Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Thessalonians
English → Polish | Full-Book Term Glossary with Translation Risk
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 2 Thessalonians 1–3. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] carry over the Romans Language Package translation_memory.json rendering exactly, unmodified. New terms are assessed using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework from the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Baseline Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lord | κύριος | kyrios | Pan | Critical | Lordship of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| God | θεός | theos | Bóg | Critical | Deity of Christ / God’s Righteous Judgment | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iēsous | Jezus | Critical | Lordship of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Father | πατήρ | patēr | Ojciec | Critical | Adoption into God’s Family | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Faith | πίστις | pistis | wiara | Critical | Faith (contrasted with “belief in the lie,” 2:11-12) | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Grace | χάρις | charis | łaska | High | Grace | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Salvation | σωτηρία / σωθῆναι | sōtēria / sōthēnai | zbawienie | Critical | Salvation | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | euangelion | Ewangelia | High | Gospel | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός | hagiasmos | uświęcenie | High | Sanctification | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | hagioi | święci | Critical | Sainthood (corporate, all-believers sense) | [BASELINE REUSE — retain all-believers clarifying note] |
| Calling / Called | κλῆσις / ἐκάλεσεν | klēsis / ekalesen | powołanie / powołał | Critical | Divine Calling | [BASELINE REUSE — retain priesthood-distinction clarifying note] |
| Election (root) | εἵλατο (ἐκλογή family) | heilato | wybrał (link: wybranie) | High | Election | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Glory | δόξα | doxa | chwała | Medium | Deity of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | eirēnē | pokój | Medium | Peace with God | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | ekklēsia | kościół | Medium | Church as God’s People | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Obedience of Faith (link) | ἔργον πίστεως | ergon pisteōs | dzieło wiary | High | Obedience of Faith | [BASELINE REUSE — linked concept] |
| Exhort/Admonish (link) | νουθετέω | noutheteō | upominać (root shared with baseline “napominać”) | Low | Mutual Edification | [BASELINE REUSE — linked concept] |
| Power (link) | δύναμις | dynamis | moc | Medium | Power of God | [BASELINE REUSE — linked concept, broader referent than Romans 1:16] |
Section B — New Terms: The Day of the Lord
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου | hēmera tou kyriou | dzień Pański / dzień Pana | Critical | OT-rooted, specific, future, decisive day of divine reckoning; must not be flattened to vague “someday” language. |
| Coming / Parousia | παρουσία | parousia | przyjście (technical synonym: “paruzja”) | High | Use “przyjście” in running text per established Polish Bible convention; “paruzja” acceptable only in systematic-theology teaching notes. |
| ”has come” (perfect tense) | ἐνέστηκεν | enestēken | nastał / nadszedł | Critical | Must convey a completed arrival, NOT mere nearness (“nadchodzi/jest bliski” is a mistranslation that undermines Paul’s entire argument in 2:3-12). |
| Gathering together | ἐπισυναγωγή | episynagōgē | zgromadzenie | Medium | Distinguish from “synagoga” (synagogue) as a place. |
| Restrainer (impersonal) | τὸ κατέχον | to katechon | to, co powstrzymuje | High | Genuine, longstanding exegetical ambiguity (Roman law/order? gospel proclamation? angelic restraint? divine sovereignty?). Must preserve ambiguity, not resolve it. |
| Restrainer (personal) | ὁ κατέχων | ho katechōn | powstrzymujący | High | Same ambiguity as above; note grammatical shift from neuter to masculine participle. |
| Mystery of lawlessness | μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας | mystērion tēs anomias | tajemnica bezprawia | High | Collision risk with devotional “tajemnice różańcowe” (rosary mysteries) / “tajemnice wiary”; clarify this denotes covertly-operating evil, not devotional contemplation. |
| Appointed time | καιρός | kairos | wyznaczony czas | Medium | God’s own sovereign timetable, distinct from mere chronological duration (χρόνος). |
Section C — New Terms: The Man of Lawlessness
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Man of lawlessness | ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας | anthrōpos tēs anomias | człowiek niegodziwości | Critical (highest in curriculum) | Reject “człowiek grzechu” (older variant-text-based rendering). MUST include explicit teaching note that the text does not identify any specific historical office, institution, or living person — guards against historic anti-papal Reformation polemic resurfacing in a deeply Catholic national context. |
| The lawless one | ὁ ἄνομος | ho anomos | Niegodziwiec / bezprawny | Critical | Same sensitivity as above; keep terminology consistent with “człowiek niegodziwości.” |
| Lawlessness | ἀνομία | anomia | bezprawie | High | Distinct from ἀδικία (“nieprawość”) and ἁμαρτία (“grzech” — baseline term); stresses active rebellion against divine order, not generic wrongdoing. |
| Rebellion / apostasy | ἀποστασία | apostasia | odstępstwo (NOT “apostazja”) | Critical | ”Apostazja” is a live contemporary Polish term for the formal canonical act of leaving the Catholic Church; using it risks the audience hearing a prediction about mass formal Church defection rather than an end-time rebellion against God. |
| Son of destruction | υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | huios tēs apōleias | syn zatracenia | Medium | Hebraic idiom; standard once explained. |
| The adversary | ἀντικείμενος | antikeimenos | przeciwnik | Medium | — |
| Self-exaltation | ὑπεραιρόμενος | hyperairomenos | wynoszący się (nad) | Medium | Echoes Isaiah 14 / Ezekiel 28 tyrant-oracles. |
| Object of worship | σέβασμα | sebasma | przedmiot kultu | High | Must not be read as commentary on the Catholic latria/veneration-of-saints distinction; this text condemns self-deification, not legitimate Catholic veneration practice. |
| Temple of God | ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | naos tou theou | świątynia Boża | High | Debated referent (literal future temple / church as temple / symbolic); do not resolve dogmatically beyond the text; clarify it is not a statement about literal Catholic church buildings. |
| Enthronement | καθίσαι | kathisai | zasiąść | Medium | — |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς | Satanas | Szatan | Low | Standard, unambiguous. |
| Signs and wonders (false) | δύναμις, σημεῖα, τέρατα ψεύδους | dynamis, sēmeia, terata pseudous | moc, znaki i cuda zwodnicze/kłamliwe | High | The “ψεύδους” (false/lying) qualifier must always accompany this triad; never present as legitimate miracle without the qualifier. |
| Working of Satan | ἐνέργεια τοῦ Σατανᾶ | energeia tou Satana | działanie Szatana | Medium | Deliberate ironic parody of Christ’s own parousia — teaching notes should surface this literary structure. |
| Breath of his mouth | πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ | pneuma tou stomatos autou | tchnienie ust Jego | Medium | OT allusion to Isaiah 11:4; preserve in teaching notes. |
| Bring to nothing | καταργήσει | katargēsei | zniszczy / obróci w nicość | Medium | — |
| Manifestation of his coming | ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας | epiphaneia tēs parousias | objawienie się Jego przyjścia | Medium | Avoid the loanword “epifania” in running text (collision with the liturgical feast of Epiphany, Trzech Króli). |
Section D — New Terms: God’s Righteous Judgment
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Righteous judgment | δικαία κρίσις | dikaia krisis | sprawiedliwy sąd | High | Forensic, judicial verdict; links to baseline sprawiedliwość (Critical). |
| To be judged/condemned | κρίνω (κριθῶσιν) | krinō (krithōsin) | sąd / zostać osądzonym | High | Connect explicitly to the corporate, public, future Day-of-Judgment framework of ch.1; do not read as a private post-mortem process alone. |
| Vengeance / just recompense | ἐκδίκησις | ekdikēsis | odwet (preferred) / wymierzenie sprawiedliwości | Medium-High | Avoid pomsta, which carries a stronger personal-revenge connotation than the judicial sense intended. |
| Eternal destruction | αἰώνιος ὄλεθρος | aiōnios olethros | wieczna zguba | High | Retain both eternality and destruction; avoid softening toward a temporary/disciplinary sense. |
| God sends delusion | πέμπει… ἐνέργειαν πλάνης | pempei energeian planēs | Bóg zsyła działanie zwiedzenia | Critical | Judicial-judgment act in response to prior truth-rejection; do not soften God’s active role to mere “allowing,” nor overstate to imply arbitrary deception of the innocent. |
| Presence/face of the Lord | πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου | prosōpon tou kyriou | oblicze Pana | Medium | Hebraic idiom for exclusion from God’s personal presence. |
| Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | prawda | High | Headline antithesis term (vs. “kłamstwo/zwiedzenie”); render consistently across 2:10, 12, 13. |
| The lie | ψεῦδος | pseudos | kłamstwo | High | Direct antithesis of “wiara” (faith in Christ); keep contrast explicit in teaching notes. |
| Delusion / error | πλάνη | planē | zwiedzenie | High | Paired consistently with ἐνέργεια (“działanie zwiedzenia”). |
| Deception | ἀπάτη | apatē | oszustwo | Low-Medium | — |
| Unrighteousness | ἀδικία | adikia | nieprawość | Medium | Distinct from ἀνομία (“bezprawie”); stresses wrongdoing/injustice rather than lawless rebellion. |
| Those perishing | ἀπολλύμενοι | apollymenoi | ci, którzy giną | Medium | — |
| Love of the truth | ἀγάπη τῆς ἀληθείας | agapē tēs alētheias | miłość prawdy | High | Rejecting this is the root cause of vulnerability to end-time deception. |
| Delighted in unrighteousness | εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ | eudokēsantes tē adikia | znajdujący upodobanie w nieprawości | Medium | Denotes willful, approving preference, not mere weakness. |
Section E — New Terms: Perseverance under Persecution
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | wytrwałość | High | Headline doctrine term. Distinguish from Polish Catholic redemptive-suffering piety (Salvifici Doloris tradition): Paul grounds endurance in hope of Christ’s future vindication, not suffering itself adding merit. |
| Affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | ucisk | Medium | Suffering specifically for the faith, not generic hardship. |
| Persecutions | διωγμοί | diōgmoi | prześladowania | Medium | — |
| To be glorified / marveled at | ἐνδοξασθῆναι / θαυμασθῆναι | endoxasthēnai / thaumasthēnai | być otoczonym chwałą / wzbudzić podziw | Medium | Links to baseline chwała. |
Section F — New Terms: Standing Firm in the Traditions
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditions | παραδόσεις | paradoseis | tradycje | Critical (elevated for this curriculum) | Denotes the specific, closed apostolic instruction Paul personally delivered to the Thessalonian church (oral + this and the prior letter) — NOT the Catholic theological category of an open, ongoing, independently authoritative Tradycja mediated through the Magisterium. Every occurrence (2:15; 3:6) requires an explicit clarifying teaching note. Reserve capitalized “Tradycja” strictly for contrastive teaching notes, never for the running biblical text. |
| Stand firm | στήκετε | stēkete | stójcie / trwajcie | High | Active, resolute steadfastness against the destabilizing false teaching of 2:2. |
| Hold fast | κρατεῖτε | krateite | trzymajcie się / zachowujcie | High | Paired directly with “tradycje.” |
| Establish / strengthen | στηρίξαι | stērixai | utwierdzić / umocnić | High | Deliberate wordplay with στήκετε — God’s strengthening is the divine counterpart to the human imperative to stand firm. |
| Disorderly conduct / idleness | ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος | ataktōs peripatountos | postępujący nieporządnie / próżnujący | High | Direct pastoral fallout of the false “Day has come” teaching (2:2); not generic laziness. |
| ”If anyone will not work, let him not eat” | εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω | ei tis ou thelei ergazesthai, mēde esthietō | kto nie chce pracować, niech nie je | Critical (Poland-specific cultural collision) | Closely echoes the 20th-century communist-era Polish propaganda slogan “kto nie pracuje, nie je” (from the 1936 Soviet Constitution). Teaching materials must explicitly reframe this as a voluntary, in-community pastoral discipline tied to a specific eschatological error, distinct from its later coercive political usage. |
| Busybodies | περιεργαζόμενοι | periergazomenoi | wścibscy / wtrącający się w cudze sprawy | Low-Medium | — |
| Imitate | μιμεῖσθαι | mimeisthai | naśladować | Low-Medium | Paul’s own labor as a deliberate, reproducible model. |
| Disobeys the word | ἀπειθεῖ τῷ λόγῳ | apeithei tō logō | nieposłuszny słowu | Medium-High | Links to baseline posłuszeństwo wiary; here the referent is obedience to specific apostolic instruction. |
| Do not associate with | μὴ συναναμίγνυσθαι | mē synanamignysthai | nie obcować (z nim) | Medium-High | Must be distinguished from formal canonical ekskomunika; this is a temporary, relational, restorative measure, not juridical excommunication. |
| Admonish as a brother | νουθετεῖτε ὡς ἀδελφόν | noutheteite hōs adelphon | upominajcie jak brata | Low | Discipline remains relational; the person is never addressed as anything but “brother.” |
| Own-hand signature | ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ | ho aspasmos tē emē cheiri | własnoręczny podpis | Medium | Directly answers the false-letter concern of 2:2; cross-reference in teaching notes. |
Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms, Sections B–F) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 | Day of the Lord (“nastał/nadszedł”), Man of Lawlessness (“człowiek niegodziwości,” “Niegodziwiec”), Apostasy (“odstępstwo”), God sends delusion, Traditions (“tradycje”), “kto nie chce pracować, niech nie je” |
| High | 20 | Includes κατέχον/κατέχων ambiguity, μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας, σέβασμα, ναός τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλήθεια/ψεῦδος/πλάνη family, δικαία κρίσις, κρίνω, ὑπομονή, στήκετε/κρατεῖτε/στηρίξαι, ἀτάκτως, and related terms |
| Medium | ~20 | Standard doctrinal vocabulary requiring native speaker review |
| Low | ~6 | Minimal-risk standard vocabulary |
All Critical and High risk terms in this glossary require human theologian review per the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json routing convention before Phase 2 segment translation proceeds.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
CRITICAL: personal trust in Christ, not inherited national-religious identity or a status conferred automatically through baptism/First Communion. [Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Thessalonians sharpens this risk with a second, textually explicit antithesis: wiara w prawdę (2:13) versus uwierzenie kłamstwu, belief in the lie (2:11-12). Both risks must be taught together.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Original: σωτηρία / σωθῆναι
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: reconciliation with God received by faith, not a status assumed automatically through sacramental or national-religious belonging. [Inherited from Romans package.] In 2:10 (‘aby zostali zbawieni’) retains the personal, faith-conditioned sense tied to loving/believing the truth, in explicit contrast to those perishing through deception (2:10-13).
Saints
Approved rendering: święci
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: święci kanonizowani, czczeni i proszeni o wstawiennictwo
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
CRITICAL: corporate, all-believers designation, distinguished from canonized/venerated saints. [Inherited from Romans package.] 1:10 (‘otoczony chwałą wśród swoich świętych’) requires the baseline’s explicit all-believers clarifying note in every occurrence, given John Paul II’s record number of canonizations.
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: ‘powołanie’ in Polish Catholic culture is overwhelmingly associated with a call to priesthood or consecrated religious life. [Inherited from Romans package.] Grounds the Thessalonians’ hoped-for worthiness (1:11); retain the baseline’s distinction from the culturally dominant priesthood/religious-life sense in every occurrence.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Standard and unambiguous personal third Person of the Trinity. [Inherited from Romans package.] Underlies 2:13’s ‘ἁγιασμὸς πνεύματος’ (uświęcenie Ducha) as one of the twin means of salvation.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
CRITICAL: right standing before God granted through faith, not merit accumulated through religious practice. [Inherited from Romans package.] The new term ‘sprawiedliwy sąd’ (righteous judgment, 1:5) links directly to this baseline term and must retain its forensic, judicial sense.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: exclusive, supreme lordship. [Inherited from Romans package.] In 2 Thessalonians the title anchors both ‘dzień Pański’ (day of the Lord, 2:2) and ‘przyjście naszego Pana Jezusa Chrystusa’ (2:1) — consistency is essential because the letter’s entire refutation of the false teaching depends on recognizing both phrases as referring to the same exclusive Lord.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Standard and unambiguous. [Inherited from Romans package.] In 2:11 (‘Bóg zsyła im działanie zwiedzenia’) must retain full personal, judicial agency; do not soften into an impersonal force.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Standard across all Polish Bible traditions; no variant-form risk. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
God as personal Father; standard and unambiguous. [Inherited from Romans package.] Invoked in the letter’s opening greeting (1:1-2) and closing benediction (2:16).
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: dzień Pański / dzień Pana
Transliteration: hēmera tou kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: dzień Pański rozumiany jako niedziela (dzień tygodnia liturgicznego), Sąd Ostateczny jako jedyny odpowiednik, bez konkretnego kontekstu narracyjnego 2 Tes 2
Original: ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
OT-rooted, specific, future, decisive day of divine reckoning consummated at Christ’s parousia (2:1-2). CRITICAL Poland-specific collision: ‘dzień Pański’ is the standard catechetical Polish phrase for Sunday observance, reinforced by John Paul II’s apostolic letter Dies Domini; every eschatological occurrence requires a disambiguating gloss. Must not be flattened into only the generic ‘Sąd Ostateczny’ catechetical shorthand.
Has Come
Approved rendering: nastał / nadszedł
Transliteration: enestēken
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: nadchodzi / jest bliski (osłabia logiczną strukturę argumentu Pawła w 2:3-12)
Original: ἐνέστηκεν
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL exegetical hinge of the whole passage (2:2): perfect tense denoting a completed state of arrival. The false teaching claimed the Day had ALREADY ARRIVED, not merely that it was near. Never use ‘nadchodzi/jest bliski.‘
Man Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: człowiek niegodziwości
Transliteration: anthrōpos tēs anomias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: człowiek grzechu (starsza wersja oparta na mniejszościowym warancie tekstowym ἁμαρτίας), jakakolwiek identyfikacja z urzędem papieskim, konkretną instytucją lub żyjącą osobą
Original: ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Man of Lawlessness
HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN THIS CURRICULUM (2:3-4). Historic Reformation-era polemic (outside this curriculum’s teaching) identified this figure with the papal office; in Poland’s papacy-venerating national culture, especially regarding John Paul II, this association is acutely sensitive. Every occurrence requires an explicit teaching note that the text names no specific historical office, institution, or living person, and keeps the referent future/eschatological.
The Lawless One
Approved rendering: Niegodziwiec / bezprawny
Transliteration: ho anomos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: identyfikacja instytucjonalna
Original: ὁ ἄνομος
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Title used once the man of lawlessness is fully unveiled (2:8); must remain terminologically consistent with ‘człowiek niegodziwości’ and free of institutional identification.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: odstępstwo
Transliteration: apostasia
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: apostazja (kolizja z żywym, statystycznie śledzonym współczesnym terminem oznaczającym formalne wystąpienie z Kościoła katolickiego)
Original: ἀποστασία
Category: Man of Lawlessness
CRITICAL Poland-specific collision: ‘apostazja’ is a live, technical, contemporary Polish administrative term (surging since 2018 clergy-abuse revelations, annually reported). Using it risks readers hearing a prediction of mass formal Catholic Church defection rather than a climactic, final, God-opposing end-time rebellion (2:3). Use ‘odstępstwo’ exclusively, with explicit clarifying note at every occurrence.
God Sends Delusion
Approved rendering: Bóg zsyła działanie zwiedzenia
Transliteration: pempei energeian planēs
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Bóg pozwala (zbyt pasywne, zaciera aktywną rolę sądową Boga), Bóg oszukuje niewinnych (przesada, wypacza logikę tekstu)
Original: πέμπει … ἐνέργειαν πλάνης
Category: Judgment
This is a judicial-judgment statement (2:11), not an arbitrary act; must not be softened into mere permission nor overstated to imply arbitrary deception of the innocent. The causal sequence — prior rejection of truth, then God’s active judicial handing-over to delusion — must be made explicit in teaching notes.
Traditions
Approved rendering: tradycje
Transliteration: paradoseis
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: Tradycja (wielka litera — katolicka kategoria Tradycji Świętej jako otwartego, trwającego źródła objawienia interpretowanego przez Magisterium)
Original: παραδόσεις
Category: Tradition
SINGLE HIGHEST-PRIORITY TERM IN THIS CURRICULUM. Denotes the specific, closed body of apostolic instruction Paul personally delivered to the Thessalonian church, oral and written (2:15; 3:6) — NOT the Catholic theological category of an open, ongoing, Magisterially-interpreted Tradycja. Every occurrence requires an explicit clarifying note. Reserve capitalized ‘Tradycja’ strictly for contrastive teaching notes, never for running biblical text.
Work Or No Eat Maxim
Approved rendering: kto nie chce pracować, niech nie je
Transliteration: ei tis ou thelei ergazesthai, mēde esthietō
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: odczytanie przez pryzmat komunistycznego sloganu PRL ‘kto nie pracuje, nie je’ jako zasady ekonomiczno-politycznej
Original: εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω
Category: Tradition
CRITICAL Poland-specific collision: closely echoes the 20th-century communist-era Polish propaganda slogan ‘kto nie pracuje, nie je’ (from the 1936 Soviet Constitution), used to coerce labor and delegitimize non-workers. Must be explicitly reframed as a voluntary, pastoral, in-community discipline tied to a specific eschatological error (3:10), never a general economic-political maxim.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Standard term shared by Catholic (Biblia Tysiąclecia) and Protestant (Biblia Gdańska, Biblia Warszawska) Polish Bibles. Must be taught as the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ, not conflated with the four Gospel books alone or a generic uplifting message. [Inherited from Romans package.] In 2 Thessalonians 1:8 Ewangelia is paired directly with judgment language (‘ci, którzy nie są posłuszni Ewangelii’); must retain the sense of an authoritative proclamation demanding response.
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
As in other Catholic-majority contexts, historic catechesis frames łaska as infused and increased through sacramental participation and merit. [Inherited from Romans package.] Reused exactly in every greeting and benediction of this letter (1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18); no new risk introduced.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: uświęcenie
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: oczyszczenie pokutne, w tym poprzez czyściec
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy; must not collapse into the Catholic penitential/purgatorial framework. [Inherited from Romans package.] Paired in 2:13 with ‘wiara w prawdę’ as the twin instrumental means of salvation.
Election
Approved rendering: wybranie
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Original: εἵλατο (root ἐκλογή)
Category: Salvation
God’s sovereign personal choice; avoid fatalistic ‘przeznaczenie/los’ framing. [Inherited from Romans package.] Underlies 2:13’s ‘εἵλατο’ (wybrał) — God’s sovereign choice of the Thessalonians for salvation ‘as firstfruits.‘
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: posłuszeństwo wiary
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: posłuszeństwo nakazom kościelnym i praktykom religijnym
Obedience flowing from faith, not compliance with church precepts or ritual practice. [Inherited from Romans package.] Conceptually linked to the new term ‘dzieło wiary’ (work of faith, 1:11) and to ‘nieposłuszny słowu’ (disobeys the word, 3:14), which addresses obedience to specific apostolic instruction rather than the general summary formula.
Parousia
Approved rendering: przyjście
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: paruzja jako tłumaczenie tekstu biblijnego bieżącego (dozwolone wyłącznie w notach systematyczno-teologicznych)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
The visible, personal, bodily return of Christ (2:1), and, ironically parodied, the lawless one’s own satanic ‘coming’ (2:9). Use ‘przyjście’ in running Bible text; ‘paruzja’ permitted only in teaching notes.
Restrainer Impersonal
Approved rendering: to, co powstrzymuje
Transliteration: to katechon
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: jednoznaczna identyfikacja (Imperium Rzymskie, Kościół, papiestwo, głoszenie Ewangelii) nierozstrzygnięta w tekście
Original: τὸ κατέχον
Category: Eschatology
Genuine, longstanding exegetical ambiguity (2:6). Preserve the open-ended force of the Greek; do not import a specific identification not settled in the text.
Restrainer Personal
Approved rendering: powstrzymujący
Transliteration: ho katechōn
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: jednoznaczna identyfikacja osobowa nierozstrzygnięta w tekście
Original: ὁ κατέχων
Category: Eschatology
Personal counterpart (2:7) to the impersonal restrainer of 2:6; note the grammatical shift neuter→masculine. Must preserve, not resolve, the ambiguity.
Mystery Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: tajemnica bezprawia
Transliteration: mystērion tēs anomias
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: skojarzenie z tajemnicami różańcowymi lub tajemnicami wiary jako obiektem pobożnej kontemplacji
Original: μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Eschatology
Lawlessness already covertly at work (2:7), awaiting full unveiling. Polish ‘tajemnica’ carries strong devotional associations (tajemnice różańcowe, tajemnice wiary); every occurrence must clarify this denotes a hidden, presently-operating evil reality, not devotional contemplation.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: bezprawie
Transliteration: anomia
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: grzech (spłaszczenie do ogólnego przewinienia moralnego, gubi sens buntu przeciw Bożemu porządkowi)
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Active, defiant rebellion against God’s law/order (2:3, 7); keep distinct from ἀδικία (‘nieprawość’) and from the baseline term ‘grzech.‘
Object Of Worship
Approved rendering: przedmiot kultu
Transliteration: sebasma
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: interpretacja rozstrzygająca wewnętrzne rozróżnienie katolickie kult świętych / latria
Original: σέβασμα
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Everything humanity venerates as divine, usurped by the lawless one (2:4). Must not be read as commentary on the Catholic latria/veneration-of-saints distinction; this text condemns self-deification, not legitimate Catholic veneration practice.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: świątynia Boża
Transliteration: naos tou theou
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: dosłowne odniesienie do konkretnych budynków kościelnych jako rozstrzygnięcie dogmatyczne
Original: ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Debated referent (rebuilt Jerusalem temple / church as temple / symbolic usurpation, 2:4); do not resolve dogmatically beyond the text; clarify this is not a statement about literal Catholic church buildings.
False Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: moc, znaki i cuda zwodnicze
Transliteration: dynamis, sēmeia, terata pseudous
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: opuszczenie kwalifikatora ‘zwodnicze/kłamliwe’, co sugerowałoby autentyczne cuda
Original: δύναμις, σημεῖα, τέρατα ψεύδους
Category: Man of Lawlessness
A deliberate counterfeit of the standard NT triad used elsewhere of genuine divine miracles (2:9-10); the false/deceptive qualifier must always accompany this triad.
Righteous Judgment
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwy sąd
Transliteration: dikaia krisis
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: sąd użyty samodzielnie w znaczeniu potocznym (‘opinia’, ‘pogląd’)
Original: δικαία κρίσις
Category: Judgment
God’s just legal verdict vindicating the persecuted and condemning persecutors (1:5); links to baseline ‘sprawiedliwość’ (Critical). Retain the fixed phrase, never ‘sąd’ alone, to keep the forensic sense anchored.
Judged Condemned
Approved rendering: zostać osądzonym
Transliteration: krithōsin
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: prywatny proces pośmiertny w izolacji od korporacyjnego, publicznego Dnia Sądu z rozdziału 1
Original: κριθῶσιν
Category: Judgment
The purpose clause of 2:12; must connect explicitly to the corporate, public, future Day-of-Judgment framework of chapter 1.
Vengeance
Approved rendering: odwet
Transliteration: ekdikēsis
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: pomsta (silniejsze skojarzenie z osobistą zemstą/wendetą niż z sądowym odwetem)
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment
God’s own righteous, judicial repayment against those who reject the gospel and persecute his people (1:8). Prefer ‘odwet’ or ‘wymierzenie sprawiedliwości’; never ‘pomsta.‘
Eternal Destruction
Approved rendering: wieczna zguba
Transliteration: aiōnios olethros
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: kara tymczasowa lub czysto dyscyplinująca
Original: αἰώνιος ὄλεθρος
Category: Judgment
The final, irreversible judicial outcome for those who reject the gospel, defined relationally as exclusion from Christ’s presence (1:9). Retain both eternality and destruction together.
Truth
Approved rendering: prawda
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Judgment
Headline antithesis term (versus ‘kłamstwo/zwiedzenie’), 2:10, 12, 13; render consistently across all occurrences.
The Lie
Approved rendering: kłamstwo
Transliteration: pseudos
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ψεῦδος
Category: Judgment
The specific falsehood (the lawless one’s self-deification claim) truth-rejecters are judicially given over to believe (2:11); direct antithesis of the baseline term ‘wiara.‘
Delusion Error
Approved rendering: zwiedzenie
Transliteration: planē
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: πλάνη
Category: Judgment
The active, empowering deception God sends in judicial response to truth-rejection (2:11); render consistently as part of ‘działanie zwiedzenia.‘
Love Of The Truth
Approved rendering: miłość prawdy
Transliteration: agapē tēs alētheias
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀγάπη τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Judgment
Genuine affection for and commitment to the gospel; refusing it is the root cause of vulnerability to end-time deception (2:10).
Faith In The Truth
Approved rendering: wiara w prawdę
Transliteration: pistis alētheias
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: πίστις ἀληθείας
Category: Judgment
Belief in the gospel truth, paired with sanctification as the twin means of salvation (2:13); direct antithesis of ‘uwierzyć kłamstwu’ (2:11) — must render this contrast unmistakably.
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: wytrwałość
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: cierpienie odkupiające jako podstawa/uzasadnienie wytrwałości (zamiast nadziei na przyszłe usprawiedliwiające objawienie się Chrystusa)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Headline doctrine term (1:4). Polish Catholic spirituality’s rich, positive tradition of redemptive/meritorious suffering (Salvifici Doloris) must not reframe Paul’s endurance as suffering itself adding merit; ground it in confident hope of Christ’s future righteous vindication (1:5-10).
Stand Firm
Approved rendering: stójcie / trwajcie
Transliteration: stēkete
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στήκετε
Category: Tradition
Direct imperative to hold a stable position against the destabilizing false teaching of 2:2 (2:15); must convey active, resolute steadfastness, not passive waiting.
Hold Fast
Approved rendering: trzymajcie się / zachowujcie
Transliteration: krateite
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: κρατεῖτε
Category: Tradition
Active, firm retention of the apostolic traditions received (2:15), as opposed to drifting from them; paired directly with ‘tradycje.‘
Establish Strengthen
Approved rendering: utwierdzić / umocnić
Transliteration: stērixai
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στηρίξαι
Category: Tradition
God’s own strengthening of believers (2:17), the divine counterpart to the human imperative to stand firm (2:15); deliberate wordplay with στήκετε, lost in Polish text but recoverable in teaching notes.
Disorderly Conduct
Approved rendering: postępujący nieporządnie / próżnujący
Transliteration: ataktōs peripatountos
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: ogólna skarga na lenistwo niezwiązana z okazją listu
Original: ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος
Category: Tradition
Idle, out-of-formation conduct among believers who had apparently stopped working because they believed the Day of the Lord had already arrived (3:6, 11); must retain the connection to the eschatological error of 2:2.
Disobeys The Word
Approved rendering: nieposłuszny słowu
Transliteration: apeithei tō logō
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἀπειθεῖ τῷ λόγῳ
Category: Tradition
Persistent, unrepentant disregard for the apostolic instruction of this letter, warranting corrective church discipline (3:14); links to baseline ‘posłuszeństwo wiary,’ but here the referent is obedience to specific apostolic instruction.
Do Not Associate With
Approved rendering: nie obcować (z nim)
Transliteration: mē synanamignysthai
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: ekskomunika (formalny akt kanoniczny o określonych skutkach prawnych)
Original: μὴ συναναμίγνυσθαι
Category: Tradition
A measured, corrective, temporary fraternal-discipline instruction toward a disorderly believer, aimed at repentance (3:14); must be distinguished from formal canonical excommunication. The person is still called ‘brother’ (3:15).
Work Of Faith
Approved rendering: dzieło wiary
Transliteration: ergon pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Original: ἔργον πίστεως
Category: Faith
Action flowing from and evidencing genuine faith, which God’s power fulfills in the believer (1:11); distinct Greek phrase from baseline ‘obedience_of_faith’ (ὑπακοὴ πίστεως) but conceptually linked — teach as faith-produced action, not works added toward merit.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: powołany
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: ἐκάλεσεν
Category: Salvation
Context-sensitive summons language. [Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant to 2:14’s ‘ekalesen’ (powołał) — God’s summons of the Thessalonians through the gospel.
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
God’s radiant honor and presence. [Inherited from Romans package.] Christ is glorified in his saints (1:10, 12); believers are called to obtain a share in this glory (2:14).
Peace
Approved rendering: pokój
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Relational peace with God through justification, not merely inner calm. [Inherited from Romans package.] Bookends the letter’s opening (1:2) and closing (3:16) as a settled gift.
Church
Approved rendering: kościół
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Kościół jako jedyna prawowita instytucja hierarchiczna
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Distinguish the local gathered congregation from the capitalized institutional sense. [Inherited from Romans package.] 1:1 addresses the specific local congregation at Thessalonica (‘kościół w Tesalonice’), not the institutional-hierarchical sense.
Sin
Approved rendering: grzech
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: drobne przewinienie (minimizing euphemism)
Moral transgression before a personal God. [Inherited from Romans package.] Retained here specifically as the contrast-term the new 2 Thessalonians term ‘lawlessness/bezprawie’ must NOT be flattened into; ἀνομία denotes active rebellion against divine order, not the generic ‘grzech.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boża
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Standard, unambiguous rendering. [Inherited from Romans package.] Distinguish from the new, broader-referent term ‘moc’ (power) used in 1:11.
Gathering Together
Approved rendering: zgromadzenie
Transliteration: episynagōgē
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: synagoga (pomieszanie z miejscem zgromadzeń żydowskich)
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Eschatology
Believers’ future gathering to Christ at his parousia (2:1); do not reduce to a routine weekly church assembly.
Appointed Time
Approved rendering: wyznaczony czas
Transliteration: kairos
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: καιρός
Category: Eschatology
God’s own fixed, qualitatively decisive timetable (2:6), distinct from χρόνος (mere chronological duration).
Manifestation Of His Coming
Approved rendering: objawienie się Jego przyjścia
Transliteration: epiphaneia tēs parousias
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: epifania (kolizja ze świętem liturgicznym Objawienia Pańskiego / Trzech Króli, 6 stycznia)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας
Category: Eschatology
Visible, glorious self-disclosure accompanying Christ’s return (2:8), at which the lawless one is destroyed.
Son Of Destruction
Approved rendering: syn zatracenia
Transliteration: huios tēs apōleias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Hebraic idiom marking the man of lawlessness’s essential character and certain final doom (2:3); standard once explained.
The Adversary
Approved rendering: przeciwnik
Transliteration: antikeimenos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀντικείμενος
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Total, defiant opposition to God and everything divine (2:4).
Self Exaltation
Approved rendering: wynoszący się (nad)
Transliteration: hyperairomenos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὑπεραιρόμενος
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Radical self-exaltation to godlike status (2:4), echoing Isaiah 14 / Ezekiel 28 tyrant-oracles.
Enthronement
Approved rendering: zasiąść
Transliteration: kathisai
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: καθίσαι
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Enthronement language depicting the lawless one assuming a ruler’s seat of authority in God’s own place (2:4).
The Evil One
Approved rendering: zły
Transliteration: ho ponēros
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ πονηρός
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Personal title for Satan, from whom Christ protectively guards believers (3:3).
Working Of Satan
Approved rendering: działanie Szatana
Transliteration: energeia tou Satana
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἐνέργεια τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Active empowerment attributed to Satan behind the lawless one’s counterfeit ‘coming’ (2:9); deliberate literary parody of Christ’s own parousia.
Breath Of His Mouth
Approved rendering: tchnienie ust Jego
Transliteration: pneuma tou stomatos autou
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ
Category: Man of Lawlessness
OT allusion (Isaiah 11:4) to the Messiah’s spoken word as the instrument of judgment (2:8); Christ’s effortless, total sovereignty.
Bring To Nothing
Approved rendering: zniszczy / obróci w nicość
Transliteration: katargēsei
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: καταργήσει
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Christ’s total, final nullification of the lawless one’s power and claims (2:8).
Presence Of The Lord
Approved rendering: oblicze Pana
Transliteration: prosōpon tou kyriou
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Judgment
Hebraic idiom for God’s personal presence (1:9), from which the condemned are eternally, relationally excluded.
Deception
Approved rendering: oszustwo
Transliteration: apatē
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀπάτη
Category: Judgment
The instrument by which the lawless one ensnares those already perishing (2:10).
Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: nieprawość
Transliteration: adikia
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀδικία
Category: Judgment
Moral quality of the deception (2:10) and what the condemned took approving pleasure in (2:12); keep distinct from ἀνομία (‘bezprawie’).
Those Perishing
Approved rendering: ci, którzy giną
Transliteration: apollymenoi
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀπολλύμενοι
Category: Judgment
Present participle describing those currently on a trajectory to final destruction (2:10), contrasted with those being saved.
Delighted In Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: znajdujący upodobanie w nieprawości
Transliteration: eudokēsantes tē adikia
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ
Category: Judgment
Settled, approving delight in wrongdoing (2:12), underscoring willful preference, not mere weakness.
Affliction
Approved rendering: ucisk
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: problemy (zbyt ogólne, gubi sens cierpienia konkretnie za wiarę)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
Real, ongoing pressure and distress endured specifically for the faith (1:4, 6).
Persecutions
Approved rendering: prześladowania
Transliteration: diōgmoi
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: διωγμοί
Category: Perseverance
Active hostile pursuit or harassment for one’s faith, the concrete external pressure endurance responds to (1:4).
Glorified Marveled
Approved rendering: być otoczonym chwałą / wzbudzić podziw
Transliteration: endoxasthēnai / thaumasthēnai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ἐνδοξασθῆναι / θαυμασθῆναι
Category: Perseverance
Christ’s own glorification in and through his vindicated, persevering people at his coming (1:10); links to baseline ‘chwała.‘
Own Hand Signature
Approved rendering: własnoręczny podpis Pawła
Transliteration: ho aspasmos tē emē cheiri Paulou
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ Παύλου
Category: Tradition
Paul’s personal authentication mark (3:17), directly answering the 2:2 concern about a forged letter falsely claiming the Day of the Lord had arrived.
We Command
Approved rendering: nakazujemy
Transliteration: parangellomen
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: łagodna sugestia/propozycja
Original: παραγγέλλομεν
Category: Tradition
Paul’s formal, authoritative apostolic directive behind the practical instructions of chapter 3 (3:4, 6, 12); stronger than a mere suggestion.
Lord Is Faithful
Approved rendering: wierny jest Pan
Transliteration: pistos ho kyrios
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: πιστός ὁ κύριος
Category: God
God’s reliable, trustworthy covenant character, grounding confidence in believers’ perseverance (3:3); keep the adjective πιστός visibly related to ‘wiara/wierny’ in teaching notes.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: pierworodni / pierwociny
Transliteration: aparchē
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Salvation
The Thessalonians as an early, representative harvest of God’s saving purpose (2:13); flag the textual variant (ἀπαρχήν vs. ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ‘from the beginning’) for translator awareness.
Eternal Comfort
Approved rendering: wieczna pociecha
Transliteration: paraklēsis aiōnia
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: παράκλησις αἰωνία
Category: Faith
God’s permanent, settled encouragement, grounding the call to stand firm (2:16).
Good Hope
Approved rendering: dobra nadzieja
Transliteration: elpis agathē
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἐλπὶς ἀγαθή
Category: Faith
Confident hope grounded in God’s character, not wishful optimism (2:16).
Obtaining Of Glory
Approved rendering: udział w chwale
Transliteration: peripoiēsis doxēs
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: περιποίησις δόξης
Category: God
The Thessalonians’ promised future share in Christ’s glory, the goal of God’s call through the gospel (2:14); links to baseline ‘chwała.‘
Power
Approved rendering: moc
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
God’s power fulfilling believers’ faith-driven purposes and good resolves (1:11); linked to baseline ‘moc Boża’ but here the referent is broader than Romans 1:16’s specific power-for-salvation sense — render simply ‘moc’ with a contextual note distinguishing the two referents.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: dziękczynienie
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Standard term. No significant risk. [Inherited from Romans package.] Occurs at 1:3 and 2:13.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: wspólnota
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: świętych obcowanie (specific creedal formula)
Use for general fellowship sense; avoid conflating with the specific creedal phrase ‘świętych obcowanie.’ [Inherited from Romans package.]
Exhort
Approved rendering: napominać
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Standard term. [Inherited from Romans package.] Root-family shared with the new term ‘upominać’ (admonish, 3:15), though the Greek verb (νουθετέω) differs from παρακαλέω.
Satan
Approved rendering: Szatan
Transliteration: Satanas
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Man of Lawlessness
Standard, unambiguous personal chief adversary of God (2:9).
Not Grow Weary
Approved rendering: nie ustawać w czynieniu dobra
Transliteration: ekkakein kalopoiountes
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ἐκκακεῖν καλοποιοῦντες
Category: Perseverance
Encouragement to the faithful majority not to be discouraged in sustained good works by the minority’s poor conduct (3:13).
Busybodies
Approved rendering: wścibscy / wtrącający się w cudze sprawy
Transliteration: periergazomenoi
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: περιεργαζόμενοι
Category: Tradition
The idle believers’ meddling in others’ affairs instead of productive work (3:11).
Imitate
Approved rendering: naśladować
Transliteration: mimeisthai
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: μιμεῖσθαι
Category: Tradition
Modeling one’s conduct on Paul’s own disciplined labor, presented as a deliberate, reproducible pattern (3:7, 9).
Admonish As Brother
Approved rendering: upominajcie jak brata
Transliteration: noutheteite hōs adelphon
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: νουθετεῖτε ὡς ἀδελφόν
Category: Tradition
Correction offered within, not outside, ongoing family relationship (3:15); links to baseline ‘napominać.‘
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: słowo Pańskie
Transliteration: logos tou kyriou
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: λόγος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Tradition
The apostolic gospel message, whose ongoing spread and glorification is the object of prayer (3:1).
Wicked And Evil Men
Approved rendering: źli i niegodziwi ludzie
Transliteration: atopoi kai ponēroi anthrōpoi
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ἄτοποι καὶ πονηροὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Perseverance
Morally deranged, harmful opponents of the gospel mission, from whom Paul asks deliverance (3:2).
Admonish
Approved rendering: upominać
Transliteration: noutheteō
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship / Mutual Edification
Original: νουθετέω
Category: Faith
To correct or warn within an ongoing family relationship, addressed to a straying believer ‘as a brother,’ not as an outsider (3:15); distinct Greek verb from baseline ‘exhort’ (παρακαλέω) but shares the same relational, restorative register in Polish.
Referenced passages