Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Timothy — English → Odia
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all six chapters of 1 Timothy. Terms marked [REUSED] are already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly, with no deviation. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum, pending confirmation and addition to translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json framework: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review sufficient).
A. Reused Terms from Romans Baseline (Apply Exactly As Recorded)
| English Term | Odia | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key 1 Timothy Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱର | Parameśwara | Critical | God | 1:1-2; 2:3,5; 3:15-16; 4:10; 6:11-17 | Never ଠାକୁର or ଭଗବାନ |
| Lord | ପ୍ରଭୁ | Prabhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:2,12,14; 6:3,14-15 | Never ଠାକୁର; see new δεσπότης entry below for the distinct human “master” sense in 6:1-2 |
| Jesus | ଯୀଶୁ | Yīśu | Critical | Christology | throughout | Never ଈସା |
| Holy Spirit | ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା | Pabitra Ātmā | Critical | God | 3:16; 4:1 | Never ପରମାତ୍ମା |
| Father | ପିତା | Pitā | Critical | God | 1:2 | Never ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା |
| Faith | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ | biśwāsa | High | Faith | throughout (1:2,4,5,14,19; 2:7,15; 3:9,13; 4:1,6,12; 5:8,12; 6:10-12,21) | Never ଭକ୍ତି |
| Grace | କୃପା | kṛpā | High | Grace | 1:2,14; 6:21 | Never ପୁଣ୍ୟ/କର୍ମଫଳ |
| Gospel | ସୁସମାଚାର | susamācāra | High | Gospel | 1:11 | Never ଖବର |
| Righteousness | ଧାର୍ମିକତା | dhārmikatā | Critical | Salvation | 6:11 | Never ଧର୍ମ |
| Salvation / saved | ପରିତ୍ରାଣ | paritrāṇa | Critical | Salvation | 1:15; 2:4,15; 4:10,16 | Never ମୋକ୍ଷ/ମୁକ୍ତି |
| Law | ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା | byabasthā | High | Fulfillment of the Law | 1:7-9 | Never ଧର୍ମ |
| Sin | ପାପ | pāpa | High | Universal Accountability | 1:9,15; 5:20,22,24 | — |
| Church | ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ | maṇḍaḷī | Medium | Church | 3:5,15 | Never ମନ୍ଦିର/ଦେଉଳ |
| Sanctification | ପବିତ୍ରୀକରଣ | pabitrīkaraṇa | High | Sanctification | 4:5 | — |
| Holy | ପବିତ୍ର | pabitra | High | Sanctification | 2:8 (“holy hands”) | Never ଶୁଦ୍ଧ |
| Glory | ମହିମା | mahimā | High | Deity of Christ | 1:11,17; 3:16 | Never ତେଜ |
| Gentiles | ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି | anyajāti | Medium | Unity of Jews/Gentiles | 2:7 | — |
| Called / calling | ଆହୂତ / ଆହ୍ୱାନ | āhūta / āhwāna | High | Divine Calling | 6:12 | Context-sensitive per baseline note |
| Election (elect) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ | Parameśwaraṅka Manonayana | High | Election | 5:21 (“elect angels”) | — |
| Spiritual gifts | ଆତ୍ମିକ ଦାନ | ātmika dāna | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | 4:14 | — |
| Prophecy | ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀ | bhabiṣyadbāṇī | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:18; 4:14 | — |
| Intercession | ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା | madhyasthatā | Medium | Prayer | 2:1 | Root for new μεσίτης entry below |
| Thanksgiving | ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ସ୍ତୁତି | dhanyabāda stuti | Low | Thanksgiving | 2:1 | — |
| Fellowship | ସହଭାଗିତା | sahabhāgitā | Low | Fellowship | 6:18 (κοινωνικός) | — |
| Apostle | ପ୍ରେରିତ | prerita | Medium | Apostleship | 1:1; 2:7 | Never ଗୁରୁ |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Timothy
| English Term | Original (Greek) | Odia | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Category | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overseer / Bishop | ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή | ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ / ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ପଦ | adhyakṣa / adhyakṣa pada | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | ଗୁରୁ, ପାଣ୍ଡା | Must be distinguished from the hereditary, caste-linked sevayat/pandaa system of Puri temple administration; this office is aspired to and qualified for by character, not inherited by lineage. |
| Elder (office) | πρεσβύτερος | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ | prācīna | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Interchangeable office with ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ (3:1-7; 5:17,19); distinguish from generic “older person” sense (5:1-2) and from secular village-elder/panchayat authority. |
| Elder (generic, older person) | πρεσβύτερος | ବୟସ୍କ | baẏaska | High (context-sensitivity) | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Same Greek word as office-title; translators must track which sense is active at each occurrence (5:1-2 vs. 5:17,19). |
| Deacon (office) | διάκονος | ଡିକନ | ḍikana (transliteration) | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | ସେବକ | ସେବକ rejected: it is the established Odia term for the hereditary, caste-linked ritual-service functionaries (daitapati, pujapanda) of the Puri Jagannath temple, an inherited office fundamentally opposed to the tested, non-hereditary biblical deacon. Transliteration required. |
| Servant/minister (generic, non-office) | διάκονος / διακονία | ସେବକ / ସେବା | sebaka / sebā | Medium (context-sensitivity) | Christ-Centered Ministry | — | Acceptable ONLY in generic, non-office contexts (e.g., 4:6); never for the formal office of 3:8-13. |
| Mediator | μεσίτης | ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ | madhyastha | Critical | Christ as the One Mediator | ଗୁରୁ, ପାଣ୍ଡା (as functional equivalents) | Guards against Odisha’s dense landscape of religious intermediaries (temple priests, gurus); the numeral “one” (εἷς) in 2:5 must be preserved with full exclusive force. |
| Ransom | ἀντίλυτρον | ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ ମୂଲ୍ୟ | prāyaścitta mūlya | Critical | Christ as the One Mediator | ମୁକ୍ତି ମୂଲ୍ୟ | Rejected any ମୁକ୍ତି-root rendering, since ମୁକ୍ତି is already forbidden (moksha association) for “salvation”; this is a price paid by another, once, not self-attained release. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | ପରିତ୍ରାଣକର୍ତ୍ତା | paritrāṇakartā | Critical | Salvation | ମୁକ୍ତିଦାତା | Agent-noun built on the already-Critical ପରିତ୍ରାଣ root; never a term suggesting a moksha-granting guru/deity figure. |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ | ananta jībana | Critical | Salvation | — | Distinct from the cycle of rebirth/transmigration that ମୋକ୍ଷ promises escape from; a permanent, relational life granted once through faith. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος κυριευόντων | ରାଜାଧିରାଜ ଓ ପ୍ରଭୁମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁ | rājādhirāja o prabhumānaṅka prabhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | — | Uses ପ୍ରଭୁ per baseline convention; must communicate Christ’s exclusive cosmic sovereignty without reinforcing existing Jagannath-as-Odisha’s-King royal-devotional title patterns. |
| Mystery | μυστήριον | ରହସ୍ୟ | rahasya | High | Sound Doctrine / Church as Pillar of Truth | — | Must be understood as a truth now openly disclosed to all, not an ongoing tantric/Vedantic-style initiatory secret (guhya vidya). |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια / θεοσέβεια | ଈଶ୍ୱରଭକ୍ତି | Īśwarabhakti | High | Godliness and Contentment | ଧର୍ମନିଷ୍ଠା | Uses the ଭକ୍ତି root deliberately (unlike “faith,” which rejects it) since godliness names devoted, pious living; must be anchored as devotion flowing from faith in Christ specifically, not generic devotional piety transferable to any deity-object. |
| Contentment | αὐτάρκεια | ସନ୍ତୋଷ | santoṣa | Medium | Godliness and Contentment | — | Distinguish from self-generated ascetic detachment (vairagya-based santosha of yogic tradition); Christian contentment rests in trust in God’s provision. |
| Sound doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | ସୁସ୍ଥ ଶିକ୍ଷା | susthaśikṣā | Medium | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | ସଠିକ୍ ଶିକ୍ଷା | Preserve the “health” metaphor (healthy vs. diseased teaching), not merely “correct vs. incorrect.” |
| False/different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλία | ଭିନ୍ନ ଶିକ୍ଷା | bhinna śikṣā | Medium | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | — | — |
| Myths (and endless genealogies) | μῦθοι (καὶ γενεαλογίαι) | କାଳ୍ପନିକ କାହାଣୀ (ଓ ଅନନ୍ତ ବଂଶାବଳୀ) | kālpanika kāhāṇī (o ananta baṃśābaḷī) | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | — | Odisha’s devotional life is saturated with revered puranic myth/genealogy, including Jagannath’s own origin legends; must not read as a blanket dismissal of narrative/genealogy as a genre. |
| Doctrines of demons | διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων | ଦୁଷ୍ଟାତ୍ମାଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷା | duṣṭātmāṅka śikṣā | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | ଭୂତପ୍ରେତଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷା | Must not collapse into folk spirit/possession vocabulary alone; targets respectable-seeming ascetic false teaching. |
| Godliness-training / spiritual discipline | γυμνασία (πρὸς εὐσέβειαν) | ଅଭ୍ୟାସ | abhyāsa | High | Godliness and Contentment | — | Must not be read as self-attained yogic/ascetic discipline (abhyāsa-vairagya); this is Spirit-empowered growth flowing from grace. |
| False knowledge (“falsely called”) | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | ମିଥ୍ୟା ଜ୍ଞାନ | mithyā jñāna | High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | — | Distinguish from jñāna-mārga’s self-attained liberating insight; true knowledge of God is revealed in the gospel, not self-discovered. |
| Deposit (entrusted truth) | παραθήκη | ଗଚ୍ଛିତ ବିଷୟ | gacchita biṣaya | High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | — | A fixed, complete apostolic trust to be guarded unaltered — not an evolving guru-lineage (paramparā) oral tradition. |
| Pillar and foundation of truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας | ସତ୍ୟର ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ଓ ଆଧାର | satyara stambha o ādhāra | High | Church as Pillar of Truth | — | Risk of evoking the physical Aruna Stambha (Sun Pillar) at the Puri Jagannath temple entrance; clarify the metaphorical, corporate sense. |
| Love | ἀγάπη | ପ୍ରେମ | prema | High | Sound Doctrine (goal of instruction, 1:5) | — | Must be anchored as selfless, covenantal love from a pure heart/conscience/faith, not the mystical Radha-Krishna prema-bhakti of regional Vaishnav devotional literature. |
| Hope | ἐλπίς | ଭରସା | bharasā | Medium | Christ as the One Mediator (1:1) | ଆଶା | Preferred over ଆଶା to keep hope anchored in a person (Christ) rather than a general, fate-tinged wish. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | ଦୟା | dayā | Medium | Grace | — | God’s compassionate disposition toward the guilty, not merely a cultivated human virtue. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις | ବିବେକ | bibeka | Medium | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | — | Recurs 1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2; keep “clear/good conscience” rendering consistent. |
| Widow (general) | χήρα | ବିଧବା | bidhabā | High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | — | Countercultural “honor,” given India’s history of widow stigma/marginalization. |
| True widow (technical category) | ὄντως χήρα | ପ୍ରକୃତ ବିଧବା | prakṛta bidhabā | High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | — | The specific, enrollable church-support category (5:3-16), distinct from “widow” generally. |
| Enrolled (widows’ order) | καταλέγω | ତାଲିକାଭୁକ୍ତ | tālikābhukta | Medium-High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | — | Voluntary ministry enrollment, not a caste/social registry categorization. |
| Household of faith / one’s own household | οἰκεῖοι (τῆς πίστεως) | ନିଜ ପରିବାର / ପରିବାର-ଲୋକ | nija paribāra / paribāra-loka | Medium | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | — | Resonates with (rather than confronts) existing Odia joint-family provision ethics. |
| Double honor | διπλῆ τιμή | ଦ୍ୱିଗୁଣ ସମ୍ମାନ | dwiguṇa sammāna | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Earned through diligent labor, not hereditary privilege. |
| Laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | ହସ୍ତାର୍ପଣ | hastārpaṇa | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Ordination/commissioning act, distinct from generic Hindu ritual blessing-by-touch (āśīrvāda). |
| Council of elders | πρεσβυτέριον | ପ୍ରାଚୀନମାନଙ୍କ ସଭା | prācīnamānaṅka sabhā | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | — |
| Angels | ἄγγελος | ସ୍ୱର୍ଗଦୂତ | swargadūta | High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith (5:21) | ଦେବତା | Must remain created, non-worshiped servants of the one God, never a class of minor deities (devas). |
| Slave / bondservant | δοῦλος | ଦାସ | dāsa | High (context-sensitivity) | Household Ethics | — | Positive Odia Vaishnav devotional self-designation (“Das”) elsewhere; 6:1-2 addresses literal first-century social slavery and must not be flattened into the devotional metaphor. |
| Master (human slave-owner) | δεσπότης | ମୁନିବ / ମାଲିକ | muniba / mālika | High | Household Ethics | ପ୍ରଭୁ | ପ୍ରଭୁ explicitly rejected here to preserve its exclusive reservation for Christ’s Critical-tier divine Lordship. |
| Good confession | καλὴ ὁμολογία | ଉତ୍ତମ ସ୍ୱୀକାରୋକ୍ତି | uttama swīkārokti | High | Lordship of Christ (echo) | — | Structural parallel to the baseline’s Critical “Jesus is Lord” confession (Romans 10:9); route for the same theologian review. |
| Trustworthy saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | ବିଶ୍ୱାସନୀୟ ବାକ୍ୟ | biśwāsanīya bākya | Medium | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | — | Recurring formula (1:15; 3:1; 4:9); render identically at every occurrence. |
| One-woman/one-man fidelity phrase | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ / ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή | ଏକ ପତ୍ନୀର ସ୍ୱାମୀ / ଏକ ସ୍ୱାମୀର ପତ୍ନୀ | eka patnīra swāmī / eka swāmīra patnī | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Render identically at 3:2, 3:12, and (reversed) 5:9. |
| Snare | παγίς | ଫାନ୍ଦ | phānda | Low | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Identical at 3:7 and 6:9. |
| Devil (personal) | διάβολος (substantive) | ଶୟତାନ | śayatāna | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | A personal spiritual adversary; must not merge with folk evil-spirit/curse vocabulary. |
| Slanderer(s) (adjectival) | διάβολος (adjectival) | ଅପବାଦକ | apabādaka | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Distinct from the personal-Satan sense above (3:11). |
| Puffed up with conceit | τυφόω | ଅହଂକାରରେ ଫୁଲିଯିବା | ahaṅkārare phuliyibā | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Identical at 3:6 and 6:4. |
| Man of God (individual honorific) | ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ଜଣ | Parameśwaraṅka jaṇa | Medium | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | ପବିତ୍ର ଲୋକ | Kept distinct from the plural corporate “saints” (ପବିତ୍ର ଲୋକ) already fixed in the baseline. |
| Manage/rule (household or church) | προΐστημι | ପରିଚାଳନା କରିବା | paricāḷanā karibā | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Human, delegated sense; keep distinct from the divine ପରିଚାଳନା (providence) sense in the baseline. |
| Exercise authority over / domineer | αὐθεντέω | ଅଧିକାର ଚଳାଇବା | adhikāra caḷāibā | High | Public Worship and Prayer | — | Lexically disputed term in a doctrinally and culturally sensitive passage (2:12); mandatory theologian review. |
| Saved through childbearing (interpretive crux) | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας | ସନ୍ତାନ ଜନ୍ମ ଦେଇ ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ରହିବ (+ translator’s note) | santāna janma dei surakṣita rahiba | Critical | Justification / Salvation (collision) | — | Requires mandatory translator’s note explaining interpretive options; must never imply salvation-by-works through childbirth. |
| Testing/proving (of deacons) | δοκιμάζω | ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରାଯାଉ | parīkṣā karāyāu | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Character examination by the church, not a ritual sign-based selection procedure. |
C. Cross-Reference Consistency Requirements
The following terms occur more than once across 1 Timothy and MUST be rendered identically at every occurrence:
| Term | Occurrences | Required Consistent Rendering |
|---|---|---|
| Trustworthy saying formula | 1:15; 3:1; 4:9 | ବିଶ୍ୱାସନୀୟ ବାକ୍ୟ |
| One-woman/one-man fidelity | 3:2; 3:12; 5:9 (reversed) | ଏକ ପତ୍ନୀର ସ୍ୱାମୀ / ଏକ ସ୍ୱାମୀର ପତ୍ନୀ |
| Snare | 3:7; 6:9 | ଫାନ୍ଦ |
| Puffed up with conceit | 3:6; 6:4 | ଅହଂକାରରେ ଫୁଲିଯିବା |
| Godliness | 2:2,10; 3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3,5-6,11 | ଈଶ୍ୱରଭକ୍ତି |
| Sound/healthy teaching | 1:10; 6:3 | ସୁସ୍ଥ ଶିକ୍ଷା |
| Eternal life | 1:16; 4:8; 6:12,19 | ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ |
| Good fight/warfare metaphor | 1:18; 6:12 | ଉତ୍ତମ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ |
| Deacon (office) vs. servant (generic) | 3:8-13 (office) vs. 4:6 (generic) | ଡିକନ (office) / ସେବକ (generic) — context-sensitive, never interchanged |
| Elder (office) vs. elder (generic/age) | 3:1-7 (=ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ), 5:17,19 (office) vs. 5:1-2 (generic) | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ (office) / ବୟସ୍କ (generic) — context-sensitive |
D. Chapters Reviewed with No Additional New Terms
- Chapter 3 (verses 1-16): Fully treated as the core passage plus chapter remainder in
07_semantic_analysis.md; no terms outside those already listed.
All six chapters of 1 Timothy have been reviewed for load-bearing theological vocabulary; no chapter was silently omitted.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: never ଧର୍ମ. Right standing before God pursued by ‘the man of God’ (6:11). Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: paritrāṇa
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: never ମୋକ୍ଷ or ମୁକ୍ତି. Deliverance given by a personal God through Christ, not attained through darshan, pilgrimage, or ritual merit. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:15; 2:4; 4:10,16. Root for ପରିତ୍ରାଣକର୍ତ୍ତା (Savior, see Section B). Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: never ଠାକୁର. Occurs throughout (1:2,12,14; 6:3,14-15); also the second element of the Critical compound ରାଜାଧିରାଜ ଓ ପ୍ରଭୁମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁ (King of kings and Lord of lords, 6:15, Section B). Never used for the human δεσπότης ‘master’ in 6:1-2 — see master_human, Section B. Inherited from Romans package.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ଦେହଧାରଣ
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାର
CRITICAL: never ଅବତାର. Governs the Christ-hymn’s ‘manifested in the flesh’ (3:16); never assimilated to Nabakalebara imagery. Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ଯୀଶୁ
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଈସା
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: never ଈସା. Occurs throughout the letter. Inherited from Romans package.
God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର
Transliteration: Parameśwara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର, ଭଗବାନ
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: never ଠାକୁର or ଭଗବାନ. Named repeatedly as Savior and source of Paul’s commission (1:1-2; 2:3,5). Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: Pabitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ପରମାତ୍ମା
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
CRITICAL: never ପରମାତ୍ମା. Vindicates Christ (3:16) and warns of apostasy (4:1). Inherited from Romans package.
Father
Approved rendering: ପିତା
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Letter’s opening greeting (1:2). Inherited from Romans package.
Deacon
Approved rendering: ଡିକନ
Transliteration: ḍikana
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Rejected alternatives: ସେବକ
Original: διάκονος (office sense)
Category: Church Leadership
CRITICAL: never ସେବକ. 1 Timothy 3:8-13. ସେବକ is the established Odia term for the hereditary, caste-linked ritual-service functionaries (daitapati, pujapanda) of the Puri Jagannath temple, whose seba rights are inherited by birth-lineage, not granted by tested character (3:10). Transliterated to avoid this collision, mirroring the baseline’s own precedent of transliterating ମସୀହା (Messiah).
Mediator
Approved rendering: ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: ଗୁରୁ, ପାଣ୍ଡା, ପୁରୋହିତ
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
CRITICAL. 1 Timothy 2:5, ‘one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.’ Odisha’s dense landscape of religious intermediaries (temple priests, gurus) makes the doubled numeral εἷς…εἷς a Critical grammatical feature requiring explicit, unambiguous Odia exclusivity marking (ଏକମାତ୍ର, ‘one and only’), never left implicit.
Ransom
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ ମୂଲ୍ୟ
Transliteration: prāyaścitta mūlya
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: ମୁକ୍ତି ମୂଲ୍ୟ, ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ (alone)
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL. 1 Timothy 2:6. Never any ମୁକ୍ତି-root compound (moksha association, already forbidden for salvation). ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ alone names self-performed ritual expiation; the ମୂଲ୍ୟ qualifier supplies the vicarious, once-for-all, paid-by-another sense the bare noun lacks.
Savior
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ରାଣକର୍ତ୍ତା
Transliteration: paritrāṇakartā
Doctrine: Salvation and the Savior
Rejected alternatives: ମୁକ୍ତିଦାତା
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL. Agent-noun on the already-Critical ପରିତ୍ରାଣ root. Applied to God (1:1; 2:3; 4:10) and Christ. Never a term suggesting a moksha-granting guru or deity figure among many.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ
Transliteration: ananta jībana
Doctrine: Eternal Life
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL. 1:16; 4:8; 6:12,19. Must be sharply distinguished both from the endless cycle of transmigration and from any reincarnating-soul concept; a permanent, relational, personal life granted once through faith. Render identically at every occurrence.
King Of Kings
Approved rendering: ରାଜାଧିରାଜ ଓ ପ୍ରଭୁମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: rājādhirāja o prabhumānaṅka prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship and Kingship of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: Christology
CRITICAL. 1 Timothy 6:15. Uses ପ୍ରଭୁ per the baseline’s Critical Lordship convention, never ଠାକୁର. Odisha-specific risk: Jagannath is venerated with royal epithets and regarded regionally as Odisha’s true sovereign King, with the historic Gajapati kings ruling as his ‘Adya Sevaka’ (first servant); must communicate Christ’s unique, exclusive, cosmic sovereignty without reinforcing that existing royal-devotional title pattern.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: ସନ୍ତାନ ଜନ୍ମ ଦେଇ ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ରହିବ
Transliteration: santāna janma dei surakṣita rahiba
Doctrine: The ‘Saved through Childbearing’ Interpretive Crux
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Public Worship and Prayer
CRITICAL. 2:15. Deliberately avoids the fixed ପରିତ୍ରାଣ root to prevent an unqualified rendering from appearing to teach salvation-by-works through childbirth. MANDATORY translator’s note presenting the two leading interpretive options (preservation-through-childbirth vs. the Messianic seed reference) required at every occurrence; must never be left unqualified.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ସୁସମାଚାର
Transliteration: susamācāra
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ଖବର
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Established Odia Christian term (su- ‘good’ + samācāra ‘news’). Avoid the generic ଖବର. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:11. Inherited from Romans package.
Grace
Approved rendering: କୃପା
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: କର୍ମଫଳ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Unmerited favor apart from human merit; distinguished from the ritual-offering economy (seba, bhoga, pilgrimage merit) of Jagannath devotion. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2,14; 6:21. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ
Transliteration: biśwāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in Christ specifically; also the body of apostolic content believed (‘the faith,’ 4:1; 6:21). Never ଭକ୍ତି. Root for compound formula ବିଶ୍ୱାସନୀୟ ବାକ୍ୟ (trustworthy saying, see Section B). Inherited from Romans package.
Called
Approved rendering: ଆହୂତ
Transliteration: āhūta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରିତ
Context-sensitive participle form. Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: ଆହ୍ୱାନ
Transliteration: āhwāna
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Noun form; ‘the eternal life to which you were called’ (6:12) uses this root. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର
Transliteration: pabitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧ
Original: ἅγιος / ὅσιος
Category: Sanctification
Never ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (ritual purity). ‘Lifting up holy hands’ in prayer (2:8). Inherited from Romans package.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ରୀକରଣ
Transliteration: pabitrīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧିକରଣ
Original: ἁγιάζω / ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
God’s word and prayer setting apart food/creation for holy use (4:5); distinct from temple ritual food-purification protocols. Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: ମହିମା
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ତେଜ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Never ତେଜ. Ascribed to God (1:11,17) and Christ’s exaltation (3:16, ‘taken up in glory’). Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା
Transliteration: byabasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Never ଧର୍ମ. ‘The law is good, if one uses it lawfully’ (1:8), misused by would-be teachers of the law (1:7-9). Inherited from Romans package.
Sin
Approved rendering: ପାପ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ଅଧର୍ମ
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Paul names himself ‘the foremost’ of sinners saved by Christ (1:15); also 5:20,22,24. Inherited from Romans package.
Election
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Manonayana
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, ନିୟତି
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Applied to the ‘elect angels’ witnessing Timothy’s charge (5:21). Inherited from Romans package.
Overseer
Approved rendering: ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ / ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ପଦ
Transliteration: adhyakṣa / adhyakṣa pada
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Rejected alternatives: ଗୁରୁ, ପାଣ୍ଡା, ସେବାୟତ
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
1 Timothy 3:1-7. Must be kept distinct from Odisha’s hereditary, caste-restricted sevayat/daitapati/pandaa system controlling Puri temple service, offices passed by lineage, not tested by character. This is an aspired-to, character-qualified office (3:1).
Elder Generic
Approved rendering: ବୟସ୍କ
Transliteration: baẏaska
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος (generic)
Category: Church Leadership
5:1-2, generic ‘older person’ sense of the same Greek word (πρεσβύτερος) rendered ପ୍ରାଚୀନ for the office sense. Context-sensitivity flag: translators must track which sense is active at each occurrence, exactly as with ‘called’ (ଆହୂତ) in the Romans baseline.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ରହସ୍ୟ
Transliteration: rahasya
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Sound Doctrine
3:9 (‘the mystery of the faith’), 3:16 (‘the mystery of godliness’). Carries strong pre-existing associations with esoteric, guru-transmitted secret knowledge (guhya vidya) in tantric/Vedantic tradition. Must be understood as a truth now openly disclosed to all in the gospel, the opposite of an ongoing, initiation-gated secret. Mandatory translator’s note at first occurrence (3:9).
Godliness
Approved rendering: ଈଶ୍ୱରଭକ୍ତି
Transliteration: Īśwarabhakti
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମନିଷ୍ଠା
Original: εὐσέβεια / θεοσέβεια
Category: Godliness and Contentment
2:2,10; 3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3,5-6,11. DELIBERATE EXCEPTION to the baseline’s general avoidance of the ଭକ୍ତି root (rejected for ‘faith’): εὐσέβεια names devoted, pious living rather than exclusive trust, and no equally natural non-bhakti-root Odia alternative exists. Must be anchored in every occurrence as devotion flowing from faith already exercised in Christ specifically (per 1:5’s chain: faith → love → godliness), not a generic, transferable-to-any-deity devotional posture. This exception must be documented to all downstream reviewers to prevent ‘correction’ back to a non-bhakti term or unchecked drift toward generic piety.
Myths
Approved rendering: କାଳ୍ପନିକ କାହାଣୀ
Transliteration: kālpanika kāhāṇī
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ପୁରାଣ
Original: μῦθοι (καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι)
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:4 (‘myths and endless genealogies’); 4:7. ପୁରାଣ absolutely rejected — it names the entire revered Hindu sacred-narrative genre, including Jagannath’s own Daru Brahma/Indradyumna origin legends. This descriptive, non-genre-naming compound targets Paul’s specific referent (speculative, faith-diverting fabrication) without disparaging the revered genre as such.
Doctrines Of Demons
Approved rendering: ଦୁଷ୍ଟାତ୍ମାଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷା
Transliteration: duṣṭātmāṅka śikṣā
Doctrine: False Asceticism and the Goodness of Creation
Rejected alternatives: ଭୂତପ୍ରେତଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷା
Original: διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων
Category: Sound Doctrine
4:1. Must not collapse into Odisha’s folk-religious vocabulary of spirit-possession/village-spirit appeasement (ଭୂତପ୍ରେତଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷା rejected); Paul’s actual target is respectable-seeming ascetic legalism (forbidding marriage, mandating food rules, 4:3), not folk animism.
Training For Godliness
Approved rendering: ଅଭ୍ୟାସ
Transliteration: abhyāsa
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: γυμνασία (πρὸς εὐσέβειαν)
Category: Godliness and Contentment
4:7-8 (γυμνασία, ‘train yourself for godliness’). A major technical term in yogic/Bhagavad-Gita self-attained-discipline vocabulary (Gita 6.35). Must be understood as Spirit-empowered growth flowing from grace already received (4:4-5,6,10), not self-generated ascetic discipline.
False Knowledge
Approved rendering: ମିଥ୍ୟା ଜ୍ଞାନ
Transliteration: mithyā jñāna
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ଜ୍ଞାନ (alone)
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
6:20 (ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις, ‘knowledge falsely so-called’). ଜ୍ଞାନ alone activates jñāna-mārga, a recognized independent Hindu philosophical path to self-attained liberation; ମିଥ୍ୟା explicitly marks Paul’s target as counterfeit, distinguishing it from the saving knowledge revealed in the gospel (cf. 2:4).
Deposit
Approved rendering: ଗଚ୍ଛିତ ବିଷୟ
Transliteration: gacchita biṣaya
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ପରମ୍ପରା
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
6:20 (παραθήκη). ପରମ୍ପରା rejected — it names an evolving guru-lineage oral tradition, precisely the open, reinterpretable model 1 Timothy’s ‘guard the deposit’ language excludes. Always pair with a ‘guard/keep’ verb to reinforce the sacred-trust sense over the bare financial/banking sense.
Pillar And Foundation
Approved rendering: ସତ୍ୟର ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ଓ ଆଧାର
Transliteration: satyara stambha o ādhāra
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Church as Pillar of Truth
3:15 (στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας). Odisha-specific risk: the Puri Jagannath temple’s famous, individually named Aruna Stambha (Sun Pillar) stands before its main entrance. The genitive qualifier (‘of the truth’) and paired ଆଧାର shift the referent toward the abstract, corporate metaphor. Mandatory translator’s note at first occurrence.
Love
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରେମ
Transliteration: prema
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:5, stated goal of all sound instruction, flowing ‘from a pure heart, a good conscience, and a sincere faith.’ Odia ପ୍ରେମ is the central technical term of regional Gaudiya/Odia Vaishnav bhakti theology (prema-bhakti, the mystical Radha-Krishna divine love). Must be anchored as covenantal, others-directed, self-giving love, not ecstatic devotional-romantic prema.
Widow
Approved rendering: ବିଧବା
Transliteration: bidhabā
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
5:3-16. Given the historical cultural weight of widow stigma, dietary restriction, and marginalization in Indian tradition including parts of Odisha, the passage’s instruction to ‘honor’ widows must be translated with its full countercultural force intact, never softened toward mere pity.
True Widow
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରକୃତ ବିଧବା
Transliteration: prakṛta bidhabā
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ὄντως χήρα
Category: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
5:3-16 (ὄντως χήρα). The technical, bounded, enrollable church-support category, distinct from ‘widow’ generally (widows with family support, 5:4,8,16, do not qualify).
Enrolled
Approved rendering: ତାଲିକାଭୁକ୍ତ
Transliteration: tālikābhukta
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: καταλέγω
Category: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
5:9 (καταλέγω). Care must be taken that this is understood as voluntary enrollment in a spiritual ministry role, not confused with an administrative/caste-registry categorization familiar in the Indian context (voter rolls, ration cards).
Angels
Approved rendering: ସ୍ୱର୍ଗଦୂତ
Transliteration: swargadūta
Doctrine: Angels and Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: ଦେବତା
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
3:16; 5:21 (‘elect angels’). India’s popular cosmology of countless devas (celestial beings/minor deities) could reabsorb ‘angels’ into that category. Must remain created, non-worshiped servants of the one true God.
Slave
Approved rendering: ଦାସ
Transliteration: dāsa
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Slavery
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Household Ethics
6:1-2 (δοῦλος, literal first-century institutional slavery). ଦାସ is already a deeply positive, established devotional self-designation in Odia Vaishnav bhakti culture (Jagannath Das, Balaram Das); must not be flattened into that devotional metaphor here — 6:1-2 addresses literal social slavery, requiring context-tracking with any metaphorical ‘slave of Christ’ usage elsewhere.
Master Human
Approved rendering: ମୁନିବ / ମାଲିକ
Transliteration: muniba / mālika
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Slavery
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Household Ethics
6:1-2 (δεσπότης). Never ପ୍ରଭୁ, reserved exclusively for Christ’s Critical-tier divine Lordship, especially since the same letter applies ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ to Christ at 6:15.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: ଉତ୍ତମ ସ୍ୱୀକାରୋକ୍ତି
Transliteration: uttama swīkārokti
Doctrine: The Good Confession and the Good Fight of Faith
Original: καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Christology
6:12-13 (καλὴ ὁμολογία). Structural parallel to the baseline’s Critical ‘Jesus is Lord’ confession (Romans 10:9); route for the same theologian-review process.
Devil Personal
Approved rendering: ଶୟତାନ
Transliteration: śayatāna
Doctrine: Angels and Spiritual Warfare
Original: διάβολος (substantive)
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:6-7. Odisha’s rich folk vocabulary of malevolent spirits, curses, and the evil eye makes it essential that ଶୟତାନ retain the sense of one specific, personal spiritual adversary rather than merging into a generic ill-fortune category.
Exercise Authority
Approved rendering: ଅଧିକାର ଚଳାଇବା
Transliteration: adhikāra caḷāibā
Doctrine: Women’s Role in Worship and Teaching
Original: αὐθεντέω
Category: Public Worship and Prayer
2:12 (αὐθεντέω). A lexically disputed term in a doctrinally and pastorally sensitive passage, intersecting with Odisha’s strongly patriarchal joint-family social norms. Mandatory human theologian review; avoid over- or under-restrictive cultural gloss in either direction.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରେରିତ
Transliteration: prerita
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ଗୁରୁ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Never ଗୁରୁ. Paul’s commissioned, sent authority for the letter (1:1; 2:7). Inherited from Romans package.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ବିଦେଶୀ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Paul appointed ‘a herald and apostle’ among these (2:7). Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Never ମନ୍ଦିର or ଦେଉଳ (the latter names the Puri Jagannath temple specifically). ‘The household of God, … the church of the living God’ (3:5,15). Inherited from Romans package.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ଆତ୍ମିକ ଦାନ
Transliteration: ātmika dāna
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: ବର
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Timothy’s gift received through prophecy and laying on of hands (4:14). Inherited from Romans package.
Intercession
Approved rendering: ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Prayer offered for others, including kings and all in authority (2:1); root for the new Critical term ‘mediator’ (ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ) in Section B. Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: ଶାନ୍ତି
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ମନ ଶାନ୍ତି
Part of the grace-mercy-peace greeting triad (1:2). Inherited from Romans package.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଚୀନ
Transliteration: prācīna
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
5:17,19; interchangeable office with ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ. Distinguish from secular village-elder/panchayat authority based on age or caste seniority.
Minister Generic
Approved rendering: ସେବକ / ସେବା
Transliteration: sebaka / sebā
Doctrine: Christ-Centered Ministry
Original: διάκονος / διακονία (generic sense)
Category: Church Leadership
1 Timothy 4:6 only (‘a good servant of Christ Jesus’), NOT the technical office of 3:8-13. Acceptable ONLY in generic, non-office contexts; never interchanged with ଡିକନ. Context-sensitive with ‘deacon’ above.
Contentment
Approved rendering: ସନ୍ତୋଷ
Transliteration: santoṣa
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Godliness and Contentment
6:6-8. Distinguish from santosha as a self-achieved yogic/ascetic niyama (cultivated through vairagya/renunciation); Christian contentment rests in trust in God’s provision and character, contrasted with the love of money (6:9-10).
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: ସୁସ୍ଥ ଶିକ୍ଷା
Transliteration: susthaśikṣā
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ସଠିକ୍ ଶିକ୍ଷା
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:10; 6:3. Preserve the ‘healthy vs. diseased’ teaching metaphor; do not flatten to bare ‘correct vs. incorrect.‘
Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: ଭିନ୍ନ ଶିକ୍ଷା
Transliteration: bhinna śikṣā
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἑτεροδιδασκαλία
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:3; 6:3. Descriptive/neutral at first naming; the surrounding text, not the term itself, supplies the negative verdict.
Hope
Approved rendering: ଭରସା
Transliteration: bharasā
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: ଆଶା
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Christ as the One Mediator
1:1, Christ himself named ‘our hope’ — a person, not an abstract wish. Preferred over the more fatalistic-flavored ଆଶା.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ଦୟା
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Grace to Sinners
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Grace
1:2, part of the grace-mercy-peace greeting triad. Distinguish from a generalized human virtue of compassion (karuṇā) cultivated independently of God; this is God’s compassionate disposition flowing from grace.
Conscience
Approved rendering: ବିବେକ
Transliteration: bibeka
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2. Ensure ‘clear/good conscience’ is rendered consistently across all four occurrences.
Household Of Faith
Approved rendering: ନିଜ ପରିବାର / ପରିବାର-ଲୋକ
Transliteration: nija paribāra / paribāra-loka
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: οἰκεῖοι (τῆς πίστεως)
Category: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
5:8 (οἰκεῖοι). Resonates with, rather than confronts, existing Odia joint-family provision ethics; the passage affirms and theologically intensifies an existing cultural value.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: ଦ୍ୱିଗୁଣ ସମ୍ମାନ
Transliteration: dwiguṇa sammāna
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
5:17 (διπλῆ τιμή). Distinguish from a hereditary privilege or caste-based honor system; earned through diligent teaching/preaching labor.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: ହସ୍ତାର୍ପଣ
Transliteration: hastārpaṇa
Doctrine: Ordination and Spiritual Gifts
Original: ἐπίθεσις (τῶν) χειρῶν
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
4:14; 5:22. Must be distinguished from generic Hindu ritual blessing-by-touch (āśīrvāda); this is an act of commissioning to a tested office, not a magical transfer of power.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଚୀନମାନଙ୍କ ସଭା
Transliteration: prācīnamānaṅka sabhā
Doctrine: Ordination and Spiritual Gifts
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
4:14 (πρεσβυτέριον). Compound built on the elder_office term.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସନୀୟ ବାକ୍ୟ
Transliteration: biśwāsanīya bākya
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:15; 3:1; 4:9 (πιστὸς ὁ λόγος). Fixed formula built on the ବିଶ୍ୱାସ root; render identically at every occurrence.
One Woman Man
Approved rendering: ଏକ ପତ୍ନୀର ସ୍ୱାମୀ / ଏକ ସ୍ୱାମୀର ପତ୍ନୀ
Transliteration: eka patnīra swāmī / eka swāmīra patnī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:2, 3:12, and (reversed) 5:9. Render identically at all three occurrences. Distinct from the region’s historical toleration of polygamy among some royal/wealthy households; requires demonstrated single-hearted marital fidelity, not merely technical monogamy.
Slanderer
Approved rendering: ଅପବାଦକ
Transliteration: apabādaka
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: διάβολος (adjectival)
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:11 (διάβολος adjectival, ‘malicious speech’). Keep distinct from the personal-Satan sense above.
Puffed Up
Approved rendering: ଅହଂକାରରେ ଫୁଲିଯିବା
Transliteration: ahaṅkārare phuliyibā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: τυφόω
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:6; 6:4 (τυφόω). Keep identical at both occurrences.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ଜଣ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka jaṇa
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ପବିତ୍ର ଲୋକ
Original: ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
6:11. Individual honorific for Timothy; kept distinct from the plural corporate ‘saints’ (ପବିତ୍ର ଲୋକ) already fixed in the Romans baseline, to avoid confusing an individual honorific with the corporate designation of all believers.
Manage Household
Approved rendering: ପରିଚାଳନା କରିବା
Transliteration: paricāḷanā karibā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: προΐστημι
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:4-5,12; 5:17 (προΐστημι). Human, delegated sense; keep distinct from the divine ପରିଚାଳନା (providence) sense already fixed in the Romans baseline.
Testing Proving
Approved rendering: ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରାଯାଉ
Transliteration: parīkṣā karāyāu
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:10 (δοκιμάζω). Distinguish from ritual sign-based selection procedures (e.g., identifying temple functionaries); this is character examination by the church community.
Not Greedy
Approved rendering: ଧନଲୋଭୀ ନୁହେଁ
Transliteration: dhanalobhī nuhen
Doctrine: Love of Money and Greed
Original: ἀφιλάργυρος
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:3 (ἀφιλάργυρος). Cross-reference with φιλαργυρία (6:10, love_of_money); leadership must not be motivated by material gain.
Dignified
Approved rendering: ଗୌରବାନ୍ୱିତ
Transliteration: gauravānwita
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Deacons
Original: σεμνός
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:8; 3:11 (σεμνός). Consistent standard of gravity applied across deacons and their wives/women deacons.
Pure Chaste
Approved rendering: ନିର୍ମଳ
Transliteration: nirmala
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ἁγνός
Category: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
5:22 (ἁγνός). Kept distinct from ପବିତ୍ର (holy, reserved for the broader sanctification/holiness doctrine) while conveying moral, not ritual, purity.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: ଧନ ପ୍ରତି ଲୋଭ
Transliteration: dhana prati lobha
Doctrine: Love of Money and Greed
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Godliness and Contentment
6:10 (φιλαργυρία, ‘a root of all kinds of evils’). Odisha’s votive/offering-based religious economies (donations and vows made expecting material blessing) provide the real cultural backdrop against which this warning must land with full force.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ସ୍ତୁତି
Transliteration: dhanyabāda stuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Part of the fourfold corporate prayer vocabulary (2:1). Inherited from Romans package.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ସହଭାଗିତା
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ମିତ୍ରତା
Original: κοινωνικός
Category: Church
Generosity and shared participation urged upon the rich (6:18, κοινωνικός). Inherited from Romans package.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀ
Transliteration: bhabiṣyadbāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ଗଣନା
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Accompanies Timothy’s ordination (1:18; 4:14). Inherited from Romans package.
Snare
Approved rendering: ଫାନ୍ଦ
Transliteration: phānda
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: παγίς
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:7; 6:9 (παγίς). Keep identical at both occurrences.
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦୋଷ
Transliteration: nirdoṣa
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:2 (ἀνεπίλημπτος); 3:10 (ἀνέγκλητος). Keep consistent between both occurrences.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: ସଚେତ
Transliteration: sacet
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:2; 3:11 (νηφάλιος).
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: ସଂଯମୀ
Transliteration: saṃyamī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: σώφρων
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:2; 2:9,15 (σώφρων). Inner discipline flowing from a renewed mind, not externally imposed ascetic restraint.
Respectable
Approved rendering: ଶିଷ୍ଟ
Transliteration: śiṣṭa
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: κόσμιος
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:2 (κόσμιος).
Hospitable
Approved rendering: ଅତିଥିସେବୀ
Transliteration: atithisebī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:2 (φιλόξενος). The ସେବୀ root here is a positive, general-usage word for guest-hospitality, distinct from the technical, caste-linked seba of temple ritual service; no significant collision at this general-usage level.
Able To Teach
Approved rendering: ଶିକ୍ଷାଦାନରେ ସକ୍ଷମ
Transliteration: śikṣādānare sakṣama
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership: Overseers and Elders
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Qualifications for Church Leadership
3:2 (διδακτικός).
Referenced passages