Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Revelation 1–22 (English–Odia)
This glossary compiles every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by doctrinal category, with proposed Odia renderings and risk tiers. Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json convention: Critical (essential doctrine at stake, human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence), High (significant syncretism/confusion risk, human theologian review required), Medium (clarity risk, native speaker review recommended), Low (minor risk, automated review sufficient).
Terms marked [= baseline TM] reuse the Romans translation_memory.json rendering exactly, per the hard rule that established renderings must not be altered.
Table A — Terms Reused Verbatim from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English Term | Greek | Odia (baseline TM) | Risk (baseline) | Revelation Occurrences (primary) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | ସୁସମାଚାର | High | 14:6 |
| Grace | χάρις | କୃପା | High | 1:4; 22:21 |
| Faith / faithful | πίστις / πιστός | ବିଶ୍ୱାସ | High | 2:10,13,19; 13:10; 14:12; 17:14; 21:5 |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ଧାର୍ମିକତା | Critical | 19:8,11; 22:11 |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | ପରିତ୍ରାଣ | Critical | 7:10; 12:10; 19:1 |
| Holy | ἅγιος | ପବିତ୍ର | High | 3:7; 4:8; 6:10; 15:4; 21:2,10; 22:11,19 |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | ପବିତ୍ର ଲୋକ | High | 5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9 |
| Sanctification (adj. usage) | ἁγιάζω-related | ପବିତ୍ରୀକରଣ | High | 22:11 (“let the holy still be holy”) |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις | ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ | Critical | 20:5-6 (“the first resurrection”) |
| Lord | κύριος | ପ୍ରଭୁ | Critical | throughout; 11:15; 17:14; 19:16; 22:20-21 |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର | Critical | 2:18 |
| Glory | δόξα | ମହିମା | High | 1:6; 4:9,11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 21:11,23-24 |
| Power of God | δύναμις (θεοῦ) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ | High | 5:12; 7:12; 12:10; 19:1 |
| God | θεός | ପରମେଶ୍ୱର | Critical | throughout |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ଯୀଶୁ | Critical | throughout |
| Holy Spirit / the Spirit | πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) | ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା | Critical | 1:4,10; 2-3 (refrain); 14:13; 22:17 |
| Father | πατήρ | ପିତା | Critical | 1:6; 2:27; 3:5,21; 14:1 |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία (τοῦ θεοῦ/τοῦ κόσμου) | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ | Medium | 1:6,9; 11:15; 12:10 |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ | Medium | 1:4,11,20; 2-3 (seven churches); 22:16 |
| Covenant | διαθήκη | ନିୟମ | High | 11:19 (ark of the covenant) |
| David | Δαυίδ | ଦାଉଦ | Medium | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | ଇସ୍ରାଏଲ | Medium | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 |
| Messiah / Christ | Χριστός | ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ (title) / ମସୀହା (where “Anointed One” sense is primary) | Critical | 1:1,2,5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6 |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | ପାପ | High | 1:5; 18:4-5 |
| Gentiles / nations | ἔθνη | ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି (contrastive sense) / ଜାତି (inclusive fourfold-formula sense — see Table F note) | Medium | 5:9; 7:9; 11:2,18; 12:5; 14:6,8; 15:3-4; 18:3,23; 19:15; 20:3,8; 21:24,26; 22:2 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | ଶାନ୍ତି | Medium | 1:4 |
| Prophet / prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା / ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀ | Low | 1:3; 10:11; 11:3,10; 16:6; 18:20,24; 19:10,20; 22:6-10,18-19 |
| Amen | Ἀμήν | ଆମେନ | Low | 1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21 |
| Hallelujah | Ἁλληλουϊά | ହାଲେଲୁୟା | Low | 19:1,3,4,6 |
Table B — Christology & Divine Titles (New Terms for Revelation)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Odia Rendering | Risk | Revelation Occurrences | Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb (of God) | ἀρνίον | arnion | ମେଷଶାବକ | High | 5:6,8,12-13; 6:1,16; 7:9-10,14,17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1,4,10; 15:3; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,14,22-23,27; 22:1,3 | Central sacrificial-Christological title; risk of flattening into generic ritual animal-sacrifice merit economy rather than a unique, sufficient, once-for-all atonement. |
| Almighty | παντοκράτωρ | pantokratōr | ସର୍ବଶକ୍ତିମାନ (traditional) or ସର୍ବସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟବାନ (baseline-consistent alternative) | High — Phase 2 decision required | 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22 | Traditional rendering uses the ଶକ୍ତି root the baseline explicitly rejected for “power of God” due to Shakta goddess-tradition collision (Maa Samaleswari, Maa Tarini); needs explicit human theologian ruling before Phase 2. |
| Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ | Alpha kai to Ō | ଆଲଫା ଓ ଓମେଗା (+ gloss ଆରମ୍ଭ ଓ ଶେଷ) | Low | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 | Transliteration of a fixed formula; low collision risk. |
| Beginning and End | ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος | archē kai telos | ଆରମ୍ଭ ଓ ଶେଷ | Medium | 21:6; 22:13 | Must contrast linear, purposive history with cyclical cosmological time (kalpas/yugas). |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων | Basileus basileōn kai Kyrios kyriōn | ରାଜାଧିରାଜ ଓ ପ୍ରଭୁମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁ | Critical | 17:14; 19:16 | Uses ପ୍ରଭୁ [= baseline TM], never ଠାକୁର; asserts Christ’s exclusive supremacy over every other claimed lord/deity. |
| Word of God | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | ho Logos tou Theou | ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ବାକ୍ୟ | Medium-High | 19:13 | Connects to baseline’s Incarnation doctrine (John 1:14, ଦେହଧାରଣ). |
| Lion of the tribe of Judah | λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα | leōn ek tēs phylēs Iouda | ଯିହୂଦା ବଂଶର ସିଂହ | Medium-High | 5:5 | Lion-imagery for a divine/messianic figure risks loose association with Narasiṃha (lion-man avatāra of Vishnu); must be read together with the immediate slain-Lamb reversal (5:6). |
| Root/Offspring of David | ῥίζα (καὶ τὸ γένος) Δαυίδ | rhiza (kai to genos) Dauid | ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ମୂଳ (ଓ ବଂଶ) | Medium | 5:5; 22:16 | Extends baseline’s Davidic Covenant doctrine; requires OT background. |
| Morning Star | ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός (ὁ λαμπρός) | astēr ho prōinos | ପ୍ରଭାତୀ ତାରା / ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ୱଳ ପ୍ରଭାତୀ ତାରା | Medium | 2:28; 22:16 | Minor risk of astrological/planetary-deity association (Venus/Śukra) in South Asian context. |
| Firstborn of the dead | πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν | prōtotokos tōn nekrōn | ମୃତମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ପ୍ରଥମଜାତ | High | 1:5 | Must connect to ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ [= baseline TM], reinforcing Christ’s resurrection preeminence. |
Table C — Cosmic Conflict: Dragon, Beast, Satan (Highest-Risk Cluster)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Odia Rendering | Risk | Revelation Occurrences | Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dragon | δράκων | drakōn | ମହାସର୍ପ (with mandatory clarifying note) | Critical | 12:3-4,7,9,13,16-17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2 | Collides directly with Ananta Śeṣa, the revered cosmic serpent of Vishnu/Balabhadra iconography central to Odisha’s own Vaishnav devotional tradition; serpents are not inherently evil figures in Odia religious imagination. |
| Ancient serpent | ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος | ho ophis ho archaios | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସର୍ପ | Critical | 12:9; 20:2 | Same collision as “dragon”; the explicit Genesis-3 identification should always accompany this term as a disambiguator. |
| Satan / the Devil | Σατανᾶς / Διάβολος | Satanas / Diabolos | ଶୟତାନ / ଦିଆବଳ (transliterated) | High | 2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9-10; 20:2,7,10 | Transliteration avoids implying Satan is merely one troublesome spirit-being among many in a broader spirit-category system. |
| Beast (from the sea) | θηρίον (ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης) | thērion | ପଶୁ / ହିଂସ୍ର ପଶୁ | Critical | 13:1-10,12,14-18; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2,10,13; 17:3,7-8,11-13,16-17; 19:19-20; 20:4,10 | Must be kept lexically distinct from ζῷα (heavenly living creatures, ch.4); risks conflation with Vishnu’s revered animal/hybrid avatāras (Matsya, Kūrma, Varāha, Narasiṃha) unless explicitly contrasted in teaching notes. |
| Beast (from the earth) / false prophet | θηρίον ἐκ τῆς γῆς / ψευδοπροφήτης | thērion ek tēs gēs / pseudoprophētēs | ପୃଥିବୀରୁ ଉଠିଥିବା ପଶୁ / ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା | Critical | 13:11-17; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10 | Same beast-vocabulary collision as above; ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା reused [= baseline TM root] in its negated/false form. |
| Living creatures (heavenly) | ζῷα | zōa | ପ୍ରାଣୀ | High (translation-consistency) | 4:6-9; 5:6,8,11,14; 6:1,3,5-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4 | Must never share a rendering with θηρίον; some English versions’ “beasts” for ζῷα is a known source of reader confusion to be avoided in Odia. |
| Image of the beast | εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου | eikōn tou thēriou | ପଶୁର ପ୍ରତିମା | Critical | 13:14-15; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 | Single highest-sensitivity term in the book: ପ୍ରତିମା is the ordinary word for a consecrated deity-image, including Jagannath’s own sacred image; surface resemblance to Nabakalebara image-consecration language (already Critical in baseline) demands mandatory theologian review and careful pastoral framing. |
| Mark (of the beast) | χάραγμα | charagma | ଚିହ୍ନ | High | 13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 | Must remain lexically distinct from the seal of God (ମୁଦ୍ରା, chs.6-7); functions as the beast’s counterfeit ownership-mark. |
| Number of the beast (666) | ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου | arithmos tou thēriou | ପଶୁର ସଂଖ୍ୟା (୬୬୬, Arabic numerals per baseline convention) | Medium | 13:17-18 | Classic gematria example; requires genre-interpretation note to prevent numerological speculation. |
| Woman clothed with the sun | γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον | gynē peribeblēmenē ton hēlion | ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ବେଷ୍ଟିତା ନାରୀ | High | 12:1-2,4-6,13-17 | Radiant celestial female imagery risks association with goddess iconography (Durga, Lakshmi, regional Shakta goddesses); requires a clarifying note that this symbolizes the covenant people, not a venerable divine figure. |
| Worship (of God/Lamb vs. beast/dragon) | προσκυνέω | proskyneō | ଉପାସନା କରିବା (God/Lamb) / ପ୍ରଣାମ କରିବା (beast, descriptive) | Critical | ~24x throughout, incl. 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 9:20; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 15:4; 19:4,10,20; 20:4; 22:8-9 | The book’s central moral fork; ପ୍ରଣାମ is the everyday Odia gesture also performed before Jagannath and other deity images — requires disciplined, consistent object-sensitive rendering across every occurrence. |
Table D — Judgment, Death, and the Afterlife
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Odia Rendering | Risk | Revelation Occurrences | Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hades | Ἅιδης | Hadēs | ହାଦେସ୍ (transliterated; avoid ପାତାଳ) | High | 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14 | ପାତାଳ names an actual Hindu cosmological netherworld (home of the Nagas); transliteration follows the baseline’s established preference (cf. ପରିତ୍ରାଣ not ମୋକ୍ଷ). |
| Abyss / bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος | abyssos | ଅଗାଧ ଗର୍ତ୍ତ (descriptive coinage; avoid ପାତାଳ) | High | 9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3 | Same Patala-cosmology collision as Hades. |
| Second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | ho thanatos ho deuteros | ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ | Critical | 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8 | Must never be explained in a way suggesting a further chance/cycle of rebirth; this is final and terminal, the opposite pole of ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ. |
| Lake of fire | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (καὶ θείου) | limnē tou pyros (kai theiou) | ଅଗ୍ନି ହ୍ରଦ / ଅଗ୍ନି ଓ ଗନ୍ଧକରେ ଜ୍ୱଳନ୍ତ ହ୍ରଦ | High | 19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8 | Must be distinguished from generic Hindu Naraka (temporary punishment within an ongoing rebirth cosmology); this is final and eternal. |
| First resurrection | πρώτη ἀνάστασις | prōtē anastasis | ପ୍ରଥମ ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ | Critical | 20:5-6 | ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ reused [= baseline TM]; “first” distinguishes two resurrections, not a repeating cycle. |
| Great white throne | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας | thronos leukos megas | ମହାନ ଶ୍ୱେତ ସିଂହାସନ | Medium-High | 20:11 | Purity here is moral/judicial, not ritual purity. |
| Book of Life | βιβλίον/βίβλος τῆς ζωῆς | biblion tēs zōēs | ଜୀବନ ପୁସ୍ତକ | Medium-High | 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27 | Inclusion is grace-given (cf. Lamb’s book of life), not a karma-style ledger of accumulated merit. |
| Judged according to works | κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα | krinō kata ta erga | କର୍ମ ଅନୁସାରେ ବିଚାର / ଆଚରଣ ଅନୁସାରେ ବିଚାର | High | 20:12-13; 22:12 | କର୍ମ carries strong impersonal rebirth-law connotations in ordinary Odia usage; must be explicitly anchored to a personal God’s single, final, righteous judgment. |
| Wrath (of God/the Lamb) | ὀργή / θυμός | orgē / thymos | କ୍ରୋଧ | Medium-High | 6:16-17; 11:18; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15 | Must be personal, judicial divine anger — not impersonal karmic retribution unfolding automatically. |
| Idolater(s) | εἰδωλολάτρης | eidōlolatrēs | ପ୍ରତିମାପୂଜକ | Critical | 21:8; 22:15 | Direct term for image-worship; requires careful, non-inflammatory pastoral framing given Odisha’s temple-image devotional traditions. |
Table E — New Creation, Bride, and Worship
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Odia Rendering | Risk | Revelation Occurrences | Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New heaven / new earth | οὐρανὸς καινός / γῆ καινή | ouranos kainos / gē kainē | ନୂତନ ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ / ନୂତନ ପୃଥିବୀ | Medium | 21:1 | Must be a once-for-all qualitative renewal, not a cyclical cosmic recreation (kalpa/pralaya). |
| New Jerusalem | Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή | Ierousalēm kainē | ନୂତନ ଯିରୁଶାଲମ | Medium | 3:12; 21:2,10 | Continuity/fulfillment of OT Zion; requires background note for low-OT-literacy readers. |
| Bride | νύμφη | nymphē | ବଧୂ | High | 18:23; 19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17 | Risk of assimilation to consort-goddess frameworks (e.g., Lakshmi-Jagannath devotional narratives); must remain a corporate-people image. |
| Marriage/wedding feast of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | gamos tou arniou | ମେଷଶାବକଙ୍କ ବିବାହ (ଭୋଜ) | High | 19:7,9 | Once-for-all covenant consummation; guard against reduction to a prasad-style feast-sharing event. |
| Tabernacle / dwell (God with them) | σκηνή / σκηνόω | skēnē / skēnoō | ବାସ କରିବେ / ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ବାସସ୍ଥାନ | High | 7:15; 12:12; 13:6; 15:5; 21:3 | Personal, relational divine presence — not an image ritually indwelt by divine essence (cf. Nabakalebara). |
| No temple (in the New Jerusalem) | ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον | naon ouk eidon | ମୁଁ କୌଣସି ମନ୍ଦିର ଦେଖିଲି ନାହିଁ | Critical | 21:22 | Most sensitive architectural-theological statement in the book given the centrality of the Puri Jagannath Mandira to Odia religious identity; requires fulfillment-framing, not polemical framing. |
| Temple (heavenly/eschatological) | ναός | naos | ମନ୍ଦିର | Critical | 3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2,19; 14:15,17; 15:5-6,8; 16:1,17; 21:22 | Distinct referent from ἐκκλησία/church (ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ [= baseline TM]); must not be confused with the baseline’s forbidden ମନ୍ଦିର-for-church rule, since here ମନ୍ଦିର correctly names an actual temple. |
| Overcomer / to overcome | ὁ νικῶν / νικάω | ho nikōn / nikaō | ବିଜୟୀ ହେଉଥିବା ଜଣ / ବିଜୟୀ ହେବା | High | 2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 6:2; 11:7; 12:11; 13:7; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7 | Must be understood as victory through faithful endurance/costly witness (12:11), not triumphalist conquest (cf. baseline’s Rath Yatra caution). |
| Book of Life (see also Table D) | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | — | — | — | — | (Cross-referenced; see Table D.) |
| Worthy | ἄξιος | axios | ଯୋଗ୍ୟ | High | 4:11; 5:2,4,9,12 | The Lamb’s worthiness is achieved through sacrifice and extended by grace, not accumulated through devotional merit. |
| Incense (= prayers of the saints) | θυμίαμα(τα) | thymiama(ta) | ଧୂପ | High | 5:8; 8:3-4; 18:13 | Directly evokes daily temple incense-offering ritual (Jagannath temple’s chhatiśā niyoga); must be taught as metaphor for direct, unmediated prayer, not literal efficacious ritual offering. |
| Living water / water of life (free gift) | ὕδωρ (πηγὴ) τῆς ζωῆς…δωρεάν | hydōr tēs zōēs…dōrean | ଜୀବନ ଜଳ…ମାଗଣାରେ | High | 21:6; 22:1,17 | Must preserve grace-not-merit emphasis; guard against assimilation to sacred-water purification/pilgrimage-merit traditions (e.g., Mahodadhi sea bathing at Puri). |
| Rainbow | ἶρις | iris | ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରଧନୁ | Medium | 4:3; 10:1 | Standard word etymologically names the deity Indra (“Indra’s bow”); unavoidable in ordinary usage but worth a brief anchoring note to the Noahic covenant sign. |
| Trisagion (“Holy, Holy, Holy”) | ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος | hagios hagios hagios | ପବିତ୍ର, ପବିତ୍ର, ପବିତ୍ର | High | 4:8 | Fixed liturgical formula; ପବିତ୍ର reused [= baseline TM]; must never be abbreviated or paraphrased. |
Table F — Perseverance, Witness, Sovereignty, and Symbolic Genre
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Odia Rendering | Risk | Revelation Occurrences | Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Testimony / witness (→ martyrdom) | μαρτυρία / μάρτυς | martyria / martys | ସାକ୍ଷ୍ୟ / ସାକ୍ଷୀ | High | 1:2,9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4 | Semantic shift from neutral “witness” to costly “martyr” central to Perseverance doctrine; must be conveyed through context/teaching notes. |
| Tribulation / the great tribulation | θλῖψις / ἡ θλῖψις ἡ μεγάλη | thlipsis | କ୍ଲେଶ / ମହାକ୍ଲେଶ | High | 1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14 | ‘Kleśa’ is also a technical Yogic-philosophical term for inward mental affliction (Patañjali); Revelation’s usage is external persecution, requiring disambiguation. |
| Trial / hour of trial | πειρασμός | peirasmos | ପରୀକ୍ଷା | Medium | 2:10; 3:10 | Standard; keep distinguishable from θλῖψις. |
| Perseverance / patient endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | ସହନଶୀଳତା / ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ | High | 1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12 | Must be active, hope-filled endurance grounded in Christ’s certain victory — not passive, karma-based resignation to suffering as one’s fated lot. |
| Throne | θρόνος | thronos | ସିଂହାସନ | Medium | 40+ occurrences throughout | Central sovereignty motif; consistency required across every occurrence. |
| Seal (of God, protective) | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω | sphragis / sphragizō | ମୁଦ୍ରା / ମୁଦ୍ରାଙ୍କିତ କରିବା | High | 5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4 | Must remain lexically distinct from χάραγμα (mark of the beast, Table C). |
| Revelation / unveiling | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | ପ୍ରକାଶନ | Medium | 1:1 | Book’s genre-defining title term; establishes apocalyptic reading expectations. |
| Mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | ନିଗୂଢ଼ ତତ୍ତ୍ୱ (preferred) / ରହସ୍ୟ | Medium-High | 1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7 | ରହସ୍ୟ risks association with Tantric/esoteric “secret knowledge for initiates”; Revelation’s mystery is openly disclosed truth for the whole church. |
| Sign | σημεῖον | sēmeion | ଚିହ୍ନ / ଲକ୍ଷଣ | Medium | 12:1,3; 13:13-14; 15:1; 16:14; 19:20 | Marks the book’s symbolic-visionary genre; requires accompanying interpretive/genre notes throughout. |
| Symbolic numbers (7, 12, 24, 144000, 1000, 666) | ἑπτά, δώδεκα, εἴκοσι τέσσαρες, etc. | — | (retain as Arabic numerals per baseline citation convention) | Medium (interpretive) | throughout | Symbolic-numeric apocalyptic convention; teaching notes required to prevent literalistic/numerological misreading — core case for “Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation” doctrine. |
| Babylon (the great) | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Babylōn hē megalē | ମହା ବାବିଲନ | Medium | 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21 | Symbolic name for an anti-God world-system, not a literal city-rebuilding prophecy; requires teaching note. |
| Prostitute (great) | πόρνη (μεγάλη) | pornē (megalē) | ମହା ବେଶ୍ୟା | High | 17:1,5,15-16; 19:2 | Direct, socially stigmatized vocabulary; deliberate literary contrast with νύμφη (Bride) must be preserved. |
| Kingdom of the world → kingdom of our Lord | βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου…τοῦ κυρίου | basileia tou kosmou…tou kyriou | ଜଗତର ରାଜ୍ୟ…ପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କର ରାଜ୍ୟ | High | 11:15 | Reuses ପ୍ରଭୁ [= baseline TM] and ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ [= baseline TM]; recommend locking as fixed cross-document rendering (thesis-level verse for Return and Reign of Christ). |
| Nations / every tribe, tongue, people, nation | ἔθνος (φυλή, γλῶσσα, λαός, ἔθνος) | ethnos | ଜାତି (inclusive fourfold formula) / ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି (contrastive sense) | Medium | 5:9; 7:9; 14:6; and see Table A | Revelation’s fourfold formula means “every nation without exception” (inclusive of Jew and Gentile alike), a different sense from Romans’ Jew/Gentile contrastive ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି; recommend context-sensitive dual rendering, flagged for native-speaker review at each occurrence. |
| ”It is done” | Γέγονεν | Gegonen | ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ହେଲା | Medium | 16:17; 21:6 | Deliberate structural echo between judgment’s completion (ch.16) and new creation’s completion (ch.21); consistent rendering recommended. |
| Thousand years / millennium | χίλια ἔτη | chilia etē | ସହସ୍ର ବର୍ଷ | Medium (interpretive) | 20:2-7 | Render literally; do not resolve the underlying millennial-view debate within the translation itself. |
Cross-Document Consistency Requirements (feeding into Phase 1 Step 4 / AI Translation Requirements)
The following renderings are recommended for locked, verbatim, cross-document consistency, following the same principle the baseline applies to Romans 1:16–17, 8:28, and 10:9–10:
- Revelation 21:5 — “ଦେଖ, ମୁଁ ସମସ୍ତ ବିଷୟ ନୂତନ କରୁଅଛି” (thesis statement of New Heaven and New Earth doctrine)
- Revelation 12:11 — the definition of “overcoming” through “the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony” (interpretive key for every other νικάω occurrence)
- Revelation 11:15 — “ଜଗତର ରାଜ୍ୟ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କର ରାଜ୍ୟ ହୋଇଅଛି” (thesis statement of Return and Reign of Christ / Sovereignty of God over History)
- Revelation 19:16 — “ରାଜାଧିରାଜ ଓ ପ୍ରଭୁମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁ” (Lordship title, paralleling baseline’s Romans 10:9 consistency rule)
- Revelation 22:20-21 — the closing “Amen, come, Lord Jesus” / grace benediction (canonical closing prayer, echoing Romans 16’s own closing grace benediction)
Outstanding Items Requiring Human Theologian Ruling Before Phase 2
- παντοκράτωρ (Almighty) — ସର୍ବଶକ୍ତିମାନ vs. ସର୍ବସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟବାନ (see Table B).
- δράκων (dragon) and θηρίον (beast) — confirm ମହାସର୍ପ / ପଶୁ renderings and the mandatory scope/wording of accompanying disambiguating teaching notes (see Table C).
- εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου (image of the beast) and ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον (no temple, 21:22) — confirm pastoral framing approach given direct Jagannath-temple/Nabakalebara resonance (see Tables C, E).
- κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα (judged according to works, 20:12-13) — confirm whether କର୍ମ is permitted at all, or whether ଆଚରଣ/କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ should be used exclusively to avoid rebirth-law connotation (see Table D).
This glossary is the direct input to the forthcoming 09_doctrine_risk_registry.json (Revelation) and 10_translation_memory.json updates in Phase 1 Steps 2–3, and to the Revelation-specific extension of 12_ai_translation_requirements.md in Phase 1 Step 4.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ଧର୍ମ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ଧର୍ମ. Pictured in the bride’s fine linen (19:8) and required for New Jerusalem entry (22:11); grace-enabled standing, not ritual merit.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ପରିତ୍ରାଣ
Transliteration: paritrāṇa
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ମୋକ୍ଷ, ମୁକ୍ତି
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ମୋକ୍ଷ or ମୁକ୍ତି. Heaven’s cry ‘Salvation belongs to our God’ (7:10; 12:10; 19:1) is deliverance given by a personal God, not darshan or pilgrimage merit.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ. Underlies ‘firstborn of the dead’ (1:5) and ‘the first resurrection’ (20:5-6); one-time, permanent, never a rebirth cycle.
Lord
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ଠାକୁର. Title-stacking in Revelation (‘King of kings AND Lord of lords,’ 17:14; 19:16) heightens the Jagannath-naming collision risk across the whole book.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପୁତ୍ର
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାରୀ ପୁରୁଷ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 2:18; must not be assimilated to the Puri triad’s family-of-deities pattern (Jagannath, Balabhadra, Subhadra).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ଦେହଧାରଣ
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇa
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାର
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ଅବତାର. Connects to ‘the Word of God’ (19:13, echoing John 1:14); guard against Nabakalebara association.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ମସୀହା
Transliteration: Masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: ଅବତାରୀ ପୁରୁଷ
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for contexts emphasizing OT promise-fulfillment (11:15; 12:10 ‘his Christ’); never one of Jagannath’s avatāra associations.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ଯୀଶୁ
Transliteration: Yīśu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଈସା
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the book’s title, the letters, and the closing prayer (22:20-21); locked cross-document consistency recommended for the closing prayer.
God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱର
Transliteration: Parameśwara
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଠାକୁର, ଭଗବାନ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ଠାକୁର or ଭଗବାନ. Highest-frequency term in the book.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର ଆତ୍ମା
Transliteration: Pabitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ପରମାତ୍ମା
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ପରମାତ୍ମା. Speaks personally to the churches (chs.2-3 refrain) and joins the Bride’s closing invitation (22:17).
Father
Approved rendering: ପିତା
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Source of Christ’s authority and believers’ inheritance (1:6; 2:27; 3:5,21; 14:1).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: ଆରୋପିତ ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Transliteration: āropita dhārmikatā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ନିଜ ଚେଷ୍ଟାରେ ଅର୍ଜିତ ଧାର୍ମିକତା
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 19:8’s bridal garments (‘the righteous deeds of the saints,’ given not earned) must be read through this doctrine, not self-earned merit.
Christ
Approved rendering: ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ
Transliteration: Khrīṣṭa
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: ମସୀହା (reserved for OT-fulfillment-emphasis contexts only)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New term extending baseline’s ‘messiah’ entry. Render Χριστός as ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ (established title-form) wherever used as Christ’s proper title/name (1:1,2,5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6); reserve ମସୀହା for contexts stressing OT-promise fulfillment. Never one of several avatāra figures.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: ରାଜାଧିରାଜ ଓ ପ୍ରଭୁମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁ
Transliteration: Rājādhirāja o Prabhumānaṅka Prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
New term, built on ପ୍ରଭୁ [=baseline TM], never ଠାକୁର. Superlative title at 17:14; 19:16; locked cross-document rendering, excluding every rival claimed lord including Jagannath’s own ‘Lord of the universe’ title.
Dragon
Approved rendering: ମହାସର୍ପ
Transliteration: mahāsarpa
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict: Satan and the Dragon
Rejected alternatives: ନାଗ, ଡ୍ରାଗନ୍ (bare transliteration — severs the ὄφις wordplay and communicates nothing without heavy gloss)
Original: δράκων
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (12:3-4,7,9,13,16-17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2). Collides directly with Ananta Śeṣa, the revered cosmic serpent of Vishnu/Balabhadra iconography; mandatory disambiguating note (explicit Genesis-3/Satan identification) at every occurrence. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସର୍ପ
Transliteration: prācīna sarpa
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict: Satan and the Dragon
Original: ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (12:9; 20:2). Same Ananta Śeṣa collision as ‘dragon’; the explicit Genesis identification is the text’s own built-in disambiguator and must always accompany this term.
Beast From Sea
Approved rendering: ପଶୁ
Transliteration: paśu
Doctrine: The Beast and Counterfeit Worship
Original: θηρίον (ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης)
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (13:1-10,12,14-18; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2,10,13; 17:3,7-8,11-13,16-17; 19:19-20; 20:4,10). Always paired with a qualifier (ହିଂସ୍ର ପଶୁ) and kept lexically distinct from ζῷα (see ‘living_creatures’). Risk of assimilation to Vishnu’s revered dasavatāra animal/hybrid forms unless the deliberate theological inversion is taught explicitly.
Beast From Earth False Prophet
Approved rendering: ପୃଥିବୀରୁ ଉଠିଥିବା ପଶୁ / ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା
Transliteration: pṛthibīru uṭhithibā paśu / bhrānta bhabiṣyadbaktā
Doctrine: The Beast and Counterfeit Worship
Original: θηρίον ἐκ τῆς γῆς / ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (13:11-17; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10), built on ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା root [=baseline TM] in negated form. Same beast-vocabulary collision as ‘beast_from_sea’.
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: ପଶୁର ପ୍ରତିମା
Transliteration: paśura pratimā
Doctrine: The Beast and Counterfeit Worship
Rejected alternatives: ପଶୁର ମୂର୍ତ୍ତି/ଚିତ୍ର (descriptive circumlocution — rejected as it softens the text’s own polemic)
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (13:14-15; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). The single most sensitive term-collision in the book: ପ୍ରତିମା is the ordinary word for a consecrated deity-image, including Jagannath’s own sacred wooden image (Nabakalebara resonance). Mandatory human theologian review and pastoral framing at every occurrence.
Worship
Approved rendering: ଉପାସନା କରିବା / ପ୍ରଣାମ କରିବା
Transliteration: upāsanā karibā / praṇāma karibā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
New term (προσκυνέω, ~24 occurrences). Reserve ଉପାସନା କରିବା exclusively for worship of God/the Lamb; ପ୍ରଣାମ କରିବା descriptively for the beast-worshippers’ act. ପ୍ରଣାମ is the everyday Odia gesture also performed before Jagannath; consistent object-sensitive discipline required at every occurrence without exception.
Second Death
Approved rendering: ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ
Transliteration: dwitīya mṛtyu
Doctrine: The Second Death and Eternal Punishment
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Eschatology
New term (2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8). Must never be explained as suggesting a further chance at rebirth; final, non-cyclical, the terminal opposite of ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଥମ ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ
Transliteration: prathama punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of the Dead
Original: πρώτη ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
New term (20:5-6), built on ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ [=baseline TM]. ‘First’ distinguishes two resurrections, never a repeating rebirth pattern.
Idolater
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରତିମାପୂଜକ
Transliteration: pratimāpūjaka
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Judgment
New term (21:8; 22:15). Addresses ultimate misplaced allegiance, not a blanket condemnation of Odia religious heritage; mandatory theologian review and contextual teaching note wherever this term stands in a vice-list.
No Temple
Approved rendering: ମୁଁ କୌଣସି ମନ୍ଦିର ଦେଖିଲି ନାହିଁ
Transliteration: muñ kauṇasi mandira dekhili nāhiṅ
Doctrine: God’s Dwelling with His People
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ
Category: New Creation
New term (21:22). Requires fulfillment-framing, not polemical framing, given the centrality of the Puri Jagannath Mandira to Odia religious identity; mandatory human theologian review; must be taught together with 21:3’s tabernacling promise.
Temple
Approved rendering: ମନ୍ଦିର
Transliteration: mandira
Doctrine: God’s Dwelling with His People
Original: ναός
Category: New Creation
New term (3:12; 7:15; 11:1-2,19; 14:15,17; 15:5-6,8; 16:1,17; 21:22). Distinct referent from ἐκκλησία/‘church’ (ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ); ମନ୍ଦିର is lexically appropriate here for an actual sanctuary but carries strong Odisha-specific resonance and must never be confused with ‘church’ vocabulary.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ସୁସମାଚାର
Transliteration: susamācāra
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ଖବର
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation paired with αἰώνιος (‘eternal’) at 14:6, reinforcing that it is one unchanging historical announcement, not a category alongside the Panchasakha poets’ devotional Odia Bhagavata tradition.
Grace
Approved rendering: କୃପା
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Rejected alternatives: କର୍ମଫଳ, ପୁଣ୍ୟ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Opens (1:4) and closes (22:21) the book, and underlies the free gift of the water of life (21:6; 22:17); must preserve the contrast against seba/bhoga/pilgrimage-merit economies.
Faith
Approved rendering: ବିଶ୍ୱାସ
Transliteration: biśwāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ଭକ୍ତି
Original: πίστις / πιστός
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Commended among the seven churches and the martyrs (2:10,13,19; 13:10; 14:12; 17:14); specific, exclusive trust in Christ, not Vaishnav bhakti devotional surrender.
Holy
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର
Transliteration: pabitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Used of the holy city (21:2,10), God’s character (4:8; 15:4), the redeemed (22:11); distinct from ritual purity protocols of temple worship.
Saints
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର ଲୋକ
Transliteration: pabitra loka
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ସାଧୁ, ପଞ୍ଚସଖା
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ପଞ୍ଚସଖା. Occurs far more densely in Revelation (12x), often in martyrdom contexts (5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ରୀକରଣ
Transliteration: pabitrīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ଶୁଦ୍ଧିକରଣ
Original: ἁγιάζω (related)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Let the holy still be holy’ (22:11) names the Spirit’s ongoing moral work sustained to the book’s very close, not ritual purification.
Adoption
Approved rendering: ପୋଷ୍ୟ ପୁତ୍ରତ୍ୱ
Transliteration: poṣya putratva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ପୋଷା ନେବା
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 21:7’s overcomer inheriting sonship extends full son-status by grace, not hereditary seba-style temple-service entitlement.
Glory
Approved rendering: ମହିମା
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ତେଜ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Illuminates the New Jerusalem so it needs no sun (21:11,23-24); avoid light-only imagery merging with generic divine-radiance devotion.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ଶକ୍ତି
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ଶକ୍ତି. Celebrated in heaven’s worship refrains (5:12; 7:12; 12:10; 19:1); also anchors the resolution of παντοκράτωρ (see ‘almighty’).
Covenant
Approved rendering: ନିୟମ
Transliteration: niyama
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ଚୁକ୍ତି
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The ark of the covenant appears in the opened heavenly temple (11:19); requires OT background note.
Election
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନୋନୟନ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Manonayana
Doctrine: Book of Life and Election
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, ନିୟତି
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the Book of Life doctrine: names written ‘before the foundation of the world’ (13:8; 17:8) reflect God’s personal choice, not ଭାଗ୍ୟ/ନିୟତି or a karma-style ledger.
Providence
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ପରିଚାଳନା
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Paricāḷanā
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ଭାଗ୍ୟ, କର୍ମର ନିୟମ
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically underlies Revelation’s Sovereignty of God over History doctrine; resist ଭାଗ୍ୟ/karma-law readings of the judgment sequences.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ବଂଶ
Transliteration: Dāudaṅka Baṃśa
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (rendered there as ‘ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ବଂଶରୁ’). The cognate ‘offspring’ appears at 22:16 alongside ‘Root of David’; render consistently with the established Davidic-lineage phrase.
Sin
Approved rendering: ପାପ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ଅଧର୍ମ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Freed from by Christ’s blood (1:5); named as Babylon’s defining character (18:4-5).
Lamb
Approved rendering: ମେଷଶାବକ
Transliteration: meṣaśābaka
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s primary title in Revelation (28 occurrences, 5:6 through 22:1,3). Established Odia/Bengali Christian term (cf. John 1:29 tradition). Must not flatten into Odisha’s Shakta animal-sacrifice (bali) tradition; teach as unique, sufficient, once-for-all atonement. Translator note required at first occurrence (5:6).
Almighty
Approved rendering: ସର୍ବସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟବାନ
Transliteration: sarbasāmarthyabāna
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ସର୍ବଶକ୍ତିମାନ
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
New term; RESOLVED per human theologian ruling for baseline consistency. Never ସର୍ବଶକ୍ତିମାନ (built on the rejected ଶକ୍ତି root). Fixed divine title at 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22 — apply consistently at every occurrence.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ବାକ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Bākya
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ଲୋଗୋସ୍ (bare transliteration)
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New term. Names the rider on the white horse (19:13), echoing John 1:1,14; connects directly to the baseline’s Incarnation doctrine (ଦେହଧାରଣ).
Lion Of Judah
Approved rendering: ଯିହୂଦା ବଂଶର ସିଂହ
Transliteration: Yihūdā baṃśara siṃha
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα
Category: Christology
New term (5:5). Immediately reinterpreted as the slain Lamb (5:6); this reversal must always be preserved to avoid loose association with Narasiṃha, Vishnu’s lion-man avatāra.
Firstborn Of The Dead
Approved rendering: ମୃତମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ପ୍ରଥମଜାତ
Transliteration: mṛtamānaṅka madhyaru prathamajāta
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν
Category: Eschatology
New term (1:5). Must connect explicitly to ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ [=baseline TM]; never suggest repeated rebirths.
Satan Devil
Approved rendering: ଶୟତାନ / ଦିଆବଳ
Transliteration: Śayatāna / Diābaḷa
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict: Satan and the Dragon
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘asura’/local malevolent-spirit categories
Original: Σατανᾶς / Διάβολος
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9-10; 20:2,7,10). Transliterated rather than a native malevolent-spirit term, avoiding the implication that Satan is merely one troublesome spirit among many rather than the singular ultimate adversary.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରାଣୀ
Transliteration: prāṇī
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: ପଶୁ (reserved exclusively for θηρίον)
Original: ζῷα
Category: Worship
New term (4:6-9; 5:6,8,11,14; 6:1,3,5-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4). Must never share a rendering with ପଶୁ (beast); some English versions’ ‘beasts’ for ζῷα is a known confusion source to avoid.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: ଚିହ୍ନ
Transliteration: chihna
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast versus Seal of God
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). Must remain lexically distinct from ମୁଦ୍ରା (see ‘seal_of_god’) so the two opposing ownership-marks are never confused.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ବେଷ୍ଟିତା ନାରୀ
Transliteration: sūryyare beṣṭitā nārī
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Symbolic Imagery
New term (12:1-2,4-6,13-17). Radiant celestial-female imagery risks goddess-iconography association (Durga, Lakshmi, regional Shakta goddesses); requires a mandatory clarifying note that this symbolizes God’s covenant people, not a venerated divine figure.
Hades
Approved rendering: ହାଦେସ୍
Transliteration: Hādēsa
Doctrine: Resurrection of the Dead
Rejected alternatives: ପାତାଳ
Original: Ἅιδης
Category: Eschatology
New term (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). Transliterated, never ପାତାଳ (an actual Hindu cosmological netherworld, home of the Nagas), following the same logic as ପରିତ୍ରାଣ vs ମୋକ୍ଷ.
Abyss
Approved rendering: ଅଗାଧ ଗର୍ତ୍ତ
Transliteration: agādha gartta
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict: Satan and the Dragon
Rejected alternatives: ପାତାଳ, ଆବୁସ୍ (bare transliteration — opaque)
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Eschatology
New term, descriptive coinage (9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3). Avoids ପାତାଳ for the same Naga-cosmology collision reason as ‘hades’.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: ଅଗ୍ନି ହ୍ରଦ
Transliteration: agni hrada
Doctrine: The Second Death and Eternal Punishment
Original: λίμνη τοῦ πυρός (καὶ θείου)
Category: Eschatology
New term (19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8). Must be kept distinct from generic Hindu Naraka (a temporary hell within an ongoing rebirth cosmology); this judgment is final and eternal.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: ମହାନ ଶ୍ୱେତ ସିଂହାସନ
Transliteration: mahāna śweta siṃhāsana
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Eschatology
New term (20:11). Purity signified is moral/judicial, following the baseline’s ପବିତ୍ର-vs-ritual-purity distinction; not ceremonial white-garment purity.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: ଜୀବନ ପୁସ୍ତକ
Transliteration: jībana pustaka
Doctrine: Book of Life and Election
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
New term (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27). Inclusion is grace-given (cf. 21:27, ‘the Lamb’s book of life’), not a karma-style merit ledger.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: ଆଚରଣ ଅନୁସାରେ ବିଚାର / କର୍ମ ଅନୁସାରେ ବିଚାର
Transliteration: āchāraṇa anusāre bichāra / karma anusāre bichāra
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Judgment
New term (20:12-13; 22:12). Prefer ଆଚରଣ ଅନୁସାରେ ବିଚାର over କର୍ମ ଅନୁସାରେ ବିଚାର wherever syntax allows; where କର୍ମ is unavoidable it must always be anchored explicitly to one personal God’s single final verdict, never an automatic impersonal rebirth-law process.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: କ୍ରୋଧ
Transliteration: krodha
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Justice
Original: ὀργή / θυμός
Category: Judgment
New term (6:16-17; 11:18; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15). Personal, judicial divine anger, not impersonal karmic retribution automatically unfolding.
Death
Approved rendering: ମୃତ୍ୟୁ
Transliteration: mṛtyu
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
New term (1:18; 6:8; 20:14; 21:4). Personified defeated enemy, permanently abolished (21:4; 20:14) — not one turn within an ongoing death-and-rebirth cycle, paralleling the ପୁନରୁତ୍ଥାନ/ପୁନର୍ଜନ୍ମ caution.
Bride
Approved rendering: ବଧୂ
Transliteration: badhū
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
New term (18:23; 19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17). Must not be assimilated to consort-goddess frameworks, e.g. the Lakshmi-Jagannath ‘estrangement and return’ legend; the Bride is the corporate redeemed people. Intensifies at 21:9’s ‘wife’ (ପତ୍ନୀ); mandatory translator note at first full development (19:7).
Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: ମେଷଶାବକଙ୍କ ବିବାହ
Transliteration: Meṣaśābakaṅka bibāha
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New term (19:7,9), built on ମେଷଶାବକ. Once-for-all covenant consummation; may reference Ananda Bazaar mahaprasad-sharing only as an illustrative, imperfect bridge point, never as equivalent.
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: ବାସ କରିବେ
Transliteration: bāsa karibe
Doctrine: God’s Dwelling with His People
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: New Creation
New term (7:15; 12:12; 13:6; 15:5; 21:3, core passage). Personal, relational divine presence, not an image ritually indwelt by divine essence (Nabakalebara framework).
Overcomer
Approved rendering: ବିଜୟୀ ହେଉଥିବା ଜଣ
Transliteration: bijayī heuthibā jaṇa
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ νικῶν / νικάω
Category: Perseverance
New term (2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 6:2; 11:7; 12:11; 13:7; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7). Victory through faithful endurance and costly witness (12:11’s own definition, locked as the interpretive key), never triumphalist/Rath-Yatra-style conquest.
Worthy
Approved rendering: ଯୋଗ୍ୟ
Transliteration: yogya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
New term (4:11; 5:2,4,9,12). The Lamb’s worthiness is achieved through sacrifice and extended to believers by grace, not accumulated through devotional merit or pilgrimage.
Incense
Approved rendering: ଧୂପ
Transliteration: dhūpa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θυμίαμα(τα)
Category: Worship
New term (5:8; 8:3-4, prayer-metaphor sense; 18:13, distinct literal trade-cargo sense requiring a disambiguating footnote). Must be taught as figure for direct, unmediated prayer, not efficacious ritual offering (cf. Jagannath temple’s chhatiśā niyoga incense service).
Living Water
Approved rendering: ଜୀବନ ଜଳ
Transliteration: jībana jaḷa
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Original: ὕδωρ (πηγὴ) τῆς ζωῆς…δωρεάν
Category: New Creation
New term (21:6, core passage; 22:1,17). Must be paired with ମାଗଣାରେ (‘freely’); guard against assimilation to Mahodadhi sea-bathing purification/pilgrimage-merit traditions.
Trisagion
Approved rendering: ପବିତ୍ର, ପବିତ୍ର, ପବିତ୍ର
Transliteration: pabitra, pabitra, pabitra
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος
Category: Worship
New term (4:8), built on ପବିତ୍ର [=baseline TM]. Fixed liturgical formula; never abbreviated or paraphrased.
Testimony Witness
Approved rendering: ସାକ୍ଷ୍ୟ / ସାକ୍ଷୀ
Transliteration: sākṣya / sākṣī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
New term (1:2,9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4). The semantic shift from neutral ‘witness’ to costly ‘martyr’ must be conveyed through context/teaching notes.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: କ୍ଲେଶ / ମହାକ୍ଲେଶ
Transliteration: kleśa / mahākleśa
Doctrine: The Great Tribulation
Original: θλῖψις / ἡ θλῖψις ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Perseverance
New term (1:9; 2:9-10,22; 3:10; 7:14). Must be disambiguated from the Yogic-philosophical technical sense of kleśa (Patañjali’s five inward afflictions); external persecution, not inward affliction.
Perseverance
Approved rendering: ସହନଶୀଳତା / ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ
Transliteration: sahanaśīḷatā / dhairya
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
New term (1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12). Active, hope-filled endurance grounded in Christ’s certain victory, not passive karma-based resignation.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: ମୁଦ୍ରା
Transliteration: mudrā
Doctrine: Mark of the Beast versus Seal of God
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Perseverance
New term (5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4). Must remain lexically distinct from ଚିହ୍ନ (see ‘mark_of_the_beast’) so the two opposing ownership-marks are never confused.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ନିଗୂଢ଼ ତତ୍ତ୍ୱ
Transliteration: nigūḍha tattwa
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: ରହସ୍ୟ
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Apocalyptic Genre
New term (1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7). Prefer over ରହସ୍ୟ, which carries a Tantric/esoteric ‘secret knowledge for initiates’ connotation; Revelation’s mystery is openly disclosed truth for the whole church.
Prostitute
Approved rendering: ମହା ବେଶ୍ୟା
Transliteration: mahā beśyā
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: πόρνη (ἡ μεγάλη)
Category: Symbolic Imagery
New term (17:1,5,15-16; 19:2). Babylon personified, deliberately contrasted with νύμφη (bride); requires sensitive handling given social stigma while preserving the text’s rhetorical force. Keep root distinct from πόρνος (21:8 vice-list) while preserving the intended wordplay.
Kingdom Transfer
Approved rendering: ଜଗତର ରାଜ୍ୟ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କର ରାଜ୍ୟ ହୋଇଅଛି
Transliteration: jagatara rājya āmbhamānaṅka prabhuṅkara rājya hoiachi
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου ἐγένετο τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Kingdom
New term (11:15), built on ପ୍ରଭୁ and ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ [=baseline TM]. Thesis-level verse; locked, verbatim cross-document rendering required.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ଶାନ୍ତି
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ମନ ଶାନ୍ତି
Inherited from Romans package. Opens the book’s greeting (1:4); relational peace through Christ, not devotional-ritual calm.
Intercession
Approved rendering: ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥତା
Transliteration: madhyasthatā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to the incense-as-prayers imagery (5:8; 8:3-4): direct, unmediated access to God, not priestly ritual mediation.
David
Approved rendering: ଦାଉଦ
Transliteration: Dāuda
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Named at ‘key of David’ (3:7), ‘Root of David’ (5:5), and ‘Root and Offspring of David’ (22:16).
Israel
Approved rendering: ଇସ୍ରାଏଲ
Transliteration: Isrāela
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the twelve tribes (2:14; 7:4; 21:12).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ
Transliteration: Parameśwaraṅka Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία (τοῦ θεοῦ / τοῦ κόσμου)
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Announced as having replaced ‘the kingdom of the world’ at the seventh trumpet (11:15); part of the locked cross-document thesis rendering (see kingdom_transfer).
Church
Approved rendering: ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ମନ୍ଦିର, ଦେଉଳ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; NEVER ମନ୍ଦିର or ଦେଉଳ. Addresses the seven literal local churches (1:4,11,20; chs.2-3) and closes the book (22:16). Distinct referent from ναός/‘temple’ (see ‘temple’), which does appropriately use ମନ୍ଦିର.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି
Transliteration: anyajāti
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ବିଦେଶୀ
Original: ἔθνη (contrastive sense)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reserved for the contrastive Jew/Gentile sense only. Revelation’s dominant usage is the inclusive fourfold formula ‘every tribe, tongue, people, nation’ — see ‘nations_fourfold_formula’ for that distinct sense.
Beginning And End
Approved rendering: ଆରମ୍ଭ ଓ ଶେଷ
Transliteration: āraṃbha o śeṣa
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος
Category: God
New term. Restates Alpha-Omega in plain Odia (21:6; 22:13); must contrast linear, purposive, terminating history with cyclical kalpa/yuga cosmology.
Root Of David
Approved rendering: ଦାଉଦଙ୍କ ମୂଳ
Transliteration: Dāudaṅka mūḷa
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
New term, built on ଦାଉଦ [=baseline TM] (5:5; 22:16, ‘Root and Offspring of David’). Extends the baseline’s Davidic Covenant doctrine; requires OT background note.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରଭାତୀ ତାରା
Transliteration: prabhātī tārā
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
New term. Promised to overcomers (2:28), applied to Christ himself (22:16, ‘ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ୱଳ ପ୍ରଭାତୀ ତାରା’). Minor risk of association with Venus/Śukra in South Asian astrology; anchor purely to Christ.
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: ପଶୁର ସଂଖ୍ୟା
Transliteration: paśura saṅkhyā
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (13:17-18). Retain Arabic numerals (666) per baseline citation convention; requires a mandatory gematria/symbolic-number teaching note.
Accuser
Approved rendering: ଅଭିଯୋଗକାରୀ
Transliteration: abhiyogakārī
Doctrine: Cosmic Conflict: Satan and the Dragon
Original: κατήγωρ
Category: Cosmic Conflict
New term (12:10). Satan’s legal-courtroom accusing activity, now decisively defeated; standard legal term, low direct collision.
New Heaven New Earth
Approved rendering: ନୂତନ ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ / ନୂତନ ପୃଥିବୀ
Transliteration: nūtana swarga / nūtana pṛthibī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐρανὸς καινός / γῆ καινή
Category: New Creation
New term (21:1, core passage). Once-for-all qualitative renewal, not a recurring kalpa/pralaya cosmic cycle; ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ must not read as a temporary merit-based realm preceding rebirth. Note: the underlying doctrine is Critical-risk per assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json even though the lexical term-substitution risk itself is Medium.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: ନୂତନ ଯିରୁଶାଲମ
Transliteration: nūtana Yirūśālama
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: New Creation
New term (3:12; 21:2,10). Continuity/fulfillment of OT Zion promises; requires brief background note given assumed low OT narrative literacy.
Rainbow
Approved rendering: ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରଧନୁ
Transliteration: indradhanu
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἶρις
Category: Symbolic Imagery
New term (4:3; 10:1). Literally ‘Indra’s bow’; unavoidable everyday word, low functional risk in modern usage, but a brief Noahic-covenant anchoring note is worthwhile.
Trial
Approved rendering: ପରୀକ୍ଷା
Transliteration: parīkṣā
Doctrine: The Great Tribulation
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Perseverance
New term (2:10; 3:10). Keep distinguishable in context from θλῖψις/tribulation.
Throne
Approved rendering: ସିଂହାସନ
Transliteration: siṃhāsana
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
New term (40+ occurrences throughout). Central sovereignty motif; consistency required across every occurrence.
Revelation Unveiling
Approved rendering: ପ୍ରକାଶନ
Transliteration: prakāśana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Prophecy of Scripture
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apocalyptic Genre
New term (1:1). The book’s own title/genre marker; establishes apocalyptic reading expectations, recommend introductory genre teaching note.
Sign
Approved rendering: ଚିହ୍ନ / ଲକ୍ଷଣ
Transliteration: chihna / lakṣaṇa
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Apocalyptic Genre
New term (12:1,3; 13:13-14; 15:1; 16:14; 19:20). Context must disambiguate from ଚିହ୍ନ’s separate use as ‘mark of the beast’; requires accompanying genre notes.
Babylon
Approved rendering: ମହା ବାବିଲନ
Transliteration: Mahā Bābilana
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Apocalyptic Genre
New term (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21). Transliterated proper noun for the symbolic anti-God world-system, not a literal city-rebuilding prophecy.
Nations Fourfold Formula
Approved rendering: ଜାତି
Transliteration: jāti
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Redeemed Multitude
Original: ἔθνος, φυλή, γλῶσσα, λαός
Category: Church
New term (5:9; 7:9; 14:6). Inclusive, non-contrastive sense — ‘every nation without exception’ — distinct from ଅନ୍ୟଜାତି’s Jew/Gentile contrastive sense; flag for native-speaker review at each occurrence.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ହେଲା
Transliteration: sampanna helā
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Γέγονεν
Category: Eschatology
New term (16:17; 21:6, core passage). Render consistently at both occurrences to preserve the deliberate structural echo between judgment’s completion and new creation’s completion; echo John 19:30’s Odia rendering where feasible.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: ସହସ୍ର ବର୍ଷ
Transliteration: sahasra barṣa
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
New term (20:2-7). Render literally without resolving the millennial-view debate (premillennial/amillennial/postmillennial) within the translation itself.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବକ୍ତା
Transliteration: bhabiṣyadbaktā
Doctrine: Inspiration and Prophecy of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷୀ
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout (1:3; 10:11; 11:3,10; 16:6; 18:20,24; 19:10,20; 22:6-9); also the root for the negated ‘false prophet’ (see beast_from_earth_false_prophet).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀ
Transliteration: bhabiṣyadbāṇī
Doctrine: Inspiration and Prophecy of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ଗଣନା
Inherited from Romans package. The book’s own self-description (1:3; 22:7,10,18-19), reinforced by the severe warning against addition/subtraction with no parallel in devotional literature.
Amen
Approved rendering: ଆମେନ
Transliteration: Āmena
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Worship
New TM entry; transliteration convention already established in the baseline system prompt. Closes doxologies (1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4) and the whole book (22:20-21); far more frequent than in Romans.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: ହାଲେଲୁୟା
Transliteration: Hālelūyā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
New TM entry; transliteration convention already established in the baseline system prompt. The book’s clearest sustained worship refrain (19:1,3,4,6).
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: ଆଲଫା ଓ ଓମେଗା
Transliteration: Ālaphā o Omegā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
New term; transliterated per baseline’s transliteration-for-fixed-formulas precedent (cf. ଆମେନ, ହାଲେଲୁୟା). Gloss ଆରମ୍ଭ ଓ ଶେଷ at first occurrence. Divine self-title of the Father (1:8) and Christ (21:6; 22:13).
Referenced passages