Core Glossary
Core Glossary — English → Odia | 1 John 1–5
Source language: English (from Koine Greek) Destination language: Odia Curriculum: 1 John Core passage: 1 John 4:7–21
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all five chapters of 1 John. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked “Reuse — Romans TM” and their recorded Odia rendering is carried over unchanged, per the mandatory reuse rule. New terms are proposed for addition to translation memory in Phase 2 with the risk tier and rationale needed for doctrine_risk_registry.json extension.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys/alters essential doctrine; human theologian review required every occurrence.
- High — significant theological confusion/syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English | Odia | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine | Chapters (1 John) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱର | Parameśwara | Critical | God is Light / God is Love | 1–5 | Never ଠାକୁର or ଭଗବାନ |
| Jesus | ଯୀଶୁ | Yīśu | Critical | Incarnation/Antichrist | 1, 2, 4, 5 | Established Odia Christian form |
| Christ | ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ | Khrīṣṭa | Critical | Incarnation/Antichrist | 1–5 | Established transliteration |
| Son of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର | Parameśwaraṅka Putra | Critical | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 3, 4, 5 | Full phrase required |
| Father | ପିତା | Pitā | Critical | Fellowship with God | 1–3 | Personal, relational |
| Holy Spirit | ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା | Pabitra Ātmā | Critical | Testing the Spirits | 3, 4, 5 | Never ପରମାତ୍ମା |
| holy | ପବିତ୍ର | pabitra | High | Sanctification | (implicit, 3:3) | Moral, not ritual, purity |
| sin | ପାପ | pāpa | High | Confession/Forgiveness | 1, 2, 3, 5 | Never ଅଧର୍ମ |
| faith / believe | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ / ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିବା | biśwāsa | High | Overcoming the World | 3, 4, 5 | Never ଭକ୍ତି |
| righteousness / righteous | ଧାର୍ମିକତା / ଧାର୍ମିକ | dhārmikatā / dhārmika | Critical | Righteous conduct as evidence | 1–3 | Never ଧର୍ମ |
| law | ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା | byabasthā | High | (root for “lawlessness”) | 3 | Never ଧର୍ମ |
| fellowship | ସହଭାଗିତା | sahabhāgitā | Low (baseline) / Medium in this curriculum | Fellowship with God and One Another | 1 | Elevated doctrinal weight here; term unchanged |
| salvation | ପରିତ୍ରାଣ | paritrāṇa | Critical | Assurance of Salvation | (root for Savior/eternal life) | Never ମୋକ୍ଷ/ମୁକ୍ତି |
| grace | କୃପା | kṛpā | High | (background; not directly used in 1 John text) | — | Retained for cross-reference only |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by 1 John
| English | Odia | Transliteration | Greek (translit.) | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love (noun/verb) | ପ୍ରେମ / ପ୍ରେମ କରିବା | prema / prema karibā | agapē / agapaō | Critical | God is Light and God is Love; Love for the Brethren | 2, 3, 4 (core), 5 | ପ୍ରୀତି (also bhakti-adjacent) | Gita Govinda’s Radha-Krishna prema, ritually sung/danced at Puri, collides with agapē’s self-giving sense |
| God is love (identity statement) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ପ୍ରେମ ଅଟନ୍ତି | Parameśwara prema aṭanti | ho theos agapē estin | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | 4:8, 4:16 | ”ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ପ୍ରେମମୟ” (weakens identity to attribute) | Must remain an identity statement, not a quality statement |
| light | ଆଲୋକ | āloka | phōs | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | 1, 2 | ତେଜ (baseline’s rejected glory-alternative; same light-only risk) | Collides with āratī/dīpa devotional lamp practice |
| darkness | ଅନ୍ଧକାର | andhakāra | skotia/skotos | High | God is Light | 1, 2 | — | Paired antonym to ଆଲୋକ |
| word of life | ଜୀବନର ବାକ୍ୟ | jībanara bākya | logos tēs zōēs | High | Incarnation | 1 | — | Watch Śabda Brahman (impersonal cosmic Word) collision |
| manifested / appeared | ପ୍ରକାଶିତ ହେବା | prakāśita hebā | phaneroō | Medium-High | Incarnation | 1, 3, 4 | — | One-time historical event, not periodic ritual disclosure |
| confess (sin) | ସ୍ୱୀକାର କରିବା | swīkāra karibā | homologeō | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1 | — | Context-sensitive: also used credally (see below) |
| confess (Christ) | ସ୍ୱୀକାର କରିବା | swīkāra karibā | homologeō | High | Incarnation and Antichrist | 2, 4 | — | Same verb, credal sense; track context per occurrence |
| forgive | କ୍ଷମା କରିବେ | kṣamā karibe | aphiēmi | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1 | — | Certain, covenantal, not ritual-merit-based |
| cleanse | ଶୁଦ୍ଧ କରିବେ | śuddha karibe | katharizō | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1 | — | Baseline rejected ଶୁଦ୍ଧ for “holy”; here lexically apt but flag ritual-purity adjacency |
| blood (of Christ) | ରକ୍ତ | rakta | haima | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1, 4, 5 | — | Contrast (not confusion) with vegetarian Jagannath bhoga vs. Shakta blood-offering traditions |
| faithful and just | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ୍ୟ ଓ ଧାର୍ମିକ | biśwāsya o dhārmika | pistos kai dikaios | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1 | ଧର୍ମନିଷ୍ଠ (risk of ଧର୍ମ root) | Adjective forms on established roots |
| walk (conduct) | ଆଚରଣ କରିବା | ācaraṇa karibā | peripateō | Low-Medium | Fellowship with God | 1 | — | Standard behavioral metaphor |
| advocate | ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ | madhyastha | paraklētos | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 2 | ଗୁରୁ, ପୂଜକ (priestly-mediator terms) | Collides with pandaa/sevayat ritual-intermediary role at Puri |
| propitiation | ପାପ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ ବଳି | pāpa pāiṅ prāyaścitta baḷi | hilasmos | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 2, 4 (core) | ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ ଅଲୋନ (bare word implies self-performed penance) | Must retain God-initiated, not sinner-performed, sense |
| commandment | ଆଜ୍ଞା | ājñā | entolē | Medium | Love for the Brethren | 2, 4 (core) | ଧାର୍ମିକ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ | Flows from love/new birth, not independent duty |
| world (negative/positive senses) | ଜଗତ | jagata | kosmos | Critical | Overcoming the World; Incarnation | 2, 4, 5 | ପୃଥିବୀ (too narrowly physical-earth) | Etymological core of “Jagannath” (Jagat+Nātha) |
| lust / desire | କାମନା / ଅଭିଳାଷ | kāmanā / abhilāṣa | epithymia | High | Overcoming the World | 2 | — | Collides with kāma as legitimate puruṣārtha life-goal |
| pride of life | ଜୀବନର ଅହଂକାର | jībanara ahaṅkāra | alazoneia tou biou | Medium | Overcoming the World | 2 | — | — |
| antichrist | ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ବିରୋଧୀ | Khrīṣṭa birodhī | antichristos | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 2, 4 | ଆଣ୍ଟିକ୍ରାଇଷ୍ଟ (bare transliteration, less clear) | Book-defining; must retain precise doctrinal content (denial of incarnate Christ) |
| anointing | ଅଭିଷେକ | abhiṣeka | chrisma | Critical | Testing the Spirits | 2 | — | Collides with Snana Yatra’s ritual image-bathing |
| abide | ରହିବା / ସ୍ଥିର ରହିବା | rahibā / sthira rahibā | menō | High | Fellowship with God and One Another | 2, 3, 4 (core) | — | Ongoing relational union, not temporary ritual proximity |
| children of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସନ୍ତାନ | Parameśwaraṅka santāna | tekna theou | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 2, 3 | — | Distinct from baseline’s ପୋଷ୍ୟ ପୁତ୍ରତ୍ୱ (legal adoption); emphasizes begetting/likeness |
| born of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଜାତ | Parameśwaraṅkaṭhāru jāta | gennaō ek tou theou | Critical | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 2, 3, 4 (core), 5 | ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ (forbidden—rebirth cycle) | Same prohibition logic as baseline’s resurrection/ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ caution |
| truth | ସତ୍ୟ | satya | alētheia | High | Testing the Spirits | 2, 4 | — | Distinguish from Vedantic/philosophical Satya as cosmic Reality |
| lie / liar | ମିଛ / ମିଛୁଆ | michha / michhuā | pseudos / pseustēs | Low | Testing the Spirits | 2, 4 | — | — |
| coming (of Christ) | ଆଗମନ | āgamana | parousia | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 2 | — | Avoid Rath Yatra procession imagery |
| lawlessness | ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାହୀନତା | byabasthāhīnatā | anomia | Medium-High | Love for the Brethren / Sin | 3 | ଅଧର୍ମ (baseline-rejected for “sin”) | Keep distinct from ପାପ |
| devil | ଶୟତାନ | Śayatāna | diabolos | High | Testing the Spirits | 3, 4, 5 | ଦିଆବଳ (regional variant, acceptable) | Distinguish from folk bhūta-preta spirit categories |
| murderer | ନରହତ୍ୟାକାରୀ | narahatyākārī | anthrōpoktonos | Low | Love for the Brethren | 3 | — | — |
| compassion | ଅନୁକମ୍ପା | anukampā | splanchna | Low-Medium | Love for the Brethren | 3 | — | Idiomatic; translate for sense |
| confidence / boldness | ଦୃଢ଼ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ / ସାହସ | dṛḍha biśwāsa / sāhasa | parrēsia | High | Assurance of Salvation | 3, 4 (core) | — | Not self-confidence/merit-based |
| seed | ବୀଜ | bīja | sperma | Medium | New Birth | 3 | — | Anchor to γεννάω context, not tantric/karmic bīja concepts |
| hope | ଭରସା / ଆଶା | bharasā / āśā | elpis | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 3 | — | Confident expectation, not wishful uncertainty |
| pure | ନିର୍ମଳ | nirmaḷa | hagnos | Medium | Sanctification | 3 | — | Distinguish from ritual purity |
| test the spirits | ଆତ୍ମାମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରିବା | ātmāmānaṅku parīkṣā karibā | dokimazō ta pneumata | High | Testing the Spirits | 4 | — | Doctrinal/confessional testing, not folk divinatory diagnosis (gunia/kalisi practice) |
| false prophet | ଭଣ୍ଡ ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା | bhaṇḍa bhabiṣyadbaktā | pseudoprophētēs | Medium | Testing the Spirits | 4 | — | Built on baseline’s ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା |
| spirit of error | ପ୍ରବଞ୍ଚନାର ଆତ୍ମା | prabañcanāra ātmā | pneuma tēs planēs | High | Testing the Spirits | 4 | — | Personal deceiving spirit, contrast to ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା |
| flesh (incarnation confession) | ମାଂସ(ରେ ଆସିଥିବା) | māṅsa(re āsithibā) | sarx | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 4 | ଅବତାର (baseline-forbidden) | Antichrist litmus test; reuses baseline’s ଦେହଧାରଣ/Nabakalebara caution |
| only begotten | ଏକମାତ୍ର ପୁତ୍ର | ekamātra putra | monogenēs | Critical | Sonship and Deity of Christ | 4 (core) | ଅବତାରୀ ପୁରୁଷ (baseline-rejected) | Puri-triad/avatara-plurality collision |
| Savior | ତ୍ରାଣକର୍ତ୍ତା | trāṇakartā | sōtēr | High | Assurance of Salvation | 4 (core) | — | Agent-noun on baseline’s ପରିତ୍ରାଣ root |
| judgment | ବିଚାର | bicāra | krisis | Medium-High | Assurance of Salvation | 4 (core) | — | Personal forensic verdict, not impersonal karmic mechanism |
| fear | ଭୟ | bhaya | phobos | Low-Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 4 (core) | — | Anxious dread, distinct from reverential awe |
| torment | ଦଣ୍ଡ | daṇḍa | kolasis | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 4 (core) | — | — |
| perfected | ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୋଇଅଛି | pūrṇa hoiachi | teleioō | Medium-High | God is Light and God is Love | 4 (core) | — | “Reaching full expression,” not sinless perfectionism |
| brother / brethren | ଭାଇ | bhāi | adelphos | Medium-High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 4 (core), throughout | — | Spiritual family crossing caste/kin lines |
| hate | ଘୃଣା କରିବା | ghṇā karibā | miseō | Low | Love for the Brethren | 4 (core) | — | — |
| liar | ମିଛୁଆ | michhuā | pseustēs | Low | Love for the Brethren | 4 (core) | — | — |
| believe (that Jesus is the Christ) | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିବା | biśwāsa karibā | pisteuō | Critical | Assurance of Salvation | 4 (core), 5 | ଭକ୍ତି (baseline-rejected) | Specific credal object anchors assurance doctrine |
| overcome / victory | ଜୟ କରିବା | jaya karibā | nikaō | High | Overcoming the World | 4, 5 | — | Avoid Rath Yatra triumphal imagery |
| eternal life | ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ | ananta jībana | zōē aiōnios | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 2, 3, 5 | ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି (forbidden) | Newly introduced phrase; highest vigilance needed against rebirth-cycle collision |
| testimony / witness | ସାକ୍ଷ୍ୟ | sākṣya | martyria / martyreō | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 4 (core), 5 | — | — |
| water, blood, Spirit (three witnesses) | ଜଳ, ରକ୍ତ, ଆତ୍ମା | jaḷa, rakta, ātmā | hydōr, haima, pneuma | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 5 | — | Historical testimony events, not ritual-bathing sequence |
| sin unto death | ମୃତ୍ୟୁଜନକ ପାପ | mṛtyujanaka pāpa | hamartia pros thanaton | High (ambiguity flag) | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 5 | — | Genuine interpretive ambiguity; flag for review |
| understanding | ବୋଧ | bodha | dianoia | Low | Assurance of Salvation | 5 | — | — |
| idols | ମୂର୍ତ୍ତି / ପ୍ରତିମା | mūrti / pratimā | eidōlon | Critical | Overcoming the World (closing exhortation) | 5 | — | Direct term for Jagannath’s own sacred images; requires theologian review and contextual note every occurrence |
Section 3 — Terms Requiring Mandatory Human Theologian Review (Critical Tier, This Curriculum)
- love / God is love — ପ୍ରେମ
- light / God is light — ଆଲୋକ
- world — ଜଗତ
- anointing — ଅଭିଷେକ
- idols — ମୂର୍ତ୍ତି / ପ୍ରତିମା
- propitiation — ପାପ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ ବଳି
- flesh (incarnation confession) — ମାଂସ(ରେ ଆସିଥିବା)
- only begotten — ଏକମାତ୍ର ପୁତ୍ର
- eternal life — ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ
- antichrist — ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ବିରୋଧୀ
- born of God — ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଜାତ
- advocate — ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ
- believe (that Jesus is the Christ) — ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିବା (5:1 credal object)
Plus all baseline Critical terms reused unchanged (God, Jesus, Christ, Son of God, Father, Holy Spirit, righteousness, salvation).
Section 4 — Terms Requiring Native Speaker Review (Medium Tier)
fellowship (elevated in this curriculum), commandment, seed, hope, pure, false prophet, judgment, torment, perfected, testimony/witness, water-blood-Spirit, coming (parousia), lawlessness, blood, faithful and just, understanding.
This glossary must be loaded alongside translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 processing of any 1 John segment. New terms listed in Section 2 must be added to translation_memory.json with incremented version number and to bible_term_registry.json / doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 translation begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର
Transliteration: Parameśwara
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର, ଭଗବାନ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Anchors both ‘God is Light’ (1:5) and ‘God is Love’ (4:8, 4:16) identity statements. Never ଠାକୁର (Jagannath’s everyday devotional name) or ଭଗବାନ (generic deity term).
Jesus
Approved rendering: ଯୀଶୁ
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Incarnation Confession
Rejected alternatives: ଈସା
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Established Odia Christian form; never ଈସା (Muslim/Urdu-associated form).
Christ
Approved rendering: ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭa
Doctrine: Antichrist and False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ମସୀହା (reserved for OT messianic-promise register)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New TM key for this curriculum, but the transliteration itself is inherited from the Romans package’s established transliteration standards (‘Christ = ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ’). In 1 John’s credal-confession passages (2:22; 4:2-3; 5:1) it functions as part of the fixed name ‘Jesus Christ’ as much as a title; distinct in register from ମସୀହା, reserved for explicit OT messianic-promise contexts.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Putra
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାରୀ ପୁରୁଷ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly; full phrase required, never abbreviated. In 1 John this grounds the confession test (4:15, 5:5) and assurance of eternal life (5:11-13).
Only Begotten
Approved rendering: ଏକମାତ୍ର ପୁତ୍ର
Transliteration: ekamātra putra
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରିୟ ପୁତ୍ର (beloved son — loses uniqueness claim), ପ୍ରଥମ ପୁତ୍ର (firstborn son — wrong sense)
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum, built alongside ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର. Must directly counter the Puri triad (Jagannath, brother Balabhadra, sister Subhadra worshipped as a family of sacred images) and the wider avatara framework of multiple divine manifestations. ଏକମାତ୍ର must never be softened; central to 1 John 4:9.
Father
Approved rendering: ପିତା
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Personal, relational Father; 1:3’s fellowship doctrine requires this relational sense, not the distant, abstract ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା (creator).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: Pabitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: ପରମାତ୍ମା
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never ପରମାତ୍ମା (monistic Universal Self of Vedantic usage). Especially critical in 4:1-6, where the personal Holy Spirit is contrasted with the impersonal ‘spirit of error’ and with folk spirit-categories.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Children of God and Family Identity
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never ଧର୍ମ. Righteous conduct evidencing new birth (2:29, 3:7, 3:10), not cosmic duty or ritual merit.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: paritrāṇa
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never ମୋକ୍ଷ or ମୁକ୍ତି. Root concept behind ‘Savior’ (σωτήρ, 4:14).
Lord
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER ଠାକୁର. Retained for any surrounding curriculum material (lesson introductions, prayers) referring to Christ’s Lordship, though 1 John’s own text emphasizes Sonship/Deity vocabulary more than the title ‘Lord’ directly.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ. Retained as background doctrinal anchor for 1 John’s hope/eternal-life teaching (2:28, 3:2-3, 5:11-13), even where the term itself is not the letter’s primary vocabulary (the letter uses ‘born of God’ and ‘eternal life’ as its own distinct emphases).
Light
Approved rendering: ଆଲୋକ
Transliteration: āloka
Doctrine: God is Light
Rejected alternatives: ତେଜ
Original: φῶς
Category: Light
God’s own identity-term (1:5, ‘God is light and in Him is no darkness at all’), not a borrowed metaphor like the baseline’s ମହିମା. Collides with Odisha’s dense devotional lamp practice (daily āratī before Jagannath, household ghee-lamp/dīpa worship). Must be actively fenced with context: unmixed moral purity and self-disclosing truthfulness, never devotional lamp-light offered to a deity.
Love
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରେମ / ପ୍ରେମ କରିବା
Transliteration: prema / prema karibā
Doctrine: God is Love
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରୀତି
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Love
HIGHEST-PRIORITY RISK TERM IN THE CURRICULUM. Collides with the Gita Govinda’s (Jayadeva, 12th c.) Radha-Krishna erotic/romantic prema-bhakti, ritually sung and danced (Odissi) as part of daily Puri worship, intensified by Jagannath’s theological identification with Krishna. Every occurrence in 4:7-21 and elsewhere must be understood and, where necessary, footnoted as the self-giving, cross-shaped love of 4:10, never devotional romantic surrender.
God Is Love
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ପ୍ରେମ ଅଟନ୍ତି
Transliteration: Parameśwara prema aṭanti
Doctrine: God is Love
Rejected alternatives: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ପ୍ରେମମୟ (weakens identity statement to mere attribute)
Original: ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν
Category: Love
The letter’s most load-bearing sentence (4:8, 4:16). Must remain a metaphysical identity predication (the copula construction … ଅଟନ୍ତି preserved exactly), never softened to an attributive gloss such as ପ୍ରେମମୟ (‘loving’). Same Gita Govinda collision as ‘love’ applies with full force.
Confess Christ
Approved rendering: ସ୍ୱୀକାର କରନ୍ତି
Transliteration: swīkāra karanti
Doctrine: Antichrist and False Teaching
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Christology
Credal sense (2:23, 4:2-3, 4:15) — public acknowledgment of Christ’s identity/incarnation, the doctrinal test distinguishing the Spirit of God from the spirit of antichrist. Parallel to Romans 10:9’s confession of Christ’s Lordship; carries Critical risk because 4:2-3 makes this specific confession the litmus test of true vs. false spirits.
Advocate
Approved rendering: ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: Advocate: Christ’s Ongoing Intercession
Rejected alternatives: ଗୁରୁ, ପୂଜକ
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Christology
Builds on the baseline’s ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା (intercession) root, but names Christ himself as sole heavenly Advocate (2:1). Reuses the baseline’s caution against ritual intermediation through other intercessory figures — specifically the hereditary pandaa/sevayat temple functionaries at Puri who present a devotee’s petitions to Jagannath. Christ’s advocacy is personal and direct, requiring no ritual intermediary class.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: ପାପ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ ବଳି
Transliteration: pāpa pāiṅ prāyaścitta baḷi
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ ଅଲୋନ (bare word implies self-performed penance)
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Salvation
The available Odia word ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ is the standard Dharmashastra term for self-performed penance/expiation (pilgrimage, fasting, ritual bathing, votive offerings) — the precise inverse of this doctrine, where God himself provides the atoning sacrifice. The full compound with ବଳି, grammatically marking God’s own sent Son as the offering, is mandatory (2:2, 4:10). Flag for theologian review every occurrence.
World
Approved rendering: ଜଗତ
Transliteration: jagata
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: ପୃଥିବୀ (too narrowly physical-earth)
Original: κόσμος
Category: Eschatology
SINGLE HIGHEST-DENSITY COLLISION IN THE BOOK: ‘Jagannath’ is a compound of jagat (‘world/universe’) + nātha (‘lord’). Used in both the neutral/positive sense (world God loves and sends the Son to save, 4:9, 4:14) and negative sense (God-opposed value-system, 2:15-17, 4:4-5, 5:4-5, 5:19). Neither sense should ever be heard as commenting on the title ‘Jagannath’ itself; requires a standing curriculum-wide translator’s note, not per-verse fencing alone.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ବିରୋଧୀ
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭa birodhī
Doctrine: Antichrist and False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ଆଣ୍ଟିକ୍ରାଇଷ୍ଟ (bare transliteration, less clear to low-literacy readers)
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
Book-defining term (2:18-23, 2:22, 4:3), a present spirit/movement defined precisely as denial that Jesus is the Christ come in the flesh. Descriptive compound preferred over bare transliteration to preserve doctrinal content — christological/incarnational denial — rather than reading as a generic ‘evil person’ label.
Anointing
Approved rendering: ଅଭିଷେକ
Transliteration: abhiṣeka
Doctrine: Anointing and Spiritual Discernment
Original: χρῖσμα
Category: Christology
One of the sharpest Odisha-specific collisions in the book. ଅଭିଷେକ is the standard term for Snana Yatra, Puri’s annual ceremonial bathing/anointing of Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra with 108 pots of water, understood as periodically renewing divine potency. Using it for the believer’s Spirit-given discernment (2:20, 2:27) risks echoing this periodic, priest-administered ritual-renewal logic rather than a permanent, universal, non-ritual indwelling given once to every believer. Flag every occurrence for theologian review with a distinguishing note, on the same footing as the baseline’s Nabakalebara caution.
Born Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଜାତ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅkaṭhāru jāta
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ (forbidden — rebirth-cycle vocabulary)
Original: γεννάω ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
A single, permanent, non-repeatable spiritual begetting by a personal God (2:29, 3:9, 4:7, 5:1, 5:4, 5:18). NEVER let this collapse toward ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ — same absolute prohibition logic as the baseline’s ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ vs. ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ distinction for resurrection. Always use the full phrase; never the bare noun ଜନ୍ମ alone.
Flesh Incarnation
Approved rendering: ମାଂସ(ରେ ଆସିଥିବା)
Transliteration: māṅsa(re āsithibā)
Doctrine: Incarnation Confession
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାର (baseline-forbidden)
Original: σάρξ (ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα)
Category: Christology
The confession that Jesus Christ has ‘come in the flesh’ (4:2-3) — the defining doctrinal test of the spirit of antichrist. Directly reuses the baseline’s Incarnation doctrine (ଦେହଧାରଣ): must never evoke ଅବତାର or the Nabakalebara pattern of periodic ritual renewal of a sacred body. Arguably the single most doctrinally weighted incarnation text in the curriculum, since denial of the confession — not merely disbelief in a narrated event — is the litmus test.
Believe Jesus Is Christ
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିବା
Transliteration: biśwāsa karibā
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: πιστεύω ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός
Category: Faith
Personal trust anchored in the specific credal object that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God (5:1, 5:5, 5:13) — the letter’s assurance doctrine depends on this specific belief. Reuse baseline’s ବିଶ୍ୱାସ root exactly; never ଭକ୍ତି.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ
Transliteration: ananta jībana
Doctrine: Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
Everlasting personal relational life with God through the Son (5:11-13, 5:20; also 1:2, 2:25, 3:15) — the letter’s explicitly stated purpose (5:13). Governed by the same absolute prohibition as the baseline’s ପରିତ୍ରାଣ: NEVER associated with or heard as equivalent to ମୋକ୍ଷ or ମୁକ୍ତି. This phrase is newly introduced by this curriculum and is the doctrine most vulnerable to syncretistic misreading in the entire book; eternal life is unending relational life, not liberation/extinction from an otherwise-continuing rebirth cycle.
Idols
Approved rendering: ମୂର୍ତ୍ତି / ପ୍ରତିମା
Transliteration: mūrti / pratimā
Doctrine: Idolatry Warning (Closing Exhortation)
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Discernment
THE MOST DIRECT, UNAVOIDABLE COLLISION IN THE ENTIRE BOOK. ମୂର୍ତ୍ତି/ପ୍ରତିମା is the ordinary Odia word for the sacred wooden images of Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra enshrined at Puri. The letter’s abrupt closing verse (5:21) requires a mandatory contextual translator’s note framing this as loving instruction toward exclusive devotion to the true, living God (5:20), never a decontextualized denunciation of a community’s religious heritage. Escalate to human theologian review every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର
Transliteration: pabitra
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Moral, relational set-apartness, not ritual purity; informs ‘the Holy One’ (2:20) and the letter’s purity vocabulary.
Sin
Approved rendering: ପାପ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ଅଧର୍ମ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never ଅଧର୍ମ. Central to 1:8-10, 3:4-9, 5:16-18.
Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ
Transliteration: biśwāsa
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never ଭକ୍ତି. The means by which the world is overcome (5:4).
Law
Approved rendering: ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା
Transliteration: byabasthā
Doctrine: Sin and Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never ଧର୍ମ. Root concept underlying ‘lawlessness’ (ἀνομία, 3:4).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ସହଭାଗିତା
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: ମିତ୍ରତା
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package exactly (translation unchanged), but risk ELEVATED from Low (Romans baseline) to High for this curriculum because 1 John states fellowship as the letter’s own stated purpose (1:3-4) with God himself as its explicit object, not only a background term. Never ମିତ୍ରତା (mere social camaraderie).
Grace
Approved rendering: କୃପା
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: କର୍ମଫଳ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Not directly quoted in 1 John’s core text but retained for cross-reference and background teaching consistency, since God’s unmerited favor underlies confession/forgiveness and propitiation doctrine.
Darkness
Approved rendering: ଅନ୍ଧକାର
Transliteration: andhakāra
Doctrine: God is Light
Original: σκότος / σκοτία
Category: Light
Paired antonym to ଆଲୋକ; must retain the same moral-relational force, not merely absence of physical light (1:6, 2:8-11).
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: ଜୀବନର ବାକ୍ୟ
Transliteration: jībanara bākya
Doctrine: Incarnation Confession
Original: λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
ବାକ୍ୟ is the established Odia Christian rendering of Logos (cf. John 1:1). Must be distinguished from Śabda Brahman, the Sanskritic/Vedantic impersonal cosmic Word/Sound identified with monistic ultimate reality — parallel to the baseline’s ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା vs. ପରମାତ୍ମା distinction. The Word here is the personal, historically incarnate, seen-and-touched Christ (1:1).
Manifested
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରକାଶିତ ହେବା
Transliteration: prakāśita hebā
Doctrine: Incarnation Confession
Original: φανερόω
Category: Christology
Of Christ’s historical appearing (1:2, 3:5, 3:8, 4:9) and believers’ future unveiling (3:2). Must be a one-time historical event, never a recurring cultic disclosure; distinguish from the periodic ritual ‘revealing’/renewal associated with Nabakalebara.
Confess Sin
Approved rendering: ସ୍ୱୀକାର କରିବା
Transliteration: swīkāra karibā
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Sin
Penitential sense (1:9). Same Odia verb also renders the credal sense (see confess_christ); reviewers must track which sense is active per occurrence, since 1:9’s forgiveness doctrine hinges specifically on this penitential meaning.
Forgive
Approved rendering: କ୍ଷମା କରିବେ
Transliteration: kṣamā karibe
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Salvation
God’s certain, covenantal release of guilt (1:9), grounded in his own faithful and just character, not ritual performance or accumulated merit. Preserve the conditional logic precisely.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: ଶୁଦ୍ଧ କରିବେ
Transliteration: śuddha karibe
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification
The baseline rejected ଶୁଦ୍ଧ as a rendering for ‘holy’ due to ritual-purity connotations (bathing rites, food-preparation rules, sanctum restrictions at Puri). Here καθαρίζω genuinely means ‘cleanse,’ so ଶୁଦ୍ଧ is lexically apt, but the means (Christ’s blood, 1:7, appropriated by faith and confession) must always be stated in the same sentence, never left implicit.
Lust
Approved rendering: କାମନା / ଅଭିଳାଷ
Transliteration: kāmanā / abhilāṣa
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Eschatology
Disordered, sinful craving belonging to ‘the world’ (2:16). କାମନା (kāma) carries independent philosophical weight as one of the four traditional puruṣārtha life-goals; context must make clear the Johannine sense is disordered craving, not a rejection of desire/pleasure within its traditional four-fold framework.
Abide
Approved rendering: ରହିବା / ସ୍ଥିର ରହିବା
Transliteration: rahibā / sthira rahibā
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: μένω
Category: Fellowship
Ongoing, reciprocal relational union (‘He in us, and we in Him’) evidenced by love for the brethren (2:6, 2:10, 2:24, 2:27-28, 4:12-16). Must convey continuing, living relational union, not a pilgrim’s temporary ritual proximity to a sacred site during darshan or festival. Preserve the reciprocal structure precisely in every occurrence.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସନ୍ତାନ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka santāna
Doctrine: Children of God and Family Identity
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Church
Believers as God’s own begotten children, emphasizing birth/family-resemblance (2:29-3:2, 3:10) rather than the legal-inheritance framing of adoption. Keep distinct from the baseline’s ପୋଷ୍ୟ ପୁତ୍ରତ୍ୱ (adoption); the Greek uses two different word-families deliberately (τέκνα vs. υἱοθεσία) and they should not be flattened together across curricula.
Truth
Approved rendering: ସତ୍ୟ
Transliteration: satya
Doctrine: Truth and Error
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Discernment
The specific, personal, revealed truth about Jesus Christ’s identity (2:21-22, 4:6). ସତ୍ୟ carries significant independent philosophical weight in Hindu thought (cosmic/absolute Truth-Reality, ‘Satya Yuga,’ Vedantic usage denoting impersonal Reality/Brahman). Must be read as personal, revealed truth about Christ, not generic philosophical or cosmic-order truth.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାହୀନତା
Transliteration: byabasthāhīnatā
Doctrine: Sin and Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ଅଧର୍ମ (baseline-rejected for ‘sin’; must not be reused here either)
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
Sin defined specifically as rebellion against God’s law (3:4, ‘sin is lawlessness’). Built on the baseline’s ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା (‘law’) root as a distinct compound, preserving the Greek’s own distinction between ἁμαρτία and ἀνομία; must not reuse ପାପ nor fall back to ଅଧର୍ମ.
Devil
Approved rendering: ଶୟତାନ
Transliteration: Śayatāna
Doctrine: Devil and Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: ଦିଆବଳ (regional variant, acceptable secondary form)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Discernment
The proper title of Satan, the personal spiritual adversary (3:8, 3:10, 3:12, 5:18-19). Must be understood as a single, personal, defeated spiritual adversary — not conflated with the diffuse folk category of malevolent local spirits (bhūta-pretas) addressed by rural gunia/kalisi practitioners.
Confidence
Approved rendering: ଦୃଢ଼ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ / ସାହସ
Transliteration: dṛḍha biśwāsa / sāhasa
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: παρρησία
Category: Salvation
Unashamed boldness before God in prayer (3:21, 5:14) and at judgment (4:17). Must not read as human self-confidence or merit-based standing; parallel to the baseline’s caution on pilgrimage/ritual-merit assurance versus assurance grounded in God’s unchanging character.
Test The Spirits
Approved rendering: ଆତ୍ମାମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରିବା
Transliteration: ātmāmānaṅku parīkṣā karibā
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: δοκιμάζω τὰ πνεύματα
Category: Discernment
Believers are commanded to actively evaluate spiritual claims against the fixed doctrinal standard of the incarnate Christ (4:1-3). Must be doctrinal/confessional testing, not the folk-diagnostic or divinatory practice performed by rural gunia/kalisi practitioners to identify a causative deity/spirit.
Spirit Of Error
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରବଞ୍ଚନାର ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: prabañcanāra ātmā
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης
Category: Discernment
A personal, deceiving spiritual force opposed to the Spirit of truth (4:6), the direct counterpart/contrast to ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା in this passage’s dualistic framework. Must not be rendered as a mere abstract error or honest mistake.
Savior
Approved rendering: ତ୍ରାଣକର୍ତ୍ତା
Transliteration: trāṇakartā
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Christ as the sole agent of salvation, sent by the Father to save the world (4:14). Agent-noun formed on the baseline’s established ପରିତ୍ରାଣ root. ‘Savior of the world’ sits near the etymology of ‘Jagannath’ (‘Lord of the world’); ensure the title is heard as Christ’s exclusive saving agency, not a generic ‘world-lord’ epithet.
Judgment
Approved rendering: ବିଚାର
Transliteration: bicāra
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
The final divine tribunal, before which believers may have boldness (4:17). Distinguish from the impersonal, fatalistic-flavored karmic-causation sense ବିଚାର can carry in vernacular usage; this is a personal God’s forensic verdict, parallel to the baseline’s providence-vs.-fate caution.
Perfected
Approved rendering: ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୋଇଅଛି
Transliteration: pūrṇa hoiachi
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: τελειόω
Category: Love
Love, and believers within it, reaching its intended, mature, full expression (4:12, 4:17-18) — not sinless moral perfectionism. Must convey ‘reaching full, intended expression,’ especially as love is completed/made visible through mutual love among believers.
Brother
Approved rendering: ଭାଇ
Transliteration: bhāi
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Church
A fellow believer/member of the spiritual family of God, whose love is the visible test of claimed but unseen love for God (4:20-21; also 2:9-11, 3:10-17). Odia social life is deeply structured by caste and kin categories in which ଭାଇ can carry strong biological-family or caste-community connotations; must be understood as the spiritual family of all believers in Christ, crossing caste and biological-family lines, parallel to the baseline’s caution on caste-based spiritual hierarchy.
Overcome
Approved rendering: ଜୟ କରିବା
Transliteration: jaya karibā
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: νικάω
Category: Eschatology
Spiritual victory over the world’s God-opposed value system, already accomplished for every believer through faith (4:4, 5:4-5). Given ଜଗତ’s collision with ‘Jagannath,’ this verb must be handled with equal care — victory over the God-opposed moral-spiritual order, not a contest with Jagannath devotion or regional culture. Avoid Rath Yatra triumphal-procession imagery when illustrating this victory.
Sin Unto Death
Approved rendering: ମୃତ୍ୟୁଜନକ ପାପ
Transliteration: mṛtyujanaka pāpa
Doctrine: Sin and Lawlessness
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
A genuinely debated phrase (5:16) — possibly divine-discipline death for a believer’s sin, or final unrepented apostasy characteristic of an unbeliever; the text itself does not resolve which. Flag for native speaker/theologian review with alternative renderings recorded; the ambiguity is in the Greek, not a translation choice, and affects pastoral application regarding intercessory prayer (5:16b).
Medium Risk Terms
Blood
Approved rendering: ରକ୍ତ
Transliteration: rakta
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
Christ’s atoning, sacrificial blood (1:7). Note of contrast (not confusion): Jagannath’s temple tradition offers exclusively vegetarian bhoga, unlike Odisha’s Shakta temples’ historical blood-offering traditions; Christ’s blood is neither a vegetarian offering nor a worshipper-performed appeasement sacrifice, but God’s own once-for-all provided atonement.
Faithful And Just
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ୍ୟ ଓ ଧାର୍ମିକ
Transliteration: biśwāsya o dhārmika
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମନିଷ୍ଠ (risk of ଧର୍ମ root)
Original: πιστός καὶ δίκαιος
Category: God
God’s character as the ground of certain forgiveness (1:9). Adjective forms built on the baseline’s established ବିଶ୍ୱାସ and ଧାର୍ମିକତା roots; never any rendering drawing on ଧର୍ମ.
Walk
Approved rendering: ଆଚରଣ କରିବା
Transliteration: ācaraṇa karibā
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
Metaphor for habitual conduct (1:6-7, ‘walk in darkness / walk in the light’). Standard behavioral metaphor; keep consistent for cross-curriculum use.
Commandment
Approved rendering: ଆଜ୍ଞା
Transliteration: ājñā
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: ଧାର୍ମିକ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Faith
Shares root with baseline’s ବିଶ୍ୱାସର ଆଜ୍ଞାବହତା. Must be read as flowing from and confirming a love relationship already established via new birth (4:7), not an independent legal-ritual duty.
Pride Of Life
Approved rendering: ଜୀବନର ଅହଂକାର
Transliteration: jībanara ahaṅkāra
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου
Category: Eschatology
Boastful arrogance/ostentatious self-display regarding possessions or status, one of the three components of worldliness (2:16). Low independent collision risk.
Coming
Approved rendering: ଆଗମନ
Transliteration: āgamana
Doctrine: Hope and Christ’s Return
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s personal, historical, future return (2:28). Must be read as such, not a generic ‘descent/avatar’ concept nor a cyclical festival-procession image; avoid Rath Yatra triumphal-procession imagery per the baseline’s idiom-handling rule.
Seed
Approved rendering: ବୀଜ
Transliteration: bīja
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Salvation
Metaphor for the divine life/nature implanted at new birth, remaining in the believer (3:9). ବୀଜ also carries philosophical resonance in Hindu soteriological metaphors (karmic ‘seed,’ tantric bīja mantra); context must anchor the sense to the surrounding γεννάω/new-birth vocabulary.
Hope
Approved rendering: ଭରସା / ଆଶା
Transliteration: bharasā / āśā
Doctrine: Hope and Christ’s Return
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Salvation
Confident expectation grounded in Christ’s promised appearing (3:3), producing self-purification. Must be rendered as confident expectation, not a wish or uncertain aspiration.
Pure
Approved rendering: ନିର୍ମଳ
Transliteration: nirmaḷa
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: ἁγνός
Category: Sanctification
Moral purity/chastity, near-synonym of ἅγιος with a stronger purity nuance (3:3). Keep distinct from ritual-purity vocabulary, per the same caution documented for ପବିତ୍ର/ଶୁଦ୍ଧ.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: ଭଣ୍ଡ ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା
Transliteration: bhaṇḍa bhabiṣyadbaktā
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Discernment
Built on the baseline’s established ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା (prophet); those who speak in a spirit not from God, to be tested and rejected (4:1). Retain the baseline’s caution against confusing prophet-figures with astrologers/fortune-tellers (ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷୀ).
Fear
Approved rendering: ଭୟ
Transliteration: bhaya
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: φόβος
Category: Salvation
The anxious dread of a guilty person before judgment, cast out by perfected love (4:18). Ensure the reverential-awe sense (‘fear of the Lord’ elsewhere in Scripture) is not confused with this passage’s anxious, torment-producing dread; context disambiguates.
Torment
Approved rendering: ଦଣ୍ଡ
Transliteration: daṇḍa
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: κόλασις
Category: Salvation
Punishment/torment that fear involves (4:18). Standard term; ensure it is read relationally (dread of a personal Judge) rather than impersonal retributive karma.
Testimony
Approved rendering: ସାକ୍ଷ୍ୟ
Transliteration: sākṣya
Doctrine: Testimony of the Spirit, Water, and Blood
Original: μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω
Category: Faith
Legal-register witness/testimony borne to Christ’s identity (4:14, 5:6-11), including God’s own internal testimony. Standard term with courtroom/legal connotation.
Water Blood Spirit
Approved rendering: ଜଳ, ରକ୍ତ, ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: jaḷa, rakta, ātmā
Doctrine: Testimony of the Spirit, Water, and Blood
Original: ὕδωρ, αἷμα, πνεῦμα
Category: Faith
Three converging witnesses to Christ’s identity (baptism, death, the Spirit’s testimony, 5:6-8). Note possible collision with Odia ritual-bathing/purification practices (e.g. Snana Yatra) when ‘water’ appears alongside ‘blood’ in a witness context; context must make clear these are historical events testifying to Christ’s identity, not a ritual purification sequence.
Low Risk Terms
Lie
Approved rendering: ମିଛ
Transliteration: michha
Doctrine: Truth and Error
Original: ψεῦδος
Category: Discernment
Falsehood, specifically the denial that Jesus is the Christ (2:21-22). Standard term; low collision risk.
Liar
Approved rendering: ମିଛୁଆ
Transliteration: michhuā
Doctrine: Truth and Error
Original: ψεύστης
Category: Discernment
One who speaks falsehood — used of doctrinal denial (2:22) and of professed but unpracticed love (4:20). Standard term; low collision risk.
Murderer
Approved rendering: ନରହତ୍ୟାକାରୀ
Transliteration: narahatyākārī
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀνθρωποκτόνος
Category: Discernment
Used of Cain and of anyone who hates his brother (3:15). Standard term; low collision risk.
Compassion
Approved rendering: ଅନୁକମ୍ପା
Transliteration: anukampā
Doctrine: Practical Love and Compassion
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Love
Deep, gut-level pity/compassion, withheld in the negative example of 3:17. Idiomatic; translate for sense, not literal ancient physiology (splanchna).
Hate
Approved rendering: ଘୃଣା କରିବା
Transliteration: ghṇā karibā
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: μισέω
Category: Church
Active hostility/ill-will toward a brother, the opposite of love and evidence against a claimed love for God (2:9-11, 4:20). Standard term; low collision risk.
Understanding
Approved rendering: ବୋଧ
Transliteration: bodha
Doctrine: Eternal Life
Original: διάνοια
Category: Faith
The capacity to know God truly, given by the Son (5:20). Standard term; low collision risk.
Referenced passages