Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus (English–Polish)
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md across the whole book of Titus (chapters 1–3). It is organized in two parts:
- Part A lists terms already established in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.jsonandbible_term_registry.json. These renderings MUST be reused exactly — no alternatives are proposed here. - Part B lists new terms introduced by Titus’s specific doctrinal emphases, organized by curriculum doctrine, each with a proposed Polish rendering, risk tier, and translation notes. These are candidates for addition to the translation memory in Phase 1 Step 8 / Phase 2 onboarding.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys/alters essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding; automated review sufficient.
Part A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Language Package
| English Term | Greek (Titus occurrence) | Polish Rendering (from baseline TM) | Baseline Risk | Titus Occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | χάρις | łaska | High | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7; 3:15 | Central to core passage; grace as agent (2:11–12), instrument of justification (3:7), closing benediction (3:15). |
| faith | πίστις | wiara | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:13; 2:2, 2:10 (sense-distinct, see Part B note); 3:15 | 2:10’s πίστις = demonstrated fidelity/trustworthiness in conduct, not saving faith — flagged distinctly in Part B. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | sprawiedliwość | Critical | 3:5 | ”Works done in righteousness” explicitly excluded as the basis of salvation (3:5) — reinforces baseline note on merit-cooperation risk. |
| justification | δικαιωθέντες (verb) | usprawiedliwieni | Critical | 3:7 | Forensic, completed-action justification “by his grace.” |
| salvation | ἔσωσεν (verb), σωτήριος (adj.) | zbawił / zbawcza | Critical | 2:11; 3:5 | Verb and adjective forms of the baseline noun; same doctrinal caution applies. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostoł | Low | 1:1 | Standard. |
| holy | ἅγιος (πνεῦμα ἅγιον) | święty | Medium/High (per Holy Spirit context) | 3:5 | Occurs only as part of “Holy Spirit,” not as a free-standing descriptor of believers in Titus. |
| election | ἐκλεκτῶν, λαὸν περιούσιον | wybranych / lud wybrany na własność | High | 1:1; 2:14 | Avoid fatalistic “przeznaczenie/los” framing; avoid nationally-bounded reading of “peculiar people.” |
| peace | εἰρήνη | pokój | Medium | 1:4 | Standard epistolary greeting, paired with grace. |
| glory | δόξα | chwała | Medium | 2:13 | ”The appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior.” |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | napominać | Low | 2:15 | Standard; distinguish from νουθεσία (3:10), a different Greek root — see Part B. |
| God | θεός | Bóg | Critical | throughout | Standard. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jezus | Critical | 1:1, 1:4; 2:13; 3:6 | Standard. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Duch Święty | Critical | 3:5 | Standard; agent of regeneration/renewal. |
| Father | θεοῦ πατρός | Ojciec | Critical | 1:4 | ”From God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior” — greeting formula. |
| imputed righteousness (doctrinal concept) | οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων…ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | (concept reused; no single-word Polish term) | Critical | 3:5 | Direct conceptual parallel to baseline “imputed_righteousness” doctrine (Romans 4): salvation is credited/granted, not earned by righteous deeds performed. |
Part B — New Terms Introduced by Titus, Organized by Curriculum Doctrine
B1. Grace That Trains for Godly Living
| English Gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trains/disciplines (grace’s own action) | παιδεύουσα | paideuousa | wychowuje | Critical | Anchor term of the doctrine (2:12). Rejected: “karci” (too narrowly punitive). Must never imply training earns the grace already given. |
| trains/urges to sensibility (mentoring action) | σωφρονίζωσιν | sōphronizōsin | kształtować w rozsądku / uczyć rozwagi | Critical | Parallel anchor term (2:4) — models grace’s formative pattern in community (older women → younger women). |
| self-controlled, sound-minded | σώφρων / σωφρόνως | sōphrōn / sōphronōs | rozsądny / z rozwagą | High | Recurring word-family (1:8; 2:2, 2:5, 2:6, 2:12); must be rendered with a single consistent Polish root throughout Titus so the theme is traceable. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς | eusebeia / eusebōs | pobożność / pobożnie | High | Risk of narrowing to external religious observance (Mass attendance, devotional practice) rather than grace-formed inward-and-outward character; must be explicitly tied to 2:11’s grace as source. |
| disciplined, self-mastered | ἐγκρατής | egkratēs | opanowany / powściągliwy | Medium | Elder qualification (1:8); supporting term in the training/discipline word-field. |
| worldly desires | κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι | kosmikai epithymiai | światowe pożądliwości | Medium | The negative pole grace’s training turns believers from (2:12). |
B2. Qualifications for Elders
| English Gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | starszy | High | Distinguish from clerical “prezbiter” (priest) and from the age-based adjective “starszy/starsi” used in 2:2–3 for older men/women. |
| overseer / bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | biskup | Critical | MAJOR collision with Polish Catholic institutional hierarchy. Used as a synonym for πρεσβύτερος in Titus 1:5–7 (local congregational role), not the developed diocesan office. Mandatory teaching note every occurrence. Rejected for primary use (though noted as disambiguating gloss): “nadzorca.” |
| blameless | ἀνέγκλητος | anegklētos | nienaganny | Medium | Reputation-based, not sinless-perfection standard. |
| husband of one wife / a one-woman man | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | mąż jednej żony | High | Render literally; preserve the interpretive range in teaching material rather than resolving it via translation choice. |
| believing/faithful children | τέκνα πιστά | tekna pista | dzieci wierzące (alt. dzieci posłuszne) | Medium | Genuine Greek ambiguity (believing vs. obedient); flag for consistent translator choice. |
| insubordinate | ἀνυπότακτος | anypotaktos | nieposłuszny / buntowniczy | Medium | Disqualifying trait for elders’ children (1:6) and false teachers (1:10); cross-reference submission doctrine. |
| self-willed, quick-tempered, given to wine, violent, greedy for [shameful] gain | αὐθάδης, ὀργίλος, πάροινος, πλήκτης, αἰσχροκερδής | authadēs, orgilos, paroinos, plēktēs, aischrokerdēs | samowolny, gniewliwy, oddany piciu wina, awanturniczy, chciwy niegodziwego zysku | Low-Medium | Vice list disqualifying elder candidates; concrete vocabulary preferred over abstraction. |
| hospitable, lover of good | φιλόξενος, φιλάγαθος | philoxenos, philagathos | gościnny, miłujący dobro | Low | Positive qualifications. |
| holy/devout (distinct from ἅγιος) | ὅσιος | hosios | świątobliwy / pobożny | Medium | Distinguish explicitly from baseline święty (ἅγιος) — different Greek root, personal-piety nuance. |
| holding firmly to the trustworthy word as taught | ἀντεχόμενος τοῦ πιστοῦ λόγου | antechomenos tou pistou logou | trzymający się wiernego słowa | High | Doctrinal-teaching qualification for elders; ties directly to B3 below. |
B3. Sound Doctrine and Good Works
| English Gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sound doctrine / sound teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | zdrowa nauka | Critical | Anchor phrase (1:9; 1:13; 2:1). Must be taught as apostolic gospel content, not redirected toward institutional Magisterial authority as its ultimate source. |
| sound speech beyond reproach | λόγον ὑγιῆ ἀκατάγνωστον | logon hygiē akatagnōston | zdrowe, nienagannego słowo | Medium | Same root-family as “zdrowa nauka”; consistency flag. |
| good works | καλὰ ἔργα | kala erga | dobre czyny / dobre uczynki | Critical | The letter’s most repeated phrase (1:16; 2:7, 14; 3:1, 8, 14). MUST be taught as the necessary fruit of grace/salvation (2:11–14; 3:8), never its cause (3:5) — direct collision risk with the Catholic merit-and-indulgence framework historically associated with “dobre uczynki.” Both emphases (grace-not-works AND works-as-necessary-fruit) must be held together explicitly. |
| adorn the doctrine | κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν | kosmōsin tēn didaskalian | przyozdabiać naukę | High | Key linking term between sound doctrine and good works (2:10); good conduct commends, never replaces, doctrine. |
| empty talkers, deceivers | ματαιολόγοι, φρεναπάται | mataiologoi, phrenapatai | gadający puste słowa, zwodziciele | High | Descriptions of false teachers opposing sound doctrine (1:10). |
| commandments of men | ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων | entolai anthrōpōn | przykazania ludzkie | High | Contrasted with sound doctrine; parallels baseline caution against conflating true obedience with human religious precepts. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | sumienie | Medium | Distinguish the letter’s point (an unbelieving mind/conscience is itself defiled) from the mechanics of sacramental confession practice. |
| unfit for any good work | πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἀδόκιμοι | pros pan ergon agathon adokimoi | niezdatni do żadnego dobrego czynu | High | Negative counterpart closing ch.1; sets up the positive good-works instruction of ch.2–3. |
| faithful is the saying (formula) | Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | Wiarygodne jest to słowo | High | Formulaic doctrinal-summary marker (3:8); shared with 1–2 Timothy if added later to this curriculum. |
B4. Salvation by Grace not Works / Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
| English Gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not by works of righteousness which we have done | οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | ouk ex ergōn tōn en dikaiosynē | nie z uczynków sprawiedliwości | Critical | Anchor negative clause (3:5); direct parallel to baseline Trent-vs-Reformation tension already documented for “grace,” “justification,” and “imputed_righteousness.” |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | miłosierdzie | Critical | MAJOR collision with Poland’s Divine Mercy devotion (St. Faustina Kowalska, Łagiewniki shrine, Divine Mercy Sunday). Doctrinal point (mercy, not works, saves) must not be tied to specific devotional practices as its operative channel. |
| washing | λουτρόν | loutron | obmycie / kąpiel | Critical | MAJOR collision with Catholic baptismal-regeneration sacramental theology (CCC §1213–1274). Present alongside, never detached from, “renewal by the Holy Spirit” in the same verse — do not resolve the sacramental question dogmatically, but flag the ritual-alone reading as a risk. |
| regeneration | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | odrodzenie | Critical | Anchor term (3:5). Collision with secular Polish usage (“odrodzenie narodowe,” the Renaissance “odrodzenie”); must be taught as the Spirit’s specific, personal, monergistic saving work in the individual, not generalized national/cultural/moral renewal. |
| renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | odnowienie | High | Paired with παλιγγενεσία (3:5); related to but distinct from baseline uświęcenie (sanctification) — teach as overlapping, not identical, emphases. |
| poured out (of the Spirit) | ἐξέχεεν | exechéen | wylał | Medium | Pentecost echo (cf. Acts 2:17); Trinitarian structure of 3:4–6 (Father saves, through the Spirit, poured out through Christ). |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Zbawiciel | Critical | THE dominant Christological title of Titus (6 occurrences: 1:3, 1:4, 2:10, 2:13, 3:4, 3:6), applied to both God the Father and Jesus Christ. Titus never uses κύριος (“Lord”) as a title for Christ — “Zbawiciel” carries the weight baseline “Pan” (Lord) carries in Romans. Requires consistent, careful rendering throughout. |
| great God and Savior [Jesus Christ] (Granville Sharp construction) | τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | tou megalou theou kai sōtēros hēmōn Iēsou Christou | wielkiego Boga i Zbawiciela naszego, Jezusa Chrystusa | Critical | Single-article Greek grammar identifies one Person (Jesus Christ) as both “great God” and “Savior” — a primary deity-of-Christ proof text; must not be rendered ambiguously as two separate referents. |
| appeared / appearing (epiphany motif) | ἐπεφάνη / ἐπιφάνεια | epephanē / epiphaneia | objawiła się / objawienie | High | Occurs 2:11, 2:13, 3:4 as an inclusio bracketing the letter’s ethics. Risk of narrowing to the Polish liturgical feast “Objawienie Pańskie” (Epiphany/Trzech Króli) or to the book of Revelation (“Objawienie”) rather than the full doctrinal sweep (Christ’s first coming in grace / second coming in glory). |
| kindness; love for mankind | χρηστότης; φιλανθρωπία | chrēstotēs; philanthrōpia | dobroć; miłość do ludzi | Medium | God’s decisive saving benevolence (3:4); avoid the secular-humanitarian register of modern Polish “filantropia.” |
| heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | dziedzic | Medium | Cross-reference baseline usynowienie (adoption) — heirship as the entailment of adoption; full inheritance rights. |
| hope (of eternal life / blessed hope) | ἐλπίς | elpis | nadzieja | Medium | New term for this curriculum (not in Romans baseline TM); occurs 1:2, 2:13, 3:7. Add to translation memory; ties to assurance-of-salvation themes. |
B5. Submission to Authority
| English Gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσεσθαι | hypotassesthai | być poddanym / poddawać się | Critical | Anchor verb used of civil rulers (3:1), wives (2:5), and slaves (2:9). Must convey willing, ordered submission to legitimate authority, not coerced subjugation or unconditional political quietism — a live tension in Polish history (Wyszyński, Solidarność) that should be addressed in teaching notes for 3:1. |
| to obey / heed rule | πειθαρχεῖν | peitharchein | być posłusznym / słuchać (władzy) | High | Reinforces ὑποτάσσεσθαι (3:1); same civil-authority caution applies. |
| rulers, authorities | ἀρχαῖς ἐξουσίαις | archais exousiais | władzom i urzędom | Medium | Civil government, parallel to Romans 13:1–7 already documented in the baseline package. |
| submitting to their own husbands | ὑποτασσόμεναι τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν | hypotassomenai tois idiois andrasin | poddane własnym mężom | Critical | Household-code submission (2:5); teach within the broader NT household-code context of mutual love and self-giving, not in isolation. |
| slaves…submit to their own masters | δοῦλοι…ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι | douloi…idiois despotais hypotassesthai | słudzy…poddawać się własnym panom | High | Household-code submission (2:9); note historical-cultural distance (no institution of slavery in contemporary Poland) — teach the underlying principle without uncritical direct transfer to modern employment. |
| showing all good faith/fidelity (conduct sense, not saving faith) | πίστιν πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν | pistin pasan endeiknymenous agathēn | okazujący wszelką dobrą wierność | Medium | Sense-distinct from baseline wiara (saving faith); πίστις here means demonstrated trustworthiness in conduct (2:10) — flag explicitly to avoid importing saving-faith theology into a workplace-ethics statement. |
B6. Avoiding Divisive Controversies
| English Gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις | mōrai zētēseis | głupie spory / głupie dociekania | High | Anchor phrase (3:9). Teach as a call to avoid unproductive, faith-destroying disputation, not as license to avoid theological precision generally. |
| genealogies | γενεαλογίαι | genealogiai | genealogie / rodowody | Low | Speculative disputes tied to the false teachers of ch.1. |
| strifes, quarrels | ἔρεις | ereis | kłótnie / spory | Medium | |
| legal quarrels / quarrels about the Law | μάχαι νομικαί | machai nomikai | spory o Prawo | Medium | Reuse baseline Prawo (capitalized) for the Mosaic Law referent. |
| a divisive/factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | człowiek wywołujący podziały / człowiek sekciarski | Critical | MUST NOT render as “heretyk” — anachronistically imports the full post-apostolic, Reformation/Counter-Reformation-era weight of that Polish term. Titus 3:10’s sense is a person who causes division/faction, not yet the developed doctrinal category of “heresy.” |
| admonition/warning | νουθεσία | nouthesia | upomnienie | Medium | Distinguish from baseline napominać (used for παρακαλέω, 2:15) — a different Greek root with more warning/correction than encouragement. |
| circumcision party | περιτομή (οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς) | peritomē | stronnictwo obrzezania | Medium | Specific Jewish-Christian faction (1:10); handle with the same historical sensitivity the baseline package applies to Jewish-Gentile unity themes. |
| empty talkers, deceivers | ματαιολόγοι, φρεναπάται | mataiologoi, phrenapatai | gadający puste słowa, zwodziciele | High | (Cross-listed with B3; false teachers driving divisive controversy, 1:10.) |
B7. Supporting Household & Virtue/Vice Vocabulary (Low–Medium risk, reviewed for completeness)
| English Gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| older man / older woman (age, not office) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβύτις | presbytēs / presbytis | starszy mężczyzna / starsza kobieta | Medium | Qualifications for Elders (disambiguation) |
| sober, dignified | νηφάλιος, σεμνός | nēphalios, semnos | trzeźwy, godny (poważania) | Low | Grace That Trains |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | miłość | Low | Grace That Trains |
| endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | wytrwałość | Low | Grace That Trains |
| reverent (fitting for sacred things) | ἱεροπρεπής | hieroprepēs | poważny / pełen godności | Medium | Qualifications for Elders (adjacent) — avoid quasi-priestly literalism |
| slanderous (adjective, not “the devil”) | διάβολος (adj.) | diabolos | plotkarski / oszczerczy | Medium | Sound Doctrine (household witness) — explicit note against confusing with “diabeł” |
| enslaved to much wine | οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμέναι | oinō pollō dedoulōmenai | zniewolone nadmiernym piciem wina | Low | Grace That Trains |
| teaching what is good | καλοδιδάσκαλος | kalodidaskalos | uczące dobra | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works |
| pure/chaste (distinct from ἅγιος) | ἁγνός | hagnos | czysty | Medium | Grace That Trains — distinguish from święty |
| working at home | οἰκουργός / οἰκουρός | oikourgos / oikouros | zajęta domem / gospodarna | Low-Medium | Submission to Authority (textual variant note) |
| well-pleasing | εὐάρεστος | euarestos | miły / godny upodobania | Low | Submission to Authority |
| foolish, disobedient, led astray | ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς, πλανώμενοι | anoētoi, apeitheis, planōmenoi | głupi, nieposłuszni, błądzący | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works (pre-conversion state, 3:3) |
| enslaved to desires and pleasures | δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς | douleuontes epithymiais kai hēdonais | zniewoleni pożądliwościami i rozkoszami | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works |
| malice, envy, hateful, hating one another | κακία, φθόνος, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους | kakia, phthonos, stygētoi, misountes allēlous | złość, zazdrość, nienawistni, nienawidzący się wzajemnie | Low | Salvation by Grace not Works (vice list, 3:3) |
| example, pattern | τύπος | typos | wzór | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works |
| integrity/incorruptibility | ἀφθορία (v.l. ἀφθαρσία) | aphthoria / aphtharsia | nienaganność / niezepsucie | Low-Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (textual variant) |
| self-condemned | αὐτοκατάκριτος | autokatakritos | sam siebie osądza | Low-Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies |
| send off eagerly (hospitality) | σπουδαίως προπέμπειν | spoudaiōs propempein | z gorliwością wyprawić w drogę | Low | Christian Fellowship (baseline doctrine, reused conceptually) |
| unfruitful | ἄκαρπος | akarpos | bezowocny | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works |
B8. Proper Names
| English | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Titus | Τίτος | Titos | Tytus | Low |
| Crete / Cretan(s) | Κρήτη / Κρῆτες | Krētē / Krētes | Kreta / Kreteńczycy | Low |
| Zenas | Ζηνᾶς | Zēnas | Zenas | Low |
| Apollos | Ἀπολλῶς | Apollōs | Apollos | Low |
| Artemas | Ἀρτεμᾶς | Artemas | Artemas | Low |
| Tychicus | Τυχικός | Tychikos | Tychikos | Low |
| Nicopolis | Νικόπολις | Nikopolis | Nikopolis | Low |
Summary Risk Statistics (New Terms, Part B)
| Risk Tier | Count (approx.) |
|---|---|
| Critical | 12 |
| High | 12 |
| Medium | 24 |
| Low | 26 |
Highest-priority items for Phase 2 human theologian review: ἐπίσκοπος (“biskup”), λουτρόν παλιγγενεσίας (“obmycie odrodzenia”), ἔλεος (“miłosierdzie”), αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος (must not render “heretyk”), καλὰ ἔργα (“dobre czyny/uczynki”), σωτήρ (“Zbawiciel”) and the Granville Sharp construction in 2:13, ὑποτάσσεσθαι (“być poddanym”), and the grace/training terms παιδεύουσα / σωφρονίζωσιν.
This glossary extends, and must remain consistent with, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. New terms proposed here should be formally added to translation memory (with version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation of Titus begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:1, 1:4, 1:13, 3:15 in the saving/doctrinal sense. Distinct from the conduct-sense at 2:10 (demonstrated trustworthiness, not saving faith) — see ‘demonstrated_fidelity’ entry below; do not conflate the two senses.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s ‘works… in righteousness’ (ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ) is explicitly excluded as the basis of salvation, reinforcing the baseline Trent-vs-Reformation caution; 2:12’s adverbial δικαίως describes righteous conduct flowing from grace, not conduct that earns righteous standing.
Justification
Approved rendering: usprawiedliwienie
Transliteration: dikaiōsis / dikaiōthentes (verb)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: stopniowe uświęcenie zamiast deklaracji prawnej
Original: δικαιωθέντες
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7’s δικαιωθέντες is an aorist passive marking a completed forensic declaration ‘by his grace,’ directly sequenced after the grace-not-works denial of 3:5. Preserve the forensic sense without collapsing into gradual sacramental transformation.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōtērios / esōsen
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Original: σωτηρία / σωτήριος / ἔσωσεν
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus uses verb and adjective forms: ‘zbawcza’ (σωτήριος, 2:11) and ‘zbawił’ (ἔσωσεν, 3:5). Same doctrinal caution applies: received by faith, not conferred automatically through sacramental participation or national-religious belonging.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus frequently pairs this with the title ‘Zbawiciel’ (1:3, 3:4) and identifies Jesus Christ with this title in the Granville Sharp construction of 2:13.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:1, 1:4, 2:13, 3:6, always in close association with ‘Zbawiciel’. NOTE: Titus never uses ‘Pan’ (κύριος) as a title for Christ, so ‘Zbawiciel’ carries the theological weight ‘Pan’ carries throughout Romans.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5: agent of ‘odnowienie’ (renewal) alongside the ‘obmycie’ (washing) of regeneration.
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: θεοῦ πατρός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4’s opening greeting: ‘od Boga Ojca i Chrystusa Jezusa, Zbawiciela naszego.‘
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: poczytana sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn (Rom 4 root concept)
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość wlana (kategoria trydencka)
Original: οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ…ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s full clause (‘nie z uczynków sprawiedliwości…lecz z miłosierdzia swego’) is the conceptual parallel in this letter; no single Polish word renders it, the concept is carried by the whole clause. Reuse the baseline doctrinal caution: salvation is granted, not achieved.
Christ
Approved rendering: Chrystus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Deity of Christ
New proper-name entry for the Titus TM (not a separate baseline key, but follows the established Polish Bible-translation form named in the baseline system prompt: ‘Christ = Chrystus’). Always paired with ‘Jezus’ in Titus (‘Jezus Chrystus’); functions together with ‘Zbawiciel’ as the letter’s dominant title structure, since Titus never uses ‘Pan’ as a title for Christ.
Not By Works
Approved rendering: nie z uczynków sprawiedliwości, które my sami uczyniliśmy
Transliteration: ouk ex ergōn tōn en dikaiosynē ha epoiēsamen hēmeis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: częściowe uznanie uczynków za współprzyczynę zbawienia
Original: οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς
Category: Salvation
Anchor negative clause (Titus 3:5). Must render the negation (‘nie… lecz…’) with full force; any softening that allows works a partial causal role in salvation directly contradicts the verse’s grammar and the baseline’s documented grace-vs-merit tension in Polish Catholic catechesis.
Mercy
Approved rendering: miłosierdzie
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: miłosierdzie realizowane głównie przez nabożeństwo do Bożego Miłosierdzia (koronka, nowenna, obraz)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
MAJOR CULTURAL COLLISION: Polish ‘miłosierdzie’ carries exceptionally strong devotional associations (Divine Mercy devotion, St. Faustina Kowalska, Łagiewniki shrine, Divine Mercy Sunday). Titus 3:5’s doctrinal point — God’s own saving disposition, not a devotional program, is the basis of salvation — must be taught explicitly against any reading tying the word to specific devotional practices as its operative channel.
Washing
Approved rendering: obmycie
Transliteration: loutron
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: obmycie jako samodzielny rytuał sakramentalny odradzający niezależnie od działania Ducha Świętego
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Salvation
MAJOR CULTURAL COLLISION with Catholic sacramental baptismal-regeneration theology (CCC §1213-1274, ex opere operato). Do not resolve the sacramental question dogmatically, but keep ‘obmycie’ grammatically and conceptually bound to ‘odnowienie przez Ducha Świętego’ in the same clause (Titus 3:5) so a ritual-alone reading is structurally discouraged.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: odrodzenie
Transliteration: palingenesia
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: odrodzenie narodowe/kulturowe, Odrodzenie jako epoka historyczna (Renesans)
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
Anchor term (Titus 3:5). Polish ‘odrodzenie’ is common secular vocabulary for national/cultural rebirth and for the historical-artistic epoch (the Renaissance). Must be explicitly taught as the Holy Spirit’s specific, personal, monergistic saving work in the individual believer, not generalized national, cultural, or moral renewal.
Savior
Approved rendering: Zbawiciel
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Saviorhood of God and Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
The letter’s dominant Christological/theological title (six occurrences: 1:3, 1:4, 2:10, 2:13, 3:4, 3:6), applied to both God the Father and Jesus Christ. Titus never uses ‘Pan’ as a title for Christ, so ‘Zbawiciel’ carries the weight baseline ‘Pan’ carries in Romans. Absolute-enforcement Critical-risk consistency required; no synonym substitution permitted across any occurrence.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: wielkiego Boga i Zbawiciela naszego, Jezusa Chrystusa
Transliteration: tou megalou theou kai sōtēros hēmōn Iēsou Christou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wielkiego Boga, i [odrębnie] Zbawiciela naszego, Jezusa Chrystusa (odczyt rozdzielający na dwie osoby)
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
Titus 2:13’s single-article Greek construction (Granville Sharp) identifies Jesus Christ himself as ‘the great God.’ Mandatory translator note required explaining the construction; a split-referent Polish rendering that could be read as naming two persons would weaken this key deity-of-Christ proof text.
Gave Himself For Us
Approved rendering: wydał samego siebie za nas
Transliteration: edōken heauton hyper hēmōn
Doctrine: Christ’s Atoning Self-Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: złożył przykładną ofiarę (ogólne poświęcenie się, bez sensu zastępczego)
Original: ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
Titus 2:14. Must preserve substitutionary, sacrificial force; do not soften to generic self-sacrifice or exemplary martyrdom. Parallels the atonement caution the baseline documents for Romans 3:25.
Overseer
Approved rendering: biskup
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: nadzorca (przyjęte jedynie jako glosa objaśniająca w materiale dydaktycznym, nie jako podstawowe tłumaczenie — odrzucone dla zachowania zgodności z ustaloną tradycją przekładu)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Order
MAJOR CULTURAL COLLISION: established Polish Bible tradition renders ἐπίσκοπος ‘biskup,’ but contemporary Polish religious culture attaches to this word an extremely specific, singular, hierarchically-ordained diocesan office within apostolic succession — utterly unlike Titus 1:5-7’s plural, locally-appointed congregation-level shepherd used interchangeably with ‘starszy.’ Mandatory teaching note required at every occurrence.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: zdrowa nauka
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: nauka Kościoła/Magisterium jako ostateczne źródło (przesunięcie autorytetu)
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Faith
Anchor phrase (1:9; 1:13; 2:1). The word itself is uncontroversial across Polish Bible traditions; doctrinally must be taught as apostolic gospel content, not redirected toward institutional Magisterial teaching authority as its ultimate source, nor toward correct ritual practice alone.
Good Works
Approved rendering: dobre czyny / dobre uczynki
Transliteration: kala erga
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: uczynki jako współprzyczyna usprawiedliwienia (ramy zasługi)
Original: καλὰ ἔργα
Category: Ethics
The letter’s most repeated phrase (1:16; 2:7, 14; 3:1, 8, 14). MUST be taught as the necessary FRUIT of grace/salvation (2:11-14; 3:8), never its CAUSE (3:5 explicitly denies this) — direct collision risk with the Catholic merit-and-indulgence framework historically associated with ‘dobre uczynki.’ Both emphases must be held together explicitly in every occurrence.
Submit
Approved rendering: być poddanym / poddawać się
Transliteration: hypotassesthai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: bezwarunkowe posłuszeństwo niezależne od sumienia
Original: ὑποτάσσεσθαι
Category: Household Ethics
Anchor verb used of civil rulers (3:1), wives (2:5), and slaves (2:9). Must convey willing, ordered submission to legitimate authority, not blind political quietism. Poland’s history of principled civil resistance (Wyszyński, Solidarność) is a live cultural counter-instinct requiring teaching-note treatment.
Wives Submit
Approved rendering: poddane własnym mężom
Transliteration: hypotassomenai tois idiois andrasin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτασσόμεναι τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:5: second major occurrence of the letter’s submission doctrine. Render with the relational, willing-order sense the household-code genre intends; present alongside the broader NT household-code context of mutual love and self-giving, not in isolation.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: człowiek wywołujący podziały / człowiek sekciarski
Transliteration: hairetikos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: heretyk (ZABRONIONE — anachroniczny import Reformacji/Kontrreformacji i historii procesów o herezję na Titusowe, znacznie węższe znaczenie: osoba wywołująca podział/frakcję)
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Controversy
Titus 3:10. MUST NOT render as ‘heretyk.’ The root of the English word ‘heretic,’ but here means one who causes division/faction, not yet the fully developed post-apostolic category of doctrinal ‘heresy.‘
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus, χάρις is personified as the active agent that ‘appeared’ (2:11) and ‘trains’ believers (2:12), and is the express instrumental cause of justification (3:7), contrasted with ‘works… in righteousness’ (3:5). Must not be read as a substance increased through sacramental merit and cooperation.
Election
Approved rendering: wybranie
Transliteration: eklektōn / eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Original: ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ / λαὸν περιούσιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 names Paul’s ministry as serving ‘wybranych Bożych’; Titus 2:14’s ‘lud [Bogu] na własność’ (echoing Exodus 19:5 LXX) must not be read as identifying the historically Catholic Polish nation as this people by birth or culture.
Law
Approved rendering: Prawo
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:9’s ‘spory o Prawo’ (μάχαι νομικαί) refers to disputes rooted in the Mosaic Law, likely tied to the ‘circumcision party’ of 1:10; reuse baseline capitalization convention.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: uświęcenie
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: oczyszczenie pokutne, w tym poprzez czyściec
Inherited from Romans package. Not used as a distinct term in Titus itself, but relevant background: Titus 3:5’s ‘odnowienie’ (ἀνακαίνωσις, renewal) is related to but distinct from this doctrine — teach as overlapping, not identical, emphases.
Renewal
Approved rendering: odnowienie
Transliteration: anakainōsis
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
Paired with ‘odrodzenie’ (Titus 3:5). Related to but distinct from ‘uświęcenie’ (sanctification, High risk); teach the two as overlapping but distinct emphases so readers do not flatten regeneration’s once-for-all newness into the ongoing process alone.
Appearing
Approved rendering: objawiła się / objawienie
Transliteration: epephanē / epiphaneia
Doctrine: The Two Appearings of Christ (Epiphany Motif)
Original: ἐπεφάνη / ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
Forms an inclusio across 2:11 (grace appeared), 2:13 (awaiting the appearing of glory), and 3:4 (kindness and love appeared). Polish ‘objawienie’ is strongly associated with the liturgical feast ‘Objawienie Pańskie’ (Epiphany/Trzech Króli, a public holiday) and the book ‘Objawienie’ (Apocalypse/Revelation). Requires a teaching note at every occurrence distinguishing this usage from both cultural associations.
Redeem
Approved rendering: odkupić
Transliteration: lytrōsētai
Doctrine: Christ’s Atoning Self-Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: uratować (ogólne, bez sensu wykupu/zapłaty)
Original: λυτρώσηται
Category: Salvation
Titus 2:14: redemption from the power of lawlessness (ἀνομία), not merely its penalty. Ensure it is not collapsed into a general ‘rescue’ losing the ransom/payment nuance.
Sound Mind
Approved rendering: rozsądny / z rozwagą
Transliteration: sōphrōn / sōphronōs
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: zmienne, niekonsekwentne renderowanie tego samego rdzenia w różnych miejscach
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως
Category: Sanctification
Recurring word-family running through the whole letter (1:8; 2:2, 2:5, 2:6, 2:12). Must be rendered with a single consistent Polish root (rozsąd-) across every occurrence so the Polish reader can trace the letter’s deliberate word-play.
Godliness
Approved rendering: pobożność / pobożnie
Transliteration: eusebeia / eusebōs
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς
Category: Sanctification
Central curriculum term (1:1; 2:12). Risk of narrowing to external religious observance (Mass attendance, feast-day devotions) rather than the inward, Spirit-formed character Titus describes as grace’s fruit; must be explicitly tied back to 2:11’s grace as its source.
Elder
Approved rendering: starszy
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: prezbiter (import klerykalny)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:5-6: a recognized local church office. Risks confusion with (a) the Catholic/Orthodox clerical term ‘prezbiter’ and (b) the age-based adjective ‘starszy/starsi’ used of older men/women in 2:2-3. Requires an explicit teaching note distinguishing the office (functionally identified with ἐπίσκοπος) from later, developed clerical categories.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: mąż jednej żony
Transliteration: mias gynaikos anēr
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: mężczyzna żonaty tylko raz (przedwczesne rozstrzygnięcie interpretacyjne), wierny swojej żonie (zbyt wąskie ograniczenie interpretacji)
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:6: a genuinely debated interpretive range (monogamy vs. marital fidelity vs. no remarriage after divorce). Render literally and let teaching material present the interpretive range rather than resolving it in translation.
Holding Fast To Word
Approved rendering: trzymający się wiernego słowa zgodnego z nauką
Transliteration: antechomenos tou kata tēn didachēn pistou logou
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀντεχόμενος τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν πιστοῦ λόγου
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:9: doctrinal qualification for elders, the ability to teach and defend sound doctrine. Ties directly to ‘zdrowa nauka.‘
Adorn Doctrine
Approved rendering: przyozdabiać naukę
Transliteration: kosmōsin tēn didaskalian
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν
Category: Ethics
Titus 2:10. Key linking term between ‘Sound Doctrine’ and ‘Good Works’ doctrines; good conduct commends, never replaces, doctrine.
Empty Talkers
Approved rendering: gadający puste słowa / próżni mówcy; zwodziciele
Transliteration: mataiologoi, phrenapatai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: ludzie mający odmienne poglądy (zbyt łagodne)
Original: ματαιολόγοι, φρεναπάται
Category: Controversy
Titus 1:10: descriptions of the false teachers opposing sound doctrine. Vivid, doctrinally loaded vocabulary; must not be softened into mere ‘different opinions.‘
Commandments Of Men
Approved rendering: przykazania ludzkie
Transliteration: entolai anthrōpōn
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων
Category: Controversy
Titus 1:14: contrasted with sound doctrine/God’s truth. Parallels the baseline caution against conflating true obedience with church precepts, holy-day obligations, or humanly devised rules.
Unfit For Good Work
Approved rendering: niezdatni do żadnego dobrego czynu
Transliteration: pros pan ergon agathon adokimoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἀδόκιμοι
Category: Ethics
Titus 1:16: closes chapter 1 on the good-works theme in the negative — the false teachers’ profession without good works is the negative photograph the rest of the letter positively develops.
Faithful Saying
Approved rendering: Wiarygodne jest to słowo
Transliteration: pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faith
Titus 3:8: formulaic marker (shared with 1-2 Timothy) certifying 3:4-7 as a reliable summary of the gospel of grace. Reuses baseline ‘wiara’ root in its trustworthy/reliable sense, distinct from the saving-faith sense.
Obey Rulers
Approved rendering: być posłusznym / słuchać (władzy)
Transliteration: peitharchein
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχεῖν
Category: Civil Authority
Titus 3:1: reinforces ὑποτάσσεσθαι with active obedience toward civil authority; same caution applies.
Slaves Submit
Approved rendering: słudzy…poddawać się własnym panom
Transliteration: douloi…idiois despotais hypotassesthai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δοῦλοι…ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:9: third major occurrence of submission doctrine. Note the historical-cultural distance (no institution of slavery in contemporary Poland); teach the underlying principle without uncritical direct transfer to modern employment.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: głupie spory / głupie dociekania
Transliteration: mōrai zētēseis
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Controversy
Anchor phrase (3:9). Teach as a call to avoid unproductive, faith-destroying disputation, not as license to avoid theological precision generally.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: święty
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus occurs only within the compound title ‘Duch Święty’ (Holy Spirit, 3:5), not as a free-standing descriptor of believers as in Romans 1:7; the baseline’s Critical-risk ‘saints’ caution about canonized sainthood is not separately triggered by this book but remains relevant background.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokój
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4’s opening greeting formula pairs ‘łaska’ and ‘pokój’ in the standard epistolary pattern.
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13: ‘objawienie się chwały wielkiego Boga i Zbawiciela naszego, Jezusa Chrystusa’ — the object of the appearing believers await at Christ’s return.
Adoption
Approved rendering: usynowienie
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant background for Titus 3:7’s ‘dziedzice’ (κληρονόμοι, heirs) — heirship is the entailment of adoption, full inheritance rights following justification.
Kindness Philanthropy
Approved rendering: dobroć; miłość do ludzi / życzliwość
Transliteration: chrēstotēs kai philanthrōpia
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Rejected alternatives: filantropia (rejestr sekularno-humanitarny)
Original: χρηστότης καὶ φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
God’s kindness and love for mankind, the turning point of Titus 3:4 (‘but when…’) from the vice list of 3:3. Avoid the secular-humanitarian register of modern Polish ‘filantropia’ — this is God’s own decisive saving benevolence.
Heir
Approved rendering: dziedzice
Transliteration: klēronomoi
Doctrine: Inheritance and Hope of Eternal Life
Original: κληρονόμοι
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:7: those who receive an inheritance by right of relationship, not achievement. Cross-reference ‘usynowienie’ (adoption) — heirship is the entailment of adoption, full inheritance rights following justification.
Hope
Approved rendering: nadzieja
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and the Second Coming
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Salvation
New term for this curriculum (not in Romans baseline TM). Occurs at 1:2, 2:13 (‘błogosławiona nadzieja’), 3:7. Must not be reduced to vague optimism — confident expectation grounded in Christ’s finished work and promised return; ties to assurance-of-salvation themes documented in the baseline.
Poured Out
Approved rendering: wylał
Transliteration: exechéen
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἐξέχεεν
Category: God
Titus 3:6, echoing Pentecost (Acts 2:17); preserve the Pentecost echo in teaching notes and the Trinitarian structure of 3:4-6 (Father saves, through the Spirit, poured out through Christ).
Cleanse
Approved rendering: oczyścić
Transliteration: katharisē
Doctrine: Christ’s Atoning Self-Sacrifice
Original: καθαρίσῃ
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:14; connects to 3:5’s ‘obmycie’ (washing). Avoid implying a repeatable ritual-cleansing cycle detached from the once-for-all self-giving of 2:14.
Self Control
Approved rendering: opanowany / powściągliwy
Transliteration: egkratēs
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἐγκρατής
Category: Sanctification
Completes the elder virtue list (1:8) and connects to the letter’s training/discipline theme; supporting term alongside σώφρων.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: bezbożność
Transliteration: asebeia
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: drobne odejście od religijności (zbyt łagodne)
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:12: lack of proper reverence toward God, the negative pole grace’s training turns believers away from.
Worldly Desires
Approved rendering: światowe pożądliwości
Transliteration: kosmikai epithymiai
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:12: desires characteristic of the present age/world-system, renounced through grace’s training.
Renounce
Approved rendering: odrzucając / wyrzekając się
Transliteration: arnēsamenoi
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀρνησάμενοι
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:12: a decisive, once-for-all turning away, parallel to Romans 6’s ‘dead to sin’ language; preserve the completed-action force.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: sługa Boży
Transliteration: doulos theou
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: niewolnik Boży (dosłowne, ale nieużywane w polskiej tradycji przekładu)
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:1: Paul’s self-identification of total submission to God alongside ‘apostoł.’ Polish Bible tradition softens ‘δοῦλος’ (slave) to ‘sługa’ (servant), muting the literal force, paralleling most English versions.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: poznanie prawdy
Transliteration: epignōsis alētheias
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
Titus 1:1: full, personal knowledge of gospel truth, not mere information — the apostolic goal of Paul’s ministry.
God Who Does Not Lie
Approved rendering: Bóg, który nie kłamie
Transliteration: ho apseudēs theos
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and the Second Coming
Original: ὁ ἀψευδὴς θεός
Category: God
Titus 1:2: grounds assurance that the promise of eternal life rests on God’s unimpeachable truthfulness; ties to assurance-of-salvation themes in the baseline.
Blameless
Approved rendering: nienaganny
Transliteration: anegklētos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:6-7: first qualification listed for elders/overseers. Clarify this means an unblemished public reputation, not sinless perfection.
Believing Children
Approved rendering: dzieci wierzące
Transliteration: tekna pista
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: dzieci posłuszne (równie uzasadniona alternatywa, ale wymaga konsekwentnego, jawnego wyboru)
Original: τέκνα πιστά
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:6: genuinely ambiguous Greek (πιστά can mean ‘believing’ or ‘faithful/obedient’). Flag the ambiguity for the translator; make a consistent, disclosed choice.
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: nieposłuszny / buntowniczy
Transliteration: anypotaktos
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀνυπότακτος
Category: Church Order
Disqualifying trait for both elders’ children (1:6) and false teachers (1:10); cross-reference ὑποτάσσεσθαι (submission entries).
Devout
Approved rendering: świątobliwy / pobożny
Transliteration: hosios
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ὅσιος
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:8: a personal-piety nuance of holiness distinct from ἅγιος’s set-apart, consecrated-status sense. Prefer ‘świątobliwy’ over ‘pobożny’ here specifically to keep lexical distance from ‘święty’ (ἅγιος).
Sound Speech
Approved rendering: zdrowe, nienagannego słowo
Transliteration: logon hygiē akatagnōston
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: λόγον ὑγιῆ ἀκατάγνωστον
Category: Faith
Titus 2:8. Consistency flag: same root-family as ‘zdrowa nauka’; render with a cognate Polish term so the connection is visible.
Conscience
Approved rendering: sumienie
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
Titus 1:15: the defiled mind/conscience of the false teachers. Poland’s rich conscience-examination tradition (rachunek sumienia, sacramental confession) must not be confused with the text’s point — an unbelieving conscience is itself defiled.
Demonstrated Fidelity
Approved rendering: okazujący wszelką dobrą wierność
Transliteration: pistin pasan endeiknymenous agathēn
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: okazujący wszelką dobrą wiarę (ryzyko pomylenia ze zbawczą wiarą)
Original: πίστιν πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν
Category: Ethics
Titus 2:10: here πίστις means demonstrated trustworthiness in conduct, not saving faith. Must not be confused with the doctrinal sense of ‘wiara’ — flag explicitly so saving-faith theology is not imported into this workplace-ethics statement.
Rulers Authorities
Approved rendering: władzom i urzędom
Transliteration: archais exousiais
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαῖς ἐξουσίαις
Category: Civil Authority
Titus 3:1: civil government, parallel to the Romans 13:1-7 treatment already documented in the baseline package.
Strifes
Approved rendering: kłótnie / spory
Transliteration: ereis
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ἔρεις
Category: Controversy
Titus 3:9: relational breakdown caused by divisive controversy.
Legal Quarrels
Approved rendering: spory o Prawo
Transliteration: machai nomikai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Controversy
Titus 3:9: disputes rooted in the Mosaic Law, likely tied to the ‘circumcision party’ of 1:10. Reuse the baseline ‘Prawo’ capitalization convention.
Admonition
Approved rendering: upomnienie
Transliteration: nouthesia
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: napominać (zarezerwowane dla παρακαλέω — inny rdzeń grecki, o innym odcieniu znaczeniowym)
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Controversy
Titus 3:10: the patient, repeated process (first and second admonition) before separation from a divisive person. Distinguish from ‘napominać’ (παρακαλέω, 2:15), a different Greek root carrying more encouragement than warning.
Circumcision Party
Approved rendering: stronnictwo obrzezania
Transliteration: peritomē
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: περιτομή (οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς)
Category: Controversy
Titus 1:10: a specific Jewish-Christian faction troubling the Cretan churches. Handle with the same historical sensitivity the baseline applies to Jewish-Gentile unity themes.
Older Man Woman
Approved rendering: starszy mężczyzna / starsza kobieta
Transliteration: presbytēs / presbytis
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβύτις
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:2-3: an age-category, distinct from the office term πρεσβύτερος (1:5) though sharing the same root. Explicit disambiguation required from the office term ‘starszy.‘
Reverent
Approved rendering: poważny / pełen godności
Transliteration: hieroprepēs
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Rejected alternatives: kapłański (błędnie implikuje urząd kapłański)
Original: ἱεροπρεπής
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:3: describes older women’s demeanor; literal root (ἱερός, ‘sacred/priestly’) could wrongly suggest a quasi-priestly office. Render descriptively as dignified reverence of character, with a note that no priestly office is implied.
Slanderous
Approved rendering: plotkarski / oszczerczy
Transliteration: diabolos (adjectival)
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Rejected alternatives: diabelski (błędnie kojarzy z szatanem)
Original: διάβολος (adjectival)
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:3 (adjective, not ‘the devil’): warns against slander among older women; same root elsewhere in the NT names Satan. Explicit translator note required to avoid confusion.
Pure Chaste
Approved rendering: czysty
Transliteration: hagnos
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Original: ἁγνός
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:5: moral purity, especially sexual/relational integrity; distinct nuance from ἅγιος (holy/set apart) — note the distinction from baseline ‘święty.‘
Word Not Reviled
Approved rendering: by słowo Boże nie było bluźnione / lżone
Transliteration: hina mē ho logos tou theou blasphēmētai
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Titus 2:5: the missional motive behind household conduct — outsiders’ perception of the gospel is at stake; teach as concern for gospel credibility, not for maintaining inherited Catholic social respectability.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostoł
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church Order
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1, Paul’s self-designation grounding the letter’s authority.
Exhort
Approved rendering: napominać
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Church Order
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:15 commands Titus to ‘napominać’ alongside speaking and rebuking. Distinguish from νουθεσία (‘upomnienie’, 3:10), a different Greek root carrying more warning/correction — do not flatten the two together.
True Child
Approved rendering: prawowite dziecko
Transliteration: gnēsion teknon
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: γνήσιον τέκνον
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:4: Titus described as Paul’s authentic spiritual child, sharing a ‘common faith.‘
Elder Vice List
Approved rendering: samowolny, gniewliwy, oddany piciu wina, awanturniczy, chciwy niegodziwego zysku
Transliteration: authadēs, orgilos, paroinos, plēktēs, aischrokerdēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: αὐθάδης, ὀργίλος, πάροινος, πλήκτης, αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:7: vice list disqualifying a candidate from eldership. Use vivid, concrete Polish equivalents rather than abstract euphemisms.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: gościnny, miłujący dobro
Transliteration: philoxenos, philagathos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: φιλόξενος, φιλάγαθος
Category: Church Order
Titus 1:8: positive qualifications balancing the elder vice list.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: genealogie / rodowody
Transliteration: genealogiai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Controversy
Titus 3:9: speculative genealogical disputes, likely tied to the false teachers of chapter 1.
Sober Dignified
Approved rendering: trzeźwy, godny (poważania)
Transliteration: nēphalios, semnos
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Original: νηφάλιος, σεμνός
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:2: virtue qualifications for older men.
Love
Approved rendering: miłość
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
Titus 2:2: standard New Testament vocabulary, completing the virtue triad for older men.
Endurance
Approved rendering: wytrwałość
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Household Conduct and Witness to Outsiders
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Ethics
Titus 2:2: completes the triad ‘sound in faith, love, endurance’ for older men.
Example
Approved rendering: wzór
Transliteration: typos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: τύπος
Category: Ethics
Titus 2:7: Titus himself is to be a τύπος of good works; connects personal example to the letter’s good-works theme.
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: bezowocny
Transliteration: akarpos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Ethics
Titus 3:14: the negative outcome avoided by learning to devote oneself to good works.
Integrity In Teaching
Approved rendering: nienaganność / niezepsucie
Transliteration: aphthoria / aphtharsia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Titus 2:7: quality of Titus’s teaching; textual variant exists between ἀφθορία and ἀφθαρσία, both preserved via the dual Polish gloss.
Titus
Approved rendering: Tytus
Transliteration: Titos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: Τίτος
Category: Proper Name
Paul’s delegate, recipient of the letter. Standard established Polish Bible-translation form.
Crete
Approved rendering: Kreta / Kreteńczycy
Transliteration: Krētē / Krētes
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: Κρήτη / Κρῆτες
Category: Proper Name
The island where Titus organized the churches. Note for teaching material: Titus 1:12’s ‘Kreteńczycy [są] zawsze kłamcami’ quotes a pre-Christian Greek proverb (Epimenides), not an ad hoc apostolic slur.
Zenas Apollos Artemas Tychicus Nicopolis
Approved rendering: Zenas, Apollos, Artemas, Tychikos, Nikopolis
Transliteration: Zēnas, Apollōs, Artemas, Tychikos, Nikopolis
Doctrine: Practical Hospitality and Christian Fellowship
Original: Ζηνᾶς, Ἀπολλῶς, Ἀρτεμᾶς, Τυχικός, Νικόπολις
Category: Proper Name
Personal names and a place name in the letter’s closing (3:12-13). Standard transliterations following established Polish Bible-translation conventions.
Referenced passages