Doctrine Analysis
Doctrine Analysis — 1 John | English → Polish
Purpose and Method
This document provides the full doctrine matrix for 1 John, chapters 1–5, extending the baseline Romans doctrine analysis methodology to this curriculum. It is fully consistent with assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json: the same 25 named doctrines, the same risk tiers, and the same review routing appear here, organized chronologically by chapter and section so that translators and reviewers can see doctrinal load-bearing content in reading order. The core passage, 1 John 4:7–21, is the theological anchor of the curriculum but is not the boundary of this analysis — every chapter of 1 John is reviewed below, including sections that repeat or reinforce doctrines introduced earlier.
Risk tier definitions (identical to baseline): Critical = human theologian review, every occurrence; High = human theologian review; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.
Chapter-by-Chapter Doctrine Matrix
1 John 1 — Fellowship, Light, and Confession of Sin
| Doctrine | Supporting Passages (1 John) | Risk | Translation Risk | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony | 1:1–4 | Medium | Sensory-verification language (“heard,” “seen,” “touched,” “handled”) grounds the letter’s opening apologetic against docetic denial of Christ’s real physical humanity; must not be smoothed into merely figurative or devotional phrasing. | Native speaker review |
| The Incarnation and Antichrist (Word of Life) | 1:1–2 | Critical | ”Słowo życia” must retain concrete, tangible incarnational force from the letter’s opening line onward, anticipating the sharper test of 4:2–3. | Human theologian |
| God is Light | 1:5–7 | High | Polish “światło” evokes rational enlightenment more readily than moral-relational purity; must anchor to God’s self-revealing, sinless transparency, not intellectual insight or private gnostic “illumination.” | Human theologian |
| Fellowship with God and One Another | 1:3, 1:6–7 | High | ”Wspólnota” must be distinguished from the creedal “świętych obcowanie” formula; here fellowship is direct, personal relationship with Father and Son through walking in light, not primarily institutional Church membership. | Human theologian |
| Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1:7, 1:9–10 | Critical | ”Wyznawać” shares its verb-root with sacramental confession (spowiedź); must preserve 1 John’s direct, ongoing personal confession to God as sufficient for immediate forgiveness, without implying either replacement of or dependence on the sacrament. | Human theologian |
| Sin and the Believer | 1:8, 1:10 | Critical | The denial of sinlessness-claims here must be held in tension with 3:6–9’s “does not sin” language later in the letter; must not collapse into the mortal/venial sin (grzech śmiertelny/powszedni) framework. | Human theologian |
Chapter 1 coverage confirmed. All load-bearing doctrinal content reviewed; no sections omitted.
1 John 2 — Advocate, Love Command, World, Antichrist, Anointing
| Doctrine | Supporting Passages (1 John) | Risk | Translation Risk | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christ’s Advocacy | 2:1 | Critical | Directly parallels the baseline’s Critical “wstawiennictwo” warning; Poland’s intense Marian devotion (Częstochowa/Jasna Góra, “Totus Tuus”) creates pressure to locate advocacy-before-the-Father in Mary or the saints rather than exclusively in Christ. | Human theologian |
| Propitiation and Atonement | 2:2 | Critical | Must distinguish a completed, unrepeatable historical atoning act from the Mass’s sacramental re-presentation of Christ’s sacrifice, without unnecessary polemic. | Human theologian |
| The Love Command and Christ’s Commandments | 2:3–11 | High | ”Przykazanie” carries strong prior association with the Decalogue (Dziesięć Przykazań) as external legal code; 1 John’s entolē is relational, Christ-derived, and love-generated, not rule-keeping divorced from love. | Human theologian |
| Fellowship with God and One Another (walking as he walked) | 2:5–6 | High | Reinforces 1:6–7’s relational fellowship doctrine; “chodzić/postępować” must retain the lifestyle-conduct sense, not a one-time ritual act. | Human theologian |
| Overcoming the World / Worldly Desire | 2:15–17 | High / Medium | ”Świat” here carries the morally-opposed-system sense (contrast with 4:9’s loved-and-savable sense); “pycha życia” must be rendered as arrogant self-display, not mere self-respect. | Human theologian (overcoming) / Native speaker (worldly desire) |
| The Incarnation and Antichrist | 2:18–23 | Critical | ”Antychryst” carries strong popular Polish association with a single climactic end-times tyrant figure from apocalyptic folklore rather than 1 John’s present-tense Christological-denial definition (2:22–23); must be anchored to the confession test. | Human theologian |
| Anointing of the Spirit | 2:20, 2:27 | High | Strong collision risk with sacramental anointing culture (Anointing of the Sick; chrismation at Baptism/Confirmation — bierzmowanie, a near-universal Polish rite of passage); here it is the Spirit’s ongoing teaching-indwelling given to every believer at conversion. | Human theologian |
| Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life (abiding, promise) | 2:24–25 | Critical | ”Trwać” (abide) and the promise of “życie wieczne” here anticipate 5:13’s purpose statement; must retain present-tense, knowable confidence. | Human theologian |
| Confidence in the Day of Judgment (confidence at his coming) | 2:28 | High | Early instance of the confidence-before-Christ theme fully developed at 4:17–18; must not be read through a purgatorial-purification lens. | Human theologian |
Chapter 2 coverage confirmed. All load-bearing doctrinal content reviewed; no sections omitted.
1 John 3 — New Birth, Love for the Brethren, Assurance
| Doctrine | Supporting Passages (1 John) | Risk | Translation Risk | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children of God versus Children of the Devil | 3:1–2, 3:7–10 | High | Birth-derived, family-resemblance identity language (tekna) is complementary to but lexically distinct from the baseline’s legal-adoption image (“usynowienie”); must not be collapsed into a status conferred merely by sacramental infant baptism. | Human theologian |
| New Birth | 3:9 (also 2:29 anticipatory) | Critical | Polish Catholic sacramental theology closely associates “nowe narodzenie” with baptismal regeneration received in infancy, independent of personal faith; 1 John’s new birth is evidenced by an ongoing pattern of love and righteousness. | Human theologian |
| Sin and the Believer | 3:4–9 | Critical | ”Does not sin” as settled life-pattern here must be held with 1:8/1:10’s denial of sinlessness-claims; risk of either excusing ongoing sin or demanding sinless perfection. | Human theologian |
| Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 3:10–18 | Critical | ”Miłość” risks dilution into sentimental or national-patriotic-devotional senses (per baseline’s “Polak-katolik” warning); the letter’s diagnostic force must be preserved without softening. Includes “laid down his life” (3:16), sacrificial and Christ-imitating, not generic altruism. | Human theologian |
| Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 3:14, 3:19–24 | Critical | ”Przeszliśmy ze śmierci do życia” (3:14) is a completed, decisive transfer (perfect tense) that must not be softened into an uncertain ongoing process; 3:19–24’s “confidence before God” anticipates 4:17–18. | Human theologian |
Chapter 3 coverage confirmed. All load-bearing doctrinal content reviewed; no sections omitted.
1 John 4 — Testing the Spirits; God is Love (Core Passage); Fear and Love
| Doctrine | Supporting Passages (1 John) | Risk | Translation Risk | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Testing the Spirits | 4:1–6 | High | Generic, lowercase “duchy” (testable spiritual claims/influences) must be sharply distinguished from capitalized “Duch Święty,” a distinction easily blurred given folk-Catholic and broader Slavic familiarity with “duchy” language for ghosts/spirits in a non-theological sense. | Human theologian |
| The Incarnation and Antichrist | 4:1–3 | Critical | The letter’s sharpest doctrinal test (“Jezus Chrystus, który przyszedł w ciele”); must retain full force of a real, genuine, fleshly incarnation against docetic softening. | Human theologian |
| God is Love (core doctrine of core passage) | 4:7–8, 4:16 | Critical | Risk of pantheistic reversal (“love is God”) in generic-spirituality reception, and risk of severing the statement from the Trinitarian, personal God of the letter (Father, Son, Spirit, 4:9–14); “miłość” also carries romantic and national-devotional connotations that can dilute this ontological claim. | Human theologian |
| Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth (core passage) | 4:7–8, 4:11–12, 4:20–21 | Critical | Central diagnostic of the core passage: love for fellow believers as visible evidence of new birth, including the “liar” language of 4:20, which must not be softened. | Human theologian |
| Deity and Sonship of Christ | 4:9, 4:15 | Critical | Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship (“jednorodzony Syn,” “Syn Boży”) must never be confused with believers’ adoptive/birth-derived “dzieci Boże” status introduced in chapter 3, just verses earlier in the letter’s argument. | Human theologian |
| Propitiation and Atonement (core passage) | 4:10 | Critical | Restates 2:2’s propitiation doctrine within the core passage; same Mass re-presentation caution applies. | Human theologian |
| Fellowship with God and One Another (abiding, core passage) | 4:12–16 | High | ”Trwać” (abide) here describes mutual indwelling of God and believer through love and the Spirit; must retain the letter’s central positive doctrine of direct relationship with God. | Human theologian |
| Confidence in the Day of Judgment | 4:17–18 | High | Must be distinguished from the popular Catholic framework of particular judgment followed by purgatorial purification prior to final beatitude; confidence is anchored in Christ’s present, already-perfected love. | Human theologian |
| Fear Expelled by Perfect Love | 4:18 | High | Polish devotional tradition places strong positive value on “bojaźń Boża” (fear of God) as a virtue; must clearly distinguish this verse’s servile, punitive dread — expelled by perfected love — from the positive reverential fear of God affirmed elsewhere in Scripture. | Human theologian |
| The Love Command and Christ’s Commandments (core passage) | 4:21 | High | Closes the core passage’s diagnostic argument; same Decalogue-association caution as 2:3–11 applies. | Human theologian |
Chapter 4 coverage confirmed, including full coverage of the core passage 4:7–21. All load-bearing doctrinal content reviewed; no sections omitted.
1 John 5 — Overcoming the World, Threefold Witness, Assurance, Sin unto Death, Idolatry
| Doctrine | Supporting Passages (1 John) | Risk | Translation Risk | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Birth | 5:1, 5:4, 5:18 | Critical | Reinforces chapter 3’s new-birth doctrine; “narodzony/zrodzony z Boga” must retain the ongoing-life-pattern evidence, not a status secured by rite alone. | Human theologian |
| Overcoming the World | 5:4–5 | High | Must retain the confident, already-accomplished tense (“faith overcomes the world”), not merely an aspirational future struggle; “świat” sense must be disambiguated from 4:9’s loved-and-savable sense. | Human theologian |
| The Threefold Witness (textual note) | 5:6–11 | High | The Comma Johanneum (longer Trinitarian reading at 5:7 in the Textus Receptus/Vulgate/Wujek tradition) is absent from earliest Greek manuscripts and omitted or footnoted in modern critical-text translations including the current Biblia Tysiąclecia; the textual basis followed must be stated explicitly and applied consistently across all lessons. | Human theologian |
| Deity and Sonship of Christ | 5:5, 5:20 | Critical | Restates the Critical Sonship doctrine at the letter’s close; “Syn Boży” and eternal-life-in-the-Son language must retain full force. | Human theologian |
| Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life (stated purpose) | 5:11–13, 5:20 | Critical | 5:13 is the letter’s own explicit purpose statement: present-tense, knowable possession of eternal life by faith now, not a status suspended pending purgatorial purification or final merit-accounting. | Human theologian |
| Sin unto Death | 5:16–17 | High | Must not be simply equated with the Catholic mortal-sin (grzech śmiertelny) category and its associated penitential system; likelier exegetical referent is decisive apostate rejection of Christ, not any grave moral sin. | Human theologian |
| Sin and the Believer | 5:18 | Critical | Restates the chapter 3 tension between the believer’s settled non-sinning pattern and universal human sinfulness; same mortal/venial caution applies. | Human theologian |
| Warning Against Idolatry | 5:21 | High | Polish Catholic devotional practice makes extensive, theologically self-differentiated use of religious images and statues; render faithfully as a warning against any rival object of ultimate trust/worship without adjudicating Catholic theology of sacred images; flag for non-polemical teacher handling with mixed Catholic/Protestant audiences. | Human theologian |
Chapter 5 coverage confirmed. All load-bearing doctrinal content reviewed; no sections omitted.
Cross-Chapter Doctrine: Consistency of Profession and Practice
| Doctrine | Supporting Passages (1 John) | Risk | Translation Risk | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consistency of Profession and Practice | 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 2:4, 2:9, 4:20 | Low | Standard diagnostic contrasting profession with practice (“if we say… but”); unambiguous Polish vocabulary (“kłamca”); low risk throughout its recurrences. | Automated review |
Full-Book Coverage Statement
All five chapters of 1 John have been reviewed for doctrinal and translation-risk content: Chapter 1 (fellowship, light, confession), Chapter 2 (advocate, propitiation, love command, world, antichrist, anointing), Chapter 3 (new birth, love for the brethren, assurance), Chapter 4 (testing the spirits; the core passage’s God-is-love and love-for-the-brethren doctrines; fear and love), and Chapter 5 (overcoming the world, threefold witness, assurance’s purpose statement, sin unto death, idolatry). No chapter or major section contributes doctrinal content that falls outside the 25 doctrines catalogued in assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json; this matrix reproduces that registry’s doctrines, risk tiers, and review routing exactly, organized in reading order for translator use.
Risk Summary (reproduced from doctrine_risk_registry.json for cross-reference)
| Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 10 | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 12 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 2 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 1 | Automated review |
| Total doctrines | 25 | 22 theologian / 2 native speaker / 1 automated |
This document must be loaded alongside assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json, assets/translation_memory.json (as extended by 08_core_glossary.md), and 12_ai_translation_requirements.md (as extended for 1 John) before Phase 2 segment translation begins.
Critical Risk Doctrines
God is Love
Polish name: Bóg jest miłością
Key terms: love, God is love
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: risk of a pantheistic reversal (‘love is God’) common in generic spirituality reception, and risk of severing the statement from the Trinitarian, personal God of the epistle (Father, Son, Spirit, 4:9-14). Polish ‘miłość’ also carries romantic and ‘Polak-katolik’ national-patriotic-devotional connotations risking dilution of this ontological claim.
Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Polish name: wyznanie i odpuszczenie grzechów
Key terms: confess sin, cleanse, blood of Jesus, faithful and just
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: ‘wyznawać’ shares its verb-root with the sacrament of confession (spowiedź, ‘wyznanie grzechów’). Must be taught without implying prohibition or replacement of that sacrament, while preserving 1 John’s own emphasis on direct, ongoing, personal confession to God as sufficient for immediate forgiveness and cleansing, without priestly mediation as a precondition.
Christ’s Advocacy
Polish name: orędownictwo Chrystusa
Key terms: advocate, righteous
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: directly parallels the baseline’s Critical ‘wstawiennictwo’ warning. Poland’s exceptionally intense Marian devotion (Częstochowa/Jasna Góra national shrine, John Paul II’s ‘Totus Tuus’ Marian consecration) and broader veneration of canonized saints as intercessors creates strong cultural pressure to locate the advocate-before-the-Father function in Mary or the saints rather than exclusively in Christ.
Propitiation and Atonement
Polish name: przebłaganie i odkupienie
Key terms: propitiation, blood, laid down his life
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: the Mass (Msza Święta) is taught in historic Catholic sacramental theology as a re-presentation of Christ’s propitiatory sacrifice offered repeatedly at the altar. Must clarify Christ’s atoning death as a completed, unrepeatable historical act accomplished once by the Son, without unnecessary polemic against Catholic eucharistic theology.
Sin and the Believer
Polish name: grzech a wierzący
Key terms: sin, lawlessness, does not sin, no sin
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: the letter holds together a strong denial of sinlessness-claims (1:8, 1:10) with an equally strong claim that the one born of God ‘does not sin’ as a settled life-pattern (3:6, 3:9; 5:18). Must be taught without either excusing ongoing sin or demanding sinless perfection as a precondition for standing with God, and without collapsing this tension into the Catholic mortal/venial sin (grzech śmiertelny/powszedni) framework.
Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Polish name: miłość braterska jako dowód nowego narodzenia
Key terms: love one another, born of God, brother, laid down his life
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: love for fellow believers is presented as the visible, testable evidence of new birth, not an optional ethical add-on. ‘Miłość’ risks dilution into sentimental or national-patriotic-devotional senses (per baseline’s ‘Polak-katolik’ warning), and the letter’s diagnostic force (‘liar,’ 4:20) must be preserved without softening.
New Birth
Polish name: nowe narodzenie z Boga
Key terms: born of God, seed of God, children of God
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: Polish Catholic sacramental theology closely associates ‘nowe narodzenie’ with baptismal regeneration (chrzest jako nowe narodzenie), received in infancy independent of personal faith. 1 John’s new birth is evidenced by ongoing love and righteousness as a settled life-pattern, not a status secured merely by the sacramental rite.
The Incarnation and Antichrist
Polish name: wcielenie i antychryst
Key terms: Word of Life, come in the flesh, antichrist, deny the Son
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: the letter’s sharpest doctrinal test is confession of a real, genuine incarnation (4:2-3). ‘Antychryst’ carries strong popular Polish associations with a single climactic end-times tyrant-figure drawn from later apocalyptic tradition and popular culture rather than 1 John’s own present-tense, Christological-denial definition (2:18, 2:22).
Deity and Sonship of Christ
Polish name: bóstwo i synostwo Chrystusa
Key terms: Son of God, only begotten Son, Savior of the world
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship (jednorodzony Syn) must never be confused with believers’ adoptive/birth-derived ‘dzieci Boże’ status which this same letter applies to believers a few verses later; both are true but must be taught as categorically distinct.
Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Polish name: pewność zbawienia i życia wiecznego
Key terms: eternal life, confidence, know that you have, passed from death to life
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: the letter’s own stated purpose (5:13, ‘so that you may know you have eternal life’) asserts present-tense, knowable possession of eternal life by faith now. Catholic devotional tradition commonly frames final possession of ‘życie wieczne’ as genuinely uncertain until death and particular judgment, mediated through grace, merit, and (for many) purgatorial purification (czyściec) — the single most consequential doctrinal-cultural collision in this letter for the Polish context.
High Risk Doctrines
God is Light
Polish name: Bóg jest światłością
Key terms: light, darkness, walk
Review routing: Human theologian
Polish secular usage of ‘światło’ evokes rational enlightenment/insight rather than moral-relational purity. Must anchor to God’s self-revealing, sinless transparency, and counter proto-gnostic private ‘illumination’ claims apart from ethical transformation.
Fellowship with God and One Another
Polish name: wspólnota z Bogiem i między sobą
Key terms: fellowship, abide, walk in the light
Review routing: Human theologian
Baseline flags that ‘wspólnota’ must be distinguished from the creedal ‘świętych obcowanie’ formula. Elevated here because this fellowship is the letter’s stated purpose (1:3-4): a direct, personal relationship with Father and Son mediated by walking in light and confessing sin, not primarily institutional Church membership or intercessory relationship with departed saints.
Sin unto Death
Polish name: grzech ku śmierci
Key terms: sin unto death, sin not unto death
Review routing: Human theologian
A superficial equation with the Catholic ‘grzech śmiertelny’ (mortal sin) category would import an entire sacramental-penitential system (confession, absolution, recovery of sanctifying grace) not directly addressed by this text. The likelier exegetical referent is decisive apostate rejection of Christ, not any grave moral sin.
Testing the Spirits
Polish name: badanie duchów
Key terms: test the spirits, spirit of truth, spirit of error, spirit of antichrist
Review routing: Human theologian
The generic, lowercase, testable ‘duchy’ (spiritual claims/influences) must be sharply distinguished from the capitalized, divine ‘Duch Święty’ — a distinction easily blurred in casual Polish usage and complicated by folk-Catholic and broader Slavic cultural familiarity with ‘duchy’ language for ghosts/spirits in a non-theological, superstitious sense.
Anointing of the Spirit
Polish name: namaszczenie Duchem
Key terms: anointing, Holy One, you know all things
Review routing: Human theologian
Strong collision risk with Polish Catholic sacramental culture, where ‘namaszczenie’ is closely tied to the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick and to chrismation at Baptism/Confirmation (bierzmowanie, a near-universal Polish rite of passage). 1 John’s chrisma is the Spirit’s ongoing teaching indwelling given to every believer at conversion, not a specific sacramental rite administered once by a bishop.
Confidence in the Day of Judgment
Polish name: ufność w dniu sądu
Key terms: day of judgment, confidence, as he is so are we
Review routing: Human theologian
Must be distinguished from the popular Catholic framework of a particular judgment followed by purgatorial purification prior to final beatitude; 1 John anchors present-tense confidence about that future day in Christ’s present, already-perfected love, not a probationary process still pending.
Overcoming the World
Polish name: zwyciężanie świata
Key terms: world, overcome, faith overcomes the world
Review routing: Human theologian
‘Świat’ is multivalent in Polish as in Greek, carrying both the sense of humanity loved and savable by God (4:9) and the morally-opposed system to be resisted (2:15-17); teaching materials must disambiguate per occurrence and retain the letter’s confident, already-accomplished tense (‘have overcome’), not merely an aspirational future struggle.
The Love Command and Christ’s Commandments
Polish name: przykazanie miłości
Key terms: commandment, new commandment, old commandment
Review routing: Human theologian
Polish catechesis gives ‘przykazanie’ strong prior association with the Decalogue (Dziesięć Przykazań) as an external legal code. 1 John’s entolē is relational and Christ-derived, centered on love, and must not be flattened into rule-keeping divorced from love-generated obedience.
Fear Expelled by Perfect Love
Polish name: bojaźń wyrzucona przez miłość
Key terms: fear, perfect love casts out fear, punishment
Review routing: Human theologian
Polish devotional and catechetical tradition places strong positive value on ‘bojaźń Boża’ (fear of God) as a virtue; must clearly distinguish this verse’s servile, punitive dread — which perfected love expels — from the positive reverential fear of God affirmed elsewhere in Scripture, so learners do not conclude that all reverence for God is abolished by love.
The Threefold Witness
Polish name: trojakie świadectwo
Key terms: water and blood, Spirit, testimony
Review routing: Human theologian
Later manuscripts (Textus Receptus/Vulgate/Wujek tradition) include the Comma Johanneum Trinitarian formula at 5:7, absent from earliest Greek manuscripts and omitted or footnoted in modern critical-text translations including the current Biblia Tysiąclecia. This curriculum must state explicitly which textual basis is followed to avoid inconsistency across lessons and confusion for audiences familiar with older devotional/liturgical citations of the longer reading.
Warning Against Idolatry
Polish name: przestroga przed bałwochwalstwem
Key terms: idols, keep yourselves from idols
Review routing: Human theologian
Polish Catholic devotional practice makes extensive, theologically self-differentiated use of religious images and statues (of Christ, Mary, and the saints) as aids to veneration, carefully distinguished by Catholic theology from idolatry proper. This curriculum should render the verse faithfully as a warning against any rival object of ultimate trust and worship without adjudicating Catholic theology of sacred images, flagging the pastoral sensitivity for teachers of mixed Catholic/Protestant audiences.
Children of God versus Children of the Devil
Polish name: dzieci Boże a dzieci diabła
Key terms: children of God, children of the devil, practices righteousness, practices sin
Review routing: Human theologian
Birth-derived, family-resemblance identity language (tekna) is theologically complementary to, yet lexically distinct from, the baseline’s legal-adoption image (‘usynowienie’) used in Romans; must not be collapsed into a status conferred merely by sacramental infant baptism.
Medium Risk Doctrines
Worldly Desire
Polish name: pożądliwość świata
Key terms: lust of the flesh, lust of the eyes, pride of life
Review routing: Native speaker review
Standard rendering; ensure ‘pycha’ (pride) is understood as arrogant self-sufficiency/status-display rather than mere self-respect.
Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony
Polish name: apostolskie świadectwo naoczne
Key terms: heard, seen, touched, testify
Review routing: Native speaker review
Sensory-verification language underwrites the letter’s opening apologetic against docetic denial of Christ’s real physical humanity; should not be smoothed into merely figurative or devotional language.
Low Risk Doctrines
Consistency of Profession and Practice
Polish name: zgodność wyznania i postępowania
Key terms: liar, if we say… but
Review routing: Automated review
Standard diagnostic contrasting profession with practice; low risk, unambiguous Polish vocabulary (kłamca).
Referenced passages