Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English–Odia)
Phase 1, Step 1 Deliverable
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Every term already recorded in the baseline is reused exactly and marked “(baseline reuse)” in the Source column. New terms required for 1 Peter are marked “(new — 1 Peter)”. This table must be loaded, together with the baseline files, before any Phase 2 translation of 1 Peter begins.
| # | English Term | Odia Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Source | Passages (1 Peter) | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱର | Parameśwara | Critical | God | (baseline reuse) | 1:2,3,5,21; 2:4,10,16,17,19,20; 3:4,5,18,21,22; 4:2,6,10,11,14,16,17,19; 5:2,5,10,12 | ଠାକୁର, ଭଗବାନ | Never ଠାକୁର (Jagannath-specific). |
| 2 | Father | ପିତା | Pitā | Critical | God | (baseline reuse) | 1:2,3,17 | ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା | Relational, not abstract-creator sense. |
| 3 | Lord (of Christ/God) | ପ୍ରଭୁ | Prabhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | (baseline reuse) | 1:3,25; 2:3,13; 3:15; 5:14 etc. | ଠାକୁର | Reserved for divine referent only — see #4. |
| 4 | lord (human, husband) | ସ୍ୱାମୀ | Swāmī | High | Submission to Authority | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:6 | ପ୍ରଭୁ | κύριος of Abraham (Sarah’s address) is a human referent; using ପ୍ରଭୁ here would blur baseline’s Christ-exclusive reservation. Every κύριος occurrence must be checked for referent before rendering. |
| 5 | Jesus | ଯୀଶୁ | Yīśu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | (baseline reuse) | throughout | ଈସା | Established Odia Christian form. |
| 6 | Christ | ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ | Khrīṣṭa | Critical | Deity of Christ | (baseline reuse) | throughout | — | Standard transliteration. |
| 7 | Holy Spirit | ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା | Pabitra Ātmā | Critical | Sanctification | (baseline reuse) | 1:2,12; 3:18(disputed); 4:14 | ପରମାତ୍ମା | Never ପରମାତ୍ମା. |
| 8 | grace | କୃପା | Kṛpā | High | Grace | (baseline reuse) | 1:2,10,13; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5,10,12 | କର୍ମଫଳ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ | Unmerited; contrast seba/bhoga-conditioned favor. |
| 9 | mercy | ଦୟା | Dayā | High | Grace (adjacent) | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:3; 2:10 | କୃପା | Must stay lexically distinct from grace (κρπα); ἔλεος ≠ χάρις. |
| 10 | faith | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ | Biśwāsa | High | Faith | (baseline reuse) | 1:5,7,9,21; 5:9 etc. | ଭକ୍ତି | Never ଭକ୍ତି. |
| 11 | righteousness | ଧାର୍ମିକତା | Dhārmikatā | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | (baseline reuse) | 2:24; 3:14,18 | ଧର୍ମ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ | Never ଧର୍ମ. |
| 12 | salvation | ପରିତ୍ରାଣ | Paritrāṇa | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (baseline reuse) | 1:5,9,10; 2:2; 3:20,21; 4:18 | ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି | Never ମୋକ୍ଷ/ମୁକ୍ତି. |
| 13 | resurrection | ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ | Punarutthāna | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (baseline reuse) | 1:3; 3:21 | ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ | Never ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ. |
| 14 | born again / new birth | ନୂତନ ଜନ୍ମ | Nūtana janma | Critical | New Birth (Regeneration) | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:3,23 | ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ | Single highest-risk false-friend in the book — never ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ (reincarnation). Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| 15 | living hope | ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଆଶା | Jībanta āśā | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:3 | କେବଳ ଆଶା | Distinct from fatalistic/uncertain hope qualified by ଭାଗ୍ୟ or karmic outcome. |
| 16 | hope | ଆଶା | Āśā | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:3,13,21; 3:15 | — | Low-risk standalone; weight carried by “living” modifier. |
| 17 | inheritance | ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାର | Uttarādhikāra | High | Adoption (baseline-linked) | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:4 | — | Contrast hereditary caste-linked seba rights; available to all by new birth. |
| 18 | imperishable / unfading | ଅନାଶ୍ୱର / ଅକ୍ଷୟ | Anāśvara / Akṣaya | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:4,23 | ଅମର | Reject ଅମର (evokes deity-immortality epithets). |
| 19 | power of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ | Parameśwaraṅka Sāmarthya | High | Power of God for Salvation | (baseline reuse) | 1:5 | ଶକ୍ତି | Never ଶକ୍ତି (Shakta collision). |
| 20 | trial (testing) | ପରୀକ୍ଷା | Parīkṣā | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:6; 4:12 | — | Distinguish from self-chosen merit-earning tapasya. |
| 21 | tested genuineness (of faith) | ପରୀକ୍ଷିତ ଗୁଣ | Parīkṣita guṇa | Medium–High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:7 | — | Genuineness revealed, not merit earned. |
| 22 | glory | ମହିମା | Mahimā | High | Deity of Christ / Living Hope | (baseline reuse) | 1:7,8,11,21,24; 2:12,20; 4:11,13,14,16; 5:1,4,10 | ତେଜ | Avoid light-only imagery. |
| 23 | revelation (of Christ/2nd coming) | ପ୍ରକାଶ | Prakāśa | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:5,7,13; 4:13; 5:1 | ଆବିର୍ଭାବ (with care) | Avoid avatarana-style repeated-descent connotation. |
| 24 | love | ପ୍ରେମ | Prema | Medium | Christlike Endurance / Elders and Humility | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:8,22; 2:17; 3:8; 4:8 | ଭକ୍ତି | Keep distinct from bhakti devotional love/surrender. |
| 25 | soul(s) | ପ୍ରାଣ | Prāṇa | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:9,22; 2:11,25; 3:20; 4:19 | ଆତ୍ମା, ଜୀବ | Never ଆତ୍ମା (reserved for Holy Spirit) or ଜୀବ (transmigrating self). |
| 26 | outcome / goal (τέλος) | ପରିଣାମ / ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ | Pariṇāma / Lakṣya | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:9; 4:7 | ଫଳ | Avoid karmic-fruit connotation of ଫଳ. |
| 27 | prophets | ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା | Bhabiṣyadbaktā | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | (baseline reuse) | 1:10 | ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷୀ | — |
| 28 | elect / chosen | ମନୋନୀତ | Manonīta | High | Divine Calling | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:1,2; 2:4,6,9 | — | Root shared with baseline’s ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ (election). |
| 29 | sojourners / exiles | ପ୍ରବାସୀ | Pravāsī | High | Christian Identity (baseline-linked) | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:1,17; 2:11 | ବିଦେଶୀ | Distinct from temporary pilgrimage (yātrā) identity. |
| 30 | foreknowledge | ପୂର୍ବଜ୍ଞାନ | Pūrvajñāna | High | Providence (baseline-linked) | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:2,20 | — | Distinguish from astrology/fate. |
| 31 | sanctification (of Spirit) | ପବିତ୍ରୀକରଣ | Pabitrīkaraṇa | High | Holiness in Conduct | (baseline reuse) | 1:2 | ଶୁଦ୍ଧିକରଣ | — |
| 32 | blood (of Christ) / sprinkling | ରକ୍ତ / ଛିଞ୍ଚନ | Rakta / Chhinchana | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:2,19 | — | Distinguish from repeated Shakta blood-offering ritual. |
| 33 | holy | ପବିତ୍ର | Pabitra | High | Holiness in Conduct | (baseline reuse) | 1:15,16; 2:5,9; 3:5 | ଶୁଦ୍ଧ | — |
| 34 | redeemed / ransomed | ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଦେଇ ଉଦ୍ଧାର / ଉଦ୍ଧାର | Mūlya dei uddhāra / Uddhāra | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:18 | ମୁକ୍ତି, ମୁକ୍ତ | Never any ମୁକ୍ତି-rooted word — direct extension of baseline’s salvation caution. |
| 35 | futile ancestral way of life | ପିତୃ-ପରମ୍ପରାରୁ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ଅସାର ଆଚରଣ | Pitṛ-paramparāru prāpta asāra āchāraṇa | High | Holiness in Conduct | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:18 | — | Handle with pastoral sensitivity re: Odia ancestral religious identity. |
| 36 | lamb without blemish | ମେଣ୍ଢା ଛୁଆ ନିଖୁନ୍ତ | Meṇḍhā chhuā nikhunta | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:19 | — | Passover typology; distinguish from repeated Shakta sacrifice. |
| 37 | word of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ବାକ୍ୟ | Parameśwaraṅka Bākya | Medium | Inspiration of Scripture | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:23,25 | — | — |
| 38 | living stone(s) | ଜୀବନ୍ତ ପ୍ରସ୍ତର | Jībanta prastara | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:4,5 | — | Consistent “living” vocabulary with 1:3. |
| 39 | spiritual house | ଆତ୍ମିକ ଗୃହ | Ātmika gṛha | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:5 | — | — |
| 40 | (holy/royal) priesthood | ପୁରୋହିତବର୍ଗ | Purohitabarga | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:5,9 | — | Contrast with hereditary caste priesthood (Puri sevayat families). |
| 41 | spiritual sacrifices | ଆତ୍ମିକ ବଳିଦାନ | Ātmika balidāna | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:5 | — | Non-material offerings, not food/animal bhoga. |
| 42 | chosen race / holy nation / God’s own people | ମନୋନୀତ ଲୋକସମୂହ / ପବିତ୍ର ଜାତି / ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ନିଜ ଲୋକ | Manonīta lokasamūha / Pabitra jāti / Parameśwaraṅka nija loka | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:9 | ବଂଶ (avoid) | ଜାତି must be footnoted against caste-meaning collision. |
| 43 | submit / be subject to | ଅଧୀନ ହୁଅ | Adhīna huā | High | Submission to Authority | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:13,18; 3:1,5; 5:5 | — | Distinguish from svadharma caste/gender-duty submission. |
| 44 | suffer(ing) | ଦୁଃଖ ଭୋଗ / ଦୁଃଖଭୋଗ | Duḥkha bhoga / Duḥkhabhoga | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (new — 1 Peter) | 1:11; 2:19-21,23; 3:14,17,18; 4:1,13,15,19; 5:1,9,10 | କ୍ଲେଶ | Never କ୍ଲେଶ (Yogic/Vedantic afflictions term). |
| 45 | bore our sins on the tree | ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପାପ ବହନ କଲେ | Āmbhamānaṅka pāpa bahana kalē | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:24 | — | Direct penal-substitution statement; render at full force. |
| 46 | by his wounds healed | ତାହାଙ୍କ କ୍ଷତ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ | Tāhāṅka kṣata dwārā ārogya | Medium–High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:24 | — | Contextualize as spiritual, not guaranteed physical, healing. |
| 47 | shepherd and overseer of souls | ପ୍ରାଣର ପାଳକ ଓ ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ | Prāṇara pālaka o adhyakṣa | Medium | Elders and Humility (Christological anchor) | (new — 1 Peter) | 2:25 | — | Avoid Krishna-cowherd (Gopāla) devotional overtone. |
| 48 | gentle and quiet spirit (disposition) | ମୃଦୁ ଓ ଶାନ୍ତ ମନୋଭାବ | Mṛdu o śānta manōbhāba | High | Submission to Authority | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:4 | ଆତ୍ମା (avoid) | πνεῦμα = human disposition here, not Holy Spirit or Vedantic ātman. |
| 49 | joint heirs of the grace of life | ଜୀବନର କୃପାର ସହ-ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାରୀ | Jībanara kṛpāra saha-uttarādhikārī | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood (adjacent) | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:7 | — | — |
| 50 | humility | ନମ୍ରତା | Namratā | High | Elders and Humility | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:8; 5:5,6 | — | Relational disposition flowing from grace, not merit-earning austerity. |
| 51 | sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts | ହୃଦୟରେ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭୁ ବୋଲି ପବିତ୍ର ମାନ | Hṛdayarē Khrīṣṭaṅku Prabhu boli pabitra māna | Critical | Lordship of Christ / Holiness in Conduct | (new — 1 Peter, compound of two baseline-Critical terms) | 3:15 | — | Same non-negotiable consistency standard as Romans 10:9. |
| 52 | good conscience | ସୁବିବେକ | Subibeka | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:16,21 | — | — |
| 53 | once for all (suffered) | ଏକ ଥର ପାଇଁ | Eka thara pāiṇ | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:18 | — | Never suggest repeatability. |
| 54 | spirits in prison / proclaimed | ବନ୍ଦୀ ଆତ୍ମାମାନଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ ପ୍ରଚାର | Bandī ātmāmānaṅka nikaṭarē pracāra | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:19 | — | Never evoke śrāddha/bhūta-preta folk categories. Mandatory theologian review; footnote scholarly options. |
| 55 | baptism | ବାପ୍ତିସ୍ମ | Bāptisma | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | (new — 1 Peter) | 3:21 | — | Not ritual purificatory bathing (Snana Yatra collision). |
| 56 | idolatry | ପ୍ରତିମା ପୂଜା / ମୂର୍ତ୍ତିପୂଜା | Pratimā pūjā / Mūrtipūjā | Critical | Holiness in Conduct | (new — 1 Peter) | 4:3 | — | Render generically; do not name Jagannath worship specifically. |
| 57 | steward / stewardship | ପରିଚାଳକ | Paricālaka | Medium | Spiritual Gifts (baseline-linked) | (new — 1 Peter) | 4:10 | — | Shares root with baseline ପରିଚାଳନା (providence). |
| 58 | Christian (name) | ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟିୟାନ | Khrīṣṭiyāna | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | (new — 1 Peter) | 4:16 | — | Keep transliterated. |
| 59 | household of God | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିବାର | Parameśwaraṅka paribāra | Medium | Church as God’s People (baseline-linked) | (new — 1 Peter) | 4:17 | ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ | Never ମନ୍ଦିର/ଦେଉଳ. |
| 60 | Creator (faithful) | ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା | Sraṣṭā | Medium | Providence (baseline-linked) | (new — 1 Peter) | 4:19 | — | Contextual, not conflicting with baseline’s ପିତା guidance. |
| 61 | elder | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ | Prāchīna | High | Elders and Humility | (new — 1 Peter) | 5:1,5 | — | Distinguish from village-council/hereditary-priestly elder authority. |
| 62 | domineering / lording over | ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ୱ ଦେଖାଇ ଶାସନ କରିବା | Prabhutva dekhāi śāsana karibā | High | Elders and Humility | (new — 1 Peter) | 5:3 | — | Warns elders against usurping Christ’s exclusive ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ୱ. |
| 63 | chief Shepherd | ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପାଳକ | Mukhya pālaka | Medium | Elders and Humility | (new — 1 Peter) | 5:4 | — | Exclusive Christ-title above under-shepherds. |
| 64 | crown of glory | ମହିମାର ମୁକୁଟ | Mahimāra mukuṭa | Medium | Elders and Humility | (new — 1 Peter) | 5:4 | — | Eschatological, not earthly-coronation imagery. |
| 65 | devil / adversary | ଶୟତାନ | Śayatāna | Medium–High | Christlike Endurance | (new — 1 Peter) | 5:8 | ପିଶାଚ, ଭୂତ | Never ପିଶାଚ/ଭୂତ (folk-ghost collision). |
| 66 | spiritual gifts | ଆତ୍ମିକ ଦାନ | Ātmika dāna | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | (baseline reuse) | 4:10 | ବର | — |
| 67 | peace | ଶାନ୍ତି | Śānti | Medium | Peace with God | (baseline reuse) | 1:2; 5:14 | — | — |
| 68 | church / household community | ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ | Maṇḍaḷī | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | (baseline reuse, contextual — 1 Peter does not use ἐκκλησία but the doctrine applies) | (doctrinal, not lexical) | ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ | Never ମନ୍ଦିର/ଦେଉଳ. |
| 69 | election / divine calling | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ / ଆହ୍ୱାନ | Parameśwaraṅka Manonayana / Āhwāna | High | Divine Calling | (baseline reuse) | 1:15; 2:9,21; 3:9; 5:10 | ଭାଗ୍ୟ, ନିୟତି | — |
| 70 | obedience | ଆଜ୍ଞାବହତା | Ājñābahatā | High | Christlike Endurance | (baseline reuse, noun form) | 1:2,14,22; 3:6 | ଧାର୍ମିକ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ | Root shared with baseline ବିଶ୍ୱାସର ଆଜ୍ଞାବହତା. |
Chapters Reviewed — Coverage Confirmation
| Chapter | Status |
|---|---|
| 1 Peter 1 | Core passage (1:3–9) treated verse-by-verse; remainder (1:1–2, 1:10–25) treated in full — new terms: elect exiles, foreknowledge, sprinkling of blood, new birth, living hope, inheritance, imperishable/unfading, redeemed, ancestral futility, lamb without blemish, word of God. |
| 1 Peter 2 | Full chapter treated — new terms: living stones, spiritual house, royal priesthood, holy nation, submission, suffering, substitutionary bearing of sin, healing by wounds, shepherd/overseer of souls. |
| 1 Peter 3 | Full chapter treated, including the exegetically complex 3:18–22 (Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits) — new terms: gentle/quiet spirit (disposition), human “lord” (husband), joint heirs, humility, sanctify Christ as Lord, once-for-all, spirits in prison, baptism. |
| 1 Peter 4 | Full chapter treated — new terms: idolatry, gospel preached to the dead, love covers sins, stewardship, fiery trial, Christian (name), household of God, faithful Creator. |
| 1 Peter 5 | Full chapter treated — new terms: elder, domineering/lording over, chief Shepherd, crown of glory, humility (reprised), devil/adversary. |
No chapter of 1 Peter was found to introduce zero new theological vocabulary; all five chapters contributed load-bearing terms requiring risk assessment.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର
Transliteration: Parameśwara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର, ଭଗବାନ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ଠାକୁର (Jagannath-specific devotional name) or ଭଗବାନ (generic deity term). Used throughout 1 Peter (1:2,3,5,21; 2:4,10,16,17,19,20; 3:4,5,18,21,22; 4:2,6,10,11,14,16,17,19; 5:2,5,10,12).
Father
Approved rendering: ପିତା
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relational and personal, not the more distant, abstract ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା. Used at 1 Peter 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 (contrast with ‘faithful Creator’ ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା at 4:19, a distinct new term for a different semantic domain).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: Pabitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ପରମାତ୍ମା
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ପରମାତ୍ମା. Used at 1 Peter 1:2, 1:12; disputed reference at 3:18; 4:14. Must be kept clearly distinct from the human ‘gentle and quiet spirit’ (3:4, new term gentle_and_quiet_spirit) and from Christ’s own Spirit (see spirit_of_christ, new term).
Lord
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never ଠାକୁର — the everyday devotional name for Jagannath specifically (as in ‘ବଡ଼ ଠାକୁର’). Reserved exclusively for the divine referent (Christ/God) at 1 Peter 1:3, 1:25; 2:3,13; 3:15; 5:14 etc. CAUTION new to this book: κύριος also occurs with a human referent at 3:6 (Sarah calling Abraham ‘lord’) — that occurrence must use the new term human_lord (ସ୍ୱାମୀ), never ପ୍ରଭୁ. Every κύριος occurrence must be checked for referent before rendering.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ଯୀଶୁ
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଈସା
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. ଯୀଶୁ is the Odia Christian standard; never ଈସା. Used throughout 1 Peter.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL: never ଧର୍ମ. Used at 1 Peter 2:24, 3:14, 3:18 — the title doctrine ‘Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake’ compounds this term with the new term suffering (ଦୁଃଖ ଭୋଗ).
Salvation
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: paritrāṇa
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL: never ମୋକ୍ଷ or ମୁକ୍ତି. Used at 1 Peter 1:5,9,10; 2:2; 3:20,21; 4:18. See also the new term redeemed_ransomed, which is even more exposed to the ମୁକ୍ତି collision than this term itself.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL: never ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ. Used at 1 Peter 1:3, 3:21. Grounds both the letter’s living hope (1:3) and the meaning of baptism (3:21). Must be kept sharply distinct from the new term new_birth (ନୂତନ ଜନ୍ମ), which names a different Greek word (ἀναγεννάω) but carries the identical forbidden-substitution risk (ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ଦେହଧାରଣ
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାର
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL: never ଅବତାର; also guard against Nabakalebara imagery. Relevant to 1 Peter 1:20’s φανερωθέντος (‘manifested/made visible in these last times’), which names Christ’s historical, once-for-all appearing — the same event this doctrine protects — not a repeatable divine descent.
Christ
Approved rendering: ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New term — 1 Peter (established Odia Christian transliteration, not present as its own key in the Romans baseline TM). Used throughout, both within ‘Jesus Christ’ and standing alone (e.g. sufferings/glories of Christ, 1:11). Keep distinct from baseline’s separate messiah entry (ମସୀହା), which names the OT-promised-deliverer concept rather than this NT proper-name usage; the two are not interchangeable.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: ହୃଦୟରେ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭୁ ବୋଲି ପବିତ୍ର ମାନ
Transliteration: Hṛdayarē Khrīṣṭaṅku Prabhu boli pabitra māna
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
Category: Christology
New term — 1 Peter 3:15. Pairs two baseline Critical/High terms (ପ୍ରଭୁ, ପବିତ୍ର) in one confessional clause, paralleling Romans 10:9’s ‘Jesus is Lord’ confession in weight. Must be rendered with the same non-negotiable, verbatim-consistent standard the baseline mandates for that verse.
New Birth
Approved rendering: ନୂତନ ଜନ୍ମ
Transliteration: Nūtana janma
Doctrine: New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:3, 1:23 (ἀναγεννάω). CRITICAL — the single highest-risk false-friend in this book. NEVER ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ, the standard Odia/Hindu word for reincarnation, the soul’s repeated return to a new body across the karmic cycle — the theological opposite of a one-time, permanent new origin of life. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Redeemed Ransomed
Approved rendering: ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଦେଇ ଉଦ୍ଧାର / ଉଦ୍ଧାର
Transliteration: Mūlya dei uddhāra / Uddhāra
Doctrine: Redemption by the Blood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ମୁକ୍ତି, ମୁକ୍ତ
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:18-19 (λυτρόω). CRITICAL — more exposed to collision than ‘salvation’ itself, because ମୁକ୍ତି/ମୁକ୍ତ is the default word an untrained translator would reach for to render ‘ransomed/freed,’ but it shares the root the baseline explicitly forbids for salvation (moksha/liberation-from-rebirth association). NEVER use any ମୁକ୍ତି-rooted term. Mandatory theologian review.
Once For All
Approved rendering: ଏକ ଥର ପାଇଁ
Transliteration: Eka thara pāiṇ
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 3:18 (ἅπαξ). This adverb is doctrinally load-bearing; never allow a rendering suggesting repeatability, which would collide with regional patterns of repeated ritual offering (Shakta blood-sacrifice, seba, Jagannath bhoga). Must never be dropped for stylistic economy.
Bore Our Sins On The Tree
Approved rendering: ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପାପ ବହନ କଲେ
Transliteration: Āmbhamānaṅka pāpa bahana kalē
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
New term — 1 Peter 2:24 (αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον), the letter’s clearest penal-substitutionary statement. Render with κ୍ରୁଶ (established term for the cross) for ξύλον. Must be rendered at full doctrinal force — never softened to ‘suffered because of’ or ‘suffered alongside.’ Mandatory theologian review.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: ପୁରୋହିତବର୍ଗ
Transliteration: Purohitabarga
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 2:5,9 (ἱεράτευμα; ρασιλειον ἱεράτευμα for ‘royal’). CRITICAL: intersects directly with Odisha’s most visible religious institution — the hereditary, caste-linked seba priesthood of the Puri Jagannath temple (Daitapati, Pandaa, Sevayat lineage families). Peter’s priesthood is the theological opposite: every believer, of any caste/background, is part of this priestly body. Mandatory theologian review.
Chosen Race Holy Nation
Approved rendering: ମନୋନୀତ ଲୋକସମୂହ / ପବିତ୍ର ଜାତି / ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ନିଜ ଲୋକ
Transliteration: Manonīta lokasamūha / Pabitra jāti / Parameśwaraṅka nija loka
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ବଂଶ
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν, ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 2:9 (γένος ἐκλεκτόν, ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν, echoing Exodus 19:6). CRITICAL: ଜାତି in everyday Odia primarily means ‘caste’; here it must be understood as ‘nation/people-group,’ not a caste designation, and should carry a translator’s note distinguishing it from India’s caste system. Avoid ବଂଶ (suggests hereditary lineage). Mandatory theologian review.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରତିମା ପୂଜା / ମୂର୍ତ୍ତିପୂଜା
Transliteration: Pratimā pūjā / Mūrtipūjā
Doctrine: Separation from Idolatry and the Former Way of Life
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
New term — 1 Peter 4:3 (εἰδωλολατρία). CRITICAL cultural-sensitivity flag: direct doctrinal condemnation of a practice-category central and pervasive to Odia religious life. Render with full doctrinal honesty while never naming or singling out Jagannath, Balabhadra, or Subhadra specifically. Mandatory theologian and native-speaker review.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: ବନ୍ଦୀ ଆତ୍ମାମାନଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ ପ୍ରଚାର
Transliteration: Bandī ātmāmānaṅka nikaṭarē pracāra
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
New term — 1 Peter 3:19-20 (πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ). CRITICAL — highest interpretive-difficulty term in the book. Must never be rendered or footnoted in a way suggesting Christ performing a rite analogous to śrāddha (ancestor-veneration) or evoking bhūta-preta folk belief. A unique, one-time proclamation, not an ongoing means of ministering to the dead. Mandatory theologian review with footnoted scholarly options.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ସୁସମାଚାର
Transliteration: susamācāra
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ଖବର
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17. Must be distinguished from Odisha’s own devotional-literary tradition (the Panchasakha poets’ Odia Bhagavata); this gospel names one specific historical announcement, salvation through the crucified and risen Christ.
Grace
Approved rendering: କୃପା
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: କର୍ମଫଳ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12. Must not be conflated with the ritual-offering economy of Jagannath devotion (seba, bhoga offerings, pilgrimage merit). 1 Peter uses a distinct neighboring term ଦୟା (mercy, ἔλεος, new term) which must never collapse into this word.
Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ
Transliteration: biśwāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:5,7,9,21; 5:9. Never ଭକ୍ତି, especially given 1:8’s point that believers love and trust Christ without having seen him, unlike darshan-centered devotion.
Holy
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର
Transliteration: pabitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:15,16; 2:5,9; 3:5. Never ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (ritual-purity connotation).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ରୀକରଣ
Transliteration: pabitrīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧିକରଣ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:2. Distinguish from the elaborate ritual purity protocols surrounding Jagannath temple worship.
Sin
Approved rendering: ପାପ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ଅଧର୍ମ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 2:22,24; 4:1,8,18. Distinguish from ritual impurity or impersonal bad karma.
Glory
Approved rendering: ମହିମା
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ତେଜ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used extensively: 1:7,8,11,21,24; 2:12,20; 4:11,13,14,16; 5:1,4,10. Avoid light-only imagery.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସର ଆଜ୍ଞାବହତା
Transliteration: biśwāsara ājñābahatā
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ଧାର୍ମିକ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant at 1 Peter 1:2 (‘for obedience to Jesus Christ’). See also the new term obedience (ଆଜ୍ଞାବହତା alone), the noun root shared by both, used at 1:14, 1:22, 3:6.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ଶକ୍ତି
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:5. Never ଶକ୍ତି (Shakta divine-feminine power association).
Covenant
Approved rendering: ନିୟମ
Transliteration: niyama
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ଚୁକ୍ତି
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Background term for the covenant-ratification imagery underlying the new term blood_sprinkling (1 Peter 1:2, echoing Exodus 24:8).
Election
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Manonayana
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, ନିୟତି
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlying doctrine for 1 Peter’s Divine Calling and Election cluster (1:1-2, 2:9, 5:10). See also the new adjectival term elect_chosen (ମନୋନୀତ), built on the same root.
Calling
Approved rendering: ଆହ୍ୱାନ
Transliteration: āhwāna
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Noun form; pairs with baseline’s ଆହୂତ (called).
Called
Approved rendering: ଆହୂତ
Transliteration: āhūta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରିତ
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Context-sensitive across several senses in 1 Peter: called to holiness (1:15), out of darkness into light (2:9), to follow Christ’s example (2:21), to bless (3:9), to eternal glory (5:10). Check which sense is active per occurrence.
Providence
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Paricāḷanā
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, କର୍ମର ନିୟମ
Original: cf. entrusting souls to a faithful Creator (4:19); God’s own restoring work (5:10-11)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant at 1 Peter 4:19 (entrusting souls to a faithful Creator) and 5:10-11 (the God of all grace who will restore you). Must not be read through ଭାଗ୍ୟ (fate) or impersonal karma.
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭaṅka Ātmā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Prophecy
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: God
New term — 1 Peter. 1 Peter 1:11 — the Spirit who inspired the OT prophets, identified as Christ’s own Spirit. Must be explicitly identified with ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା, never read as a separate, lesser spirit — a live risk given Odia religious vocabulary’s readiness to personify multiple distinct spirit-beings.
Human Lord
Approved rendering: ସ୍ୱାମୀ
Transliteration: Swāmī
Doctrine: Marriage Roles and Mutual Honor
Rejected alternatives: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Original: κύριος (of Abraham, 3:6)
Category: Household Ethics
New term — 1 Peter. 1 Peter 3:6, Sarah calling Abraham ‘lord’ (κύριος, human/household sense). Must never be rendered ପ୍ରଭୁ, which the baseline/this package reserves exclusively for Christ’s/God’s divine Lordship; using ପ୍ରଭୁ here would blur that Critical distinction. This is the only occurrence in the letter where κύριος does not refer to Christ/God — mandatory referent-check before rendering.
Domineering Lording Over
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ୱ ଦେଖାଇ ଶାସନ କରିବା
Transliteration: Prabhutva dekhāi śāsana karibā
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύοντες
Category: Christology
New term — 1 Peter 5:3 (κατακυριεύοντες, sharing the κύριος/ପ୍ରଭୁ root). A pointed prohibition against elders arrogating to themselves the exclusive-lordship language reserved for Christ. The rendering must preserve this wordplay-warning; do not substitute an unrelated verb for ‘domineer.‘
Mercy
Approved rendering: ଦୟା
Transliteration: Dayā
Doctrine: Mercy
Rejected alternatives: କୃପା
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:3, 2:10 (ἔλεος). Must be kept lexically distinct from କୃପା (grace, χάρις, baseline). 1 Peter uses both as distinct terms in close proximity (1:2-3); collapsing them into one Odia word erases Peter’s own vocabulary distinction between compassion shown to the needy and unmerited favor shown to the guilty.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଆଶା
Transliteration: Jībanta āśā
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: କେବଳ ଆଶା
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:3. The ‘living’ modifier is doctrinally load-bearing and must never be dropped. Distinguish from the fatalistic, karma-qualified hope of everyday Odia religious speech (ଭାଗ୍ୟ).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାର
Transliteration: Uttarādhikāra
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:4. Readily evokes hereditary, caste-linked rights in Odisha, including the hereditary seba (temple-service) rights of Puri’s priestly families passed strictly by birth-lineage. Peter’s inheritance is given to every believer by new birth, regardless of caste or lineage.
Imperishable Unfading
Approved rendering: ଅନାଶ୍ୱର / ଅକ୍ଷୟ
Transliteration: Anāśvara / Akṣaya
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: ଅମର
Original: ἄφθαρτος, ἀμάραντος
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:4, 1:23. Reject ଅମର (‘immortal’) — a common Sanskrit-derived epithet for deities/heavenly beings (as in ‘amara loka’) that would suggest generic divine-immortality rather than Christ-secured permanence.
Soul
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: Prāṇa
Doctrine: Soul and Salvation of the Person
Rejected alternatives: ଆତ୍ମା, ଜୀବ
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19 (ψυχή). Never ଆତ୍ମା (reserved for ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା, the Holy Spirit) and never ଜୀବ (the Vedantic/Jain term for the individual soul bound to transmigration awaiting moksha). This is a personal, once-secured destiny, not a jīva cycling through successive embodiments. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Obedience
Approved rendering: ଆଜ୍ଞାବହତା
Transliteration: Ājñābahatā
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ଧାର୍ମିକ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
New term — 1 Peter 1:2, 1:14, 1:22, 3:6 (ὑπακοή). The noun root underlying baseline’s ବିଶ୍ୱାସର ଆଜ୍ଞାବହତା. Must not collapse into ritual-service obligation (seba dharma) or duty-based compliance that builds standing before God.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: ପରୀକ୍ଷା
Transliteration: Parīkṣā
Doctrine: Testing and Refinement of Faith
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
New term — 1 Peter 1:6 (πειρασμός). Must be distinguished from Hindu tapasya — self-chosen ascetic austerity undertaken to earn spiritual merit. Peter’s trials are God-permitted and God-purposed for refining a faith already given.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: ପରୀକ୍ଷିତ ଗୁଣ
Transliteration: Parīkṣita guṇa
Doctrine: Testing and Refinement of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Faith
New term — 1 Peter 1:7 (δοκίμιον). Must avoid any suggestion that testedness itself earns merit or status; the value lies in genuineness revealed by God’s testing, guarding against a works-righteousness reading.
Suffering
Approved rendering: ଦୁଃଖ ଭୋଗ / ଦୁଃଖଭୋଗ
Transliteration: Duḥkha bhoga / Duḥkhabhoga
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: କ୍ଲେଶ
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Suffering
New term — pervasive throughout the letter (πάσχω/πάθημα; e.g. 2:19-23, 3:14-18, 4:1, 4:13-19, 5:1,9-10). NEVER use the standalone philosophical term କ୍ଲେଶ (kleśa), the Yogic/Vedantic term for the afflictions binding the self to saṃsāra. Peter’s suffering is permitted by a personal, sovereign God for a purpose, to be endured with hope of vindication, not escaped through detachment.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରକାଶ
Transliteration: Prakāśa
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ଆବିର୍ଭାବ
Original: ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term — 1 Peter 1:5,7,13; 4:13; 5:1 (ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ). Keep consistent across all occurrences. Avoid vocabulary suggesting avatarana-style repeated divine descent, paralleling baseline’s incarnation caution.
Elect Chosen
Approved rendering: ମନୋନୀତ
Transliteration: Manonīta
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, ନିୟତି
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Divine Calling
New term — 1 Peter 1:1, 2:4,6,9 (ἐκλεκτός). Built on the same root as baseline’s ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ (election). Must be kept distinct from ଭାଗ୍ୟ/ନିୟତି (fate/destiny).
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରବାସୀ
Transliteration: Pravāsī
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners
Rejected alternatives: ବିଦେଶୀ
Original: πάροικοι, παρεπίδημοι
Category: Divine Calling
New term — 1 Peter 1:1, 1:17, 2:11 (πάροικοι, παρεπίδημοι). Must be distinguished from pilgrimage (yātrā) to Puri, a temporary devotional journey with an expected return to ordinary settled life. Peter’s exile identity is the believer’s permanent condition throughout the present age.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: ପୂର୍ବଜ୍ଞାନ
Transliteration: Pūrvajñāna
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: Providence
New term — 1 Peter 1:2, 1:20 (πρόγνωσις). Must be kept distinct from astrological foreknowledge/horoscope prediction, a live cultural practice in Odisha, and from the impersonal unfolding of fate (ଭାଗ୍ୟ).
Blood Sprinkling
Approved rendering: ରକ୍ତ ଛିଞ୍ଚନ
Transliteration: Rakta Chhinchana
Doctrine: Redemption by the Blood of Christ
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
New term — 1 Peter 1:2 (ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος, echoing Exodus 24:8). Odisha’s living Shakta tradition (Maa Tarini, Maa Samaleswari) includes blood offerings presented repeatedly to appease or honor a deity; Peter’s sprinkling is a once-for-all, already-accomplished act establishing covenant standing, not a repeated offering.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: ମେଣ୍ଢା ଛୁଆ ନିଖୁନ୍ତ
Transliteration: Meṇḍhā chhuā nikhunta
Doctrine: Redemption by the Blood of Christ
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
New term — 1 Peter 1:19 (ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος). Passover/Levitical sacrificial typology; distinguish from repeated regional Shakta shrine sacrifice practices — Christ’s sacrifice is unrepeatable and fully sufficient.
By His Wounds Healed
Approved rendering: ତାହାଙ୍କ କ୍ଷତ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Tāhāṅka kṣata dwārā ārogya
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἰάθητε
Category: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
New term — 1 Peter 2:24 (Isaiah 53:5). Must be contextualized as spiritual healing from sin’s guilt and power, not a promise of guaranteed physical healing — real pastoral stakes given Odisha’s cultural expectation of physical healing sought through vows/offerings at shrines.
Futile Ancestral Way Of Life
Approved rendering: ପିତୃ-ପରମ୍ପରାରୁ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ଅସାର ଆଚରଣ
Transliteration: Pitṛ-paramparāru prāpta asāra āchāraṇa
Doctrine: Separation from Idolatry and the Former Way of Life
Original: πατροπαράδοτος…μάταιος ἀναστροφή
Category: Holiness in Conduct
New term — 1 Peter 1:18 (πατροπαράδοτος…ματαία ἀναστροφή). Extremely sensitive given Odisha’s deep intergenerational Jagannath-devotional identity. Render with full doctrinal honesty while never naming or singling out any specific local tradition. Theologian and native-speaker review required.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: ଆତ୍ମିକ ବଳିଦାନ
Transliteration: Ātmika balidāna
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: θυσίαι πνευματικαί
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 2:5 (θυσίαι πνευματικαί). Must be distinguished from the daily bhoga food-offerings presented at the Puri Jagannath temple by hereditary ritual specialists on behalf of others; these sacrifices are offered directly by every believer.
Submit Be Subject
Approved rendering: ଅଧୀନ ହୁଅ
Transliteration: Adhīna huā
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household Ethics
New term — 1 Peter 2:13,18; 3:1,5; 5:5 (ὑποτάσσω). Must be distinguished from svadharma — submission/duty fixed by birth-station as an unchosen cosmic obligation. Peter’s submission is voluntary, chosen ‘for the Lord’s sake’ by persons explicitly called free (2:16), redemptive-witness-directed, and bounded (never extending to sin). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence, especially 2:18-20 and 3:1-6.
Gentle And Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: ମୃଦୁ ଓ ଶାନ୍ତ ମନୋଭାବ
Transliteration: Mṛdu o śānta manōbhāba
Doctrine: Marriage Roles and Mutual Honor
Rejected alternatives: ଆତ୍ମା
Original: πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα
Category: Household Ethics
New term — 1 Peter 3:4 (πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα). This πνεῦμα is human disposition, not the Holy Spirit; avoid any construction using ଆତ୍ମା to prevent confusion with ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା or the philosophical ātman of Vedantic monism.
Humility
Approved rendering: ନମ୍ରତା
Transliteration: Namratā
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινός
Category: Elders and Humility
New term — 1 Peter 3:8, 5:5-6 (ταπεινοφροσύνη/ταπεινός). Odia devotional culture often expresses humility through visible ascetic self-abasement undertaken to accumulate merit; Peter’s humility is a relational posture flowing from grace already received (5:5), not a merit-earning discipline.
Elder
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଚୀନ
Transliteration: Prāchīna
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Elders and Humility
New term — 1 Peter 5:1,5 (πρεσβύτερος). Risks collapsing into informal caste-council/village-elder authority or Puri’s hereditary priestly-elder hierarchy (age-within-lineage). The NT elder is a recognized spiritual office exercised by service and example. Native-speaker and theologian review together.
Devil Adversary
Approved rendering: ଶୟତାନ
Transliteration: Śayatāna
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: ପିଶାଚ, ଭୂତ
Original: διάβολος
Category: Sin
New term — 1 Peter 5:8-9 (διάβολος). Never ପିଶାଚ or ଭୂତ, Odia folk-religious terms for malevolent ghosts/spirits (bhūta-preta), which would collapse the personal, singular Adversary of Scripture into generic folk-demonology.
Baptism
Approved rendering: ବାପ୍ତିସ୍ମ
Transliteration: Bāptisma
Doctrine: Baptism as Appeal to God
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
New term — 1 Peter 3:21 (βάπτισμα, established transliteration). This verse explicitly denies baptism is ritual bodily cleansing — directly relevant given Odisha’s major visible ritual-bathing practices (Puri Snana Yatra; river/tank bathing at sites such as Narendra Tank). Preserve Peter’s own explicit contrast intact.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ଶାନ୍ତି
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ମନ ଶାନ୍ତି
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:2, 5:14 (opening and closing benediction). Distinguish from the inner calm sought through pilgrimage or devotional ritual.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ଆତ୍ମିକ ଦାନ
Transliteration: ātmika dāna
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: ବର
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 4:10 (χάρισμα). Never ବର alone (a deity’s boon).
Church
Approved rendering: ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter does not use ἐκκλησία directly, but the doctrine applies corporately (esp. 2:4-10, 4:17). Never ମନ୍ଦିର or ଦେଉଳ — the latter specifically names the Puri Jagannath temple.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ବିଦେଶୀ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant at 1 Peter 2:12 (ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ‘among the Gentiles/pagans’). Keep distinct from the new term chosen_race_holy_nation’s ଜାତି usage at 2:9, where ଜାତି translates ἔθνος in a different, corporate-identity sense and requires its own caste-collision footnote.
Apostle
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରେରିତ
Transliteration: prerita
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ଗୁରୁ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:1, ‘Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ.’ Never ଗୁରୁ (self-attained teaching authority vs. delegated, sent commission).
Creator
Approved rendering: ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା
Transliteration: Sraṣṭā
Doctrine: Sustaining Grace and Providence
Original: κτίστης
Category: God
New term — 1 Peter. 1 Peter 4:19, ‘entrust their souls to a faithful Creator.’ Baseline reserves ପିତା (not ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା) for intimate Father-address; here, in a suffering-and-entrustment context, ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା’s emphasis on sovereign Maker is contextually distinct and does not conflict with that baseline guidance.
Shepherd Overseer Of Souls
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଣର ପାଳକ ଓ ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷ
Transliteration: Prāṇara pālaka o adhyakṣa
Doctrine: Christ as Chief Shepherd
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν
Category: Christology
New term — 1 Peter 2:25. Christ’s title as shepherd/overseer of souls, anticipating chapter 5’s elder-shepherding doctrine. Avoid Krishna-cowherd (Gopāla) devotional overtone from Odia Vaishnav poetry; anchor tightly to the immediately preceding atonement statement (2:24).
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପାଳକ
Transliteration: Mukhya pālaka
Doctrine: Christ as Chief Shepherd
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
New term — 1 Peter 5:4. Exclusive title reserved for Christ, above all human under-shepherds/elders (ପ୍ରାଚୀନ/ପାଳକ).
Hope
Approved rendering: ଆଶା
Transliteration: Āśā
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term — 1 Peter 1:13, 1:21, 3:15. Check context for the ‘living’ modifier or resurrection-grounding, in which case use ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଆଶା for consistency.
Outcome Goal
Approved rendering: ପରିଣାମ / ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Pariṇāma / Lakṣya
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ଫଳ
Original: τέλος
Category: Salvation
New term — 1 Peter 1:9, 4:7 (τέλος). Avoid ଫଳ (‘fruit/result’), which carries a karmic connotation of a self-produced outcome; τέλος here names God’s guaranteed completion of a faith he himself granted.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: ମହିମାର ମୁକୁଟ
Transliteration: Mahimāra mukuṭa
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
New term — 1 Peter 5:4. Must remain eschatological reward language, not conflated with earthly coronation or royal-ritual imagery, paralleling baseline’s Rath Yatra caution for related triumphal imagery.
Love
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରେମ
Transliteration: Prema
Doctrine: Love and Mutual Service
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
New term — 1 Peter 1:8,22; 2:17; 3:8; 4:8 (ἀγάπη/ἀγαπάω). Keep consistent throughout. Distinguish from ଭକ୍ତି (bhakti), the devotional love/surrender directed at a deity typically encountered through darshan; 1:8’s point is that believers love Christ without having seen him.
Diaspora
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରବାସ
Transliteration: Pravāsa
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners
Original: διασπορά
Category: Divine Calling
New term — 1 Peter 1:1 (διασπορά). Reinforces the exile/sojourner theme; low independent doctrinal weight beyond that theme.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ବାକ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Bākya
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Prophecy
Original: λόγος Θεοῦ / ῥῆμα Κυρίου
Category: Covenant
New term — 1 Peter 1:23-25 (λόγος Θεοῦ / ῥῆμα Κυρίου, quoting Isaiah 40:6-8). Consistent with established Odia Bible usage; ties to baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture caution regarding the Odia Bhagavata’s own devotional-literary status.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: ଜୀବନ୍ତ ପ୍ରସ୍ତର
Transliteration: Jībanta prastara
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 2:4-5 (λίθος ζῶν). Keep ଜୀବନ୍ତ consistent with ‘living hope’ (1:3) — Peter’s recurring ‘living’ vocabulary signals God’s animating, resurrection-rooted life throughout the letter.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: ଆତ୍ମିକ ଗୃହ
Transliteration: Ātmika gṛha
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 2:5 (οἶκος πνευματικός). Standard compound pattern matching baseline’s ଆତ୍ମିକ ଦାନ.
Joint Heirs Of Grace Of Life
Approved rendering: ଜୀବନର କୃପାର ସହ-ଉତ୍ତରାଧିକାରୀ
Transliteration: Jībanara kṛpāra saha-uttarādhikārī
Doctrine: Marriage Roles and Mutual Honor
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 3:7 (συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς). Affirms equal standing between husbands and wives despite the ‘weaker vessel’ descriptor in the same verse.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: ଅଧିକ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ପାତ୍ର
Transliteration: Adhika durbala pātra
Doctrine: Marriage Roles and Mutual Honor
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Household Ethics
New term — 1 Peter 3:7 (ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος). A physical-strength/social-vulnerability descriptor, not a statement of lesser spiritual worth or capacity. Flag for native-speaker review to avoid a demeaning-sounding rendering in contemporary Odia usage.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିବାର
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka paribāra
Doctrine: Household of God and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ
Original: οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 4:17 (οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ). Never ମନ୍ଦିର or ଦେଉଳ (baseline-forbidden for ‘church’).
Steward
Approved rendering: ପରିଚାଳକ
Transliteration: Paricālaka
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 4:10 (οἰκονόμος). Shares a root with baseline’s ପରିଚାଳନା (providence); no independent high risk beyond consistency.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: ସୁବିବେକ
Transliteration: Subibeka
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
New term — 1 Peter 3:16, 3:21 (συνείδησις ἀγαθή). Standard term; no significant syncretism risk beyond general clarity.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟିୟାନ
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭiyāna
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Suffering
New term — 1 Peter 4:16 (Χριστιανός), the earliest NT occurrence of this name-of-identity. Keep transliterated rather than paraphrased.
Fear Reverent
Approved rendering: ଭୟ
Transliteration: Bhaya
Doctrine: Reverent Fear of God
Original: φόβος
Category: Holiness in Conduct
New term — 1 Peter 1:17, 2:17, 3:6, 3:14 (φόβος). Disambiguate by context between reverence toward God and ordinary fear/intimidation toward persecutors. Avoid compounding with ଭକ୍ତି (bhakti), which would reintroduce the devotional-surrender term baseline excludes for faith.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ସହଭାଗିତା
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ମିତ୍ରତା
Original: κοινωνέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root reused for the new compound ‘sharing in Christ’s sufferings’ (κοινωνέω, 4:13) — render ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟଙ୍କ ଦୁଃଖଭୋଗରେ ସହଭାଗୀ ହୁଅ to preserve cross-curriculum consistency.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା
Transliteration: bhabiṣyadbaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷୀ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 1:10-12. Not a fortune-teller/astrologer.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀ
Transliteration: bhabiṣyadbāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ଗଣନା
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant context at 1 Peter 1:10-12 (prophets who prophesied of this grace). Distinct from astrological forecasting.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ଉତ୍ସାହିତ କରିବା
Transliteration: utsāhita karibā
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used at 1 Peter 5:1, ‘I exhort the elders’ (παρακαλῶ).
Brotherhood
Approved rendering: ଭ୍ରାତୃତ୍ୱ
Transliteration: Bhrātṛtva
Doctrine: Love and Mutual Service
Original: ἀδελφότης / φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New term — 1 Peter 2:17, 3:8 (ἀδελφότης/φιλαδελφία). Standard vocabulary; low risk.
Blessed Doxology
Approved rendering: ଧନ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Dhanya
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Praise
Original: εὐλογητός
Category: Faith
New term — 1 Peter 1:3 (εὐλογητός). Align with established Odia Bible doxology conventions.
Referenced passages