Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Ephesians (Koine Greek → Polish)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json for the Ephesians curriculum. It never contradicts the baseline. Section A lists terms already established in the Romans Language Package that recur in Ephesians and MUST be reused exactly. Section B lists new terms introduced by Ephesians, proposed for addition to translation memory with the same risk-tier conventions (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in Ephesians
| English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Ephesians Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion | Ewangelia | High | 1:13; 3:6; 6:15, 19 | Reuse exactly; ch. 6:15’s “gospel of peace” pairs with baseline “pokój.” |
| Grace | χάρις / charis | łaska | High | 1:2, 6-7; 2:5, 7-8; 3:2, 7-8; 4:7, 29 | Central to core passage 2:5, 8. |
| Faith | πίστις / pistis | wiara | Critical | 1:15; 2:8; 3:12, 17; 4:5, 13; 6:16, 23 | Core passage 2:8. Must not slide toward inherited/national religious identity per baseline caution. |
| Salvation / Save | σωτηρία, σῴζω / sōtēria, sōzō | zbawienie | Critical | 1:13; 2:5, 8; 6:17 | Core passage 2:5, 8. Perfect-tense “you have been saved” must read as a settled, completed state. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | sprawiedliwość | Critical | 4:24; 5:9; 6:14 | Also underlies “breastplate of righteousness,” 6:14. |
| Church | ἐκκλησία / ekklēsia | kościół | Medium | 1:22; 3:10, 21; 5:23-25, 27, 29, 32 | Distinguish from capitalized institutional “Kościół”; heavily used in Ephesians’ body-of-Christ passages. |
| Saints | ἅγιοι / hagioi | święci | Critical | 1:1, 15, 18; 2:19; 3:8, 18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18 | Very frequent in Ephesians; every occurrence needs the baseline’s all-believers clarifying note. |
| Holy | ἅγιος / hagios | święty | High | 1:4; 2:21; 3:5; 5:3, 27 | Standard. |
| Calling / Called | κλῆσις, κλητός / klēsis, klētos | powołanie / powołany | High | 1:18; 4:1, 4 | Baseline Critical caution against priesthood/religious-life default applies directly to 4:1, 4. |
| Election | ἐκλογή, ἐκλέγομαι / eklogē, eklegomai | wybranie / wybrał | High | 1:4 | Avoid fatalistic “przeznaczenie/los” framing per baseline. |
| Adoption | υἱοθεσία / huiothesia | usynowienie | Medium (High in Ephesians’ Critical predestination context) | 1:5 | Use “usynowienie,” not Tysiąclecia’s phrase “przybrani synowie,” for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| Father | πατήρ / patēr | Ojciec | Critical | 1:2, 3, 17; 2:18; 3:14; 4:6; 5:20; 6:2, 4, 23 | Standard. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | Duch Święty | Critical | 1:13; 4:30 | Standard. |
| God | θεός / theos | Bóg | Critical | throughout | Standard. |
| Lord | κύριος / kyrios | Pan | Critical | 1:2-3, 15, 17; 2:21; 4:1, 5, 17; 5:8, 10, 17, 19-20, 22; 6:1, 4, 7-8, 10, 21, 23-24 | Very frequent; ch. 6’s household “master” (κύριος) usage is a distinct sense requiring disambiguation (see 08 Section B). |
| Glory | δόξα / doxa | chwała | High | 1:6, 12, 14, 17-18; 3:13, 16, 21 | Standard. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | pokój | Medium | 1:2; 2:14-15, 17; 4:3; 6:15, 23 | Central to unity doctrine (2:14-17) and armor of God (6:15). |
| Spiritual Gifts | χαρίσματα (concept; cf. δωρεά/δόμα) | dary duchowe | Medium | (conceptually 4:7-11) | Keep distinct from the specific “gift of Christ” (δωρεά/δόμα) sense — see Section B. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (concept; cf. συμμέτοχος) | wspólnota | Low | (conceptually 3:6; 4:3-4) | No direct κοινωνία occurrence in Ephesians, but the unity/shared-participation concept recurs; use consistent baseline term. |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / basileia tou theou | królestwo Boże | Medium | 5:5 (“kingdom of Christ and of God”) | Standard. |
| Law | νόμος / nomos | Prawo | High | 2:15 | The Law’s separating “ordinances” (δόγμα) abolished in Christ — see Section B for δόγμα. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | grzech | Medium | 2:1 | Core passage. |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη / ethnē | poganie | Medium | 2:11; 3:1, 6, 8; 4:17 | Baseline caution against overstated negative connotation applies strongly, since Ephesians’ rhetorical point welcomes Gentiles. |
| Covenant | διαθήκη / diathēkē | przymierze | High | 2:12 | ”Covenants of promise.” |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω / parakaleō | napominać (contextually “zachęcać/proszę”) | Low | 4:1 | ”I urge you” — reuse baseline term family; context here is appeal/entreaty, not rebuke. |
| Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ / dynamis theou | moc Boża | Medium | 1:19; 3:7, 16, 20 | Standard; also underlies the cosmic-power list (see Section B, “Moc” as a ranked power-category, distinct sense). |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία / eucharistia (concept; cf. εὐχαριστέω) | dziękczynienie | Low | 1:16; 5:4, 20 | Standard. |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ / Israēl | Izrael | Low (Medium in Ephesians’ covenant context) | 2:12 | ”Commonwealth of Israel.” |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | apostoł | Low | 1:1; 2:20; 3:5; 4:11 | Standard. |
| Prophet | προφήτης / prophētēs | prorok | Low | 2:20; 3:5; 4:11 | Standard. |
| Imputed Righteousness (concept) | (cf. grace/works contrast) | poczytana sprawiedliwość (concept underlies 2:8-9) | Critical | 2:8-9 | Never render works (v.9) as contributing to the “credited” righteousness framework; see new term “ἔργα” below for the specific negation. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Ephesians (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Polish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapter(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mystery | μυστήριον / mystērion | tajemnica | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1:9; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19 | ”sakrament” (Vulgate-derived, at 5:32 only) | Distinguish from Catholic devotional “tajemnica” (Rosary Mysteries, Eucharistic mystery); Ephesians’ sense is a specific, historically disclosed plan, not a permanent devotional mystery. |
| Predestine / Predestination | προορίζω / proorizō | przeznaczyć | Critical | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:5, 11 | none rejected outright — flagged as necessary despite tension with baseline’s own caution about “przeznaczenie” fatalism under “election” | Standard Polish Bible verb, but directly collides with the fatalistic vernacular sense the baseline warned against; require an explicit accompanying doctrinal note (“in love,” 1:4-5) at every occurrence. |
| Purpose / Plan (of God, re: election) | πρόθεσις / prothesis | zamysł / postanowienie | High | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:11; 3:11 | ”przeznaczenie,” “los” | Same fatalism caution as above. |
| Good pleasure / will | εὐδοκία / eudokia | (dobra) wola / upodobanie | Medium | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1:5, 9 | ”kaprys” (caprice) | Must convey loving, purposeful will, not arbitrary whim. |
| Redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις / apolytrōsis | odkupienie | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:7, 14 | none | Well-aligned with Catholic tradition; teach as decisive, completed at the cross. |
| Forgiveness | ἄφεσις / aphesis | odpuszczenie (grzechów) | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:7 | none | Do not present as contingent on the sacrament of confession as its necessary channel in this text’s own argument. |
| Inheritance | κληρονομία / klēronomia | dziedzictwo | Medium | Election and Predestination / Body of Christ | 1:11, 14, 18; 5:5 | none | Certain, grace-secured, not forfeitable by insufficient merit. |
| Guarantee / Pledge | ἀρραβών / arrabōn | rękojmia | Medium | Assurance (cf. Romans baseline) | 1:14 | ”znak” (sign, too weak) | Preserve legal-guarantee force. |
| Sealed | σφραγίζω / sphragizō | opieczętowani | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1:13; 4:30 | none | Not a separate ecclesial rite; the Spirit’s own securing act. |
| Body (ecclesial) | σῶμα / sōma | ciało | Critical | The Church as the Body of Christ | 1:23; 2:16; 4:4, 12, 16; 5:23, 30 | none | Distinguish sharply from (a) Eucharistic “Ciało Chrystusa/Ciało Pańskie,” and (b) the “flesh” (sarx-adjacent fallen-nature) sense in 2:3. Always requires contextual disambiguation note. |
| Head | κεφαλή / kephalē | głowa | Critical | Body of Christ / Household Codes | 1:22; 4:15; 5:23 | none | Two related but distinguishable applications (Christ over church; husband over wife) — track separately; anchor to Paul’s own self-giving-love content (5:25-30), not culturally supplied authoritarian content. |
| Fullness | πλήρωμα / plērōma | pełnia | High | Body of Christ / Mystery | 1:23; 3:19; 4:13 | none | Anchor tightly to Christ/church referent; avoid drift toward New Age “cosmic fullness” resonance in Polish wellness/esoteric discourse. |
| Rulers/Authorities/Powers/Dominion (cosmic) | ἀρχή, ἐξουσία, δύναμις, κυριότης / archē, exousia, dynamis, kyriotēs | Zwierzchność, Władza, Moc, Panowanie | High | Spiritual Warfare | 1:21; 3:10; 6:12 | none | Christ is supreme over these; “Panowanie” here (subordinate power) must not be confused with “panowanie Chrystusa” (Christ’s own unique, supreme Lordship). |
| World rulers / cosmic powers of darkness | κοσμοκράτωρ / kosmokratōr | władcy tego świata (tej ciemności) | High | Spiritual Warfare | 6:12 | folk “zły urok” framing | Real personal spiritual beings, already defeated in principle (1:20-22); avoid both folk-superstition flattening and rationalist dismissal. |
| Spiritual forces of evil | πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας / pneumatika tēs ponērias | złe duchy | High | Spiritual Warfare | 6:12 | none | Same caution as above. |
| Full armor of God | πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ / panoplia tou theou | cała zbroja Boża | Critical | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6:11, 13 | amulet/talisman framing | Must not be confused with worn protective objects (medalik, szkaplerz) in Polish folk-Catholic piety; the armor is actively appropriated truth/righteousness/faith/salvation/word/prayer. |
| Belt of truth | ζώνη τῆς ἀληθείας / zōnē tēs alētheias | pas prawdy | Medium | Spiritual Warfare | 6:14 | none | First armor piece. |
| Breastplate of righteousness | θώραξ τῆς δικαιοσύνης / thōrax tēs dikaiosynēs | pancerz sprawiedliwości | Medium (inherits Critical from sprawiedliwość) | Spiritual Warfare | 6:14 | none | |
| Shield of faith | θυρεὸς τῆς πίστεως / thyreos tēs pisteōs | tarcza wiary | Medium (inherits Critical from wiara) | Spiritual Warfare | 6:16 | none | θυρεός = large body-length shield, not a small buckler. |
| Helmet of salvation | περικεφαλαία τοῦ σωτηρίου / perikephalaia tou sōtēriou | przyłbica zbawienia | Medium (inherits Critical from zbawienie) | Spiritual Warfare | 6:17 | none | |
| Sword of the Spirit / Word of God | μάχαιρα τοῦ Πνεύματος, ῥῆμα Θεοῦ / machaira tou pneumatos, rhēma theou | miecz Ducha, Słowo Boże | Medium | Spiritual Warfare | 6:17 | none | Distinguish “Słowo Boże” here (Scripture/proclaimed word) from the Christological title “Słowo” (Logos, John 1:1). |
| Struggle / wrestling | πάλη / palē | walka / zmaganie | Medium | Spiritual Warfare | 6:12 | ”wojna” (too generic) | Preserve close-combat intensity. |
| Ambassador | πρεσβεύω / presbeuō | poseł | Low | Mission (cf. Romans baseline) | 6:20 | ”ambasador” (acceptable secondary variant) | Follow Tysiąclecia’s “poseł.” |
| One new man / new humanity | εἷς καινός ἄνθρωπος / heis kainos anthrōpos | jeden nowy człowiek | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:15 | ”zjednoczona grupa” (too weak, merely sociological) | Ontological new-creation claim; lexically echoed by 4:24’s individual “new self” — use identical wording. |
| Dividing wall | φραγμός / phragmos | mur (rozdzielający) | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:14 | none | Resonant with Polish wall-history (e.g. Warsaw Ghetto); anchor to Temple-barrier background. |
| Hostility / enmity | ἔχθρα / echthra | wrogość | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:14, 16 | none | Both horizontal and vertical (humanity-God) hostility abolished at the cross. |
| Ordinances / decrees (of the Law) | δόγμα / dogma | przepisy (Prawa) | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:15 | ”dogmat” (false-friend risk — do not use for this sense) | “Dogmat” in Polish primarily means a fixed doctrinal formula (e.g. Marian dogmas); avoid using it for Mosaic ceremonial regulations here. |
| Strangers / aliens | ἀλλότριος, ξένος / allotrios, xenos | cudzoziemcy / przychodnie | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:12, 19 | none | Total prior exclusion, reversed “but now” (2:13). |
| Commonwealth of Israel | πολιτεία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ / politeia tou Israēl | społeczność Izraela | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:12 | none | Requires OT covenant background. |
| Temple / Building / Cornerstone / Foundation | ναός, οἰκοδομή, ἀκρογωνιαῖος, θεμέλιος | świątynia, budowla, kamień węgielny, fundament | Medium | Church as Body of Christ / Unity | 2:20-21 | none | Refers to the people of God corporately, not a physical building. |
| Dwelling place (of God) | κατοικητήριον / katoikētērion | przybytek / mieszkanie (Boga) | Medium | Church as Body of Christ | 2:22 | none | Corporate church, by the Spirit — not a physical sanctuary. |
| Reveal / Revelation | ἀποκαλύπτω, ἀποκάλυψις / apokalyptō, apokalypsis | objawić / objawienie | High | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 3:3, 5 | none | Distinguish from Polish Catholic private-apparition associations (e.g. Fatima, Faustyna); this is completed apostolic/scriptural revelation. |
| Fellow heir / fellow member of the body / fellow partaker | συγκληρονόμος, σύσσωμος, συμμέτοχος | współdziedzice, współczłonkowie ciała, współuczestnicy (obietnicy) | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Mystery | 3:6 | ”również otrzymują” (too weak) | Preserve “współ-” prefix in each to retain full-parity emphasis. |
| Manifold wisdom | πολυποίκιλος σοφία / polypoikilos sophia | wielorak / przeróżna mądrość | Low | Mystery of Christ Revealed | 3:10 | none | |
| Boldness / confident access | παρρησία / parrēsia | śmiały przystęp / ufność | Medium | Mystery / Prayer (cf. Romans baseline intercession caution) | 3:12 | none | Direct access through Christ; avoid implying necessary mediation through other intercessors. |
| Breadth, length, height, depth (of Christ’s love) | πλάτος, μῆκος, ὕψος, βάθος | szerokość, długość, wysokość, głębokość | Low | Mystery / Love of Christ | 3:18 | none | |
| Unity | ἑνότης / henotēs | jedność | Medium | Church as Body of Christ | 4:3, 13 | none | Anchor to Ephesians’ specific Spirit-given, doctrinally defined unity, not generic ecumenical goodwill. |
| Bond (of peace) | σύνδεσμος / syndesmos | więź (pokoju) | Low | Church as Body of Christ | 4:3 | none | |
| One baptism | βάπτισμα / baptisma | jeden chrzest | High | Church as Body of Christ | 4:5 | none | Present as Paul’s unity-affirming point without adjudicating Catholic/Evangelical sacramental-vs-ordinance debate. |
| Gift (of Christ to the church) | δωρεά, δόμα / dōrea, doma | dar | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:7-8 | none | Distinguish from “dary duchowe” (baseline spiritual_gifts) — here Christ’s gifting of ministry offices specifically. |
| Evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής / euangelistēs | ewangelista | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:11 | none | Distinguish from the far more common Polish referent: the four Gospel-writers (“czterej Ewangeliści”). |
| Pastor / Shepherd | ποιμήν / poimēn | pasterz | High | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:11 | none | Broader ministry gift for building up all believers, not narrowed exclusively to Catholic hierarchical clerical office (“pasterz Kościoła,” papal usage). |
| Teacher | διδάσκαλος / didaskalos | nauczyciel | Low | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:11 | none | |
| Equipping | καταρτισμός / katartismos | przygotowanie / wyposażenie | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:12 | none | Equips all believers for ministry, not only clergy. |
| Mature / Infant | τέλειος / νήπιος / teleios / nēpios | dojrzały / dzieci | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4:13-14 | ”doskonały” (implies sinless perfection — avoid) | |
| Old self / New self | παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | stary człowiek / nowy człowiek | High | Walking in Newness of Life | 4:22, 24 | ”poprawiony charakter” (mere self-improvement — reject) | Decisive “put off/put on” event, not gradual willpower-driven reform; matches baseline “Christian Identity in Christ” (Romans 6/8/12) Critical doctrine. |
| Renewal | ἀνανεόω, ἀνακαίνωσις / ananeoō, anakainōsis | odnowienie | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 4:23 | none | Ongoing outworking, distinct from the once-for-all new-creation event. |
| Righteousness and holiness | δικαιοσύνη καὶ ὁσιότης | sprawiedliwość i świątobliwość | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 4:24 | none | ”Świątobliwość” shares a root with “świętość/święci” (baseline Critical) — keep distinct from canonized-sainthood associations. |
| Imitator (of God) | μιμητής / mimētēs | naśladowca | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:1 | none | Anchor specifically to imitating God’s self-giving love (5:2), not generic devotional imitation. |
| Offering and sacrifice (of Christ) | προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία / prosphora kai thysia | ofiara | Critical | Walking in Newness of Life / Mystery of Christ | 5:2 | none | Do not use to adjudicate Catholic-Protestant Eucharistic-sacrifice debate; refers to Christ’s historical, once-for-all self-giving. |
| Light / Darkness | φῶς / σκότος | światło / ciemność | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:8 | none | Identity statement (“you are light”), not only behavioral description. |
| Filled with the Spirit | πληρόω πνεύματι / plēroō pneumati | napełnieni Duchem | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 5:18 | none | Anchor to the passage’s own content (worship, gratitude, mutual submission), given resonance with Polish Catholic Charismatic Renewal (“Odnowa w Duchu Świętym”). |
| Submit / Be subject to | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | poddanie się / być posłusznym | Critical | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 5:21-24 | one-directional-only reading in isolation from 5:21 and 5:25-33 | Render both the mutual-submission frame (5:21) and the specific wife-to-husband instruction (5:22-24) with precision; flag every occurrence for theologian review given contemporary Polish discourse (complementarian tradition, JPII’s “theology of the body,” secular critique). |
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Zbawiciel | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 5:23 | none | Consistent capitalization; exclusively Christological here. |
| Great mystery (marriage typology) | μυστήριον μέγα / mystērion mega | wielka tajemnica | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed / Household Codes | 5:32 | ”wielki sakrament” (Vulgate-derived; note historically but do not substitute) | Historic root of Catholic sacramental marriage theology via Vulgate’s “sacramentum”; modern Biblia Tysiąclecia itself uses “tajemnica,” not “sakrament,” here — follow the Greek/modern Catholic Bible text, with a background note on the historical connection. |
| Obey / Honor (children/parents) | ὑπακούω / τιμάω | być posłusznym / czcić | Low | Household Codes | 6:1-2 | none | |
| Discipline and instruction of the Lord | παιδεία καὶ νουθεσία κυρίου | wychowanie i pouczanie (Pańskie) | Medium | Household Codes | 6:4 | none | Holistic, loving formation, not narrow punitive discipline. |
| Bondservant/Slave / Master | δοῦλος / κύριος | niewolnicy / panowie | High | Household Codes | 6:5-9 | modernized “pracownicy/pracodawcy” without historical framing (acceptable only with explicit comment) | Requires historical-cultural framing; deliberate κύριος wordplay (human master vs. Christ as ultimate Pan) must be preserved and explained. |
| Partiality | προσωπολημψία / prosōpolēmpsia | wzgląd na osobę | Low | Household Codes | 6:9 | none | |
| Prayer / Petition | προσευχή, δέησις | modlitwa i prośba | Low | (general) | 6:18 | none |
Risk Summary for Ephesians New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 (mystery; predestine; body [ecclesial]; head; full armor of God; offering and sacrifice; submit/be subject to; great mystery [5:32]; plus imputed-righteousness concept inherited from baseline at 2:8-9) | Human theologian — mandatory, every occurrence |
| High | 13 (purpose/plan; sealed [borderline, treated Medium below]; fullness; cosmic powers list; world rulers; spiritual forces of evil; one new man; reveal/revelation; fellow heir cluster; one baptism; pastor/shepherd; old self/new self; bondservant/slave-master) | Human theologian |
| Medium | ~28 | Native speaker review |
| Low | ~10 | Automated review |
Note: exact counts will be reconciled with doctrine_risk_registry.json and bible_term_registry.json extensions in a subsequent pipeline step; this summary is provided for Phase 1 planning visibility only.
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json (v1) and bible_term_registry.json. All Section A terms must be enforced exactly as recorded in the baseline files. All Section B terms are proposed new entries pending Phase 1 Step 2+ doctrine-risk-registry integration.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith / Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Core passage Ephesians 2:8 (‘przez wiarę’); also 1:15; 3:12,17; 4:5,13; 6:16,23. Must convey personal trust in Christ, never inherited national-religious identity.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Core passage 2:5,8 (‘ἐστε σεσωσμένοι’ — perfect passive periphrastic). Polish must render as a settled, completed state (‘jesteście zbawieni’), never a process contingent on ongoing merit or sacramental participation.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Also underlies ‘pancerz sprawiedliwości’ (breastplate of righteousness, 6:14) and ‘sprawiedliwość i świątobliwość’ (4:24).
Saints
Approved rendering: święci
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: święci kanonizowani, czczeni i proszeni o wstawiennictwo
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Very frequent in Ephesians (1:1,15,18; 2:19; 3:8,18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18) — higher occurrence density than in Romans. Every occurrence requires the baseline’s clarifying note distinguishing corporate sainthood from canonized/venerated saints (e.g. Maksymilian Kolbe, Faustyna Kowalska).
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 4:1,4 address the whole congregation’s universal calling to unity and holy conduct, not a clerical or religious-life subset — pair with explicit context every occurrence.
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Very frequent in Ephesians (1:2-3,17; 2:18; 3:14; 4:6; 5:20; 6:2,4,23).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:13 (sealing); 4:30; 5:18 (filling); 6:17-18 (armor/prayer).
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard throughout Ephesians.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard throughout, in the combined forms ‘Jezus Chrystus’ and ‘Chrystus Jezus.‘
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Very frequent (1:2-3,15,17; 2:21; 4:1,5,17; 5:8,10,17,19-20,22; 6:1,4,7-8,10,21,23-24). Chapter 6’s household ‘master’ usage (6:5-9) is a distinct sense deliberately echoing Christ’s own Lordship (6:9) and must be disambiguated — see ‘bondservant_master.‘
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: poczytana sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: n/a (concept, cf. Romans 4:3)
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość wlana (kategoria trydencka)
Original: (concept underlying 2:8-9, cf. Romans 4:3)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:8-9’s grace-faith-not-works formula presupposes this concept; never allow works (v.9) to be read as contributing to the credited righteousness of v.8.
Intercession
Approved rendering: wstawiennictwo
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis (concept)
Doctrine: Prayer and Confident Access to God
Rejected alternatives: wstawiennictwo wyłącznie świętych i Maryi jako niezbędnych pośredników
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians’ ‘śmiały przystęp’ (3:12) and repeated prayer reports (1:15-19; 3:14-21; 6:18-20) describe direct, unmediated access to the Father through Christ; must not default to Marian/saintly mediation, given the intensity of Marian devotion centered on Częstochowa in Polish religious culture.
Christ
Approved rendering: Chrystus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New entry, closely related to the baseline’s ‘messiah’ (Mesjasz). Used pervasively throughout Ephesians (over 45 times) as the center of nearly every doctrine (union ‘in Christ,’ the body of Christ, the mystery of Christ). Must retain full Messianic and divine dignity; never render as a mere surname stripped of titular force.
Predestination
Approved rendering: przeznaczył
Transliteration: proorizō
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie (used as a fatalistic vernacular noun)
Original: προορίζω
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:5,11. Standard Polish Bible verb, but collides directly with vernacular ‘przeznaczenie/los,’ which carries strong fatalistic, quasi-astrological connotations reinforced by horoscope culture (‘to było jego przeznaczenie’). Require an explicit accompanying doctrinal note (‘z miłości,’ 1:4b-5a) at every occurrence; flagged for mandatory human theologian review.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: ciało
Transliteration: sōma
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα
Category: Church
Ephesians 1:23; 2:16; 4:4,12,16; 5:23,30. ‘Ciało Chrystusa’/‘Ciało Pańskie’ carries intense primary Eucharistic resonance in Polish Catholic liturgical life (the words of Communion distribution). This ecclesial sense must be clearly distinguished from that sacramental usage and from the unrelated fallen-nature ‘flesh’ sense (2:3) in every single occurrence.
Flesh Sarx
Approved rendering: ciało
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:3 (‘desires of the flesh and of the mind’). Lexically identical to ‘ciało’ used for the ecclesial Body of Christ and the Eucharistic ‘Ciało Pańskie’; context must always disambiguate this wholly distinct fallen-nature sense.
Head
Approved rendering: głowa
Transliteration: kephalē
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ / Household Codes
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Church
Ephesians 1:22; 4:15; 5:23. Two related but distinguishable applications (Christ over the church; husband over wife) must be tracked separately and anchored to Paul’s own defining content — self-sacrificial, Christ-like love (5:25-30) — not culturally-supplied authoritarian content.
Full Armor Of God
Approved rendering: cała zbroja Boża
Transliteration: panoplia tou theou
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: amulet/talisman framing
Original: πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:11,13. Polish folk-Catholic devotional culture retains a robust tradition of physical protective objects (medalik, szkaplerz, blessed rosaries); must be taught as the active, ongoing appropriation of truth, righteousness, faith, salvation, the gospel, and prayer — not a worn talisman.
Mystery
Approved rendering: tajemnica
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: sakrament (Vulgate-derived, applicable only as historical background at 5:32)
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 1:9; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19. Distinguish from Polish Catholic devotional ‘tajemnica’ (Tajemnice Różańca, Tajemnica Eucharystii); Ephesians’ sense is a historically specific, now-disclosed plan, not a permanently unfathomable devotional mystery. Single consistent rendering required throughout, each occurrence flagged for theologian review.
Great Mystery
Approved rendering: wielka tajemnica
Transliteration: mystērion mega
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed / Household Codes
Rejected alternatives: wielki sakrament
Original: μυστήριον μέγα
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 5:32. The Latin Vulgate rendered this same Greek μυστήριον as ‘sacramentum,’ the historic exegetical root of Catholic sacramental marriage theology; the modern Biblia Tysiąclecia itself renders it ‘Tajemnica to wielka,’ following the Greek. Preserve ‘wielka tajemnica,’ noting the Vulgate connection only as historical background, never substituting ‘sakrament.‘
Offering And Sacrifice
Approved rendering: ofiara
Transliteration: prosphora kai thysia
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία
Category: Christology
Ephesians 5:2. ‘Ofiara’ is also the standard Polish term for the Mass as sacrifice (‘Ofiara Mszy Świętej’), a historically contested Catholic-Protestant point regarding the Eucharist. This verse refers to Christ’s historical, once-for-all self-giving at the cross and must not be used to adjudicate the Eucharistic-sacrifice debate in either direction.
Submit Be Subject To
Approved rendering: poddanie się / bycie posłusznym
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Rejected alternatives: one-directional-only reading in isolation from 5:21 and 5:25-33
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household Codes
Ephesians 5:21-24. Render both the mutual-submission frame (5:21, ‘poddani sobie wzajemnie’) and the specific wife-to-husband instruction (5:22-24) with precision, anchored to Paul’s own self-sacrificial-love content (5:25-33). Never present 5:22-24 in isolation from 5:21 and 5:25-33. Flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review given contemporary Polish discourse (complementarian tradition, JPII’s ‘theology of the body,’ secular/feminist critique).
Works
Approved rendering: uczynki
Transliteration: erga
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔργα
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:9. Polish Catholic catechesis retains a well-developed theology of ‘uczynki miłosierdzia’ and merit gained through sacramental cooperation; this verse’s negation (‘nie z uczynków’) must be preserved with full force — salvation is not from works of any kind — without any softening gloss.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly in Ephesians 1:13; 3:6; 6:15,19. ‘Gospel of peace’ (6:15, εὐαγγέλιον τῆς εἰρήνης) pairs Ewangelia with baseline ‘pokój’ and must not be flattened into a generic message of civic goodwill or national reconciliation.
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace / Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the core passage (Ephesians 2:5,7-8) and to 4:7’s ministry-gifting language; must not be softened toward a merit-cooperation reading.
Election
Approved rendering: wybranie / wybrał
Transliteration: eklogē / eklegomai
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:4 (‘he chose us in him’) roots election explicitly ‘in love’ (1:4b-5a); avoid fatalistic framing.
Law
Approved rendering: Prawo
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:15 refers specifically to the Law’s separating ceremonial ‘ordinances’ (δόγμα), abolished in Christ, not the moral law’s content per se — see new term ‘ordinances_of_law.‘
Covenant
Approved rendering: przymierze
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: umowa prawna
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:12 speaks of the plural ‘covenants of promise’ (διαθῆκαι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας) from which Gentiles were formerly excluded.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: zmartwychwstanie / wskrzesił
Transliteration: anastasis / egeirō
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:20 grounds Christ’s own supremacy in his resurrection; kept doctrinally distinct from believers’ co-resurrection language (see new terms ‘made_alive_with_christ,’ ‘raised_with_christ’), which is positional/spiritual, not a claim of believers’ own bodily resurrection already accomplished.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: uświęcenie
Transliteration: hagiasmos (concept, cf. hosiotēs)
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: oczyszczenie pokutne, w tym poprzez czyściec
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Ephesians 4:24’s ‘sprawiedliwość i świątobliwość’ and 5:26-27’s washing/holiness language; must not collapse into the Catholic penitential/purgatorial framework.
Purpose Of God
Approved rendering: zamysł / postanowienie
Transliteration: prothesis
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Original: πρόθεσις
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:11; 3:11. Same fatalism caution as ‘predestination’; never render with ‘przeznaczenie’ or ‘los.‘
Redemption
Approved rendering: odkupienie
Transliteration: apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:7,14. Well-aligned with Catholic devotional tradition (‘Odkupienie’); teach as decisive, completed at the cross, not an ongoing sacramental process requiring supplementation.
Fullness
Approved rendering: pełnia
Transliteration: plērōma
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: πλήρωμα
Category: Church
Ephesians 1:23; 3:19; 4:13. Anchor tightly to its Christ-centered, ecclesial referent every time; never use without its governing genitive — avoid drift toward Polish New Age/wellness ‘cosmic fullness’ resonance.
Cosmic Powers
Approved rendering: Zwierzchność, Władza, Moc, Panowanie
Transliteration: archē, exousia, dynamis, kyriotēs
Doctrine: Supremacy of Christ over Cosmic Powers
Original: ἀρχή, ἐξουσία, δύναμις, κυριότης
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 1:21; 3:10; 6:12. Capitalized per Tysiąclecia convention when naming spirit-powers. ‘Panowanie’ here names a subordinate, hostile/created power-category and must never be confused with ‘panowanie Chrystusa,’ Christ’s own supreme and unique Lordship.
Ruler Of The Power Of The Air
Approved rendering: władca, który rządzi mocami powietrza
Transliteration: ho archōn tēs exousias tou aeros
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ὁ ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 2:2. A title for Satan; Polish folk piety retains vivid vernacular categories for malevolent spiritual agency (zły, nieczysty, złe moce) that can trivialize this figure into folklore or invite avoidance in a skeptical urban register; must be taught as a genuine personal being under God’s ultimate sovereignty.
World Rulers
Approved rendering: władcy tego świata (tej ciemności)
Transliteration: kosmokratōr
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: folk ‘zły urok’ (curse) framing
Original: κοσμοκράτωρ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:12. Real, personal spiritual beings already defeated in principle by Christ (1:20-22); avoid both folk-superstition flattening and rationalist dismissal.
Spiritual Forces Of Evil
Approved rendering: złe duchy
Transliteration: pneumatika tēs ponērias
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:12. Same caution as ‘world_rulers.‘
Breastplate Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: pancerz sprawiedliwości
Transliteration: thōrax tēs dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: θώραξ τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:14. Inherits Critical risk from ‘sprawiedliwość’; must not be treated as merely decorative martial imagery separable from that term.
Shield Of Faith
Approved rendering: tarcza wiary
Transliteration: thyreos tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: θυρεὸς τῆς πίστεως
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:16. θυρεός denotes a large, body-length Roman shield, not a small buckler; inherits Critical risk from ‘wiara.‘
Helmet Of Salvation
Approved rendering: przyłbica zbawienia
Transliteration: perikephalaia tou sōtēriou
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: περικεφαλαία τοῦ σωτηρίου
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:17. Inherits Critical risk from ‘zbawienie.‘
One New Man
Approved rendering: jeden nowy człowiek
Transliteration: heis kainos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: zjednoczona grupa
Original: εἷς καινός ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:15. An ontological new-creation claim, not merely sociological integration/tolerance; lexically echoed by 4:24’s individual ‘nowy człowiek’ — use identical Polish wording across both.
Reveal Revelation
Approved rendering: objawić / objawienie
Transliteration: apokalyptō / apokalypsis
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: ἀποκαλύπτω / ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 3:3,5. Distinguish from Polish Catholic private-apparition associations (Fatima; within Poland, the Divine Mercy revelations of St. Faustyna Kowalska); this is the completed, closed apostolic/scriptural revelation, not an ongoing category of private mystical disclosure.
Fellow Heir Cluster
Approved rendering: współdziedzice, współczłonkowie ciała, współuczestnicy (obietnicy)
Transliteration: synklēronomos, syssōmos, symmetochos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: również otrzymują
Original: συγκληρονόμος, σύσσωμος, συμμέτοχος
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 3:6. Preserve the ‘współ-’ prefix in each rendering to retain the full-parity emphasis Paul insists on between Jewish and Gentile believers.
One Baptism
Approved rendering: jeden chrzest
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:5. Present as Paul’s own unity-affirming point without adjudicating the Catholic-Evangelical sacramental-vs-ordinance debate on baptism.
Pastor
Approved rendering: pasterz
Transliteration: poimēn
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:11. Also names Christ (‘Dobry Pasterz’) and, in Catholic usage, bishops and the Pope (‘pasterz Kościoła’); must be presented as a broader ministry gift for building up all believers (4:12), not narrowed exclusively to ordained hierarchical office, nor flattened into a purely functional ‘team leader’ role.
Old Self New Self
Approved rendering: stary człowiek / nowy człowiek
Transliteration: palaios anthrōpos / kainos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: poprawiony charakter
Original: παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 4:22,24. Must retain the decisive, once-for-all ‘put off/put on’ event, not gradual moral reformation by willpower; lexically echoes 2:15’s corporate ‘jeden nowy człowiek’ — use identical Polish wording.
Bondservant Master
Approved rendering: niewolnicy / panowie
Transliteration: doulos / kyrios
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Rejected alternatives: pracownicy/pracodawcy (modernized substitution without historical framing)
Original: δοῦλος / κύριος
Category: Household Codes
Ephesians 6:5-9. Requires explicit historical-cultural framing in teaching notes to avoid either implying biblical endorsement of slavery, or obscuring the specific first-century social reality by over-modernizing. Preserve and explain the deliberate κύριος wordplay (human ‘pan’/master vs. Christ as ultimate ‘Pan,’ 6:9), since ‘Pan’ is the baseline’s Critical-risk term for Christ’s own exclusive Lordship.
Dead In Sin
Approved rendering: martwy / umarli
Transliteration: nekros
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Rejected alternatives: chorzy duchowo, słabi
Original: νεκρός
Category: Sin
Core passage, Ephesians 2:1,5. Must not soften to ‘chorzy duchowo’ or ‘słabi,’ which would imply latent human capacity to contribute to salvation, undermining the total-inability premise behind the ‘but God’ of 2:4.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: gniew (Boży)
Transliteration: orgē
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Original: ὀργή
Category: Sin
Core passage, Ephesians 2:3 (‘by nature children of wrath’); also 5:6. Must be preserved as God’s righteous judicial response to sin, not softened to disappointment or impersonal cosmic consequence.
Made Alive With Christ
Approved rendering: razem z Chrystusem przywrócił do życia / ożywił wraz z Chrystusem
Transliteration: syzōopoieō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: συζωοποιέω
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:5. Polish lacks a single compound verb for this co-vivification; must not flatten into a generic ‘ożywił nas,’ which loses the union-with-Christ, co-resurrection sense — the theological center of the verse.
Good Works
Approved rendering: dobre uczynki
Transliteration: erga agatha
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἔργα ἀγαθά
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:10. The same Polish word ‘uczynki’ functions in both a rejected sense (v.9) and an affirmed sense (v.10) within two verses, disambiguated only by clause structure; this paired-verse contrast must not be blurred into a single flattened statement about works. Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence of this pairing.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: kościół
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Kościół jako jedyna prawowita instytucja hierarchiczna
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians uses this term far more densely than Romans (1:22; 3:10,21; 5:23-25,27,29,32); distinguish from the capitalized institutional ‘Kościół’ of Polish national-religious life.
Holy
Approved rendering: święty
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:4; 2:21; 3:5; 5:3,27.
Called
Approved rendering: powołany
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive; Ephesians 4:1,4.
Adoption
Approved rendering: usynowienie
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:5 sits inside the Critical predestination cluster; use ‘usynowienie,’ not Biblia Tysiąclecia’s descriptive phrase ‘przybrani synowie,’ for cross-curriculum consistency.
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Frequent in Ephesians 1 (1:6,12,14,17-18) as the repeated goal-clause of the praise section, and again 3:13,16,21.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokój
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the unity doctrine (2:14-15,17, Christ himself ‘is our peace’) and to the armor of God (6:15, ‘gospel of peace’).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dary duchowe
Transliteration: charismata (concept)
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χαρίσματα (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians does not use χάρισμα itself but expresses the concept through δωρεά/δόμα (4:7-11); keep distinct from ‘gift_of_christ’ (ministry-office sense, new term below).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: królestwo Boże
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 5:5 (‘kingdom of Christ and of God’).
Sin
Approved rendering: grzech
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Rejected alternatives: drobne przewinienie
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Core passage, Ephesians 2:1, plural ‘your sins’ — accumulated personal guilt, not an abstract principle only.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: poganie
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Frequent in Ephesians’ unity argument (2:11; 3:1,6,8; 4:17). The baseline caution against ‘poganie’s’ stronger-than-Greek negative charge is especially important here, since Ephesians’ entire rhetorical point is welcoming, not excluding, this group.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boża
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:19; 3:7,16,20; distinguish from the same root δύναμις used in the ranked cosmic-power list (1:21) — a wholly different, subordinate referent (see ‘cosmic_powers’).
Mission
Approved rendering: misja
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō (concept)
Doctrine: Mission and Ambassadorship
Inherited from Romans package. Reinforced by Paul’s ‘poseł w kajdanach’ (ambassador in chains, 6:20) image.
Good Pleasure
Approved rendering: (dobra) wola / upodobanie
Transliteration: eudokia
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: kaprys
Original: εὐδοκία
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:5,9. Must convey loving, purposeful will, not arbitrary whim.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: odpuszczenie (grzechów)
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:7. Must not be presented as contingent on the sacrament of confession (spowiedź) as its necessary channel; this text locates forgiveness in Christ’s blood, received by grace through faith (cf. 2:8).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: dziedzictwo
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:11,14,18; 5:5. Certain and grace-secured; not a possession believers might forfeit through insufficient merit.
Guarantee
Approved rendering: rękojmia
Transliteration: arrabōn
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: znak
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:14. Preserve the legal-guarantee force; ‘znak’ (a mere sign) loses the binding, unconditional-guarantee sense.
Sealed
Approved rendering: opieczętowani
Transliteration: sphragizō
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:13; 4:30. The Spirit’s own securing act upon belief; avoid a purely ritual reading conflated with sacramental sealing imagery popularly attached to Confirmation (bierzmowanie).
Belt Of Truth
Approved rendering: pas prawdy
Transliteration: zōnē tēs alētheias
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ζώνη τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:14. First armor piece.
Sword Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: miecz Ducha
Transliteration: machaira tou pneumatos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: μάχαιρα τοῦ Πνεύματος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:17; defined by the accompanying term ‘word_of_god.‘
Struggle Wrestling
Approved rendering: walka / zmaganie
Transliteration: palē
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: wojna
Original: πάλη
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:12. ‘Zmaganie’ preserves the close, personal, wrestling-match intensity better than the generic ‘wojna’ (war).
Word Of God
Approved rendering: Słowo Boże
Transliteration: rhēma theou
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ῥῆμα Θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:17. Ensure this is read as Scripture/God’s spoken message, not conflated with the distinct Christological title ‘Słowo’ (Logos, John 1:1).
Dividing Wall
Approved rendering: mur (rozdzielający)
Transliteration: phragmos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: φραγμός
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:14. Resonates strongly with Poland’s own history of dividing walls (e.g. the Warsaw Ghetto wall); anchor to the Temple-barrier background, not a generalized modern political metaphor.
Hostility
Approved rendering: wrogość
Transliteration: echthra
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἔχθρα
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:14,16. Both horizontal (Jew-Gentile) and vertical (humanity-God) hostility abolished simultaneously at the cross.
Strangers Aliens
Approved rendering: cudzoziemcy / przychodnie
Transliteration: allotrios / xenos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἀλλότριος / ξένος
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:12,19. Preserve the force of total prior exclusion, reversed by the ‘but now’ of 2:13.
Commonwealth Of Israel
Approved rendering: społeczność Izraela
Transliteration: politeia tou Israēl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: πολιτεία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Ephesians 2:12. Requires Old Testament covenant background not automatically supplied by ordinary Polish cultural knowledge.
Ordinances Of Law
Approved rendering: przepisy (Prawa)
Transliteration: dogma
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: dogmat
Original: δόγμα
Category: Covenant
Ephesians 2:15. ‘Dogmat’ in Polish primarily means a fixed doctrinal formula (e.g. Marian dogmas) and must never be used for this ceremonial-regulation sense.
Temple Building
Approved rendering: świątynia / budowla / kamień węgielny / fundament
Transliteration: naos, oikodomē, akrogōniaios, themelios
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: ναός, οἰκοδομή, ἀκρογωνιαῖος, θεμέλιος
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:20-21. Refers to the people of God corporately, not a physical building — despite ‘świątynia’s’ strong evocation of physical church architecture and pilgrimage basilicas in Polish religious geography.
Dwelling Place Of God
Approved rendering: przybytek / mieszkanie (Boga)
Transliteration: katoikētērion tou theou
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: κατοικητήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:22. Parallels the Old Testament tabernacle/temple presence, now located in the corporate church by the Spirit — not a physical sanctuary building.
Boldness Access
Approved rendering: śmiały przystęp / ufność
Transliteration: parrēsia
Doctrine: Prayer and Confident Access to God
Original: παρρησία
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 3:12. Reinforces direct, unmediated access to God through Christ; avoid implying such boldness is properly mediated primarily through other intercessory figures.
Unity
Approved rendering: jedność
Transliteration: henotēs
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: ἑνότης
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:3,13. Anchor to Ephesians’ specific Spirit-given, doctrinally defined unity, not a generic ecumenical-goodwill term, despite the positive contemporary Polish ecumenical resonance of ‘jedność.‘
Gift Of Christ
Approved rendering: dar
Transliteration: dōrea / doma
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: δωρεά / δόμα
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:7-8. Distinguish from ‘dary duchowe’ (spiritual_gifts, above); here the referent is specifically the ministry offices of 4:11.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: ewangelista
Transliteration: euangelistēs
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:11. In ordinary Polish usage ‘ewangelista’ most commonly refers to the four Gospel-writers (‘czterej Ewangeliści’); this ongoing church-ministry office/gift sense must be explicitly distinguished from that far more familiar referent.
Equipping
Approved rendering: przygotowanie / wyposażenie
Transliteration: katartismos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: καταρτισμός
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:12. Must convey that every believer is equipped for active ministry, not merely trained to be a passive recipient of clergy-led ministry.
Mature Infant
Approved rendering: dojrzały / dzieci
Transliteration: teleios / nēpios
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: doskonały
Original: τέλειος / νήπιος
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:13-14. Avoid ‘doskonały’ for τέλειος (suggests sinless perfection, a contested category in Catholic-Protestant sanctification dialogue); ‘dojrzały’ better conveys growth-to-completion.
Renewal
Approved rendering: odnowienie
Transliteration: ananeoō / anakainōsis
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἀνανεόω / ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 4:23. Ongoing outworking of the mind’s renewal, distinct from the once-for-all new-creation (‘created,’ κτίζω) event of 2:10 and 4:24.
Righteousness And Holiness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość i świątobliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē kai hosiotēs
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Original: δικαιοσύνη καὶ ὁσιότης
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 4:24. ‘Świątobliwość’ shares a root with ‘świętość/święci’ (baseline Critical, canonized-sainthood associations); keep describing the new self’s God-oriented character for every believer, not proximity to canonized sainthood.
Imitator Of God
Approved rendering: naśladowca
Transliteration: mimētēs
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: μιμητής
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 5:1. Resonant with the Polish devotional tradition of ‘O naśladowaniu Chrystusa’ (Thomas à Kempis); anchor specifically to imitating God’s self-giving love (5:2), not generic devotional imitation.
Light Darkness
Approved rendering: światło / ciemność
Transliteration: phōs / skotos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: φῶς / σκότος
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 5:8. ‘You were darkness, but now you are light in the Lord’ is an identity statement (‘jesteście światłością’), not merely a behavioral description.
Filled With The Spirit
Approved rendering: napełnieni Duchem
Transliteration: plēroō pneumati
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Original: πληρόω πνεύματι
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 5:18. Poland’s significant Catholic Charismatic Renewal (‘Odnowa w Duchu Świętym’) gives this phrase strong contemporary resonance; anchor the term to the passage’s own content (worship, thanksgiving, mutual submission) rather than to movement-specific external expectations not addressed by this text.
Savior
Approved rendering: Zbawiciel
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
Ephesians 5:23. Consistent capitalization and exclusively Christological reference in this context (Christ as Savior of the church, his body).
Discipline And Instruction
Approved rendering: wychowanie i pouczanie (Pańskie)
Transliteration: paideia kai nouthesia kyriou
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: παιδεία καὶ νουθεσία κυρίου
Category: Household Codes
Ephesians 6:4. Ensure ‘wychowanie’ is understood as holistic, loving formation, not merely disciplinary correction in a narrow punitive sense.
Trespass
Approved rendering: występek / przewinienie
Transliteration: paraptōma
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Rejected alternatives: drobne uchybienie
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
Core passage, Ephesians 2:1,5. Avoid a term implying only minor lapses, which would undercut the ‘dead’ language it modifies.
Disobedience
Approved rendering: nieposłuszeństwo
Transliteration: apeitheia
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Original: ἀπείθεια
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:2 (‘sons of disobedience’), 5:6. Link explicitly to unbelief (niewiara), not merely bad behavior corrigible by better conduct.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: pożądliwości
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:3. Avoid narrowing exclusively to sexual desire — Paul’s scope includes intellectual and volitional appetites (‘τῶν διανοιῶν’).
Raised With Christ
Approved rendering: wraz z Nim wskrzesił
Transliteration: synegeirō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: συνεγείρω
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:6. Must retain ‘wraz z’ (together with) — dropping it collapses union-with-Christ theology into generic renewal language.
Seated With Christ
Approved rendering: wraz z Nim posadził
Transliteration: synkathizō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: συγκαθίζω
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:6. Avoid vague renderings that lose the enthronement/authority sense.
Heavenly Places
Approved rendering: okręgi niebieskie / sfery niebiańskie
Transliteration: epouranios
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12. No exact vernacular equivalent; avoid rendering simply as ‘niebo’ (final-destination heaven), which erases the present-spiritual-realm nuance distinct from eschatological heaven.
Gift Of Salvation
Approved rendering: dar
Transliteration: dōron
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: δῶρον
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:8. Distinguish from ‘dary duchowe’ (spiritual gifts) — same root, different referent: the gift of salvation itself, not a Spirit-given ability.
Workmanship
Approved rendering: dzieło
Transliteration: poiēma
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: produkt, wytwór
Original: ποίημα
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:10. Must retain the sense of God as sole craftsman/author, not a mechanical ‘produkt’ or ‘wytwór.‘
Created
Approved rendering: stworzony
Transliteration: ktizō
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: κτίζω
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:10. Ensure this is read as ongoing new-creation reality ‘in Christ,’ not merely one’s original biological creation.
Prepared Beforehand
Approved rendering: przygotował wcześniej / z góry przygotował
Transliteration: proetoimazō
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: προετοιμάζω
Category: Election
Core passage, Ephesians 2:10. Must not flatten into mere foreknowledge; align with the caution attached to ‘election’/‘providence’ — avoid fatalistic ‘przeznaczenie’ vocabulary while preserving genuine divine sovereignty.
Walk
Approved rendering: postępować / chodzić (w nowości życia)
Transliteration: peripateō
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
Core passage, Ephesians 2:10; recurs 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15. Ensure consistent rendering across every occurrence for doctrinal continuity.
Age Of This World
Approved rendering: wiek (tego świata)
Transliteration: aiōn
Doctrine: Universal Condition of Sin and Wrath
Original: αἰών
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:2. Must be distinguished from the neutral chronological ‘wiek’ (age of a person); render contextually as ‘duch/porządek tego świata’ rather than ‘wiek’ alone.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: wspólnota
Transliteration: koinōnia (concept)
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: świętych obcowanie
Original: κοινωνία (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. No direct κοινωνία occurrence in Ephesians, but the concept recurs in ‘fellow heirs/members/partakers’ (3:6) and ‘fellow citizens’ (2:19).
Exhort
Approved rendering: napominać (contextually: zachęcać / proszę)
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 4:1 (‘I urge/appeal to you’) is entreaty, not rebuke.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: dziękczynienie
Transliteration: eucharistia / eucharisteō
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:16; 5:4,20.
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Israēl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:12, ‘commonwealth of Israel’ — see new term ‘commonwealth_of_israel.‘
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostoł
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:1; 2:20; 3:5; 4:11 (fivefold ministry gift).
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:20; 3:5; 4:11 (New Testament foundation-laying sense, not Old Testament prophecy specifically).
Prayer Petition
Approved rendering: modlitwa i prośba
Transliteration: proseuchē, deēsis
Doctrine: Prayer and Confident Access to God
Original: προσευχή, δέησις
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:18.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: poseł
Transliteration: presbeuō
Doctrine: Mission and Ambassadorship
Rejected alternatives: ambasador (acceptable secondary variant)
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Mission
Ephesians 6:20. Follow Biblia Tysiąclecia’s ‘poseł’ over the modern secular-diplomatic loanword ‘ambasador’; apply consistently.
Manifold Wisdom
Approved rendering: wielorak / przeróżna mądrość
Transliteration: polypoikilos sophia
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: πολυποίκιλος σοφία
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 3:10.
Dimensions Of Christs Love
Approved rendering: szerokość, długość, wysokość, głębokość
Transliteration: platos, mēkos, hypsos, bathos
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: πλάτος, μῆκος, ὕψος, βάθος
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 3:18.
Bond Of Peace
Approved rendering: więź (pokoju)
Transliteration: syndesmos tēs eirēnēs
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: σύνδεσμος τῆς εἰρήνης
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:3.
Teacher
Approved rendering: nauczyciel
Transliteration: didaskalos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:11.
Obey Honor
Approved rendering: być posłusznym / czcić
Transliteration: hypakouō / timaō
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: ὑπακούω / τιμάω
Category: Household Codes
Ephesians 6:1-2. Children’s obedience to parents ‘in the Lord,’ echoing the fifth commandment; framed as an extension of the household-code section, not an isolated cultural norm.
Partiality
Approved rendering: wzgląd na osobę
Transliteration: prosōpolēmpsia
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Household Codes
Ephesians 6:9. God shows no partiality between master and slave, grounding mutual accountability of both parties before Christ.
Riches Of Grace
Approved rendering: bogactwo
Transliteration: ploutos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: πλοῦτος
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:7,18; 2:7; 3:8,16.
Kindness Of God
Approved rendering: dobroć / łaskawość
Transliteration: chrēstotēs
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
Core passage, Ephesians 2:7.
Boast
Approved rendering: chlubić się
Transliteration: kauchaomai
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
Core passage, Ephesians 2:9.
Referenced passages