεῷ
Category: Worldliness
James 4:8. Positive counterpart to resisting the devil; direct, personal access to God through Christ, resonant with baseline’s Intercession doctrine.
Double Minded
Approved rendering: दोन मनांचो
Transliteration: don manāco
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: δίψυχος
Category: Worldliness
James 1:8; 4:8, δίψυχος, a distinctively Jamesian coinage with no Greek precedent and no Konkani lexical shortcut. Describes divided allegiance/loyalty between trust in God and worldly self-reliance, not mere intellectual uncertainty; the descriptive compound दोन मनांचो is the only viable rendering.
Anoint With Oil
Approved rendering: तेल घालप
Transliteration: tel ghālap
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἀλείψαντες ἐλαίῳ
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14. A simple accompanying act of faith and blessing during prayer, not a sacrament with independent efficacy. Must be distinguished both from Hindu ritual oil-anointing of deity images (abhishekam) AND, as this pipeline’s first Class-B (Christian-internal) crowding risk, from the Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick — the healing here is attributed to ‘the prayer of faith’ (5:15), not the oil itself.
Sick
Approved rendering: पिडेस्त
Transliteration: piḍest
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἀσθενεῖ
Category: Prayer and Healing
James 5:14. Physical illness/weakness, the occasion for the elders’ prayer; standard term.
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: प्रभू सबाथ
Transliteration: prabhū sabāth
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: κύριος Σαβαώθ
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:4, κύριος Σαβαώθ. Hebrew military-royal divine title retained untranslated even in the Greek source text; reuses baseline प्रभू and transliterates Sabaoth with an explanatory gloss (‘Lord of Hosts/Armies’).
Establish Your Hearts
Approved rendering: काळजां घट्ट धरात
Transliteration: kāḷjā̃ ghaṭṭa dharāt
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: στηρίξατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:8. Inner steadfastness in anticipation of the Lord’s coming, connecting patience (μακροθυμία) to inner resolve while awaiting the Parousia.
Judge
Approved rendering: न्यायाधीश
Transliteration: nyāyādhīś
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: ὁ κριτής
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:9, ὁ κριτής. Christ as eschatological Judge, imminently present. न्यायाधीश (standard judicial term) needs a note clarifying this is the divine Judge, not merely a human magistrate.
Jobs Steadfastness
Approved rendering: इयोबाची स्थिरता
Transliteration: iyobācī sthiratā
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:11, ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ. Reuses स्थिरता (ch.1); Job presented as the OT paradigm of patient endurance under severe trial.
Cover A Multitude Of Sins
Approved rendering: पापांचेर पांघरूण घालप
Transliteration: pāpā̃cer pāṅghrūṇ ghālap
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Confession and Restoration
James 5:20, καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. Reuses baseline पाप; the gracious FRUIT of gospel-restoration ministry, not a self-earned atoning act — a merit-reading must be avoided.
Father Of Lights
Approved rendering: ज्योतींचो पिता
Transliteration: jyotīco pitā
Doctrine: Providence
Original: ὁ πατὴρ τῶν φώτων
Category: God
James 1:17, ὁ πατὴρ τῶν φώτων. God as the unchanging source of the heavenly luminaries, a title emphasizing divine constancy. Reuses baseline पिता, appending ज्योतींचो with a note that this is Creator-imagery (sun, moon, stars), not devotional lamp/light ritual imagery (ज्योती, आरती) common in both Goan Hindu and Konkani Catholic practice.
If The Lord Wills
Approved rendering: प्रभूची इच्छा जाल्यार
Transliteration: prabhūcī icchā jālyār
Doctrine: God’s Will and Providence in Human Plans
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, प्रारब्ध
Original: Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ
Category: God
James 4:15, Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ. Acknowledgment that God’s sovereign will governs human plans. Reuses baseline प्रभू; resonant with baseline’s providence doctrine — human planning is subordinated to God’s personal sovereign will, never fatalistic resignation to नशीब or प्रारब्ध.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: δοῦλος (θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ)
Category: God
James 1:1, δοῦλος. A term of devoted, willing allegiance to Christ, not degrading social slavery or low caste-status.
Twelve Tribes Dispersion
Approved rendering: प्रवासांत पांगिल्ल्यो बारा वंशा
Transliteration: pravāsānt pāṅgillyo bārā vanśā
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς… ἐν τῇ διασπορᾷ
Category: God
James 1:1. The historic diaspora of Jewish (and by extension Jewish-Christian) communities outside the land of Israel; requires an OT background gloss given the target audience’s assumed low OT narrative literacy.
Word Of Truth
Approved rendering: सत्याचें वचन
Transliteration: satyācẽ vacan
Doctrine: Regeneration / New Birth by the Word
Original: λόγος ἀληθείας
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:18, λόγος ἀληθείας. The gospel message as God’s true, authoritative word, the instrument of the new birth described in the same verse.
Implanted Word
Approved rendering: रोविल्लें वचन
Transliteration: rovillẽ vacan
Doctrine: Regeneration / New Birth by the Word
Original: ἔμφυτος λόγος
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:21, ἔμφυτος λόγος. The gospel word as an internally rooted, growing implant, not merely external instruction; organic growth metaphor connecting to the doer/hearer contrast that follows.
Doer Of The Word
Approved rendering: वचन पाळणारो
Transliteration: vacan pāḷṇāro
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Rejected alternatives: कर्ता (where it might evoke a karmic-agent connotation)
Original: ποιητὴς λόγου
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:22-25, ποιητὴς λόγου. One who practices/obeys the word, contrasted with a mere hearer; direct forerunner of the Faith and Works argument of James 2:14-26.
Hearer Only
Approved rendering: फकत ऐकणारो
Transliteration: fakat aikṇāro
Doctrine: Hearing and Doing the Word
Original: ἀκροατὴς μόνον
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:22-25, ἀκροατὴς μόνον. The negative counterpart to ‘doer’; passive reception of the word without corresponding action.
Doubt Wavering
Approved rendering: संशय करप
Transliteration: sanśay karap
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: διακρίνω
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:6, διακρίνω. Internal division of mind while asking God for wisdom, pictured as a wave tossed by the sea; connected to ‘double-minded’ (δίψυχος).
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: इश्टागत, समाज
Shared participation in Christ; इश्टागत (friendship) and समाज (society) are too generic. FOR JAMES: this baseline term is RESERVED and must NOT be used for James 4:4’s negative ‘friendship with the world’ (φιλία τοῦ κόσμου), which instead uses the ordinary, doctrinally-neutral इश्टागत precisely because सहभागिता carries the positive baseline sense — see new entry ‘friendship_with_the_world’ below. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for James, as a boundary/contrast reference.
Envy Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: ईर्षा, स्वार्थीपण
Transliteration: īrṣā, svārthīpaṇ
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: ζῆλος, ἐριθεία
Category: Wisdom
James 3:14-16. Roots of earthly wisdom’s disorder; standard vocabulary, minor risk.
Tongue
Approved rendering: जीब
Transliteration: jīb
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:1-12. The organ of speech and, by extension, speech itself. No significant syncretism risk; central image of the whole chapter.
Blessing And Cursing
Approved rendering: आशिर्वाद आनी शाप
Transliteration: āśirvād āni śāp
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: εὐλογία καὶ κατάρα
Category: Speech Ethics
James 3:9-10. The two contradictory uses of the tongue James condemns coming from the same mouth; standard vocabulary.
Humble Yourselves
Approved rendering: लीन जावचे
Transliteration: līn jāvce
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ταπεινώθητε
Category: Worldliness
James 4:10. Voluntary self-lowering before God, contrasted with proud self-exaltation; God promises to exalt the humble.
Job Proper Name
Approved rendering: इयोब
Transliteration: iyob
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: Ἰώβ
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:11. Proper name; established Konkani/Marathi Bible transliteration convention.
Oath
Approved rendering: आन घेवप
Transliteration: ān ghevap
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: ὀμνύω
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
James 5:12, ὀμνύω. James’s instruction toward simple truthfulness (‘let your yes be yes’) rather than oath-taking; standard term, minor risk.
Orphans And Widows
Approved rendering: अनाथ आनी विधवा
Transliteration: anāth āni vidhvā
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Original: ὀρφανοὶ καὶ χῆραι
Category: Word and Regeneration
James 1:27. The paradigmatic vulnerable persons of ancient society whose care James names as the concrete ethical content of pure religion; standard vocabulary.
Abraham Our Father
Approved rendering: अब्राहाम
Transliteration: abrāhām
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant/Proper Names
James 2:21-23. The patriarch, James’s first example of faith vindicated by works; established Konkani/Marathi Bible transliteration standard, matching the Romans package’s transliteration conventions.
Referenced passages