Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Matthew 1–28 (English → Odia)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked [baseline] carry an established rendering that MUST be reused exactly; no alternative may be substituted. Terms marked [new] are introduced or substantially re-weighted by Matthew and require the Phase 1 risk conventions (Critical/High/Medium/Low) applied for the first time in this curriculum. All renderings are in Odia script per the destination script requirement.
Part 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in Matthew
| Term | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Category | Key Matthew Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱର | Parameśwara | Critical | God | throughout | Never ଠାକୁର/ଭଗବାନ. |
| Jesus | ଯୀଶୁ | Yīśu | Critical | Christology | throughout | Never ଈସା. |
| Lord | ପ୍ରଭୁ | Prabhu | Critical | Christology | 7:21-22; 8:2,25; 24:42 | Never ଠାକୁର. |
| Son of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର | Parameśwaraṅka Putra | Critical | Christology | 3:17; 4:3,6; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 26:63; 27:40,43,54 | Reserve strictly for Christ; see new term “sons of God (general)” for the believer-plural sense. |
| Holy Spirit | ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା | Pabitra Ātmā | Critical | God | 1:18,20; 3:11,16; 12:28,31-32; 28:19 | Never ପରମାତ୍ମା. |
| Father | ପିତା | Pitā | Critical | God | 5:16,45,48; 6:9; 7:11; 11:27; 28:19 | Never ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା. |
| Resurrection | ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ | Punarutthāna | Critical | Eschatology | 22:23-33; 27:53; 28:1-10 | Never ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ. |
| Messiah / Christ | ମସୀହା / ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ | Masīhā / Khrīṣṭa | Critical | Christology | 1:1,16-18; 16:16,20; 26:63 | Never “one of several avatars.” |
| Incarnation (doctrinal category) | ଦେହଧାରଣ | dehadhāraṇa | Critical | Christology | 1:18-23 | Never ଅବତାର; never assimilated to Nabakalebara. |
| Righteousness | ଧାର୍ମିକତା | dhārmikatā | Critical | Salvation/Ethics | 5:6,10,20; 6:1,33; 21:32 | Never ଧର୍ମ. Matthew adds an ethical-practice sense alongside Romans’ forensic sense — see Part A note at Matt 5:6. |
| Salvation / save | ପରିତ୍ରାଣ | paritrāṇa | Critical | Salvation | 1:21; 8:25; 9:21-22; 16:25; 19:25; 24:13,22 | Never ମୋକ୍ଷ/ମୁକ୍ତି. |
| Law | ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା | byabasthā | High | Covenant | 5:17-18; 7:12; 22:36,40; 23:23 | Never ଧର୍ମ. |
| Sin | ପାପ | pāpa | High | Sin | 1:21; 3:6; 6:14-15; 9:2-6; 26:28 | — |
| Church | ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ | maṇḍaḷī | Medium | Church | 16:18; 18:17 | Never ମନ୍ଦିର/ଦେଉଳ. |
| Kingdom of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ | Parameśwaraṅka Rājya | Critical | Kingdom | 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43 | Also the required rendering for Matthew’s own “kingdom of heaven” — see Part 2 below. |
| Faith / believe | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ | biśwāsa | High | Faith | 8:10; 9:2,22,29; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21-22 | Never ଭକ୍ତି. |
| Grace | କୃପା | kṛpā | High | Salvation | 20:1-16 (implicit, laborers parable) | Contrast against seba/bhoga merit economy applies. |
| Apostle | ପ୍ରେରିତ | prerita | Medium | Church | 10:2 | Never ଗୁରୁ. |
| Called / calling / election | ଆହୂତ / ଆହ୍ୱାନ / ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ | āhūta / āhwāna / Manonayana | High | Divine Calling | 22:14 | Never ଭାଗ୍ୟ/ନିୟତି. |
| Peace | ଶାନ୍ତି | śānti | Medium | Salvation | 5:9; 10:13,34 | — |
| Glory | ମହିମା | mahimā | High | God | 6:13 (some mss); 16:27; 24:30; 25:31 | Never ତେଜ. |
| Power of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ | Parameśwaraṅka Sāmarthya | High | God | 22:29; 26:64 | Never ଶକ୍ତି. |
| Prophet / prophecy | ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା / ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀ | bhabiṣyadbaktā / bhabiṣyadbāṇī | Low | Covenant | 1:22-23; 2:5,15,17,23; 4:14; 5:12,17; 12:39; 13:14,35; 21:4; 26:56; 27:9 | Matthew’s ten “fulfillment formula” citations are the book’s densest use. |
| Covenant | ନିୟମ | niyama | High | Covenant | 26:28 (“blood of the covenant”) | Never ଚୁକ୍ତି. |
| David | ଦାଉଦ | Dāuda | Medium | Covenant | 1:1,6,17,20; 9:27; 12:3,23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45 | See “Son of David,” Part 2. |
| Israel | ଇସ୍ରାଏଲ | Isrāela | Medium | Covenant | 2:6,20-21; 8:10; 10:6,23; 15:24; 19:28 | — |
| Gentiles | ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି | anyajāti | Medium | Church | 4:15; 10:5,18; 12:18,21; 20:19 | Narrower than 28:19’s “all nations” — see Part 2. |
| Providence | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା | Parameśwaraṅka Paricāḷanā | High | God | 6:25-34; 10:29-31 | Never ଭାଗ୍ୟ/କର୍ମର ନିୟମ. |
| Mission | ମିଶନ / ସୁସମାଚାର ପ୍ରଚାର | miśana / susamācāra pracāra | Medium | Church | 10:5-15; 28:19-20 | — |
| Gospel | ସୁସମାଚାର | susamācāra | High | Salvation | 4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13 | Never ଖବର. |
| Thanksgiving | ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ସ୍ତୁତି | dhanyabāda stuti | Low | Faith | 15:36; 26:27 | — |
| Fellowship | ସହଭାଗିତା | sahabhāgitā | Low | Church | 9:10-11 (table fellowship, implicit) | — |
| Intercession | ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା | madhyasthatā | Medium | Faith | 6:9-13 (Lord’s Prayer, implicit) | — |
| Adoption (doctrinal category) | ପୋଷ୍ୟ ପୁତ୍ରତ୍ୱ | poṣya putratva | High | Salvation | 5:9,45 (sonship logic, implicit) | See new term “sons of God (general),” Part 2. |
Part 2 — New Terms Introduced or Re-Weighted by Matthew
| Term | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Category | Key Passages | Odisha-Specific Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Heaven | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ (reuse baseline “kingdom of God”) | Parameśwaraṅka Rājya | Critical | Kingdom | 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; 13 (parables); 18:1-4; 19:14,23-24; 25:1 | Reject literal ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ ରାଜ୍ୟ: svarga is a temporary, merit-based, samsara-bound reward realm in Odia Hindu cosmology, not God’s eternal reign. |
| Son of David | ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର | Dāudaṅka Putra | Critical | Christology/Messianic Promise | 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42 | Messianic royal title distinct from baseline’s genealogical “seed of David”; must not be read as an avatara-lineage descent. |
| Immanuel | ଏମାନୁୟେଲ (+ gloss “ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ”) | Emmanuel | Critical | Christology/Incarnation | 1:23 | Permanent divine presence in one person, never a periodic/replaceable descent (Nabakalebara collision). |
| Virgin | କୁମାରୀ | kumārī | High | Christology/Incarnation | 1:23,25 | Must retain literal virgin sense; note regional “Kumari” living-goddess devotional association elsewhere in South Asia. |
| Worship (homage) | ପ୍ରଣାମ (generic homage) / ଉପାସନା·ଆରାଧନା (divine worship) | praṇāma / upāsanā, ārādhanā | High | Christology | 2:11; 4:10; 14:33; 28:9,17 | Context-sensitive; everyday Odia praṇāma to elders/images must not be conflated with worship due God alone. |
| Repentance | ମନ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ | mana paribartana | High | Salvation | 3:2,8; 4:17; 11:20-21 | Inward change of mind/heart, not ritual expiation (prāyaścitta). |
| Baptism | ବାପ୍ତିସ୍ମ | bāptisma | Medium | Sanctification | 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19 | Distinct from repeatable purificatory ritual bathing. |
| Wrath | କ୍ରୋଧ | krodha | Medium | God | 3:7 | Righteous/judicial, not capricious mythological deity-anger. |
| Temptation / test | ପରୀକ୍ଷା | parīkṣā | Medium | Christology | 4:1-11; 6:13; 26:41 | Distinguish moral trial-to-sin from academic “exam” sense. |
| Disciple | ଶିଷ୍ୟ | śiṣya | High | Discipleship | 5:1; 8:21-23; 9:9; 10:1; 28:19 | Guru-śiṣya-paramparā collision; open, grace-based following, not hereditary/initiation-gated. |
| Authority | ଅଧିକାର | adhikāra | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 21:23-27; 28:18 | Neutral secular term; requires framing as inherent, not delegated-by-office/tradition. |
| Meek | ନମ୍ର | namra | Low | Discipleship | 5:5; 11:29; 21:5 | — |
| Mourn | ଶୋକ କରିବା | śoka karibā | Low | Discipleship | 5:4 | — |
| Comfort | ସାନ୍ତ୍ୱନା ଦେବା | sāntwanā debā | Low | Discipleship | 5:4 | — |
| Inherit / inheritance | ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାର ପାଇବା | uttarādhikāra pāibā | Medium | Salvation | 5:5; 19:29; 25:34 | Keep consistent with baseline adoption/inheritance vocabulary. |
| Mercy | ଦୟା | dayā | Medium | Ethics | 5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 23:23 | Distinct from କୃପା (grace); not a merit-earning transaction. |
| Pure in heart | ହୃଦୟରେ ଶୁଚି | hṛdayare śuci | High | Sanctification | 5:8; 15:1-20 | Use ଶୁଚି (moral), not ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (ritual purity), matching the text’s own contrast. |
| Peacemakers | ଶାନ୍ତି ସ୍ଥାପକ | śānti sthāpaka | Low | Ethics | 5:9 | — |
| Sons of God (general/plural, believers) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସନ୍ତାନ | Parameśwaraṅka Santāna | High | Adoption | 5:9,45 | Must not be phrased identically to the Critical, singular “Son of God” Christological title. |
| Persecuted | ତାଡ଼ନା ପାଇବା | tāḍanā pāibā | Medium | Discipleship | 5:10-12; 10:16-23 | — |
| Reward | ପୁରସ୍କାର | puraskāra | Medium | Discipleship | 5:12,46; 6:1-6,16-18 | Not merit-earned salvation; guard against seba/bhoga-offering framing. |
| Fulfill (Law/Prophecy) | ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିବା | pūrṇa karibā | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 5:17; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:54,56; 27:9 | Completion/culmination, never abolition or replacement. |
| Perfect | ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ | pūrṇa | Critical | Ethics | 5:48; 19:21 | Reject ସିଦ୍ଧ (yogic/tantric/Jain “perfected adept,” self-attained). |
| Gehenna / Hell | ନରକ | naraka | Critical | Judgment | 5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33 | Naraka in Hindu cosmology is typically temporary/purgatorial within rebirth; biblical Gehenna is final and unending. |
| Hypocrite | କପଟୀ | kapaṭī | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding Pharisees | 6:2,5,16; 15:7; 23:13-29 | Religious performance for human observation. |
| Forgiveness / forgive | କ୍ଷମା / କ୍ଷମା କରିବା | kṣamā / kṣamā karibā | Medium | Church Discipline | 6:12,14-15; 18:21-35; 26:28 | Not karmic debt-cancellation; relational and personal. |
| Debt (sin metaphor) | ଣ / ଦେଣା | deṇā | Low | Church Discipline | 6:12; 18:23-35 | — |
| Mammon | ମାମୋନ | māmona | High | Ethics | 6:24 | Retain transliteration; note resonance with, but no identity to, Lakshmi-wealth devotion. |
| Judge | ବିଚାର କରିବା | bicāra karibā | Medium | Judgment | 7:1-5; 25:31-46 | Distinguish forbidden self-righteous judging from God’s rightful final judgment. |
| False prophet | ଭଣ୍ଡ ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା | bhaṇḍa bhabiṣyadbaktā | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 7:15; 24:11,24 | — |
| Son of Man | ମନୁଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର | manuṣyaputra | Critical | Christology | 8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:13,27-28; 17:9,22; 19:28; 20:28; 24:27,30,37,44; 25:31; 26:64 | Daniel 7 authority-and-glory background must not be lost to a merely humble “just a man” reading; keep distinct from “Son of God.” |
| Follow (discipleship) | ଅନୁସରଣ କରିବା | anusaraṇa karibā | High | Discipleship | 8:19,22-23; 9:9; 16:24; 19:27-29 | Total-life allegiance, not casual attendance. |
| Demon | ଦୁଷ୍ଟାତ୍ମା | duṣṭātmā | Medium | Christology | 8:16,28-34; 9:32-34; 12:22-29 | Distinct from Odia folk bhūta/preta ghost categories. |
| Sacrifice | ବଳିଦାନ | balidāna | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding Pharisees | 9:13; 12:7 | Anchor to OT Levitical system, not regional Śākta ritual sacrifice. |
| Compassion | କରୁଣା | karuṇā | Low | Ethics | 9:36; 14:14; 15:32; 20:34 | — |
| Confess | ସ୍ୱୀକାର କରିବା | swīkāra karibā | High | Discipleship | 10:32-33 | Keep consistent with baseline’s Romans 10:9-10 confession register. |
| Cross | କ୍ରୁଶ | kruśa | Medium | Discipleship | 10:38; 16:24; 27:32-42 | Real Roman execution instrument, not a generic “burden” metaphor. |
| Life / Soul (in loss/gain sayings) | ପ୍ରାଣ | prāṇa | Critical | Discipleship | 10:39; 16:25-26 | Never ଆତ୍ମା here (reserved for Holy Spirit); guard cross-term ambiguity. |
| Yoke | ଯୁଆଳି | yuāḷi | Low | Righteousness Exceeding Pharisees | 11:29-30; 23:4 | — |
| Rest | ବିଶ୍ରାମ | biśrāma | Low | Discipleship | 11:28-29 | — |
| Sabbath | ବିଶ୍ରାମବାର | biśrāmabāra | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 12:1-14; 24:20 | Distinct from voluntary Hindu vrata fasting days. |
| Blasphemy (against the Spirit) | ନିନ୍ଦା | nindā | Critical | Judgment | 12:31-32 | Unpardonable-sin doctrine; mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| Sign | ଚିହ୍ନ | cihna | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 12:38-39; 16:1-4; 24:3,30 | — |
| Parable | ଦୃଷ୍ଟାନ୍ତ | dṣṭānta | Low-Medium | Kingdom | 13:3-52 | Preserve reveal/conceal dual function, not generic “moral story.” |
| Mystery | ନିହିତ ସତ୍ୟ (preferred) / ପ୍ରକାଶିତ ରହସ୍ୟ | nihita satya / prakāśita rahasya | High | Kingdom | 13:11,35 | Avoid unqualified ରହସ୍ୟ (esoteric tantric-initiation connotation); this is gracious disclosure, not restricted secret. |
| End of the Age | ଯୁଗର ସମାପ୍ତି | yugara samāpti | Critical | Judgment/Eschatology | 13:39-40,49; 24:3; 28:20 | ”Yuga” is the Hindu cyclical cosmic-era term; biblical “age” is linear, bounded, one-time-ending. |
| Weeping and gnashing of teeth | କାନ୍ଦ ଓ ଦାନ୍ତ କାତରି | kānda o dānta kātari | Medium | Judgment | 13:42,50; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30 | — |
| Tradition (of the elders/of men) | ପରମ୍ପରା (qualify: ମାନବ ପରମ୍ପରା) | paramparā (mānaba paramparā) | High | Righteousness Exceeding Pharisees | 15:2-6 | Same word denotes highly honored guru-lineage tradition generally; qualify every occurrence. |
| Keys of the kingdom | ଚାବି | cābi | High | Church & Church Discipline | 16:19 | Delegated stewardship authority, not a literal/magical object. |
| Bind and loose | ବାନ୍ଧିବା ଓ ଛାଡ଼ିବା | bāndhibā o chāḍibā | Critical | Church & Church Discipline | 16:19; 18:18 | Direct collision with Odisha folk-Śākta/tantric bandhan-mantra binding-spell practice; requires explicit disambiguating note every occurrence. |
| Witness | ସାକ୍ଷୀ | sākṣī | Low | Church Discipline | 18:16 | — |
| Eternal life | ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ | ananta jībana | Critical | Judgment/Salvation | 19:16,29; 25:46 | Not mokṣa/mukti (escape from existence); not an innate atman-property, but a gift given through Christ. |
| Ransom | ଉଦ୍ଧାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ | uddhāra mūlya | Critical | Salvation | 20:28 | Reject ମୁକ୍ତିପଣ (mukti-root collision with forbidden salvation term). |
| Hosanna | ହୋଶାନ୍ନା | hoshānnā | Low | Messianic Promise | 21:9,15 | Established liturgical transliteration. |
| Cornerstone | କୋଣ ପ୍ରସ୍ତର | koṇa prastara | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 21:42 | Preserve Psalm 118 rejection-then-vindication background. |
| Love (agapē) | ପ୍ରେମ | prema | High | Ethics | 5:44; 22:37-39 | Distinguish willed, covenantal love from Vaishnav prema-bhakti romantic-devotional connotation. |
| Woe | ହାୟ | hāya | Low-Medium | Righteousness Exceeding Pharisees | 23:13-29 | Prophetic lament-judgment formula. |
| Parousia / Coming | ଆଗମନ | āgamana | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24:3,27,37,39 | One final bodily return of the same Christ, not a fresh avatara-descent. |
| Abomination of desolation | ଉଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନକାରୀ ଘୃଣ୍ୟ ବିଷୟ | ucchinnakārī ghṇya biṣaya | Medium/High | Judgment | 24:15 | Requires explanatory footnote (Daniel background). |
| Watch / be ready | ଜାଗ୍ରତ ରୁହ | jāgrata ruha | Medium | Judgment | 24:42-44; 25:13 | Vigilant readiness, not generic mindfulness. |
| Bridegroom | ବର | bara | Low | Judgment | 25:1-13 | — |
| Eternal punishment | ଅନନ୍ତ ଦଣ୍ଡ | ananta daṇḍa | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 25:46 | Must parallel “eternal life“‘s unending force; not a finite naraka-rebirth stage. |
| Body / Blood (Lord’s Supper) | ଶରୀର / ରକ୍ତ | śarīra / rakta | Critical | Church | 26:26-28 | Memorial of a completed sacrifice; guard against Mahaprasad ritual-offering-for-fresh-grace framing. |
| Betray / hand over | ବିଶ୍ୱାସଘାତକତା କରିବା | biśwāsaghātakatā karibā | Medium | Discipleship | 26:14-16,21-25,48-49 | — |
| Forsake | ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା | parityāga karibā | Medium | Salvation/Atonement | 27:46 | Christ’s experience of judgment-bearing, not Trinitarian rupture. |
| Veil / curtain | ପରଦା | paradā | Medium | Church | 27:51 | ମନ୍ଦିର here legitimately names the literal historical Jerusalem Temple. |
| Make disciples | ଶିଷ୍ୟ କରିବା | śiṣya karibā | Critical | The Great Commission | 28:19 | Open, grace-based, universal invitation — not restricted guru-lineage transmission. |
| All nations (comprehensive) | ସମସ୍ତ ଜାତି | samasta jāti | Medium | The Great Commission | 28:19 | Broader than baseline “Gentiles” (ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି); includes Israel — do not substitute. |
Risk Summary (Matthew New/Re-Weighted Terms)
| Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 16 | Human theologian (mandatory) |
| High | 13 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 20 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 10 | Automated review |
Cross-Reference to Doctrine Coverage
- The Kingdom of Heaven → Kingdom of Heaven, Mystery, Parable, End of the Age
- Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David → Son of David, Immanuel, Virgin, Messiah/Christ [baseline], Hosanna, Cornerstone
- Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy → Fulfill, Immanuel, Sign, Cornerstone, Abomination of Desolation
- The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching → Authority, Son of Man, Sabbath, Tradition
- Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees → Righteousness [baseline], Hypocrite, Pure in Heart, Perfect, Mercy, Sacrifice, Yoke, Tradition, Woe
- The Church and Church Discipline → Church [baseline], Keys of the Kingdom, Bind and Loose, Witness, Forgiveness, Body/Blood
- The Great Commission → Make Disciples, Baptism, All Nations, Authority, Disciple
- Judgment and the End of the Age → Gehenna/Hell, Blasphemy against the Spirit, End of the Age, Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth, Parousia/Coming, Eternal Life, Eternal Punishment, Watch/Be Ready, Judge
- Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus → Disciple, Follow, Cross, Life/Soul, Confess, Meek, Persecuted, Reward, Ransom
This glossary must be loaded alongside analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, the baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before any Phase 2 Matthew translation work begins. New terms recorded here are candidates for formal addition to translation_memory.json in the next pipeline step.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation/Ethics
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew adds a lived-practice sense alongside Romans’ forensic sense (5:6,10,20; 6:1,33; 21:32) — righteous conduct exceeding scribal/Pharisaic external conformity. The single Odia term must bear both senses without collapsing into ritual/legal duty in either. NEVER ଧର୍ମ.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: paritrāṇa
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named at the outset in Jesus’ own name (1:21, ‘he will save his people from their sins’) and recurring throughout (8:25; 9:21-22; 16:25; 19:25; 24:13,22). NEVER ମୋକ୍ଷ or ମୁକ୍ତି.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Debated with the Sadducees (22:23-33, ‘God of the living, not the dead’) and narrated as historical fact (27:52-53; 28:1-10). NEVER ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ; sharply distinct from Nabakalebara’s periodic, mechanical image-renewal.
Lord
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Address to Jesus throughout Matthew (7:21-22; 8:2,25; 24:42). NEVER ଠାକୁର, the everyday devotional name for Jagannath specifically.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାରୀ ପୁରୁଷ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved strictly for Christ’s eternal, unique, co-equal divine Sonship (3:17; 4:3,6; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 26:63; 27:40,43,54). Must be kept strictly distinct from the new term sons_of_god_general (5:9,45), which uses ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସନ୍ତାନ instead.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ଦେହଧାରଣ
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାର
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological category; cf. Matt 1:18-23’s virginal conception)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Narrated at Matt 1:18-23, the book’s ground-zero occurrence of the Nabakalebara collision risk. NEVER ଅବତାର.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Rājya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium), risk ESCALATED to Critical for this curriculum because Matthew treats ‘kingdom of heaven’ and ‘kingdom of God’ as interchangeable (cf. 19:23-24) and this is also the required rendering for the new term kingdom_of_heaven below, which is Critical due to the ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ (svarga) collision. Used at 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ଯୀଶୁ
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଈସା
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Proper name given explicit meaning at 1:21,25 (‘he will save his people’). Never ଈସା.
God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର
Transliteration: Parameśwara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର, ଭଗବାନ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew’s frequent circumlocution ‘kingdom of heaven’ for ‘kingdom of God’ makes consistent use of ପରମେଶ୍ୱର elsewhere essential so readers do not conclude ‘heaven’ names a lesser, different reality than God himself. Never ଠାକୁର or ଭଗବାନ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: Pabitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ପରମାତ୍ମା
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Agent of the virginal conception (1:18,20) and of the Trinitarian baptismal formula (28:19). Never ପରମାତ୍ମା; risk sharper in Matthew because the Spirit is named directly alongside Father and Son at 28:19.
Father
Approved rendering: ପିତା
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Especially prominent in the Sermon on the Mount (5:16,45,48; 6:9; 7:11) and the Great Commission (28:19).
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Rājya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ ରାଜ୍ୟ
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
Matthew’s distinctive, reverential circumlocution (~32 occurrences: 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; ch.13 parables; 18:1-4; 19:14,23-24; 25:1), functionally identical to ‘kingdom of God.’ REJECT literal ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ ରାଜ୍ୟ: svarga is Indra’s paradise, a temporary, puṇya-merit-earned reward realm inside the rebirth cycle. Always render with ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ; a preface note should explain Matthew’s reverential ‘heaven’ substitution as stylistic, not a lesser kingdom.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର
Transliteration: Dāudaṅka Putra
Doctrine: Jesus as Son of David
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାରୀ ପୁରୁଷ
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
A Messianic royal title identifying Jesus as David’s promised royal heir (1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42). Distinct from seed_of_david (genealogical). No native Odia devotional category corresponds to a promised, covenant-bound royal heir; requires mandatory 2 Samuel 7 background scaffolding at first occurrence (1:1) and each recurrence. Must not be read through any avatara-descent framing.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: ଏମାନୁୟେଲ (ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ)
Transliteration: Emmanuel
Doctrine: Immanuel — God With Us
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
Hebrew ‘God with us,’ applied at Jesus’ birth (1:23) and echoed at the book’s close (‘I am with you always,’ 28:20). Transliterate with mandatory gloss. Directly linked to the Incarnation/Nabakalebara caution: a permanent, singular divine presence, never a periodic or replaceable descent.
Perfect
Approved rendering: ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ
Transliteration: pūrṇa
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: ସିଦ୍ଧ
Original: τέλειος
Category: Ethics
5:48; 19:21, ‘be perfect as your heavenly Father is perfect,’ commanded of ordinary disciples. REJECT ସିଦ୍ଧ absolutely: in yogic/tantric/Jain usage a siddha is a self-attained adept via ascetic technique or lineage transmission — precisely the opposite of Christlike, grace-shaped, other-embracing love.
Gehenna
Approved rendering: ନରକ
Transliteration: naraka
Doctrine: Gehenna and Final Judgment
Original: γέεννα
Category: Judgment
5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33. In Hindu cosmology ନରକ is typically a temporary purgatorial realm within the karma-saṃsāra cycle, followed by further rebirth. Retain as the established Odia Christian rendering (no viable alternative), but pair with explicit doctrinal clarification at every occurrence that biblical Gehenna is final and unending.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: ମନୁଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର
Transliteration: manuṣyaputra
Doctrine: Son of Man
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
Jesus’ preferred self-designation drawing on Daniel 7:13-14’s exalted, universally authoritative figure (8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:13,27-28; 17:9,22; 19:28; 20:28; 24:27,30,37,44; 25:31; 26:64). A flat literal rendering risks losing the Daniel 7 background entirely, reading as mere self-deprecating ‘just a man’ language. Requires a translator’s note at first occurrence (8:20); must be kept absolutely distinct from son_of_god.
Life Soul
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: prāṇa
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: ଆତ୍ମା (reserved for Holy Spirit)
Original: ψυχή
Category: Discipleship
10:39; 16:25-26, the paradoxical losing/finding sayings. Do NOT render as ଆତ୍ମା, reserved for ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା and warned against for ପରମାତ୍ମା-style associations. Using ଆତ୍ମା here would create serious cross-term ambiguity within this curriculum.
Blasphemy Against Spirit
Approved rendering: ନିନ୍ଦା
Transliteration: nindā
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία (εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα)
Category: Judgment
12:31-32, the unpardonable sin. Any imprecision in scope is doctrinally consequential; mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
End Of Age
Approved rendering: ଯୁଗର ସମାପ୍ତି
Transliteration: yugara samāpti
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Judgment
13:39-40,49; 24:3; 28:20. ‘ଯୁଗ’ (yuga) is the Hindu cosmological era-concept cycling endlessly and followed by renewal, not final judgment. Mandatory clarifying note at every occurrence: biblical ‘the age’ is this one, linear, bounded, historical era, ending once-for-all.
Bind And Loose
Approved rendering: ବାନ୍ଧିବା ଓ ଛାଡ଼ିବା
Transliteration: bāndhibā o chāḍibā
Doctrine: The Keys of the Kingdom and Binding/Loosing
Original: δέω / λύω
Category: Church Discipline
16:19; 18:18. ବାନ୍ଧିବା is also the operative verb for occult bandhan-mantra binding-spell ritual practice at Odisha’s folk-Śākta/tantric shrines. Rendering without careful framing risks being heard as claiming occult binding-ritual power rather than authoritative, Christ-delegated church discipline and restoration. MANDATORY disambiguating translator’s note at every occurrence.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ଅନନ୍ତ ଜୀବନ
Transliteration: ananta jībana
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
19:16,29; 25:46. Guard against two misreadings: (1) confusing this with mokṣa/mukti, escape from embodied existence, since eternal life is positively embodied resurrection life; (2) the Vedantic assumption the ātman is already inherently eternal, whereas this is a gift graciously granted through Christ.
Ransom
Approved rendering: ଉଦ୍ଧାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ
Transliteration: uddhāra mūlya
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom
Rejected alternatives: ମୁକ୍ତିପଣ
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
20:28, ‘give his life as a ransom for many.’ REJECT ମୁକ୍ତିପଣ, which uses the forbidden mukti root (mokṣa/mukti association). Use ଉଦ୍ଧାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ, consistent with the baseline’s non-mukti-rooted ପରିତ୍ରାଣ.
Parousia
Approved rendering: ଆଗମନ
Transliteration: āgamana
Doctrine: The Parousia (Second Coming)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Judgment
24:3,27,37,39,44. Must be presented as the single, final, bodily return of the one Christ incarnate once — never a fresh avatara-descent in the daśāvatāra pattern (Rama, Krishna, etc.).
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: ଅନନ୍ତ ଦଣ୍ଡ
Transliteration: ananta daṇḍa
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Eternal Punishment
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment
25:46, sharing the identical Greek adjective with eternal_life in the same verse. Must not be softened, under naraka-as-temporary-purgatorial-stage cosmology, into a finite corrective sentence within a rebirth cycle.
Body Blood
Approved rendering: ଶରୀର / ରକ୍ତ
Transliteration: śarīra / rakta
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper (Body and Blood)
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Church
26:26-28. Sits close to the Puri Mahaprasad tradition (offered food eaten across caste lines as a means of receiving the deity’s grace) — risking a reading of the Lord’s Supper as a repeated ritual-offering-and-consumption mechanism generating fresh grace, rather than a memorial of a completed, once-for-all sacrifice.
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: ଶିଷ୍ୟ କରିବା
Transliteration: śiṣya karibā
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: μαθητεύω
Category: The Great Commission
28:19, the Great Commission’s central imperative. Built on the ଶିଷ୍ୟ root; ‘making disciples of all nations’ must be understood as an open, grace-based, gospel invitation available to every person regardless of caste, ritual status, or hereditary standing — the opposite of a guru-lineage’s typically restricted transmission.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ସୁସମାଚାର
Transliteration: susamācāra
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ଖବର
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Matthew appears as ‘gospel of the kingdom’ (4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13), combined with ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ; confirms gospel-proclamation and kingdom-proclamation are the same message.
Grace
Approved rendering: କୃପା
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: କର୍ମଫଳ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Illustrated implicitly by the laborers-in-the-vineyard parable (20:1-16); the ‘first/last’ reversal is grace exceeding strict desert, not an economic-fairness resolution, and must be kept distinct from the seba/bhoga/pilgrimage merit economy.
Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ
Transliteration: biśwāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Commended repeatedly in Matthew (8:10; 9:2,22,29; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21-22); never ଭକ୍ତି, the devotional-surrender sense of Odia Vaishnav bhakti.
Called
Approved rendering: ଆହୂତ
Transliteration: āhūta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରିତ
Original: κλητός / κλητοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Used in the wedding-feast parable’s ‘many are called, but few are chosen’ (22:14); Matthew’s parable context (refused invitations, the improperly-dressed guest) adds a sterner warning dimension about superficial response that must not be softened.
Calling
Approved rendering: ଆହ୍ୱାନ
Transliteration: āhwāna
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form paired with ଆହୂତ.
Election
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Manonayana
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, ନିୟତି
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Paired with ‘called’ at 22:14; never ଭାଗ୍ୟ/ନିୟତି (fate).
Adoption
Approved rendering: ପୋଷ୍ୟ ପୁତ୍ରତ୍ୱ
Transliteration: poṣya putratva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ପୋଷା ନେବା
Original: υἱοθεσία (doctrinal category; cf. Matt 5:9,45)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in the peacemakers Beatitude and ‘love your enemies, that you may be sons of your Father’ (5:9,45); see new term sons_of_god_general for the specific Matthean phrase this doctrine attaches to.
Glory
Approved rendering: ମହିମା
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ତେଜ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Associated with the Son of Man’s future coming (16:27; 24:30; 25:31).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ଶକ୍ତି
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked against the Sadducees’ error (22:29) and in Christ’s own coming in power (26:64). NEVER ଶକ୍ତି.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ନିୟମ
Transliteration: niyama
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ଚୁକ୍ତି
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Named at the Last Supper’s ‘blood of the covenant’ (26:28), tying atonement language to covenant fulfillment.
Providence
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Paricāḷanā
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, କର୍ମର ନିୟମ
Original: πρόνοια (cf. Matt 6:25-34; 10:29-31)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Taught concerning birds, flowers, and sparrows (6:25-34; 10:29-31); vulnerable to ଭାଗ୍ୟ (fate) or karma-law readings given everyday Odia proverb-speech.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ବଂଶରୁ
Transliteration: Dāudaṅka Baṃśaru
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Conveys physical lineage. Distinct from the new Matthean royal title son_of_david (ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର); the two must not be conflated — one is genealogical descent, the other a Messianic royal title of address.
Law
Approved rendering: ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା
Transliteration: byabasthā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Jesus claims to fulfill, not abolish it (5:17-18; 7:12; 22:36,40; 23:23). Never ଧର୍ମ.
Sin
Approved rendering: ପାପ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ଅଧର୍ମ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. The very reason for Jesus’ coming (1:21), forgiven through his atoning death (26:28).
Virgin
Approved rendering: କୁମାରୀ
Transliteration: kumārī
Doctrine: The Virgin Birth and Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ଯୁବତୀ (young woman)
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
Asserts Christ’s miraculous, non-natural conception (1:23,25). Must retain literal virgin sense. ‘Kumari’ independently denotes a living-goddess/child-deity figure in some regional South Asian devotional traditions; add clarifying apposition ‘ଅବିବାହିତ କୁମାରୀ’ at first occurrence.
Worship
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଣାମ / ଉପାସନା, ଆରାଧନା
Transliteration: praṇāma / upāsanā, ārādhanā
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
Context-sensitive, two-tier rendering: ପ୍ରଣାମ for generic respectful homage (Magi, 2:11, who may not yet grasp Christ’s deity); ଉପାସନା/ଆରାଧନା for worship due God alone (4:10; 14:33; 28:9,17). Everyday Odia praṇāma custom to elders/images does not natively distinguish courtesy from worship-due-God-alone; a flat single rendering would misstate either the Magi’s theology or the disciples’ post-resurrection worship.
Repentance
Approved rendering: ମନ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ
Transliteration: mana paribartana
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରାୟଶ୍ଚିତ୍ତ
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Salvation
John’s and Jesus’ opening message (3:2,8; 4:17; 11:20-21). Must convey inward transformation of mind and life-direction, not ritual expiation (prāyaścitta) — sacred-water bathing, pilgrimage, prescribed ritual acts.
Disciple
Approved rendering: ଶିଷ୍ୟ
Transliteration: śiṣya
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
The Sermon on the Mount’s primary addressees (5:1) and the Great Commission’s object (28:19). ଶିଷ୍ୟ is the standard guru-śiṣya-paramparā term, often hereditary or ritual-initiation-gated. Matthew’s discipleship is open and grace-based, not lineage-restricted; flag this collision at every discipleship-cost and Great Commission passage.
Authority
Approved rendering: ଅଧିକାର
Transliteration: adhikāra
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରାଧିକାର, ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Climactically claimed as inherent, not derived (7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 21:23-27; 28:18). ଅଧିକାର is religiously neutral (right/entitlement/jurisdiction); does not by itself convey inherent divine authority versus office-, lineage-, or citation-derived authority. Requires a standing translator’s note at each teaching-authority occurrence.
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: ହୃଦୟରେ ଶୁଚି
Transliteration: hṛdayare śuci
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧ
Original: καθαρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Sanctification
5:8; expanded at 15:1-20. Use ଶୁଚି (moral/inner cleanness), never ଶୁଦ୍ଧ, which carries strong ritual-purity connotations from Jagannath temple purity protocols — exactly the external/internal contrast this Beatitude makes.
Sons Of God General
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସନ୍ତାନ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Santāna
Doctrine: Adoption — Sonship of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର (reserved for Christ)
Original: υἱοὶ θεοῦ (general/plural)
Category: Adoption
5:9,45; the general/plural believer-sense. Must never be phrased identically to the Critical, singular son_of_god term reserved for Christ’s unique divine Sonship.
Fulfill
Approved rendering: ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିବା
Transliteration: pūrṇa karibā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ଲୋପ କରିବା
Original: πληρόω
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
The operative verb of Matthew’s ten fulfillment-formula citations (1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:54,56; 27:9) and 5:17. Must not suggest abolition or mere obedience; Jesus is the goal to which the Law and Prophets pointed.
Mammon
Approved rendering: ମାମୋନ
Transliteration: māmona
Doctrine: Wealth and Mammon
Rejected alternatives: ଧନ (loses the personification)
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Ethics
6:24; wealth personified as a rival master. Retain transliteration (as with ଆବ୍ବା); note resonance with, but no identity to, household Lakshmi-wealth devotion around Manabasa Gurubara observances — the text personifies money’s totalizing claim, not an actual deity.
Follow
Approved rendering: ଅନୁସରଣ କରିବା
Transliteration: anusaraṇa karibā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
8:19,22-23; 9:9; 16:24; 19:27-29. Must convey personal, total-life allegiance to Jesus specifically, not casual attendance at teaching.
Confess
Approved rendering: ସ୍ୱୀକାର କରିବା
Transliteration: swīkāra karibā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Discipleship
10:32-33; must be rendered identically in register and force to the baseline’s Romans 10:9-10 confession rendering for cross-curriculum consistency.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ନିହିତ ସତ୍ୟ / ପ୍ରକାଶିତ ରହସ୍ୟ
Transliteration: nihita satya / prakāśita rahasya
Doctrine: The Mystery of the Kingdom in Parables
Rejected alternatives: ରହସ୍ୟ (unqualified)
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
13:11,35, kingdom truth formerly hidden, now graciously disclosed. Avoid unqualified ରହସ୍ୟ, which carries esoteric tantric-initiation connotations of knowledge restricted to initiates; the biblical direction is the reverse.
Tradition
Approved rendering: ପରମ୍ପରା (ମାନବ ପରମ୍ପରା)
Transliteration: paramparā (mānaba paramparā)
Doctrine: Human Tradition versus the Command of God
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
15:2-6. ପରମ୍ପରା is the precise term for a highly honored guru-lineage religious tradition, including Odisha’s own Panchasakha textual-transmission heritage. Qualify every occurrence as ମାନବ ପରମ୍ପରା to keep the critique narrowly targeted.
Keys Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: ଚାବି
Transliteration: cābi
Doctrine: The Keys of the Kingdom and Binding/Loosing
Original: κλείς
Category: Church
16:19; delegated administrative/disciplinary authority. Must be clearly framed as metaphor for delegated declarative authority, paired with bind_and_loose, not an independent magical/sacramental power.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରେମ
Transliteration: prema
Doctrine: The Great Commandment (Love God and Neighbor)
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
5:43-48; 22:37-40. ପ୍ରେମ carries strong devotional-romantic connotations from Vaishnava prema-bhakti (Rādhā-Krishna yearning devotion), also present in Odia Vaishnav poetic tradition. Agapē here is deliberate, willed, covenantal commitment and active good, not devotional yearning.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରେରିତ
Transliteration: prerita
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ଗୁରୁ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the Twelve at 10:2; never ଗୁରୁ, which implies self-attained or hereditary teaching status.
Peace
Approved rendering: ଶାନ୍ତି
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ମନ ଶାନ୍ତି
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the seventh Beatitude (5:9) and Jesus’ warning that his coming also brings division (10:13,34); root for the new term peacemakers (ଶାନ୍ତି ସ୍ଥାପକ).
Church
Approved rendering: ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. First named by Jesus at 16:18, given a discipline procedure at 18:17. NEVER ମନ୍ଦିର or ଦେଉଳ, the latter naming the Puri Jagannath temple specifically.
Intercession
Approved rendering: ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: implicit in the Lord’s Prayer, 6:9-13
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Modeled in the Lord’s Prayer (6:9-13).
Mission
Approved rendering: ମିଶନ / ସୁସମାଚାର ପ୍ରଚାର
Transliteration: miśana / susamācāra pracāra
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Being sent to proclaim, both to Israel (10:5-15) and to all nations (28:19-20).
David
Approved rendering: ଦାଉଦ
Transliteration: Dāuda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Named throughout the genealogy and messianic acclamations (1:1,6,17,20; 9:27; 12:3,23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45).
Israel
Approved rendering: ଇସ୍ରାଏଲ
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced throughout (2:6,20-21; 8:10; 10:6,23; 15:24; 19:28).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ବିଦେଶୀ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Non-Jewish peoples (4:15; 10:5,18; 12:18,21; 20:19); narrower than the new term all_nations (28:19), which includes Israel. Do NOT substitute for all_nations.
Baptism
Approved rendering: ବାପ୍ତିସ୍ମ
Transliteration: bāptisma
Doctrine: Baptism in the Triune Name
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Sanctification
John’s baptism of repentance and, at the book’s close, Christian baptism into the triune name (3:6,11,13-16; 28:19). Established transliteration; distinguish from repeatable purificatory ritual bathing in sacred rivers/temple tanks.
Wrath
Approved rendering: କ୍ରୋଧ
Transliteration: krodha
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
God’s righteous judicial response to sin, named by John the Baptist (‘wrath to come,’ 3:7). କ୍ରୋଧ is frequently used of deities’ mythological anger in regional narrative; must be presented as righteous and judicial, not capricious or ritually appeasable.
Temptation
Approved rendering: ପରୀକ୍ଷା
Transliteration: parīkṣā
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Christology
Christ’s wilderness testing (4:1-11) and the Lord’s Prayer/Gethsemane usage (6:13; 26:41). Everyday Odia ପରୀକ୍ଷା commonly means school ‘examination’; context must clarify this is a moral trial toward sin.
Inherit
Approved rendering: ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାର ପାଇବା
Transliteration: uttarādhikāra pāibā
Doctrine: Adoption — Sonship of Believers
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Salvation
5:5; 19:29; 25:34. Keep consistent with baseline adoption/inheritance vocabulary (ପୋଷ୍ୟ ପୁତ୍ରତ୍ୱ).
Mercy
Approved rendering: ଦୟା
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων
Category: Ethics
5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 23:23. Must be kept lexically distinct from କୃପା (grace, unmerited favor apart from merit); the Beatitude’s reciprocity is character-evidence, not a merit-earning transaction.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: ତାଡ଼ନା ପାଇବା
Transliteration: tāḍanā pāibā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: διώκω
Category: Discipleship
5:10-12; 10:16-23. Ensure ‘for righteousness’ sake’ is not lost or generalized to any suffering.
Reward
Approved rendering: ପୁରସ୍କାର
Transliteration: puraskāra
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: μισθός
Category: Discipleship
5:12,46; 6:1-6,16-18. Must not suggest merit-earned salvation, echoing the seba/bhoga/pilgrimage-merit caution; reward evidences standing already graciously given, it does not earn it.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: କପଟୀ
Transliteration: kapaṭī
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
6:2,5,16; 15:7; 23:13-29. Ensure the specifically religious-performance sense, not merely social dishonesty, is clear from context.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: କ୍ଷମା / କ୍ଷମା କରିବା
Transliteration: kṣamā / kṣamā karibā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Church Discipline
Original: ἀφίημι / ἄφεσις
Category: Church Discipline
6:12,14-15; 18:21-35; 26:28. Ensure the ‘debt’ metaphor is not read through an impersonal karmic-debt framework repaid across lifetimes, but as personal, relational forgiveness.
Judge
Approved rendering: ବିଚାର କରିବା
Transliteration: bicāra karibā
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: κρίνω
Category: Judgment
7:1-5 (forbidden self-righteous judging) versus 25:31-46 (God’s rightful final judgment). Same Odia verb root serves both; context markers must distinguish which sense is active.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: ଭଣ୍ଡ ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା
Transliteration: bhaṇḍa bhabiṣyadbaktā
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
7:15; 24:11,24; built on the baseline ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା root.
Demon
Approved rendering: ଦୁଷ୍ଟାତ୍ମା
Transliteration: duṣṭātmā
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ଭୂତ/ପ୍ରେତ
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Christology
8:16,28-34; 9:32-34; 12:22-29. Must be framed as evil beings under a personal Satan’s dominion, distinct from Odia folk bhūta/preta ghost-spirit categories and ojha-exorcist causal assumptions.
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: ବଳିଦାନ
Transliteration: balidāna
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: θυσία
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
9:13; 12:7 (Hosea 6:6 citation). Anchor explicitly to the OT Levitical system Jesus critiques, not to regional Śākta/folk ritual sacrifice generally.
Cross
Approved rendering: କ୍ରୁଶ
Transliteration: kruśa
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
10:38; 16:24; 27:32-42. Must retain the sense of a real, costly Roman execution instrument, not a generic ‘burden’ metaphor.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ରାମବାର
Transliteration: biśrāmabāra
Doctrine: Sabbath and Authority over the Law
Rejected alternatives: ଏକାଦଶୀ ବ୍ରତ
Original: σάββατον
Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
12:1-14; 24:20. Guard against conflation with voluntary Hindu devotional fasting days (e.g. Ekādaśī vrata); the Sabbath is a commanded creation-ordinance rest.
Sign
Approved rendering: ଚିହ୍ନ
Transliteration: cihna
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
12:38-40; 16:1-4; 24:3,30. ‘Sign of Jonah’ is typological, pointing to the resurrection.
Parable
Approved rendering: ଦୃଷ୍ଟାନ୍ତ
Transliteration: dṣṭānta
Doctrine: The Mystery of the Kingdom in Parables
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
13:1-52. Widely familiar across Indian religious teaching traditions; ensure the reveal/conceal dual function (13:10-15) is not lost to a generic ‘moral story’ reading.
Weeping And Gnashing
Approved rendering: କାନ୍ଦ ଓ ଦାନ୍ତ କାତରି
Transliteration: kānda o dānta kātari
Doctrine: Gehenna and Final Judgment
Original: κλαυθμὸς καὶ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων
Category: Judgment
13:42,50; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30. Ensure the formula’s force (anguish and rage at final, irreversible exclusion) is not softened into mere sadness.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: କୋଣ ପ୍ରସ୍ତର
Transliteration: koṇa prastara
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: λίθος… κεφαλὴν γωνίας
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
21:42, quoting Psalm 118:22. Preserve the rejection-then-vindication pattern, not merely an architectural gloss.
Abomination Of Desolation
Approved rendering: ଉଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନକାରୀ ଘୃଣ୍ୟ ବିଷୟ
Transliteration: ucchinnakārī ghṇya biṣaya
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Judgment
24:15, Daniel-derived sign; requires explanatory footnote given the dense OT background and low assumed OT narrative literacy.
Watch
Approved rendering: ଜାଗ୍ରତ ରୁହ
Transliteration: jāgrata ruha
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: γρηγορέω
Category: Judgment
24:42-44; 25:13. Ensure the sense is vigilant eschatological readiness, not generic mindfulness.
Betray
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସଘାତକତା କରିବା
Transliteration: biśwāsaghātakatā karibā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Discipleship
26:14-16,21-25,48-49; the Odia compound naturally contains the root ବିଶ୍ୱାସ (faith/trust) — a fitting ‘trust-strike’ idiom.
Forsake
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା
Transliteration: parityāga karibā
Doctrine: Atonement and Ransom
Original: ἐγκαταλείπω
Category: Salvation
27:46, Christ’s cry echoing Psalm 22. Must be understood as Christ’s genuine experience of judgment-bearing, not a rupture in the Trinity’s eternal unity.
Veil
Approved rendering: ମନ୍ଦିରର ପରଦା
Transliteration: mandirara paradā
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Church
27:51, the Jerusalem Temple curtain. ମନ୍ଦିର here legitimately names the literal historical Jerusalem Temple building, distinct from the baseline’s caution against ମନ୍ଦିର/ଦେଉଳ for the church (ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ) — that caution does not apply to an actual historical temple building.
All Nations
Approved rendering: ସମସ୍ତ ଜାତି
Transliteration: samasta jāti
Doctrine: The Universal Scope of the Gospel (All Nations)
Rejected alternatives: ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି (too narrow, excludes Israel)
Original: πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: The Great Commission
28:19, comprehensively universal, including Israel itself. Do not default to the baseline’s narrower ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି (Gentiles); ସମସ୍ତ ଜାତି is required to preserve the Commission’s genuinely universal scope.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ସ୍ତୁତି
Transliteration: dhanyabāda stuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 15:36; 26:27.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ସହଭାଗିତା
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ମିତ୍ରତା
Original: κοινωνία (implicit in table fellowship, 9:10-11)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in Jesus’ table fellowship with tax collectors and sinners (9:10-11).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା
Transliteration: bhabiṣyadbaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷୀ
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Matthew’s ten fulfillment-formula citations and Jesus’ own prophetic role (5:12,17; 12:39; 26:56); root for the new term false_prophet.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀ
Transliteration: bhabiṣyadbāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ଗଣନା
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 13:14,35.
Meek
Approved rendering: ନମ୍ର
Transliteration: namra
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: πραΰς
Category: Discipleship
Third Beatitude (5:5); used of Jesus himself (11:29; 21:5). Ensure it reads as God-oriented posture, not mere social deference to superiors.
Mourn
Approved rendering: ଶୋକ କରିବା
Transliteration: śoka karibā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: πενθέω
Category: Discipleship
5:4; standard grief term, avoid suggesting only ritual funeral lamentation.
Comfort
Approved rendering: ସାନ୍ତ୍ୱନା ଦେବା
Transliteration: sāntwanā debā
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Discipleship
5:4; distinct from the baseline’s ଉତ୍ସାହିତ କରିବା (exhortation/encouragement).
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: ଶାନ୍ତି ସ୍ଥାପକ
Transliteration: śānti sthāpaka
Doctrine: Adoption — Sonship of Believers
Original: εἰρηνοποιός
Category: Ethics
5:9; built on baseline root ଶାନ୍ତି, extended horizontally to human reconciliation.
Debt
Approved rendering: ଣ / ଦେଣା
Transliteration: deṇā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Church Discipline
Original: ὀφείλημα
Category: Church Discipline
6:12; 18:23-35; metaphor for sin as an owed debt.
Compassion
Approved rendering: କରୁଣା
Transliteration: karuṇā
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Ethics
9:36; 14:14; 15:32; 20:34.
Yoke
Approved rendering: ଯୁଆଳି
Transliteration: yuāḷi
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ζυγός
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
11:29-30; 23:4.
Rest
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ରାମ
Transliteration: biśrāma
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀνάπαυσις
Category: Discipleship
11:28-29.
Witness
Approved rendering: ସାକ୍ଷୀ
Transliteration: sākṣī
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Church Discipline
18:16; standard legal/testimonial term for church discipline procedure.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: ହୋଶାନ୍ନା
Transliteration: hoshānnā
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah
Original: ὡσαννά
Category: Messianic Promise
21:9,15; established Christian liturgical loanword (‘save now’).
Woe
Approved rendering: ହାୟ
Transliteration: hāya
Doctrine: Prophetic Woe and Lament
Original: οὐαί
Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
23:13-39; prophetic lament-judgment formula continuous with OT prophetic ‘woe’ oracles.
Bridegroom
Approved rendering: ବର
Transliteration: bara
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: νυμφίος
Category: Judgment
25:1-13; standard wedding-metaphor term for Christ.
Referenced passages