Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Peter (English → Polish)
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md into a single per-term reference table for Phase 2 translation memory population. Terms marked Baseline reuse carry forward their exact Polish rendering and risk tier from the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked New term are proposed additions for this curriculum’s translation memory, pending Phase 1 Step 8 (Core Glossary finalization) and theologian sign-off for Critical/High items.
Risk tier definitions (unchanged from baseline): Critical = human theologian review every occurrence; High = human theologian review; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.
Chapter 1 (1:1–15) — Salutation, Divine Nature, Call to Virtue
| Term (gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant/slave | δοῦλος | doulos | sługa | Medium | Apostleship | New term | Full “owned by a master” sense should be taught, not just “helper.” |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostolos | apostoł | Low | Apostleship | Baseline reuse | Unchanged from Romans. |
| faith (of equal standing) | ἰσότιμος πίστις | isotimos pistis | wiara równie cenna | Medium | Faith | New term (phrase) | Do not read “equal” through Polak-katolik inherited-identity lens. |
| faith | πίστις | pistis | wiara | Critical | Faith | Baseline reuse | All baseline “Polak-katolik” cautions apply. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | dikaiosynē | sprawiedliwość | Critical | Salvation | Baseline reuse | Forensic/gracious, not merit-based, per baseline. |
| God and Savior (deity of Christ) | Θεός … καὶ Σωτήρ | Theos … kai Sōtēr | Bóg i Zbawiciel | Critical | Deity of Christ | New term (Savior) + Baseline reuse (God) | Sharp’s-rule construction; applies “God” and “Savior” both to Jesus. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Zbawiciel | Critical | Salvation / Deity of Christ | New term | Connects directly to baseline “zbawienie.” Mandatory theologian review. |
| Christ | Χριστός | Christos | Chrystus | Critical | Messianic Promise | New term | Equate explicitly with baseline “Mesjasz.” |
| grace | χάρις | charis | łaska | High | Grace | Baseline reuse | Unchanged from Romans. |
| peace | εἰρήνη | eirēnē | pokój | Medium | Peace with God | Baseline reuse | Unchanged from Romans. |
| knowledge (full/relational) | ἐπίγνωσις | epignōsis | poznanie (pełne/dokładne) | High | Reliability & Inspiration of Scripture / Growing in Virtue | New term | Lexical-gap risk vs. γνῶσις; flag for native speaker review where distinction matters. |
| knowledge (general) | γνῶσις | gnōsis | wiedza / poznanie | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term | Distinguish from ἐπίγνωσις where context requires. |
| divine power | θεία δύναμις | theia dynamis | Boska moc | Medium | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | New term | Power given, not achieved; guards against moralism in virtue chain. |
| virtue/excellence | ἀρετή | aretē | cnota | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term | Must not be conflated with Catholic catechetical “cnoty” (theological/cardinal virtue lists); Spirit-enabled, not self-achieved. |
| promise | ἐπάγγελμα | epangelma | obietnica | Low | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | New term | Standard. |
| divine nature (partakers of) | θεία φύσις / κοινωνοὶ θείας φύσεως | theia physis / koinōnoi theias physeōs | Boska natura / uczestnicy Boskiej natury | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | New term | HIGHEST cultural-collision risk in this book: must be distinguished from Orthodox theosis/przebóstwienie, New Age “divine spark,” and self-divinization; moral/relational participation only, never ontological equality with God. |
| corruption | φθορά | phthora | zepsucie / skażenie | High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | New term | Reused in ch. 2 (false teachers’ own corruption). Moral sense must be retained, not softened to mere decay. |
| lust/desire | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | pożądliwość | Medium | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | New term | Consistently negative in 2 Peter. |
| diligence | σπουδή | spoudē | zapał / staranie | Low | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term | Standard. |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια | enkrateia | powściągliwość | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term | Spirit-enabled, not willpower asceticism. |
| perseverance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | wytrwałość | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term | Standard. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | pobożność | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term | Risk of collapse into external devotional-practice piety (nabożeństwa, pielgrzymki) rather than holistic God-reverence. |
| brotherly kindness | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | miłość braterska | Low | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term | Standard. |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | miłość | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term — add to TM; absent from Romans baseline | Broad Polish word; clarify as culminating, self-giving love, not romantic/sentimental. |
| calling | κλῆσις | klēsis | powołanie | Critical | Divine Calling | Baseline reuse | All baseline priesthood/religious-life collision cautions apply. |
| election | ἐκλογή | eklogē | wybranie | High | Effectual Calling | Baseline reuse | Unchanged from Romans. |
| eternal kingdom | αἰώνιος βασιλεία | aiōnios basileia | wieczne królestwo | Medium | Kingdom Mission | Baseline-adjacent | Reuses baseline “królestwo Boże” cautions. |
| tent/body | σκήνωμα | skēnōma | namiot (ciała) | Low | — | New term | Metaphor for the mortal body; low doctrinal risk. |
| departure | ἔξοδος | exodos | odejście | Medium | — | New term | Deliberate echo of “Wyjście” (Exodus) lost without a teaching note. |
Chapter 1:16–21 (Core Passage) — Additional Terms Not Listed Above
| Term (gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| myth/fable | μῦθος | mythos | zmyślone mity / bajki | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Negation must stay emphatic; avoid reinforcing secular “all religion is myth” framing. |
| coming (Parousia) | παρουσία | parousia | przyjście (paruzja) | Critical | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | New term | Literal, future, visible, bodily return; never metaphorical presence/influence. Must render identically at 1:16; 3:4; 3:12. |
| power | δύναμις | dynamis | moc | Medium | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | Baseline reuse | Parallel to “moc Boża.” |
| Lord | κύριος | kyrios | Pan | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Baseline reuse | Unchanged from Romans. |
| eyewitnesses | ἐπόπτης | epoptēs | naoczni świadkowie | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Retain “naoczni” qualifier; do not flatten to generic “świadkowie.” |
| majesty | μεγαλειότης | megaleiotēs | majestat | Medium | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | New term | Standard. |
| honor | τιμή | timē | cześć | Low | — | New term | Standard, paired with chwała. |
| glory | δόξα | doxa | chwała | High | Deity of Christ | Baseline reuse | Doubled usage: honor/glory received, and “Majestic Glory” as title for the Father. |
| Majestic Glory (title) | μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα | megaloprepēs doxa | Chwała pełna majestatu / Wspaniała Chwała | High | Deity of Christ | New term | Reverent title for God the Father; must be capitalized/marked as a divine name. |
| Son (of God, Sonship) | υἱός | huios | Syn | Critical | Sonship of Christ | Baseline-adjacent | Same Critical status as baseline “Syn Boży”; Father’s direct declaration. |
| beloved | ἀγαπητός | agapētos | umiłowany | Medium | Sonship of Christ | New term | Reserve for Christ’s unique Sonship here; do not conflate with believers’ adoptive “dzieci umiłowane.” |
| well-pleased | εὐδοκέω | eudokeō | mieć upodobanie | Low-Medium | Sonship of Christ | New term | Standard phrasing. |
| voice | φωνή | phōnē | głos | Low | — | New term | Standard. |
| heaven | οὐρανός | ouranos | niebo | Low | — | New term | Standard. |
| holy mountain | ἅγιον ὄρος | hagion oros | święta góra | Medium | Sanctification (adjacent) | Baseline reuse (ἅγιος) | Avoid folk-devotional sacred-geography conflation. |
| prophetic word | προφητικὸς λόγος | prophētikos logos | słowo prorockie | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | Baseline-adjacent | Elevated doctrinal weight in this curriculum vs. baseline’s Low-risk “prorok.” |
| more sure/confirmed | βεβαιότερος | bebaioteros | potwierdzone | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Preserve comparative force (more sure than eyewitness experience). |
| lamp | λύχνος | lychnos | lampa | Low | — | New term | Standard metaphor. |
| dark place | αὐχμηρὸς τόπος | auchmēros topos | ciemne/mroczne miejsce | Low | — | New term | Standard metaphor. |
| morning star | φωσφόρος | phōsphoros | gwiazda poranna | Critical | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | New term | NEVER render as “Lucyfer” — severe collision with Polish name for Satan. Always “gwiazda poranna.” |
| heart | καρδία | kardia | serce | Low | — | New term | Clarify fuller biblical sense (mind/will/affections), not only emotion. |
| Scripture | γραφή | graphē | Pismo (Święte) | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Central doctrine anchor term for this curriculum; distinct from Catholic Scripture-plus-Tradition framing. |
| prophecy | προφητεία | prophēteia | proroctwo | Low (baseline) / High (doctrine here) | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | Baseline reuse | Doctrinally elevated in this curriculum. |
| one’s own | ἴδιος | idios | własny | Low | — | New term | Standard. |
| interpretation/origin | ἐπίλυσις | epilysis | wykładnia / wyjaśnienie | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Genuine ambiguity (origin vs. interpretation reading); flag for theologian review. |
| will of man | θέλημα ἀνθρώπου | thelēma anthrōpou | wola człowieka | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Standard. |
| carried/borne along | φέρω (pheromenoi) | pheromenoi | prowadzeni / unoszeni [przez Ducha Świętego] | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Primary proof-text verb for inspiration doctrine; mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | Pneuma Hagion | Duch Święty | Critical | Sanctification / Inspiration | Baseline reuse | Unchanged from Romans. |
| spoke from God | λαλέω ἀπὸ Θεοῦ | laleō apo Theou | mówili od Boga | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Must preserve both real human speech and divine source/authorization. |
Chapter 2 — False Teachers and Their Judgment
| Term (gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| false prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης | pseudoprophētēs | fałszywy prorok | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Reuses baseline “prorok.” |
| false teacher | ψευδοδιδάσκαλος | pseudodidaskalos | fałszywy nauczyciel | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Anchor term for this doctrine; professing insiders, not external skeptics. |
| destructive heresy/teaching | αἵρεσις ἀπωλείας | hairesis apōleias | zgubne nauki | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Avoid “herezja” alone — carries canon-law-specific connotation narrower than Peter’s usage. |
| Master/Sovereign | δεσπότης | despotēs | Władca | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment / Lordship of Christ | New term | Keep lexically distinct from “Pan” (kyrios); stronger ownership-authority sense. |
| destruction/perdition | ἀπώλεια | apōleia | zguba / zatracenie | High | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | New term | Direct antonym of baseline “zbawienie.” |
| judgment | κρίσις | krisis | sąd | High | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | New term | Judicial/courtroom sense; God as rightful Judge. |
| Tartarus (cast into) | ταρταρόω | tartaroō | wtrącił do ciemności (paraphrase; avoid transliterating “Tartar”) | Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Direct Greco-Roman mythology borrowing; paraphrase to avoid importing pagan place-name; mandatory theologian review. |
| flood | κατακλυσμός | kataklysmos | potop | Low | — | New term | Standard (Noah). |
| Sodom and Gomorrah / Noah / Lot | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα / Νῶε / Λώτ | Sodoma kai Gomorra / Nōe / Lōt | Sodoma i Gomora / Noe / Lot | Low | — | New terms (proper names) | Standard forms; require OT background notes. |
| sensuality/debauchery | ἀσέλγεια | aselgeia | rozpusta | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Standard. |
| dominion/authority | κυριότης | kyriotēs | zwierzchność / władza pańska | Medium-High | False Teachers and Their Judgment / Lordship of Christ | New term | Connect perceptibly to “Pan.” |
| freedom/liberty | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | wolność | Medium-High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Preserve the false-promise irony (freedom that is really slavery to phthora). |
| Balaam | Βαλαάμ | Balaam | Balaam | Low | — | New term (proper name) | Requires OT background note (Numbers 22–24). |
| commandment | ἐντολή | entolē | przykazanie | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Distinguish from baseline “Prawo” (Torah as a whole). |
| proverb | παροιμία | paroimia | przysłowie | Low | — | New term | Standard; preserve the vivid dog/vomit and sow/mire imagery plainly. |
Chapter 3 — The Day of the Lord, Scoffers, and the Patience of God
| Term (gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Status | Key note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| scoffer/mocker | ἐμπαίκτης | empaiktēs | szyderca | High | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | New term | Direct opposition to Parousia doctrine. |
| coming (Parousia) | παρουσία | parousia | przyjście (paruzja) | Critical | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | Reuse from Ch.1 | Must render identically across 1:16; 3:4; 3:12. |
| creation | κτίσις | ktisis | stworzenie | Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | New term | Standard. |
| patience/longsuffering | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | cierpliwość [Boża] | High | Patience of God’s Timing | New term | Purposeful, salvation-oriented; not fatalistic slowness. Mandatory theologian review. |
| is slow/delays | βραδύνει | bradynei | nie zwleka / nie jest powolny | Medium | Patience of God’s Timing | New term | Negation must be emphatic, paired with positive patience statement. |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | nawrócenie (preferred) / upamiętanie | Critical | Patience of God’s Timing / Day of the Lord | New term | Do NOT default to “pokuta” (sacramental Penance association); inward turning, not ritual act alone. Mandatory theologian review. |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα Κυρίου | hēmera Kyriou | dzień Pański / dzień Pana | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | New term | Anchor term for named doctrine; reuses baseline “Pan”; sudden, certain, universal, inescapable. |
| elements | στοιχεῖα | stoicheia | żywioły | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | New term | Standard. |
| new heavens and new earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν | kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn | nowe niebiosa i nowa ziemia | Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | New term | Definitive re-creation, not cyclical rebirth — parallels baseline’s resurrection caution. |
| spotless and blameless | ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι | aspiloi kai amōmētoi | nieskalani i bez zarzutu | Low | — | New term | Standard. |
| twist/distort (Scripture) | στρεβλόω | strebloō | przekręcają | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | New term | Deliberate misuse of recognized Scripture (Paul’s letters), not mere misunderstanding. |
| error | πλάνη | planē | błąd | Low-Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | New term | Standard. |
| grow in grace and knowledge | αὐξάνω ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει | auxanō en chariti kai gnōsei | wzrastać w łasce i poznaniu | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | New term (phrase) | Closing thesis-summary verse (3:18); enforce identical rendering across all curriculum documents, per baseline’s cross-document consistency rule. |
Cross-Reference: Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline (No Deviation Permitted)
| Term | Polish rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| faith | wiara | Critical |
| righteousness | sprawiedliwość | Critical |
| grace | łaska | High |
| peace | pokój | Medium |
| glory | chwała | High |
| holy / holy mountain | święty | Medium/High |
| calling | powołanie | Critical |
| election | wybranie | High |
| Lord | Pan | Critical |
| Holy Spirit | Duch Święty | Critical |
| God | Bóg | Critical |
| Jesus | Jezus | Critical |
| apostle | apostoł | Low |
| prophet / prophecy | prorok / proroctwo | Low |
| kingdom of God | królestwo Boże | Medium |
| power of God | moc Boża | Medium |
| salvation (conceptually linked via σωτήρ) | zbawienie | Critical |
Notes for Phase 1 Step 8 Finalization
- New Critical-risk terms requiring theologian pre-approval before Phase 2: θεία φύσις / κοινωνοὶ θείας φύσεως (“uczestnicy Boskiej natury”), γραφή (“Pismo”), φέρω/pheromenoi (“prowadzeni przez Ducha Świętego”), μετάνοια (“nawrócenie”), ἡμέρα Κυρίου (“dzień Pański”), παρουσία (“przyjście/paruzja”), ταρταρόω (paraphrase), φωσφόρος (“gwiazda poranna” — never “Lucyfer”), σωτήρ (“Zbawiciel”), Χριστός (“Chrystus”).
- New term to be added to translation memory not present in the Romans baseline: ἀγάπη → “miłość” (Medium risk).
- All Critical and High risk new terms above should be carried into an updated
translation_memory.jsonanddoctrine_risk_registry.jsonfor 2 Peter in a subsequent Phase 1 step, following the same JSON schema as the Romans baseline.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. No change. 2 Peter 1:1’s ‘wiara równie cenna’ (see faith_equal_standing) reuses this term’s full Critical caution: personal trust in Christ, not inherited national-religious identity.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No change. 2 Peter 1:1 speaks of ‘the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ’ granting equally precious faith — forensic/gracious, not merit-based.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No change. In 2 Peter, functions as the direct antonym of apōleia (destruction/perdition, see destruction_perdition) and as the goal of God’s patience (3:9,15).
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No change. 2 Peter 1:10’s ‘confirm your calling and election’ (powołanie i wybranie) must not default to the culturally dominant Polish sense of a call to priesthood or religious life; every believer’s salvation-calling is meant.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Governs 2 Peter’s repeated formula ‘naszego Pana i Zbawiciela Jezusa Chrystusa’ (1:11; 2:20; 3:2,18). Must remain lexically distinct from despotēs/‘Władca’ (see master_sovereign) so Peter’s stronger term is not flattened into a repetition of ‘Pan.‘
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boży
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: syn Boży w sensie ogólnym, stosowanym do każdego wierzącego
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Directly confirmed by the Father’s voice in 2 Peter 1:17 (‘Syn mój umiłowany’) — the letter’s own eyewitness proof text for this doctrine.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesjasz
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Must be explicitly taught as equivalent to ‘Chrystus’ (see christ_name), since 2 Peter uses Christos overwhelmingly as a proper name rather than an explicit title, risking the two being perceived as unrelated.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Central to 2 Peter 1:1’s Sharp’s-rule construction ‘naszego Boga i Zbawiciela Jezusa Chrystusa,’ applying ‘God’ directly to Jesus.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. No change. The active, personal agent who ‘carried along’ (see carried_along) the human authors of Scripture in 2 Peter 1:21.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. No change.
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. No change. 2 Peter 1:17: ‘λαβὼν παρὰ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς’ — the Father who bestowed honor and glory on the Son at the Transfiguration.
Savior
Approved rendering: Zbawiciel
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wybawca (merely situational rescuer, lacks soteriological/divine weight)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
sōtēr. Part of 2 Peter’s repeated formula ‘Pan i Zbawiciel’ and of 1:1’s deity-of-Christ construction ‘Bóg i Zbawiciel Jezus Chrystus.’ Connects directly to baseline ‘zbawienie.’ Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Christ Name
Approved rendering: Chrystus
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Christos, used throughout 2 Peter as Jesus’s second name. Must be explicitly taught as equivalent to baseline ‘Mesjasz,’ since ordinary readers may process ‘Chrystus’ as a surname within ‘Jezus Chrystus’ rather than a fulfilled messianic title.
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: Boska natura / uczestnicy Boskiej natury
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: przebóstwienie (Orthodox theosis-specific ontological term), iskra Boża w każdym człowieku (New Age divine-spark framing), stanie się bogiem/bogami (self-divinization)
Original: θεία φύσις / κοινωνοὶ θείας φύσεως
Category: Divine Nature
theia physis / koinōnoi theias physeōs, 1:4. HIGHEST cultural-collision risk in this book. Must be explicitly distinguished at every occurrence from (1) Orthodox theosis/przebóstwienie, (2) New Age/pantheistic ‘divine spark,’ (3) self-divinization claims of new religious movements. Moral/relational participation in God’s holy character only; Creator-creature distinction absolute. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Parousia
Approved rendering: przyjście (paruzja)
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: obecność (metaphorical/spiritual presence — doctrinal error)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
parousia, 1:16; 3:4; 3:12. Render ‘przyjście’ in running text with ‘(paruzja)’ anchored parenthetically at first occurrence per chapter. Literal, future, visible, bodily return — never metaphorical influence. Must render identically at all three occurrences and across all curriculum documents.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: gwiazda poranna
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: Lucyfer (Polish proper name for Satan via unrelated Isaiah 14:12 Vulgate tradition — ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN), fosfor (false chemical-element cognate)
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Eschatology
phōsphoros, 1:19. Zero-tolerance prohibition on ‘Lucyfer’ in text or footnote; would attach Satan’s Polish proper name to an image of Christ’s illuminating return. Always ‘gwiazda poranna.’ Mandatory theologian review; enforce at Phase 2 validation-rule level, not merely flagged.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Pismo (Święte)
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: pisma (ordinary, lower-case ‘writings’)
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
graphē, 1:20; 3:16. Must consistently carry divinely authoritative, written-revelation force, distinct from the popular Catholic framing of Scripture held ‘alongside’ Sacred Tradition and the Magisterium as co-authoritative. Core-passage doctrinal anchor for this curriculum; elevated from the baseline’s Medium-risk inspiration doctrine to Critical here. Do not introduce ‘Tradycja’ language into the translation itself.
Carried Along
Approved rendering: prowadzeni / unoszeni przez Ducha Świętego
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: natchnieni (has drifted in contemporary Polish toward ‘creatively/artistically inspired,’ too weak for sovereign divine causation)
Original: φερόμενοι (from φέρω)
Category: Scripture
pheromenoi (from pherō), 1:21. Primary proof-text verb for the doctrine of Scripture’s inspiration across this whole curriculum — the ship-carried-by-wind image (cf. Acts 27:15,17, same verb). ‘Natchnieni’ is rejected as the primary verb; acceptable only as a supporting noun (‘natchnienie Pisma’) per the baseline doctrine name. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Tartarus Cast
Approved rendering: wtrącił do ciemności (opis, nie transliteracja ‘Tartar’)
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: wtrącił do Tartaru (direct transliteration of a Greco-Roman mythological place-name)
Original: ταρταρόω / Τάρταρος
Category: False Teaching
tartaroō, 2:4. Paraphrase only, never transliterate; a teaching note must explain Peter’s rhetorical borrowing of a term his Hellenistic audience recognized, without implying Scripture affirms Greek cosmology. Mandatory theologian review given the direct pagan-mythology collision.
Repentance
Approved rendering: nawrócenie
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: pokuta (unqualified) — strongly and specifically tied to the sacrament of Penance/Reconciliation, Sakrament Pokuty i Pojednania
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
metanoia, 3:9. Mirrors the exact collision pattern the Romans baseline documents for ‘wiara’ and ‘usprawiedliwienie.’ God’s patience aims at inward turning available to every person regardless of sacramental access. ‘Upamiętanie’ (Polish Protestant tradition) is an acceptable secondary rendering avoiding the same collision. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: dzień Pański / dzień Pana
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: dzień Pański as primary where Sunday-observance conflation risk is high — prefer ‘dzień Pana’
Original: ἡμέρα Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
hēmera Kyriou, 3:10. Reuses baseline’s Critical ‘Pan.’ Prefer ‘dzień Pana’ as primary rendering to reduce conflation with Sunday-observance (‘Dzień Pański’ = the Lord’s Day); retain ‘dzień Pański’ only with explicit eschatological framing. Must retain sudden, certain, universal, inescapable force.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No change. 2 Peter 1:2 prays grace be ‘multiplied’ through epignōsis (full knowledge) of God and Jesus; 3:18’s closing exhortation to ‘grow in grace’ reuses this term unchanged.
Election
Approved rendering: wybranie
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Paired with ‘powołanie’ in 2 Peter 1:10.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: poznanie (pełne/dokładne)
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: wiedza (too generic, collapses distinction with gnōsis)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Christian Virtue
epignōsis. 2 Peter’s central relational-knowledge term (1:2,3,8; 2:20; cf. 3:18’s gnōsis). Polish lacks a clean lexical pair matching epignōsis/gnōsis; flag for native speaker review wherever the distinction matters doctrinally, especially 1:3 vs 1:5-6 and 3:18.
Virtue
Approved rendering: cnota
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: ósma cnota / dodatkowa cnota katechizmowa (framing as an eighth catechism virtue)
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Christian Virtue
aretē, 1:3,5. Must not be conflated with the catechetically prominent Polish Catholic ‘cnoty’ framework (three theological + four cardinal virtues, Thomistic tradition); teach as Spirit-enabled organic fruit of divine power already given (1:3), not an ascetic-effort checklist.
Corruption
Approved rendering: zepsucie / skażenie
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: zepsucie (bez kwalifikatora moralnego) — ryzyko potocznego ‘zepsucie żywności’
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature
phthora, 1:4; reused 2:12,19 of the false teachers’ own corruption and their false ‘freedom.’ Moral sense (corruption of character) must be retained, not softened to mere colloquial decay/spoilage.
Godliness
Approved rendering: pobożność
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Christian Virtue
eusebeia, 1:6-7. Risk of collapse into external devotional-practice piety (nabożeństwa, pielgrzymki, popular Marian devotion) rather than holistic, every-domain God-reverence 2 Peter intends. Pair with explicit clarifying language every occurrence.
Myth
Approved rendering: zmyślone mity / bajki
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: mit (bare, without intensifier — risks reinforcing secular ‘all religion is myth’ framing)
Original: μῦθος
Category: Scripture
mythos, 1:16. Negation must stay emphatic (‘nie…postępując za zmyślonymi mitami’); casual secular Polish use of ‘mit’ for any religious claim makes a weak negation risk ironically conceding the charge Peter refutes.
Majestic Glory Title
Approved rendering: Chwała pełna majestatu / Wspaniała Chwała
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: poetyczny opis blasku (impersonal radiance description)
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God
megaloprepēs doxa, 1:17. A reverent title for God the Father as source of the heavenly voice at the Transfiguration; must be capitalized and clearly a divine name, not impersonal poetic radiance.
Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: słowo prorockie
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητικὸς λόγος
Category: Scripture
prophētikos logos, 1:19. Baseline rates ‘prorok’/‘proroctwo’ Low in isolation; this curriculum elevates the doctrine attached to this phrase to Critical/High — carries authority surpassing even apostolic eyewitness testimony in certainty, not a lesser devotional literary category.
Interpretation Origin
Approved rendering: wykładnia / wyjaśnienie
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
epilysis, 1:20. AMBIGUITY FLAG: Greek scholarship divides between an ‘origin’ reading and an ‘interpretation’ reading; both converge doctrinally (divine, not human, authority over prophecy). ‘Wykładnia’ chosen as primary per majority modern commentary consensus; record ‘origin’ reading as alternative in segment cache. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Spoke From God
Approved rendering: mówili od Boga
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ
Category: Scripture
elalēsan apo Theou, 1:21. Must preserve both halves of the balance: real human speech, and its ultimate divine source — neither dictation-only nor merely human-inspired-by-general-religious-feeling.
False Teacher
Approved rendering: fałszywy nauczyciel
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλος
Category: False Teaching
pseudodidaskalos, 2:1. Anchor term for this doctrine. Must be taught as professing insiders within the church, not merely external skeptics — a distinction easily lost without explicit framing.
Destructive Heresy
Approved rendering: zgubne nauki
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: herezje (bare) — carries a narrower canon-law-specific Polish Catholic meaning (formally defined offense under the Codex of Canon Law) that would wrongly exclude undeclared but destructive teaching
Original: αἵρεσις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teaching
hairesis apōleias, 2:1. Use ‘zgubne nauki’ as primary; reserve ‘herezja’ for an etymological footnote only.
Master Sovereign
Approved rendering: Władca
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: despota (modern Polish carries a strongly negative political connotation — tyrant/dictator — absent from the biblical sense), Pan (would flatten the distinct, stronger term into a repetition of kyrios)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
despotēs, 2:1. Christ’s absolute ownership through the price of redemption. Must be kept lexically distinct from baseline ‘Pan’ (kyrios) so students perceive Peter’s rhetorical escalation to a stronger ownership-authority term.
Destruction Perdition
Approved rendering: zguba / zatracenie
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ruina/porażka (this-worldly, weakens the eternal sense)
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: Eschatology
apōleia, 2:1,3; 3:7,16. Direct antonym of baseline ‘zbawienie.’ Must be understood as final, eternal ruin under God’s judgment.
Judgment
Approved rendering: sąd
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
krisis, 2:3,9. Ensure the judicial, courtroom sense — a verdict rendered by the rightful Judge — not a vague sense of disapproval.
Dominion Authority
Approved rendering: zwierzchność / władza pańska
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
kyriotēs, 2:10. Ensure the connection to baseline ‘Pan’ (kyrios) is perceptible so the seriousness of despising Christ’s own authority is not lost.
Freedom
Approved rendering: wolność
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: False Teaching
eleutheria, 2:19. Must be carefully distinguished from true Spirit-given freedom taught elsewhere in the NT; the irony (promised freedom that is really slavery to phthora) must be preserved.
Scoffer
Approved rendering: szyderca
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαίκτης
Category: Eschatology
empaiktēs, 3:3. Standard vocabulary, but flag for its doctrinal context wherever it appears, since the doctrine at stake (certainty of the parousia) is Critical.
Patience Gods
Approved rendering: cierpliwość [Boża]
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: cierpliwość (bez kwalifikatora ‘Boża’) — ryzyko biernego, ludzkiego odczytania cechy charakteru
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Providence
makrothymia, 3:9,15. Always qualify as ‘cierpliwość Boża’/‘Boża cierpliwość’; never leave unqualified. Purposeful, salvation-oriented, not fatalistic slowness. Mandatory theologian review.
Twist Distort
Approved rendering: przekręcają
Doctrine: Scripture Canon Consciousness
Original: στρεβλόω
Category: Scripture
strebloō, 3:16. Deliberate misuse, not mere misunderstanding, of Paul’s writings — already recognized as γραφή/Scripture in Peter’s lifetime — leading to destruction; must connect clearly to the core Scripture-reliability doctrine.
Grow In Grace Knowledge
Approved rendering: wzrastać w łasce i poznaniu
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: αὐξάνετε ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει
Category: Christian Virtue
auxanō en chariti kai gnōsei, 3:18. The letter’s closing thesis-summary verse, tying grace and knowledge together as inseparable marks of Christian growth, answering both the false teachers’ corrupted knowledge claims (ch.2) and the virtue doctrine of ch.1. Requires the same cross-document consistency enforcement the baseline applies to Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10.
Medium Risk Terms
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: królestwo Boże
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Underlies eternal_kingdom_phrase (1:11’s ‘wieczne królestwo’).
Peace
Approved rendering: pokój
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No change. 2 Peter 1:2 prays grace and peace be multiplied through epignōsis of God and Jesus our Lord.
Holy
Approved rendering: święty
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Underlies holy_mountain (1:18’s ‘święta góra’).
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Doubled usage in 2 Peter 1:17: honor and glory received by the Son, and ‘the Majestic Glory’ (see majestic_glory_title) as a reverent title for the Father.
Sin
Approved rendering: grzech
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: drobne przewinienie (minimizing euphemism)
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Underlies 2:4’s ‘angels who sinned’ and the general moral corruption (see corruption, lust_desire) that pervades chapters 1-2.
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: sługa
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: pomocnik (hired helper, too weak)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
2 Peter 1:1, Peter’s self-designation alongside ‘apostoł.’ Established Bible term, but ordinary Polish ‘sługa’ suggests a hired servant rather than a slave with no legal autonomy; teaching material must clarify total-ownership sense without replacing the rendering.
Faith Equal Standing
Approved rendering: wiara równie cenna
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara taka sama jak nasza dziedzictwo narodowe
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Faith
2 Peter 1:1, isotimos pistis. Must not be read through the ‘Polak-katolik’ lens of shared national-Catholic heritage; affirms equal personal trust in Christ across all generations of genuine believers.
General Knowledge
Approved rendering: wiedza / poznanie
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Virtue
gnōsis, the virtue-chain link (1:5) and 3:18’s growth term, distinguished from epignōsis where the contrast carries doctrinal weight.
Divine Power
Approved rendering: Boska moc
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: Divine Nature
theia dynamis, 1:3. God’s own power supplies everything needed for life and godliness, grounding the virtue chain in grace, not human self-improvement; teach before, not after, the virtue chain to preserve grace-first sequencing.
Lust Desire
Approved rendering: pożądliwość
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
epithymia; consistently negative in 2 Peter (1:4; 2:10,18; 3:3).
Self Control
Approved rendering: powściągliwość
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Christian Virtue
enkrateia, 1:6. Teach as Spirit-enabled self-mastery flowing from 1:3’s divine power, not willpower-driven asceticism.
Perseverance
Approved rendering: wytrwałość
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Christian Virtue
hypomonē, 1:6, virtue-chain link.
Love
Approved rendering: miłość
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christian Virtue
agapē, 1:7 and 3:18. New addition to translation memory, absent from the Romans baseline TM. Polish ‘miłość’ spans romantic/familial/patriotic senses; clarify as the culminating, others-oriented, self-giving quality crowning the virtue chain, not romantic or sentimental love.
Eternal Kingdom Phrase
Approved rendering: wieczne królestwo
Doctrine: Eternal Kingdom
Original: αἰώνιος βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
aiōnios basileia, 1:11, ‘the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.’ Reuses baseline ‘królestwo Boże’ cautions against political/nationalist reading; entry tied to virtue-chain fruit, not to national or cultural Catholic heritage.
Departure
Approved rendering: odejście
Doctrine: —
Original: ἔξοδος
Category: Eschatology
exodos, 1:15. Deliberate echo of ‘Wyjście’ (the Polish title of Exodus) and Christ’s own ‘exodos’ at the Transfiguration (Luke 9:31); a bare translation loses this echo entirely without a teaching note.
Power
Approved rendering: moc
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: δύναμις
Category: Christology
dynamis, 1:16, paired with parousia (‘power and coming’). Parallel to, but distinct from, baseline ‘moc Boża’ (power_of_god); ensure the pairing conveys a forceful, unnegotiable event.
Eyewitnesses
Approved rendering: naoczni świadkowie
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: świadkowie (generic, loses firsthand/eyewitness weight)
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture
epoptēs, 1:16. Retain the ‘naoczni’ qualifier; grounds apostolic testimony in verified experience rather than legend.
Majesty
Approved rendering: majestat
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology
megaleiotēs, 1:16, the Transfiguration glory previewing Christ’s parousia glory.
Beloved
Approved rendering: umiłowany
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: dzieci umiłowane (general adoptive sense applied to believers)
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
agapētos, 1:17. Reserve for Christ’s unique Sonship declaration; do not conflate with adoptive love language for believers, to protect the Critical Sonship-of-Christ distinction.
Well Pleased
Approved rendering: mieć upodobanie
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: εὐδοκέω
Category: Christology
eudokeō, 1:17. Standard Polish Bible phrasing for the Father’s perfect approval of the Son.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: święta góra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιον ὄρος
Category: Sanctification
hagion oros, 1:18, the Mount of Transfiguration. Not a shrine/pilgrimage site in the sense of Polish folk-Catholic sacred geography (e.g., Jasna Góra); brief clarifying note advisable.
More Sure
Approved rendering: potwierdzone (bardziej)
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερος
Category: Scripture
bebaioteros, 1:19. Must preserve the comparative force — more sure than Peter’s own firsthand Transfiguration experience — not merely ‘sure’ without comparison.
Will Of Man
Approved rendering: wola człowieka
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: θέλημα ἀνθρώπου
Category: Scripture
thelēma anthrōpou, 1:21. Negates human initiative as Scripture’s source, preparing for the positive statement of divine origin.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: fałszywy prorok
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: False Teaching
pseudoprophētēs, 2:1. Reuses baseline ‘prorok’; parallels Israel’s history of false prophets with the coming rise of false teachers.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: rozpusta
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: False Teaching
aselgeia, 2:2,7,18, the moral pattern of both the false teachers and the culture of Sodom.
Commandment
Approved rendering: przykazanie
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
entolē, 2:21, ‘the holy commandment’ delivered to believers, distinct from baseline ‘Prawo’ (Torah as a whole) — the specific gospel instruction handed to believers.
Creation
Approved rendering: stworzenie
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κτίσις
Category: Eschatology
ktisis, 3:4. Scoffers appeal to its apparent unchanging continuity to deny coming intervention; Peter counters with the Flood precedent (3:5-6).
Is Slow Delays
Approved rendering: nie zwleka / nie jest powolny
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: nie bardzo się spieszy (weak negation, inadvertently concedes the scoffers’ charge)
Original: βραδύνει
Category: Providence
bradynei, 3:9. Negation must be emphatic and immediately paired with the positive purpose statement (space for repentance).
Elements
Approved rendering: żywioły
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
stoicheia, 3:10,12, the fundamental physical components dissolved in the Day of the Lord’s judgment.
New Heavens New Earth
Approved rendering: nowe niebiosa i nowa ziemia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn, 3:13. Teach as a definitive, once-for-all re-creation, paralleling the baseline’s resurrection caution against cyclical-rebirth readings; relevant given cyclical cosmologies in some New Age/Eastern-influenced Polish popular spirituality.
Error
Approved rendering: błąd
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: πλάνη
Category: False Teaching
planē, 3:17, the letter’s closing warning summarizing chapter 2’s false-teacher content.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostoł
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Peter’s self-designation in 1:1, paired with ‘sługa’ (see servant_slave); reprised at 3:2’s reference to apostolic commandment alongside prophetic word.
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No change. Underlies false_prophet (2:1) by negation.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: proroctwo
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No change, but doctrinally elevated in this curriculum: 2 Peter 1:20-21 makes ‘πᾶσα προφητεία γραφῆς’ (wszelkie proroctwo Pisma) the anchor statement for Scripture’s divine, non-human origin. Term rendering is unchanged; doctrinal weight attached to it is Critical/High in this curriculum.
Promise
Approved rendering: obietnice
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπάγγελμα
Category: Covenant
epangelma, 1:4, ‘precious and very great promises’ by which believers escape corruption and share the divine nature.
Diligence
Approved rendering: zapał / staranie
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: σπουδή
Category: Christian Virtue
spoudē, 1:5, first link in the virtue chain.
Brotherly Kindness
Approved rendering: miłość braterska
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Christian Virtue
philadelphia, 1:7, virtue-chain link.
Tent Body
Approved rendering: namiot (ciała)
Doctrine: —
Original: σκήνωμα
Category: Eschatology
skēnōma, 1:13-14, Peter’s metaphor for his mortal body as death approaches.
Honor
Approved rendering: cześć
Doctrine: —
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology
timē, 1:17, paired with ‘chwała.‘
Voice
Approved rendering: głos
Doctrine: —
Original: φωνή
Category: God
phōnē, 1:17-18, the audible voice of the Father — direct, verifiable divine communication.
Heaven
Approved rendering: niebo
Doctrine: —
Original: οὐρανός
Category: God
ouranos, 1:18, source of the Father’s voice.
Lamp Dark Place
Approved rendering: lampa świecąca w ciemnym miejscu
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λύχνος / αὐχμηρὸς τόπος
Category: Scripture
lychnos / auchmēros topos, 1:19. Standard metaphor: Scripture as guiding light in a spiritually dark age.
Heart
Approved rendering: serce
Doctrine: —
Original: καρδία
Category: Faith
kardia, 1:19. Polish ‘serce’ leans toward emotion in everyday use; teaching material should clarify the fuller biblical sense (mind, will, and affections together).
Own
Approved rendering: własny
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἴδιος
Category: Scripture
idios, 1:20 — prophecy did not originate from any prophet’s private initiative.
Flood
Approved rendering: potop
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Covenant
kataklysmos, 2:5, Noah’s flood, a precedent of past judgment and deliverance.
Sodom Gomorrah Noah Lot
Approved rendering: Sodoma i Gomora / Noe / Lot
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα / Νῶε / Λώτ
Category: Covenant
2:5-7, standard established Polish Bible proper-name forms; require brief Old Testament background notes.
Balaam
Approved rendering: Balaam
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Covenant
2:15-16, Old Testament prophet corrupted by love of gain (Numbers 22-24); requires OT background note.
Proverb
Approved rendering: przysłowie
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: παροιμία
Category: False Teaching
paroimia, 2:22, introducing the dog/vomit and sow/mire images; translate plainly and vividly, preserving intentional shock value.
Spotless Blameless
Approved rendering: nieskalani i bez zarzutu
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι
Category: Christian Virtue
aspiloi kai amōmētoi, 3:14, the moral quality believers are urged toward in anticipation of the Day of the Lord.
Referenced passages