Core Glossary
Core Glossary: James — English → Odia
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by the curriculum’s nine Bible Doctrines, followed by proper names and general-vocabulary terms. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there; no alternative may be substituted. New terms proposed here are candidates for addition to translation_memory.json in Phase 1 Step 8/9 processing and carry the same risk-tier enforcement rules defined in the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tiers (per baseline definitions): Critical = human theologian review every occurrence; High = human theologian review; Medium = native speaker review; Low = automated review sufficient.
1. Faith and Works
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις / pistis | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ | biśwāsa | High | 1, 2, 5 | [REUSED] From Romans baseline. Never ଭକ୍ତି. |
| works | ἔργα / erga | କର୍ମ | karma | High | 1, 2 | NEW. Must be distinguished from the Hindu doctrine of karma-phala (ritual/moral action generating merit across rebirth cycles) and from the seba (ritual temple-service) economy at Puri. James’s “works” are the Spirit-produced, evidentiary fruit of faith already granted, not merit-currency earning divine favor. Rejected: କର୍ମଫଳ (karma-phala — names precisely the doctrine to avoid). |
| dead (faith) | νεκρά / nekra | ମୃତ | mṛta | High | 2 | Must not be softened to “weak” or “incomplete faith.” |
| justification / justified | δικαιόω / dikaioō | ଧାର୍ମିକ ବୋଲି ଗଣା ହେବା (verb) | dhārmika boli gaṇā hebā | Critical | 2 | [REUSED noun-compound base] Verb-form extension of Romans baseline justification. MANDATORY theologian note at every occurrence in James 2:21, 2:24, 2:25 distinguishing James’s demonstrative/vindicating sense from Paul’s forensic/initial sense (Romans 3:28; 4:2-5). |
| imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην | ଆରୋପିତ ଧାର୍ମିକତା | āropita dhārmikatā | Critical | 2 (v.23) | [REUSED — EXACT MATCH] Genesis 15:6 citation, identical to Romans 4:3 usage. |
| worked together / cooperated | συνεργέω / synergeō | ସହଯୋଗ କରୁଥିଲା | sahayoga karuthilā | High | 2 | Faith and works cooperate; must not imply works add independent merit toward earning salvation. |
| made complete / perfected | τελειόω / teleioō | ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହେଲା | sampūrṇa helā | High | 2 | Never ସିଦ୍ଧ (siddha) — avoids conflation with the Hindu yogic “accomplished/perfected adept” concept (siddhi). |
| show / demonstrate | δείκνυμι / deiknymi | ଦେଖାଇବି | dekhāibi | High | 2 | Evidentiary, not merit-producing, sense required. |
| doer of the word | ποιητὴς λόγου / poiētēs logou | ବାକ୍ୟର ପାଳନକାରୀ | bākyara pāḷanakārī | High | 1 | Foundational statement of theme, paired with “hearer” (ଶ୍ରୋତା). |
| friend of God | φίλος θεοῦ / philos theou | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମିତ୍ର | Parameśwaraṅka mitra | High | 2 | Cross-references doctrine “Worldliness versus Friendship with God” (ch.4). |
2. Trials and the Testing of Faith
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trial / testing | πειρασμός / peirasmos | ପରୀକ୍ଷା | parīkṣā | High | 1 | Context-sensitive: external testing-circumstance sense (1:2-4, 1:12), distinct from the internal-enticement sense at 1:13-14 (see “temptation” below). |
| testing / proven genuineness | δοκίμιον / dokimion | ପରୀକ୍ଷାର ଫଳ | parīkṣāra phaḷa | Medium | 1 | The proving/refining process itself. |
| endurance / steadfastness | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | ସ୍ଥିରତା | sthiratā | Medium | 1, 5 | Active, hope-filled perseverance; distinguish from fatalistic resignation (cf. baseline providence note on ଭାଗ୍ୟ). |
| perfect / mature / complete | τέλειος / teleios | ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ | sampūrṇa | High | 1, 3 | Never ସିଦ୍ଧ (siddha) — see Faith and Works note above. |
| temptation / desire | πειράζω, ἐπιθυμία / peirazō, epithymia | ପ୍ରଲୋଭନ / କାମନା | pralobhana / kāmanā | High | 1 | Internal enticement toward sin; distinct sense from πειρασμός/trial above; “God tempts no one.” |
| double-minded | δίψυχος / dipsychos | ଦ୍ୱିମନା | dwimanā | Medium | 1 | Inward division opposed to single-hearted trust when asking God. |
| sin / death | ἁμαρτία, θάνατος / hamartia, thanatos | ପାପ / ମୃତ୍ୟୁ | pāpa / mṛtyu | High | 1 | ἁμαρτία [REUSED] from Romans baseline. |
3. Wisdom from Above
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wisdom | σοφία / sophia | ଜ୍ଞାନ | jñāna | High | 1, 3 | Must be qualified/anchored as God-given, practical wisdom, distinct from Vedantic jñāna-mārga (the “path of gnosis” — one of the three classical yogic paths to liberation), which denotes a self-attained, liberating metaphysical knowledge rather than Spirit-given ethical discernment. |
| wisdom from above | σοφία ἄνωθεν / sophia anōthen | ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ୱରୁ ଆସୁଥିବା ଜ୍ଞାନ | ūrdhwaru āsuthibā jñāna | High | 3 | Central doctrinal term; contrasted with earthly/demonic wisdom below. |
| earthly / natural (wisdom) | ψυχική / psychikē | ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ | prākṛtika | Medium | 3 | Soulish, unspiritual human wisdom. |
| demonic (wisdom) | δαιμονιώδης / daimoniōdēs | ଭୂତସୁଲଭ | bhūtasulabha | Medium | 3 | Wisdom energized by evil spiritual forces. |
| bitter jealousy / selfish ambition | ζῆλος πικρός, ἐριθεία | ତିକ୍ତ ଈର୍ଷା / ସ୍ୱାର୍ଥପରତା | tikta īrṣā / swārthaparatā | Low | 3 | Root of false wisdom. |
| pure, peaceable, gentle, open to reason, impartial, sincere | ἁγνή, εἰρηνική, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, ἀδιάκριτος, ἀνυπόκριτος | ଶୁଦ୍ଧ, ଶାନ୍ତିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ, ମୃଦୁ, ସହଜରେ ମାନିବା, ପକ୍ଷପାତରହିତ, କପଟରହିତ | śuddha, śāntipūrṇa, mṛdu, sahajare māniba, pakṣapātarahita, kapaṭarahita | Medium | 3 | Seven-fold ethical fruit of true wisdom (3:17). |
| fruit of righteousness | καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης | ଧାର୍ମିକତାର ଫଳ | dhārmikatāra phaḷa | Medium | 3 | δικαιοσύνη [REUSED] from Romans baseline. |
4. Favoritism and the Poor
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| favoritism / partiality | προσωπολημψία / prosōpolēmpsia | ପକ୍ଷପାତ | pakṣapāta | High | 2 | Judging worth by external wealth/status markers; structurally parallel to the Romans baseline’s caste-hierarchy-challenging doctrines. |
| poor / rich | πτωχός / πλούσιος | ଗରିବ / ଧନୀ | gariba / dhanī | High | 1, 2, 5 | Concrete social test case; resonates with, but goes further than, Puri’s Ananda Bazaar caste-crossing food tradition by removing economic-status distinction as well. |
| glory | δόξα / doxa | ମହିମା | mahimā | High | 2 | [REUSED] from Romans baseline. |
| heir / kingdom | κληρονόμος, βασιλεία | ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାରୀ / ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ | uttarādhikārī / Parameśwaraṅka Rājya | Medium | 2 | βασιλεία parallels [REUSED] kingdom_of_god pattern. |
| royal law | νόμος βασιλικός | ରାଜକୀୟ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା | rājakīya byabasthā | Medium | 2 | νόμος [REUSED — ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା]. |
| mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | ଦୟା | dayā | Medium | 2, 3, 5 | Distinct from grace (କୃପା — favor toward the guilty); mercy is compassion toward those in distress. |
| wages of the laborers | μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν | ମୂଲିଆଙ୍କ ମଜୁରି | mūliāṅka majuri | Medium | 5 | Social-justice indictment of the oppressive rich. |
5. Taming the Tongue
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tongue | γλῶσσα / glōssa | ଜିଭ | jibha | Medium (term) / High (doctrine) | 1, 3 | Term itself unambiguous; doctrinal weight (blessing/cursing power) is high. |
| bridle / tame | χαλιναγωγέω, δαμάζω | ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିବା / ଦମନ କରିବା | niyantraṇa karibā / damana karibā | Low | 1, 3 | |
| hell / Gehenna | γέεννα / geenna | ନର୍କ | naraka | High | 3 | Conventional Indian-Bible rendering retained, but REQUIRES a footnote distinguishing γέεννα’s final, once-for-all judgment from popular Hindu naraka’s temporary, purgatorial-within-rebirth-cycle sense. |
| bless / curse | εὐλογέω / καταράομαι | ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ କରିବା / ଅଭିଶାପ ଦେବା | āśīrbāda karibā / abhiśāpa debā | Low | 3 | |
| likeness of God | ὁμοίωσις θεοῦ | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟ | Parameśwaraṅka sādṛśya | Medium | 3 | Grounds the tongue’s ethical stakes — every person bears God’s likeness. |
6. Worldliness versus Friendship with God
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| world | κόσμος / kosmos | ଜଗତ | jagata | Critical | 1, 3, 4 | NEVER ସଂସାର (saṁsāra) — the central Hindu term for the cycle of worldly bondage/rebirth from which mokṣa/mukti liberates. Using saṁsāra would conflate James’s ethical dualism with Hindu liberation-from-rebirth cosmology and collide with the Romans baseline’s rejection of mokṣa/mukti for salvation. |
| friendship with the world / friendship with God | φιλία τοῦ κόσμου / φιλία θεοῦ | ଜଗତ ସହିତ ମିତ୍ରତା / ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସହିତ ମିତ୍ରତା | jagata sahita mitratā / Parameśwaraṅka sahita mitratā | Critical | 4 | Central doctrinal term; distinct from κοινωνία/fellowship (baseline ସହଭାଗିତା) — φιλία is an exclusive loyalty-bond framed as either/or. |
| adulteresses (figurative) | μοιχαλίδες / moichalides | ବ୍ୟଭିଚାରିଣୀ | byabhicāriṇī | High | 4 | Prophetic covenant-unfaithfulness metaphor; requires context note so it is not read as a literal, isolated accusation. |
| enmity with God | ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଶତ୍ରୁତା | Parameśwaraṅka sahita śatrutā | High | 4 | Necessary consequence of worldly friendship. |
| grace | χάρις / charis | କୃପା | kṛpā | High | 4 | [REUSED] from Romans baseline. |
| resist the devil | ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ | ଶୟତାନକୁ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କର | śayatānaku pratirodha kara | High | 4 | διάβολος must be distinguished from generic Odia folk-animist ଭୂତ (nature/ancestral spirits); signals one personal, chief spiritual adversary. |
| if the Lord wills | Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ | ଯଦି ପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କ ଇଚ୍ଛା ହୁଏ | jadi Prabhuṅka icchā hue | High | 4 | Cross-references baseline providence (ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା); must be distinguished from the fatalistic Odia idiom “ଭାଗ୍ୟରେ ଥିଲେ.” |
7. Prayer and Healing
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask wrongly | αἰτέω κακῶς | ଭୁଲ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ମାଗିବା | bhula uddeśyare māgibā | Medium | 4 | Negative counterpart of prayer-and-healing doctrine. |
| elders of the church | πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας | ମଣ୍ଡଳୀର ପ୍ରାଚୀନମାନେ | maṇḍaḷīra prācīnamāne | High | 5 | ἐκκλησία [REUSED — ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ]. Must be distinguished from hereditary, caste-linked temple-functionary offices (sevayat, pandaa) at Puri. |
| anointing with oil | ἀλείψαντες ἐλαίῳ | ତେଲ ଲଗାଇ | tela lagāi | High | 5 | Must be sharply distinguished from ritual anointing (abhisheka) of a deity’s image in Jagannath temple worship; here oil accompanies believing prayer, it does not consecrate an object. |
| prayer of faith | εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως | ବିଶ୍ୱାସର ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା | biśwāsara prārthanā | Medium | 5 | πίστις [REUSED — ବିଶ୍ୱାସ]. |
| will save / heal (the sick) | σῴζω / sōzō | ସୁସ୍ଥ କରିବେ | susattha karibe | High | 5 | σῴζω here in physical-healing sense, distinct from baseline salvation/ପରିତ୍ରାଣ (spiritual sense); requires a translator note on the Greek root’s dual range. |
| the Lord will raise him up | ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος | ପ୍ରଭୁ ତାହାଙ୍କୁ ଉଠାଇବେ | Prabhu tāhāṅku uṭhāibe | Medium | 5 | Raising from a sickbed; must not be confused with ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ (resurrection, Critical baseline term). |
| pray for one another | εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων | ପରସ୍ପର ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କର | paraspara pāiṅ prārthanā kara | Low | 5 | Cf. baseline intercession/ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା. |
| healed | ἰάομαι / iaomai | ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ପାଇବ | ārogya pāiba | Medium | 5 | |
| effective prayer of the righteous | δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη | ଧାର୍ମିକ ଲୋକର ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା ବଡ଼ ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ | dhārmika lokara prārthanā baḍa prabhābaśāḷī | Medium | 5 | δίκαιος root shared with baseline ଧାର୍ମିକତା. |
8. Patience and the Lord’s Return
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| be patient / patience | μακροθυμήσατε, μακροθυμία | ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ | dhairya | High | 5 | Distinct from ὑπομονή (endurance under pressure); patience with people/circumstances while awaiting God’s timing. |
| coming of the Lord | παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου | ପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କ ଆଗମନ | Prabhuṅka āgamana | High | 5 | Per baseline instruction, avoid Rath Yatra triumphal-procession imagery (a deity’s temporary journey and return, not an ongoing cosmic reign). |
| endurance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | ସ୍ଥିରତା | sthiratā | Medium | 1, 5 | Reused from ch.1 (see Trials doctrine above). |
| Lord of Hosts | Κύριος Σαβαώθ | ସୈନ୍ୟାଧିପତି ପ୍ରଭୁ | sainyādhipati prabhu | Medium | 5 | OT divine title; κύριος [REUSED — ପ୍ରଭୁ, Critical]. |
| very compassionate, merciful | πολύσπλαγχνος, οἰκτίρμων | ଅତି ଦୟାଳୁ / କରୁଣାମୟ | ati dayāḷu / karuṇāmaya | Low | 5 | God’s revealed character. |
| oath | ὅρκος / horkos | ଶପଥ | śapatha | Medium | 5 | Culturally relevant given informal oath-taking idioms in everyday Odia speech. |
9. Confession and Restoration
| English Term | Greek / Translit. | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| confess your trespasses | ἐξομολογεῖσθε … τὰ παραπτώματα | ପରସ୍ପର ନିକଟରେ ଆପଣା ଆପଣା ଅପରାଧ ସ୍ୱୀକାର କର | paraspara nikaṭare āpaṇā āpaṇā aparādha swīkāra kara | Critical | 5 | Must be distinguished from Hindu prāyaścitta (a prescribed ritual act of penance to burn off accumulated bad karma); James’s confession is mutual, relational, and grace-based, not a ritual technique erasing karmic debt. |
| wanders from the truth / turns back | πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέψῃ | ସତ୍ୟରୁ ବିପଥଗାମୀ ହେବା / ଫେରାଇ ଆଣିବା | satyaru bipathagāmī hebā / pherāi āṇibā | High | 5 | Restoration of a straying believer within community; not initial unconverted repentance nor ritual re-purification. |
| save a soul from death | σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου | ଆତ୍ମାକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁରୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବେ | ātmāku mṛtyuru rakṣā karibe | Critical | 5 | σῴζω here [cf. REUSED — ପରିତ୍ରାଣ] in spiritual sense; ψυχή (soul) must denote the whole person, not the transmigrating jīvātman of Hindu rebirth doctrine. |
| cover a multitude of sins | καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | ଅନେକ ପାପ ଆଚ୍ଛାଦନ କରିବ | aneka pāpa ācchādana karibā | High | 5 | ἁμαρτία [REUSED — ପାପ]; grace-based forgiveness, not merit-erasure through ritual penance. |
Reused Terms from Romans Baseline (Direct Carry-Over, No Change Permitted)
| Term | Odia | Risk | James Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| God (θεός) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱର | Critical | 1:1, 1:5, 1:13, 1:20, 1:27, 2:5, 2:19, 2:23, 4:4, 4:6-8, 5:4 |
| Lord (κύριος) | ପ୍ରଭୁ | Critical | 1:1, 1:7, 2:1, 4:10, 4:15, 5:4, 5:7-8, 5:10-11, 5:14-15 |
| faith (πίστις) | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ | High | throughout, esp. ch.1-2, 5 |
| grace (χάρις) | କୃପା | High | 4:6 |
| sin (ἁμαρτία) | ପାପ | High | 1:15, 2:9, 4:17, 5:15, 5:20 |
| law (νόμος) | ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା | High | 1:25, 2:8-12, 4:11 |
| righteousness (δικαιοσύνη) | ଧାର୍ମିକତା | Critical | 1:20, 2:23, 3:18 |
| justification (δικαιόω, noun base) | ଧାର୍ମିକ ବୋଲି ଗଣା ଯିବା | Critical | 2:21, 2:24, 2:25 (verb-form extension) |
| imputed righteousness | ଆରୋପିତ ଧାର୍ମିକତା | Critical | 2:23 |
| salvation / save (σωτηρία / σῴζω, spiritual sense) | ପରିତ୍ରାଣ | Critical | 1:21, 2:14, 4:12, 5:20 |
| glory (δόξα) | ମହିମା | High | 2:1 |
| church (ἐκκλησία) | ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ | Medium | 5:14 |
| peace (εἰρήνη) | ଶାନ୍ତି | Medium | 2:16, 3:18 |
| kingdom (βασιλεία) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ | Medium | 2:5 |
| intercession (concept) | ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା | Medium | 5:16 (conceptual) |
| providence (concept) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା | High | 4:15 (conceptual) |
Proper Names (Established Odia Bible Forms)
| English | Odia | Transliteration | Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|
| James | ଯାକୁବ | Yākuba | 1:1 |
| Abraham | ଅବ୍ରାହାମ | Abrāhāma | 2:21-23 |
| Isaac | ଇସ୍ହାକ | Ishāka | 2:21 |
| Rahab | ରାହବ | Rāhaba | 2:25 |
| Job | ଆୟୁବ | Āyuba | 5:11 |
| Elijah | ଏଲିୟ | Eliya | 5:17-18 |
Summary Risk Counts (James-Specific New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms Introduced |
|---|---|
| Critical | 6 (works-justification tension terms, kosmos, friendship with world/God, confess trespasses, save a soul from death) |
| High | 19 |
| Medium | 18 |
| Low | 12 |
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) and cross-checked against bible_term_registry.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions before Phase 2 translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର
Transliteration: Parameśwara
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର, ଭଗବାନ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ଠାକୁର (Jagannath’s everyday devotional name) or ଭଗବାନ (generic deity term). James 1:1, 1:5, 1:13, 1:20, 1:27, 2:5, 2:19, 2:23, 4:4, 4:6-8, 5:4.
Lord
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. James’s frequent, low-formality ‘the Lord’ references throughout ordinary pastoral instruction (1:1, 1:7, 2:1, 4:10, 4:15, 5:4, 5:7-8, 5:10-11, 5:14-15) make consistent avoidance of ଠାକୁର (Jagannath’s name) especially important across many casual-seeming contexts, not only formal confessions.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ଯୀଶୁ
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଈସା
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. James 1:1, 2:1 (‘our glorious Lord Jesus Christ’).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. James 1:20, 2:23 (Abraham’s imputed righteousness), 3:18 (‘fruit of righteousness’). Never ଧର୍ମ.
Justification
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକ ବୋଲି ଗଣା ଯିବା
Transliteration: dhārmika boli gaṇā jibā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: କ୍ଷମା ପାଇବା, ପୁଣ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଜନ କରିବା
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited noun-compound base from Romans package (Paul’s forensic sense, Romans 3:28; 4:2-5). See separate entry ‘justified_by_works’ for the James 2:21/24/25 verb-form extension of this same compound, which carries a distinct evidentiary sense requiring mandatory theologian annotation to avoid an apparent Bible-contradicts-itself reading.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଆରୋପିତ ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: āropita dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ନିଜ ଚେଷ୍ଟାରେ ଅର୍ଜିତ ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Original: ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package — EXACT MATCH. James 2:23 quotes Genesis 15:6 verbatim, identical to Romans 4:3’s citation. This is the forensic, faith-alone moment James’s whole argument in 2:14-26 presupposes and does not overturn; must be rendered identically to the Romans baseline occurrence.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: paritrāṇa
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω (spiritual sense)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. James 1:21 (‘able to save your souls’), 2:14, 4:12, 5:20 (‘save a soul from death’). Never ମୋକ୍ଷ/ମୁକ୍ତି. Must also be kept distinct within James itself from the separate physical-healing sense of σῴζω at 5:15 — see ‘heal_physical’ entry below.
Father
Approved rendering: ପିତା
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Goodness
Rejected alternatives: ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies James 1:17’s compound ‘Father of lights’ (see ‘father_of_lights’ entry) and 1:27’s ‘God the Father.’ Avoid the distant, abstract ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା.
Justified By Works
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକ ବୋଲି ଗଣା ହେଲେ / ହୁଏ
Transliteration: dhārmika boli gaṇā hele / hue
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ପୁଣ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଜନ କଲେ
NEW verb-form extension of the baseline justification noun-compound, used at James 2:21, 2:24, 2:25. James’s demonstrative/vindicating sense (‘shown righteous by fruit’) must never collapse into or contradict Paul’s forensic/initial sense in Romans 3:28; 4:2-5. MANDATORY human-theologian footnote required at every occurrence: ‘James answers what kind of faith saves (a fruitless, dead faith cannot); Paul answers on what basis a sinner is first declared righteous (faith alone, apart from works of the law).’ Never abbreviate to a single word.
World
Approved rendering: ଜଗତ
Transliteration: jagata
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: ସଂସାର
Original: κόσμος
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 1:27, 3:6, 4:4, κόσμος. NEVER ସଂସାର, the central Hindu term for the cycle of worldly bondage/rebirth from which mokṣa/mukti liberates — the single highest-probability ‘silent substitution’ risk in the whole curriculum, since ସଂସାର is more literarily natural to many Odia ears and a fluency-motivated ‘correction’ is a live ongoing risk, not just a first-draft one. Using it would conflate James’s ethical dualism with Hindu liberation-from-rebirth cosmology and collide with the Romans baseline’s own rejection of mokṣa/mukti for salvation.
Friendship With World And God
Approved rendering: ଜଗତ ସହିତ ମିତ୍ରତା / ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସହିତ ମିତ୍ରତା
Transliteration: jagata sahita mitratā / Parameśwaraṅka sahita mitratā
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: φιλία τοῦ κόσμου / φιλία θεοῦ
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 4:4, φιλία τοῦ κόσμου / φιλία θεοῦ. An exclusive, either/or loyalty-bond, distinct from κοινωνία/fellowship (baseline ସହଭାଗିତା). Must retain its stark either/or force and never be softened into permissible dual loyalty toward Christ and a prior devotional-social identity, however culturally embedded that identity is in Odia life.
Confess Trespasses
Approved rendering: ପରସ୍ପର ନିକଟରେ ଆପଣା ଆପଣା ଅପରାଧ ସ୍ୱୀକାର କର
Transliteration: paraspara nikaṭare āpaṇā āpaṇā aparādha swīkāra kara
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ କର
Original: ἐξομολογεῖσθε … τὰ παραπτώματα
Category: Confession and Restoration
NEW. James 5:16, ἐξομολογεῖσθε … τὰ παραπτώματα. Must be distinguished from the Hindu concept of prāyaścitta, a prescribed ritual act of penance performed to burn off accumulated bad karma — James’s confession is relational, grace-based, communal, and mutual among believers, not a ritual technique for erasing karmic debt, and not routed through a priest-only confessional hierarchy. Full clause required; never a single-word ‘confess.’ MANDATORY theologian note required at every occurrence naming this contrast explicitly.
Save Soul From Death
Approved rendering: ଆତ୍ମାକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁରୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବେ
Transliteration: ātmāku mṛtyuru rakṣā karibe
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Rejected alternatives: ଜୀବାତ୍ମାକୁ ମୁକ୍ତ କରିବେ
Original: σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου
Category: Confession and Restoration
NEW. James 5:20, σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου — σῴζω here in the spiritual sense (cf. inherited ପରିତ୍ରାଣ). ψυχή (soul/self) must denote the whole person rescued from spiritual death, not the transmigrating jīvātman of Hindu rebirth doctrine; avoid any expanded paraphrase introducing rebirth-adjacent vocabulary (e.g., ଜୀବାତ୍ମା) under any circumstance.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ
Transliteration: biśwāsa
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in God/Christ, never Odia Vaishnav devotional-surrender ଭକ୍ତି. Central to James 1, 2 (esp. 2:14-26), 5:15.
Grace
Approved rendering: କୃପା
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: କର୍ମଫଳ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. James 4:6, ‘God gives grace to the humble’ — contrasted with the ritual-offering economy (seba, bhoga) surrounding Jagannath devotion.
Sin
Approved rendering: ପାପ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Rejected alternatives: ଅଧର୍ମ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. James 1:15, 2:9, 4:17, 5:15, 5:20. Moral transgression before a personal God, not impersonal bad karma.
Law
Approved rendering: ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା
Transliteration: byabasthā
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Love
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. James 1:25 (‘perfect law of liberty’), 2:8-12 (‘royal law’), 4:11. Never ଧର୍ମ (caste-duty/seba-dharma connotations).
Glory
Approved rendering: ମହିମା
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: ତେଜ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. James 2:1, ‘our glorious Lord Jesus Christ’ — invoked precisely in the verse forbidding favoritism toward the wealthy.
Providence
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Paricāḷanā
Doctrine: Submission to God’s Sovereign Will
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, କର୍ମର ନିୟମ
Original: Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ (concept)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (concept). James 4:15’s ‘if the Lord wills’ submits all human planning to God’s personal, purposive governance, not fate (ଭାଗ୍ୟ) or impersonal karma.
Works
Approved rendering: କର୍ମ
Transliteration: karma
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: କର୍ମଫଳ
Original: ἔργα
Category: Faith and Works
NEW. James’s central, core-passage term (2:14-26). Must be distinguished from the Hindu karma-phala doctrine (ritual/moral action generating merit across rebirth cycles) and from the seba (ritual temple-service) economy at Puri. Structural rule: never let କର୍ମ stand unqualified in a doctrinally load-bearing sentence — always co-locate with a faith-governing clause (‘faith that produces କର୍ମ’), never a standalone ‘saved by/through କର୍ମ’ construction even in negation. Rejected କର୍ମଫଳ names precisely the doctrine James does not teach.
Dead Faith
Approved rendering: ମୃତ
Transliteration: mṛta
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ଦୁର୍ବଳ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ, ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ
Original: νεκρά (πίστις)
Category: Faith and Works
NEW. James 2:17, 2:26: faith without works is not weak faith but no living faith at all — a corpse, not an organism. Must never be softened to ‘weak’ or ‘incomplete,’ which would read as devotional gradation (weaker/stronger bhakti), a familiar but wrong category here.
Cooperated With Faith
Approved rendering: ସହଯୋଗ କରୁଥିଲା
Transliteration: sahayoga karuthilā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: συνεργέω
Category: Faith and Works
NEW. James 2:22, συνήργει: faith and works cooperate, they do not compete or independently earn merit. Must not be rendered so as to suggest works contribute independent merit toward earning divine favor, a risk heightened by the seba/bhoga ritual-offering economy.
Made Complete
Approved rendering: ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହେଲା
Transliteration: sampūrṇa helā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: ସିଦ୍ଧ ହେଲା
Original: τελειόω
Category: Faith and Works
NEW. James 2:22, τελειόω: works bring faith to its intended maturity, not flawless attainment. NEVER ସିଦ୍ଧ (siddha) — a spiritually ‘accomplished’ yogic adept who attains supernatural siddhi through disciplined practice, which would wrongly imply a self-attained accomplishment rather than the maturing of an already-God-given faith.
Demonstrate Faith
Approved rendering: ଦେଖାଇବି
Transliteration: dekhāibi
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: δείκνυμι
Category: Faith and Works
NEW. James 2:18, δείκνυμι: works function evidentially, making invisible faith visible. Must carry a strictly evidentiary sense (‘make visible/prove’), not drift toward ‘produce/earn,’ which would blur works-as-evidence vs. works-as-merit.
Doer Of The Word
Approved rendering: ବାକ୍ୟର ପାଳନକାରୀ
Transliteration: bākyara pāḷanakārī
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: ποιητὴς λόγου
Category: Faith and Works
NEW. James 1:22-25, ποιητὴς λόγου, paired with ‘hearer’ (ଶ୍ରୋତା). Foundational statement of the Faith and Works theme, preceding ch.2’s full doctrinal development.
Friend Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମିତ୍ର
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka mitra
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: φίλος θεοῦ
Category: Faith and Works
NEW. James 2:23, φίλος θεοῦ, Abraham’s status flowing from faith already credited. Cross-references ‘Worldliness versus Friendship with God’ (4:4) as its positive counterpart.
Demons
Approved rendering: ଭୂତପ୍ରେତ / ମନ୍ଦ ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: bhūtapreta / manda ātmā
Doctrine: Demons and Spiritual Beings
Rejected alternatives: ଭୂତ (unqualified)
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 2:19, 3:15 (δαιμονιώδης), δαιμόνια. Must be distinguished from generic Odia folk-animist ଭୂତ (placated ancestral/nature spirits); these are the personal, malevolent spiritual beings of NT cosmology under a single adversary’s dominion, same class as 4:7’s devil.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: ପରୀକ୍ଷା
Transliteration: parīkṣā
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Trials and Testing
NEW. James 1:2-4, 1:12, external testing-circumstance sense of πειρασμός (distinct from the internal-enticement sense at 1:13-14, see ‘temptation_desire’). Vulnerable to collapse into the fatalistic Odia idiom ଭାଗ୍ୟ (fate); sentences must retain an explicit divine agent/purpose clause and must not be trimmed for economy.
Perfect Mature
Approved rendering: ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ
Transliteration: sampūrṇa
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ସିଦ୍ଧ
Original: τέλειος
Category: Trials and Testing
NEW. James 1:4 (endurance’s full effect), 1:17 (God’s perfect gifts), 1:25 (perfect law), τέλειος. NEVER ସିଦ୍ଧ (siddha) — same yogic-adept collision as ‘made_complete.‘
Temptation Desire
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଲୋଭନ / କାମନା
Transliteration: pralobhana / kāmanā
Doctrine: Temptation and the Origin of Sin
Original: πειράζω / ἐπιθυμία
Category: Trials and Testing
NEW. James 1:13-15, πειράζω/ἐπιθυμία — internal enticement toward sin. The desire→sin→death causal chain must remain personal moral causation (‘God tempts no one’), not diffused into an impersonal karmic mechanism.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: ଜ୍ଞାନ
Transliteration: jñāna
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
NEW. James 1:5, σοφία. The single largest missing-vocabulary problem in the curriculum: Odia has no word for ‘wisdom’ outside the jñāna family, pre-loaded with Vedantic jñāna-mārga (self-attained liberating metaphysical knowledge, one of the three classical paths to mokṣa). Structural fence required: never let ଜ୍ଞାନ stand alone in a doctrinally central sentence — always attach the ‘from above/God-given’ qualifier (see ‘wisdom_from_above’).
Wisdom From Above
Approved rendering: ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ୱରୁ ଆସୁଥିବା ଜ୍ଞାନ
Transliteration: ūrdhwaru āsuthibā jñāna
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: σοφία ἄνωθεν
Category: Wisdom
NEW. James 3:17, σοφία ἄνωθεν. Central doctrinal compound; contrasted with earthly/demonic wisdom (3:15). Must retain the vertical-origin contrast (from above vs. from below) every time it occurs, not abbreviate after first mention, since the contrast itself is the fence against jñāna-mārga conflation.
Favoritism
Approved rendering: ପକ୍ଷପାତ
Transliteration: pakṣapāta
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
NEW. James 2:1, 2:9, προσωπολημψία. Structurally parallel to the Romans baseline’s caste-hierarchy-challenging doctrines, applied here to economic/social-status distinctions within the gathered assembly.
Poor Rich
Approved rendering: ଗରିବ / ଧନୀ
Transliteration: gariba / dhanī
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πτωχός / πλούσιος
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
NEW. James 1:9-11, 2:2-6, 5:1-6, πτωχός/πλούσιος. Resonates with, but goes further than, Puri’s Ananda Bazaar caste-crossing mahaprasad tradition, which does not remove economic-status distinction the way James does; curriculum illustrations using Ananda Bazaar must name both the convergence and the point where James goes further.
Hell Gehenna
Approved rendering: ନର୍କ
Transliteration: naraka
Doctrine: Hell and Final Judgment (Gehenna)
Original: γέεννα
Category: Taming the Tongue
NEW, conventional Indian-Bible rendering retained. James 3:6, γέεννα. REQUIRES a mandatory clarifying footnote: popular Odia Hindu naraka is typically a temporary purgatorial realm within an ongoing rebirth cycle, whereas γέεννα names a place of final, unrepeated judgment. Structurally the same false-friend risk pattern as ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ vs. ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ in the Romans baseline.
Adulteresses Figurative
Approved rendering: ବ୍ୟଭିଚାରିଣୀ
Transliteration: byabhicāriṇī
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: μοιχαλίδες
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 4:4, μοιχαλίδες — a prophetic, Hosea-style marriage metaphor for covenant unfaithfulness, not a literal accusation. Requires a context note so it is not read as an isolated moral charge against the hearers.
Enmity With God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଶତ୍ରୁତା
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka sahita śatrutā
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 4:4, ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ — the necessary consequence of choosing worldly friendship; must retain the stark either/or force, not a matter of degree.
Resist The Devil
Approved rendering: ଶୟତାନକୁ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କର
Transliteration: śayatānaku pratirodha kara
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: Resisting the Devil
Original: ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 4:7, ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ. ଶୟତାନ (transliteration, already an established loanword in Odia Christian usage) must be distinguished from generic folk-animist ଭୂତ; signals one personal, chief spiritual adversary actively resisted through submission to God.
If The Lord Wills
Approved rendering: ଯଦି ପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କ ଇଚ୍ଛା ହୁଏ
Transliteration: jadi Prabhuṅka icchā hue
Doctrine: Submission to God’s Sovereign Will
Original: Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 4:15, Ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ. Cross-references baseline providence/ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା; must be distinguished from the fatalistic Odia idiom ‘ଭାଗ୍ୟରେ ଥିଲେ’ (if it is in one’s fate) — this is conscious submission to a personal Lord’s purposive will, not resignation to impersonal destiny.
Unstained From The World
Approved rendering: ଜଗତର କଳାଙ୍କରହିତ
Transliteration: jagatara kaḷāṅkarahita
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Original: ἄσπιλον … ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Worldliness
NEW. James 1:27, ἄσπιλον … ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου. κόσμος here must render as ଜଗତ, never ସଂସାର, for the same reasons documented under ‘world.‘
Elders Of The Church
Approved rendering: ମଣ୍ଡଳୀର ପ୍ରାଚୀନମାନେ
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷīra prācīnamāne
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW compound on the inherited ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ. James 5:14, πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας. Must be distinguished from hereditary, caste-linked temple-functionary offices (sevayat, pandaa) at Puri — church eldership is a recognized pastoral-care office, not an inherited ritual-service role.
Anointing With Oil
Approved rendering: ତେଲ ଲଗାଇ
Transliteration: tela lagāi
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἀλείψαντες ἐλαίῳ
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW. James 5:14, ἀλείψαντες ἐλαίῳ. Must be sharply distinguished from ritual anointing (abhisheka) of a deity’s image, a prominent daily feature of Jagannath temple worship. Syntax requirement: render as an action accompanying prayer (‘ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରି ତାହା ଉପରେ ତେଲ ଲଗାଇବେ’) with prayer as the grammatical main action and oil-application as a subordinate clause — never an independent verb governing the healing outcome, which would read as consecratory.
Heal Physical
Approved rendering: ସୁସ୍ଥ କରିବେ
Transliteration: susattha karibe
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: σῴζω (physical sense)
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW. James 5:15, σῴζω in its physical-restoration sense — distinct Greek-root sense from the baseline’s spiritual ପରିତ୍ରାଣ used elsewhere in James (1:21, 4:12, 5:20). A physical-health-specific verb, never ପରିତ୍ରାଣ-family vocabulary. MANDATORY translator’s note required at every occurrence clarifying the Greek root’s dual range, so the physical-healing sense is neither mistaken for, nor dilutes, the doctrine of eternal salvation.
Patience
Approved rendering: ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ
Transliteration: dhairya
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: μακροθυμία / μακροθυμήσατε
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
NEW. James 5:7-8, 5:10, μακροθυμία. Distinct from ὑπομονή/ସ୍ଥିରତା (steadfast endurance under pressure), though closely related; patience here is specifically oriented toward waiting on God’s timing for the Lord’s coming (farmer awaiting harvest, 5:7).
Coming Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କ ଆଗମନ
Transliteration: Prabhuṅka āgamana
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
NEW. James 5:7-8, παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου. Per the Romans baseline instruction, avoid triumphal-procession imagery drawn from Rath Yatra (Jagannath’s annual chariot festival, a deity’s temporary journey and cyclical return); the Lord’s coming here is a singular, ongoing cosmic reign inaugurated once, not a repeatable festival cycle.
Wander And Turn Back
Approved rendering: ସତ୍ୟରୁ ବିପଥଗାମୀ ହେବା / ଫେରାଇ ଆଣିବା
Transliteration: satyaru bipathagāmī hebā / pherāi āṇibā
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέψῃ
Category: Confession and Restoration
NEW. James 5:19-20, πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέψῃ — restoration of a straying believer already within the community, not the initial ‘turning’ of unconverted repentance nor a ritual re-purification rite.
Cover Multitude Of Sins
Approved rendering: ଅନେକ ପାପ ଆଚ୍ଛାଦନ କରିବ
Transliteration: aneka pāpa ācchādana karibā
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Confession and Restoration
NEW compound on the inherited ପାପ. James 5:20, καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν — grace-based forgiveness, not merit-erasure through ritual penance (cf. ‘confess_trespasses’ prāyaścitta contrast).
Pure Religion
Approved rendering: ଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଧର୍ମ
Transliteration: śuddha dharma
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ (unqualified)
Original: θρησκεία
Category: Ethics
NEW. James 1:26-27, θρησκεία. Used advisedly, ALWAYS qualified with ଶୁଦ୍ଧ; an unqualified ଧର୍ମ risks the caste-duty and temple-ritual-observance connotations already flagged for νόμος in the Romans baseline — precisely the merely-outward religiosity James is redefining toward ethical care for orphans and widows.
Word Of Truth Implanted Word
Approved rendering: ସତ୍ୟର ବାକ୍ୟ / ରୋପିତ ବାକ୍ୟ
Transliteration: satyara bākya / ropita bākya
Doctrine: The Word of God: Implanted, Saving Word
Original: λόγος ἀληθείας / ἔμφυτος λόγος
Category: Ethics
NEW. James 1:18, 1:21, λόγος ἀληθείας / ἔμφυτος λόγος. This is God’s own generative, saving word, distinct from the Panchasakha poet-saints’ Odia Bhagavata and similar devotional literature revered as inspired vernacular wisdom in village bhagavata tungi halls — not devotional literary wisdom alongside Scripture, but God’s own saving speech able to save the soul (1:21).
Perfect Law Of Liberty
Approved rendering: ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତାର ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା
Transliteration: swādhīnatāra sampūrṇa byabasthā
Doctrine: The Word of God: Implanted, Saving Word
Original: νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας
Category: Ethics
NEW compound on the inherited ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା. James 1:25, 2:12, νόμος (τέλειος) τῆς ἐλευθερίας — the moral law fulfilled and internalized in Christ, bringing freedom rather than bondage; distinct from any caste-duty/seba-dharma reading of law as burdensome external obligation.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. James 5:14, ‘the elders of the church.’ Never ମନ୍ଦିର or ଦେଉଳ (the Puri Jagannath temple’s own name).
Peace
Approved rendering: ଶାନ୍ତି
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: ମନ ଶାନ୍ତି
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. James 2:16 (an empty conventional farewell, ironically contrasted with withheld material help) and 3:18 (the peaceable fruit of wisdom from above).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Rājya
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: βασιλεία (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. James 2:5, ‘heirs of the kingdom’ God has promised to those who love him.
Intercession
Approved rendering: ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (concept). James 5:16’s mutual prayer for one another is conceptually related, though the verb used there (εὔχεσθε) is the more general ‘pray’ — see ‘pray_for_one_another’ entry.
Testing Genuineness
Approved rendering: ପରୀକ୍ଷାର ଫଳ
Transliteration: parīkṣāra phaḷa
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Trials and Testing
NEW. James 1:3, δοκίμιον — the proving/refining process itself, purposive rather than punitive or random.
Endurance
Approved rendering: ସ୍ଥିରତା
Transliteration: sthiratā
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Trials and Testing
NEW. James 1:3-4, 5:11 (Job), ὑπομονή. Active, hope-filled perseverance, distinct from passive fatalistic resignation (cf. baseline providence note on ଭାଗ୍ୟ).
Double Minded
Approved rendering: ଦ୍ୱିମନା
Transliteration: dwimanā
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δίψυχος
Category: Trials and Testing
NEW. James 1:8, 4:8, δίψυχος — inward division opposed to single-hearted trust when asking God for wisdom.
Earthly Wisdom
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ
Transliteration: prākṛtika
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: ψυχική
Category: Wisdom
NEW. James 3:15, ψυχική — soulish, unspiritual human wisdom, one of two false alternatives to wisdom from above.
Demonic Wisdom
Approved rendering: ଭୂତସୁଲଭ
Transliteration: bhūtasulabha
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: δαιμονιώδης
Category: Wisdom
NEW. James 3:15, δαιμονιώδης — wisdom energized by evil spiritual forces; connects to δαιμόνια at 2:19 as the same class of personal evil spiritual beings.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକତାର ଫଳ
Transliteration: dhārmikatāra phaḷa
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Wisdom
NEW compound built on the inherited δικαιοσύνη/ଧାର୍ମିକତା. James 3:18, καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης — the good outcome righteous, peace-making living yields.
Heir Kingdom
Approved rendering: ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାରୀ
Transliteration: uttarādhikārī
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: κληρονόμος (τῆς βασιλείας)
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
NEW. James 2:5, κληρονόμος (τῆς βασιλείας) — the poor as heirs of the promised kingdom, paired with the inherited kingdom_of_god term.
Royal Law
Approved rendering: ରାଜକୀୟ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା
Transliteration: rājakīya byabasthā
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Love
Original: νόμος βασιλικός
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
NEW compound on the inherited ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା. James 2:8, νόμος βασιλικός — the supreme, King-given law of neighbor-love.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ଦୟା
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
NEW. James 2:13, 3:17, 5:11, ἔλεος. Compassion toward those in distress; distinct from grace (favor toward the guilty, କୃପା).
Wages Of Laborers
Approved rendering: ମୂଲିଆଙ୍କ ମଜୁରି
Transliteration: mūliāṅka majuri
Doctrine: Economic Judgment on Oppressive Wealth
Original: μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν
Category: Favoritism and the Poor
NEW. James 5:4, μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν — wages withheld by the oppressive rich, crying out to the Lord of Hosts; must retain full social-justice force, not soften into generic caution about greed.
Tongue
Approved rendering: ଜିଭ
Transliteration: jibha
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Taming the Tongue
NEW. James 1:26, 3:5-10, γλῶσσα. Lexically unambiguous; doctrinal weight of blessing/cursing power is High.
Likeness Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka sādṛśya
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: ὁμοίωσις θεοῦ
Category: Taming the Tongue
NEW. James 3:9, ὁμοίωσις θεοῦ — every person, regardless of status, bears God’s likeness, grounding the tongue’s ethical stakes and reinforcing the favoritism doctrine’s status-blindness.
Ask Wrongly
Approved rendering: ଭୁଲ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ମାଗିବା
Transliteration: bhula uddeśyare māgibā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: αἰτέω κακῶς
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW. James 4:3, αἰτέω κακῶς — praying with wrong, self-indulgent motive; the negative counterpart of the prayer-and-healing doctrine, developed positively in ch.5.
Prayer Of Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସର ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା
Transliteration: biśwāsara prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW compound on the inherited ବିଶ୍ୱାସ. James 5:15, εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως.
Lord Will Raise Up
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁ ତାହାଙ୍କୁ ଉଠାଇବେ
Transliteration: Prabhu tāhāṅku uṭhāibe
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW. James 5:15, ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος — restoration from a sickbed. Must not be confused with ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ (resurrection), the baseline’s Critical one-time bodily-resurrection term.
Healed
Approved rendering: ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ପାଇବ
Transliteration: ārogya pāiba
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἰάομαι
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW. James 5:16, ἰάομαι — the physical (and relationally reinforced) healing outcome of confession-plus-prayer; a distinct Greek verb from σῴζω though an overlapping sense.
Effective Prayer Of Righteous
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକ ଲୋକର ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା ବଡ଼ ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ
Transliteration: dhārmika lokara prārthanā baḍa prabhābaśāḷī
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW compound built on the inherited ଧାର୍ମିକତା root. James 5:16, δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη.
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: ସୈନ୍ୟାଧିପତି ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: sainyādhipati prabhu
Doctrine: Economic Judgment on Oppressive Wealth
Original: Κύριος Σαβαώθ
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
NEW compound on the inherited ପ୍ରଭୁ. James 5:4, Κύριος Σαβαώθ — God as the ultimate vindicator of the oppressed.
Oath
Approved rendering: ଶପଥ
Transliteration: śapatha
Doctrine: Truthful Speech and Oaths
Original: ὅρκος / ὀμνύω
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
NEW. James 5:12, ὅρκος/ὀμνύω. Culturally relevant given frequent informal oath-taking idioms in everyday Odia speech; must not be reduced to a mere etiquette preference.
Father Of Lights
Approved rendering: ଜ୍ୟୋତିର୍ମାନଙ୍କର ପିତା
Transliteration: jyotirmānaṅkara pitā
Doctrine: God’s Unchanging Goodness
Original: πατὴρ τῶν φώτων
Category: God
NEW compound on the inherited ପିତା. James 1:17, πατὴρ τῶν φώτων — God’s unchanging goodness, ‘no variation or shadow of turning,’ imaged as heavenly light; distinct from generic divine-light devotional imagery.
Low Risk Terms
Bridle Tame
Approved rendering: ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିବା / ଦମନ କରିବା
Transliteration: niyantraṇa karibā / damana karibā
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: χαλιναγωγέω / δαμάζω
Category: Taming the Tongue
NEW. James 1:26, 3:2-3, 3:7-8, χαλιναγωγέω/δαμάζω. Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity.
Bless Curse
Approved rendering: ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ କରିବା / ଅଭିଶାପ ଦେବା
Transliteration: āśīrbāda karibā / abhiśāpa debā
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: εὐλογέω / καταράομαι
Category: Taming the Tongue
NEW. James 3:9-10, εὐλογέω/καταράομαι. Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity.
Pray For One Another
Approved rendering: ପରସ୍ପର ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କର
Transliteration: paraspara pāiṅ prārthanā kara
Doctrine: Brotherly Address and Mutual Prayer
Original: εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων
Category: Prayer and Healing
NEW. James 5:16, εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων. Standard vocabulary; cf. inherited intercession/ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା concept.
Compassionate Merciful
Approved rendering: ଅତି ଦୟାଳୁ / କରୁଣାମୟ
Transliteration: ati dayāḷu / karuṇāmaya
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: πολύσπλαγχνος / οἰκτίρμων
Category: Patience and the Lord’s Return
NEW. James 5:11, πολύσπλαγχνος/οἰκτίρμων — God’s character revealed through Job’s outcome.
James
Approved rendering: ଯାକୁବ
Transliteration: Yākuba
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name. Established Odia Bible form for the book’s author, James 1:1.
Abraham
Approved rendering: ଅବ୍ରାହାମ
Transliteration: Abrāhāma
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name (not present in Romans baseline TM, though referenced in Romans 4). Established Odia Bible form. James 2:21-23.
Isaac
Approved rendering: ଇସ୍ହାକ
Transliteration: Ishāka
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name. Established Odia Bible form. James 2:21.
Rahab
Approved rendering: ରାହବ
Transliteration: Rāhaba
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name. Established Odia Bible form. James 2:25, ‘Rahab the prostitute’ — a deliberately contrasting example (Gentile, female, morally disreputable) alongside Abraham.
Job
Approved rendering: ଆୟୁବ
Transliteration: Āyuba
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name. Established Odia Bible form. James 5:11, the example of endurance.
Elijah
Approved rendering: ଏଲିୟ
Transliteration: Eliya
Doctrine: Proper Names
NEW proper name. Established Odia Bible form. James 5:17-18, the example of effective prayer.
Referenced passages