Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Philippians (List do Filipian)
English → Polish Term Glossary with Translation Risk Assessment
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Philippians (chapters 1–4), with the core passage (Flp 2:1-11) given priority ordering. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Baseline Reuse and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there; no deviation is permitted. Terms new to this curriculum are marked New and are proposed here for addition to translation memory, pending theologian review where flagged.
Legend — Status: Baseline Reuse = term and rendering fixed by Romans package, reused verbatim | New = introduced by Philippians, proposed rendering below.
Legend — Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the risk definitions fixed in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Core Passage Terms (Philippians 2:1–11)
| # | English / Concept | Greek (transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Passage(s) | Key Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | encouragement/comfort | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | zachęta / pociecha | New | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | Flp 2:1 | Distinct noun-sense from baseline’s “napominać” (exhort); comfort-toned, not administrative. |
| 2 | comfort of love | παραμύθιον (paramythion) | pociecha miłości | New | Low | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:1 | NT hapax; low ambiguity. |
| 3 | fellowship of the Spirit | κοινωνία πνεύματος (koinōnia pneumatos) | wspólnota Ducha | Baseline Reuse (wspólnota) | Medium | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:1 | Ground unity in the Spirit’s own agency, not human camaraderie. |
| 4 | compassion/affection | σπλάγχνα (splanchna) | głębokie współczucie / serce | New | Low | Unity and Humility | Flp 1:8; 2:1 | Reused in ch. 1. |
| 5 | mercies | οἰκτιρμοί (oiktirmoi) | litość / miłosierdzie | New | Low | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:1 | — |
| 6 | joy | χαρά (chara) | radość | New — ADD TO TM | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | Flp 2:2; throughout (1:4,18,25; 4:1,4,10) | Must not collapse into circumstantial “szczęście”; joy persists within, not because of, suffering/imprisonment. |
| 7 | to think / mind / attitude | φρονέω (phroneō) | myśleć tak samo / mieć takie nastawienie | New — ADD TO TM | High | Unity and Humility; Incarnation (2:5 hinge) | Flp 1:7; 2:2,5; 3:15,19; 4:2,10 | Signature verb of the letter; whole-person disposition, not passing opinion; climactically applied to Christ’s own attitude (2:5). |
| 8 | united in soul | σύμψυχος (sympsychos) | zjednoczeni duszą | New | Medium | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:2 | NT hapax. |
| 9 | selfish ambition | ἐριθεία (eritheia) | egoistyczna ambicja | New | Medium | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:3 | Opposite pole to humility. |
| 10 | vainglory/empty conceit | κενοδοξία (kenodoxia) | próżna chwała / puste zarozumialstwo | New | Medium | Unity and Humility; Incarnation (structural wordplay) | Flp 2:3 | Verbal echo with κενόω/δόξα (2:7, 2:11) worth preserving in teaching notes. |
| 11 | humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη (tapeinophrosynē) | pokora | New — ADD TO TM | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | Flp 2:3 | Standard Polish term; risk is catechetical — must be grounded in Christ’s concrete act (2:6-8), commanded of every believer, not an individual ascetic virtue reserved for the pious few. |
| 12 | consider/look to | σκοπέω (skopeō) | mieć na uwadze / troszczyć się o | New | Low | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:4 | Root shared with σκοπός (3:14). |
| 13 | form of God | μορφή θεοῦ (morphē theou) | postać Boga | New — ADD TO TM | Critical | The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis); Deity of Christ | Flp 2:6 | Essential divine nature, not mere appearance; anchors the whole hymn against Arian/docetic misreading. |
| 14 | existing / being | ὑπάρχων (hyparchōn) | będąc (istniejąc) w postaci Boga | New | Critical | Incarnation/Deity of Christ | Flp 2:6 | Continuous state, retained (not surrendered) through self-emptying. |
| 15 | a thing to be grasped/exploited | ἁρπαγμός (harpagmos) | [nie uważał za] rzecz do zdobycia / do wykorzystania | New — ADD TO TM, THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED | Critical | Incarnation/Kenosis | Flp 2:6 | Disputed term; must affirm BOTH already-possessed equality with God AND voluntary non-exploitation of that status. |
| 16 | equal with God | ἴσα θεῷ (isa theō) | równość z Bogiem | New | Critical | Deity of Christ | Flp 2:6 | Unambiguous co-equal deity. |
| 17 | emptied himself (kenosis) | ἐκένωσεν (ekenōsen) | ogołocił samego siebie | New — ADD TO TM, THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED | Critical | The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) | Flp 2:7 | FORBIDDEN MISREADING: must never imply Christ ceased to be fully God; self-emptying is of privilege/glory-display, not of divine essence. Requires translator note at every occurrence. |
| 18 | form of a slave/servant | δοῦλος — μορφὴν δούλου (morphēn doulou) | postać sługi | New — ADD TO TM | Critical | Incarnation/Kenosis | Flp 2:7 (also Flp 1:1, non-Christological use) | Polish tradition softens literal “slave” to “servant/sługa”; teaching note must restore the sharper force (“niewolnik,” one with no rights over his own life). |
| 19 | likeness (of men) | ὁμοίωμα (homoiōma) | podobieństwo (ludzi) | New | High | Incarnation | Flp 2:7 | Genuine, real resemblance; guard against docetic “mere appearance” misreading. |
| 20 | outward form/appearance | σχῆμα (schēma) | z wyglądu (jako człowiek) | New | High | Incarnation | Flp 2:7-8 | Must be rendered distinctly from μορφή (essential nature) to preserve the hymn’s structuring distinction. |
| 21 | humbled himself | ἐταπείνωσεν (etapeinōsen) | uniżył samego siebie | New — ADD TO TM | Critical | Incarnation/Kenosis; Unity and Humility | Flp 2:8 | Cognate with ταπεινοφροσύνη (2:3); the verbal link between Christ’s humility and the believer’s commanded humility must remain visible. |
| 22 | obedient (unto death) | ὑπήκοος (hypēkoos) | posłuszny (aż do śmierci) | New | Medium | Incarnation | Flp 2:8 | Cross-reference to baseline “posłuszeństwo wiary” (obedience of faith) as its archetype, not identical term. |
| 23 | death of a cross | θανάτου σταυροῦ (thanatou staurou) | śmierć krzyżowa | New | High | Incarnation/Kenosis | Flp 2:8 | Doctrinally clear; catechetical risk given the cross’s high visual-cultural saturation in Polish devotional life — must be taught as terminus of self-emptying humility, not merely a devotional image. |
| 24 | highly exalted | ὑπερύψωσεν (hyperypsōsen) | wywyższył Go nad wszystko | New | High | Incarnation (exaltation phase); Lordship of Christ | Flp 2:9 | NT hapax intensive compound. |
| 25 | name above every name | τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα | imię, które jest nad wszelkie imię | New | Critical | Lordship of Christ; Deity of Christ | Flp 2:9 | Identifies Jesus with the divine Name (YHWH/Kyrios). |
| 26 | bow (every knee) | κάμψῃ (kampsē) | zgięło się (każde kolano) | New | Medium | Lordship of Christ | Flp 2:10 | Universal cosmic homage. |
| 27 | heavenly, earthly, under the earth | ἐπουρανίων, ἐπιγείων, καταχθονίων | w niebie, na ziemi i pod ziemią | New | Medium | Lordship of Christ | Flp 2:10 | Echoes Isaiah 45:23; total cosmic scope. |
| 28 | confess | ἐξομολογήσηται (exomologēsētai) | wyzna | New | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Flp 2:11 | Must align with the verb-family used for the fixed baseline rendering of Rz 10:9. |
| 29 | Lord Jesus Christ | Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | Pan Jezus Chrystus | Baseline Reuse (Pan, Jezus) + New (Chrystus) | Critical | Lordship of Christ | Flp 2:11 | Must match baseline’s fixed Rz 10:9 confession vocabulary exactly. |
| 30 | to the glory of God the Father | εἰς δόξαν θεοῦ πατρός | na chwałę Boga Ojca | Baseline Reuse (chwała, Bóg, Ojciec) | High | Deity of Christ; Trinitarian unity of purpose | Flp 2:11 | Non-competitive Trinitarian structure of the hymn’s climax. |
Chapter 1 Terms
| # | English / Concept | Greek (transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Passage(s) | Key Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | slave/servant (Paul’s self-identification) | δοῦλος (doulos) | słudzy | New (see #18) | High | Incarnation (pattern); Unity/Humility | Flp 1:1 | Ministry authority modeled on Christ’s own self-abasement. |
| 32 | overseer | ἐπίσκοπος (episkopos) | biskupi / przełożeni | New | High | Church structure/Unity | Flp 1:1 | Plural, local, first-generation office; must not be read as the later monarchical/diocesan Catholic episcopate. |
| 33 | deacon | διάκονος (diakonos) | diakoni | New | Medium-High | Church structure/Unity | Flp 1:1 | Functional serving role; distinct from the developed Catholic sacramental diaconate. |
| 34 | grace | χάρις (charis) | łaska | Baseline Reuse | High | Grace | Flp 1:2 | Per baseline. |
| 35 | peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | pokój | Baseline Reuse | Medium | Peace with God | Flp 1:2; 4:7 | Per baseline. |
| 36 | partnership in the gospel | κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον | wspólnota w [dziele] Ewangelii | Baseline Reuse (wspólnota, Ewangelia) | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | Flp 1:5; 4:14-15 | Elevated from baseline’s Low fellowship-risk because Philippians activates the concrete, active, financial-partnership sense; must not be reduced to passive belonging. |
| 37 | day of Christ | ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ | dzień Chrystusa | New | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal | Flp 1:6, 1:10; 2:16 | Eschatological goal-marker. |
| 38 | fruit of righteousness | καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης | owoc sprawiedliwości | Baseline Reuse (sprawiedliwość) | High | Righteousness by Faith | Flp 1:11 | Fruit is the result, not the cause, of imputed righteousness. |
| 39 | bonds/chains | δεσμά (desma) | więzy / kajdany | New | Medium | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | Flp 1:7,13,14,17 | Concrete, literal Roman imprisonment. |
| 40 | boldness | παρρησία (parrhēsia) | odwaga / śmiałość | New | Low | Joy in Suffering | Flp 1:20 | — |
| 41 | to live is Christ, to die is gain | τὸ γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος | życiem moim jest Chrystus, a śmierć jest zyskiem | New — THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED | Critical | Christian Identity in Christ (cf. baseline Romans doctrine) | Flp 1:21 | Clearest single-verse identity-in-Christ statement in the letter; must not be softened. |
| 42 | gain / loss | κέρδος / ζημία | zysk / strata | New | Medium | Righteousness by Faith; Identity in Christ | Flp 1:21; 3:7-8 | Commercial metaphor for ultimate value reassessment. |
| 43 | struggle/conflict | ἀγών (agōn) | zmaganie / walka | New | Low-Medium | Joy in Suffering | Flp 1:30 | Athletic/military metaphor. |
| 44 | conduct yourselves as citizens | πολιτεύεσθε (politeuesthe) | postępujcie jako godni obywatele | New | Critical | Citizenship in Heaven | Flp 1:27 | Activates the “Citizenship in Heaven” doctrine already in ch.1; must render consistently with πολίτευμα (3:20). |
| 45 | strive together | συναθλέω (synathleō) | wspólnie zmagać się | New | Medium | Unity and Humility; Partnership in the Gospel | Flp 1:27 | Joint gospel struggle. |
Chapter 2 (remainder, Flp 2:12–30) Terms
| # | English / Concept | Greek (transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Passage(s) | Key Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46 | work out your own salvation | κατεργάζεσθε τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν | wypracowujcie swoje zbawienie | New — THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED | Critical | Salvation; Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | Flp 2:12 | Must always be paired with 2:13 (God’s energizing work); outworking of salvation already given, not meritorious acquisition. Direct collision risk with baseline’s grace/works forbidden-substitution rule. |
| 47 | God who works in you | ἐνεργέω (energeō) | Bóg, który sprawia w was | New | High | Grace; Salvation | Flp 2:13 | Theological safeguard for #46; must be translated in the same unit. |
| 48 | grumbling | γογγυσμός (goggysmos) | szemranie | New | Low | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:14 | Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling. |
| 49 | disputing | διαλογισμός (dialogismos) | spór / kłótnia | New | Low | Unity and Humility | Flp 2:14 | — |
| 50 | blameless | ἄμεμπτος (amemptos) | nienaganny | New | Low-Medium | Sanctification (observable) | Flp 2:15 | Not a basis of justification; observable Christian conduct. |
| 51 | poured out as a libation | σπένδομαι (spendomai) | wylany jako ofiara z płynów | New | Medium | Joy in Suffering | Flp 2:17 | Paul’s possible martyrdom as joyful sacrificial self-giving. |
| 52 | sacrifice / service | θυσία / λειτουργία | ofiara / służba | New | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | Flp 2:17,30 | Metaphorical cultic language applied to faith/ministry; recurs at 4:18. |
Chapter 3 Terms
| # | English / Concept | Greek (transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Passage(s) | Key Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53 | circumcision | περιτομή (peritomē) | obrzezanie | New | Medium | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | Flp 3:3,5 | Covenant-identity marker relativized by Paul. |
| 54 | rubbish/dung | σκύβαλα (skybala) | śmieci | New | Low-Medium | Righteousness by Faith | Flp 3:8 | Preserve vivid rhetorical force; do not soften. |
| 55 | righteousness from the law / through faith | δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ | sprawiedliwość z Prawa / przez wiarę [w] Chrystusa | Baseline Reuse (sprawiedliwość, Prawo, wiara) | Critical | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | Flp 3:9 | Primary Philippians cross-reference to baseline’s Critical Romans doctrine; must match terminology exactly. |
| 56 | knowledge of Christ | γνῶσις Χριστοῦ (gnōsis Christou) | poznanie Chrystusa | New | High | Righteousness by Faith; Faith | Flp 3:8 | Relational knowing, not academic information — consistent with baseline πίστις treatment. |
| 57 | fellowship of his sufferings | κοινωνία [τῶν] παθημάτων αὐτοῦ | wspólnota (udział) w Jego cierpieniach | Baseline Reuse (wspólnota) + New (cierpienie pairing) — THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | Flp 3:10 | Must be distinguished from Polish Catholic redemptive-suffering/merit piety (cf. Salvifici Doloris tradition) while affirming genuine participatory union with Christ in suffering. |
| 58 | the power of his resurrection | δύναμις τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ | moc Jego zmartwychwstania | Baseline Reuse (zmartwychwstanie) | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | Flp 3:10 | Per baseline. |
| 59 | perfect / mature | τέλειος / τετελείωμαι | dojrzały (nie: “doskonały” w sensie ukończonej świętości) | New | High | Pressing on toward the Goal | Flp 3:12,15 | Guard against Polish sainthood-culture reading of “doskonałość” as achieved, completed perfection; Paul’s sense is relational maturity amid ongoing pursuit. |
| 60 | press on / strain forward | διώκω / ἐπεκτείνομαι | gonić / dążyć / wytężać się | New | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | Flp 3:12,13,14 | Grace-empowered response to having been first grasped by Christ; sequence (grace first, pursuit second) must not be reversed. |
| 61 | goal / prize | σκοπός / βραβεῖον | cel / nagroda | New | Medium | Pressing on toward the Goal | Flp 3:14 | Consummation of relationship with Christ, not a merited wage. |
| 62 | citizenship | πολίτευμα (politeuma) | obywatelstwo (jest w niebie) | New — ADD TO TM, THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED (every occurrence) | Critical | Citizenship in Heaven | Flp 3:20 (cf. 1:27) | Direct collision with the “Polak-katolik” fusion of Polish national and Catholic identity; heavenly citizenship must be taught as primary without denigrating legitimate civic life. Parallel in severity to baseline’s Critical “faith” and “Christian identity in Christ” entries. |
| 63 | Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Zbawiciel | New — ADD TO TM | Critical | Citizenship in Heaven; Salvation | Flp 3:20 | Cross-reference baseline “zbawienie.” |
| 64 | will transform / conformed | μετασχηματίσει / σύμμορφον | przekształci… podobne do | New | High | Citizenship in Heaven; Resurrection | Flp 3:21 | Applies baseline’s Critical resurrection doctrine to believers’ future bodily hope. |
Chapter 4 Terms
| # | English / Concept | Greek (transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Passage(s) | Key Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 65 | rejoice in the Lord | χαίρετε ἐν κυρίῳ | radujcie się w Panu | Baseline Reuse (Pan) + New (radość) | High | Joy in Suffering | Flp 4:4 | Per #6 (χαρά). |
| 66 | peace of God surpassing understanding | εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν | pokój Boży, który przewyższa wszelkie zrozumienie | Baseline Reuse (pokój) | Medium | Peace with God | Flp 4:7 | Per baseline; guards against merely emotional-calm reading. |
| 67 | think on these things | λογίζεσθε ταῦτα | myślcie o tym | New | Low-Medium | (Ethical exhortation, general) | Flp 4:8 | δίκαια cross-references sprawiedliwość root; ἀρετή (“cnota”) must be Christ-grounded, not autonomous humanistic virtue. |
| 68 | contentment / self-sufficiency | αὐτάρκης / αὐτάρκεια | zadowolenie / umieć być zadowolonym | New — ADD TO TM | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | Flp 4:11 | Must not collapse into Stoic self-reliance (contradicting 4:13’s Christ-dependence) nor into a generic self-help/prosperity reading. |
| 69 | him who strengthens me | ἐνδυναμοῦντι με | Ten, który mnie umacnia | New | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | Flp 4:13 | Must be translated as a single unit with “I can do all things” (πάντα ἰσχύω) to prevent free-standing self-empowerment-slogan misuse. |
| 70 | share/partnership (financial) | κοινωνέω / κοινωνία | wspólnota / dzielić się | Baseline Reuse (wspólnota) | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | Flp 4:14-15 | Concrete financial dimension must not be spiritualized away. |
| 71 | fruit (of giving) | καρπός (karpos) | owoc / pożytek | New | Low | Partnership in the Gospel | Flp 4:17 | — |
| 72 | fragrant offering, acceptable sacrifice | ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή, εὐάρεστος τῷ θεῷ | wonność miła, ofiara przyjemna [i] miła Bogu | New | Medium-High | Partnership in the Gospel | Flp 4:18 | Must be taught as figurative extension of OT sacrificial language, not implying a literal, propitiatory sacrifice alongside the Mass or competing with Christ’s own sacrifice. |
| 73 | need | χρεία (chreia) | potrzeba | New | Low | Contentment; Partnership in the Gospel | Flp 4:19 | — |
| 74 | riches in glory | πλοῦτος… ἐν δόξῃ | bogactwo w chwale | Baseline Reuse (chwała) | Medium | Providence/Contentment | Flp 4:19 | Per baseline chwała entry. |
| 75 | saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | święci | Baseline Reuse | Critical | Sainthood | Flp 4:21-22 | Same explicit all-believers clarifying note as baseline Rz 1:7 required at every occurrence. |
Cross-Cutting Term: Χριστός (“Christ”)
| # | English / Concept | Greek (transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Passage(s) | Key Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76 | Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | Chrystus | New — ADD TO TM (companion to baseline “Jezus” and “Mesjasz”) | Critical | Messianic Promise; Deity/Lordship of Christ | Throughout Philippians (over 60 occurrences) | Standard, unambiguous Polish term across Catholic and Protestant traditions; must be used consistently alongside baseline’s “Jezus” and “Mesjasz” — Philippians frequently uses “Χριστός” nearly as a proper name (e.g., “Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς”), requiring consistent word order matching baseline convention (“Jezus Chrystus” / “Chrystus Jezus” per source text order) rather than free variation. |
Risk Summary for This Curriculum (Philippians, New Terms Only)
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 14 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 16 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 20 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 15 | Automated review |
Terms requiring mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence (superset of Critical, plus flagged High-risk structural terms): μορφή θεοῦ / postać Boga; ἁρπαγμός; ἐκένωσεν / ogołocił samego siebie; δοῦλος (Christological, 2:7); ἐταπείνωσεν; τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα; ἐξομολογήσηται; Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός; τὸ γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος; κατεργάζεσθε τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν (2:12-13 unit); κοινωνία παθημάτων αὐτοῦ; πολίτευμα / obywatelstwo; σωτήρ / Zbawiciel; ἅγιοι / święci (Baseline Reuse, Critical per baseline).
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before any Phase 2 Philippians segment is translated. New terms marked “ADD TO TM” require formal addition to translation memory, with version increment, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions before Phase 2 processing begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 1:25,27; 2:17; 3:9 — personal trust in Christ as the ground of righteousness, standing in direct antithesis to law-keeping; must not collapse into inherited national-religious identity.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 3:9’s explicit antithesis ‘righteousness from the law’ vs. ‘through faith in Christ’ is Philippians’ primary cross-reference to the baseline’s Critical Romans doctrine; identical terminology and force required. Flp 1:11’s ‘owoc sprawiedliwości’ (fruit of righteousness) must be read as the result, never the cause, of this righteousness.
Justification
Approved rendering: usprawiedliwienie
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: stopniowe uświęcenie zamiast deklaracji prawnej
Inherited from Romans package. Not lexically present as a standalone term in Philippians’ text but doctrinally load-bearing background for Flp 3:9’s righteousness-by-faith argument; retain the forensic ‘declared righteous’ sense established in the baseline.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation (Received by Faith, Worked Out by Grace)
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 2:12-13’s ‘work out your own salvation’ must always be translated as a unit with 2:13’s ‘for it is God who works in you,’ with a theologian-reviewed note that this is the outworking of a salvation already received by faith, not its meritorious acquisition — a direct collision point with Polish sacramental-merit assumptions the baseline documents.
Saints
Approved rendering: święci
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Rejected alternatives: święci kanonizowani, czczeni i proszeni o wstawiennictwo
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians’ opening (1:1) and closing (4:21-22) greetings both address ‘every saint’ as a corporate designation for the whole congregation; the required all-believers clarifying note must appear at BOTH occurrences, not just one — a risk intensified in Poland by John Paul II’s record number of canonizations.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 2:11’s climactic hymn confession and 3:20’s ‘we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ’ must render exclusive, supreme lordship identically to the baseline’s fixed Rz 10:9 vocabulary.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reuse exactly across all occurrences.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard and unambiguous.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 1:19 (‘the Spirit of Jesus Christ’) and 2:1 (‘fellowship of the Spirit’) both require the Spirit’s personal agency to remain unambiguous, not collapsed into abstract human camaraderie.
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 1:2; 2:11; 4:20.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: zmartwychwstanie
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Philippians extends this doctrine in two directions: resurrection power presently at work in believers (3:10, ‘moc Jego zmartwychwstania’) and future bodily transformation of believers’ own bodies into conformity with Christ’s glorified body (3:21). Both must retain the bodily, historical, once-for-all character the baseline requires.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: poczytana sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość wlana (kategoria trydencka)
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 1:11’s ‘fruit of righteousness’ and Flp 3:9’s righteousness-through-faith both depend on this baseline Critical forbidden-substitution rule remaining in force; ‘sprawiedliwość wlana’ remains explicitly rejected.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesjasz
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Companion term to the new Philippians-specific entry ‘christ’ (Chrystus), which functions in this letter nearly as a proper name; both must be held together, not merged or freely substituted for one another.
Christ
Approved rendering: Chrystus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Mesjasz used interchangeably in place of a fixed proper-name rendering
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. Companion entry to baseline ‘Jezus’ and ‘Mesjasz.’ Philippians uses Χριστός over 60 times, frequently nearly as a proper name (e.g., Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς). Must preserve source word order (‘Jezus Chrystus’ / ‘Chrystus Jezus’) rather than free variation, since word order carries rhetorical weight, especially in the 2:11 hymn climax.
Form Of God
Approved rendering: postać Boga
Transliteration: morphē theou / hyparchōn
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: wygląd Boga (would collapse the essential-nature/outward-appearance distinction structuring the hymn), był podobny do Boga (implies mere resemblance, not full deity)
Original: μορφή θεοῦ / ὑπάρχων
Category: Christology
NEW — ADD TO TM. Flp 2:6. Christ’s pre-existent, continuously retained possession of the essential, defining nature of God — full deity, not appearance. Anchors the doctrine of the Deity of Christ against Arian or docetic misreading. The participle ὑπάρχων must not suggest Christ merely ‘used to be’ in God’s form and later ceased to be so.
Equal With God
Approved rendering: równość z Bogiem
Transliteration: isa theō
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἴσα θεῷ
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:6. Full parity of status and nature with God; unambiguous assertion of Christ’s co-equal deity, same doctrinal weight as ‘postać Boga.‘
Harpagmos
Approved rendering: rzecz do zdobycia (do wykorzystania dla siebie)
Transliteration: harpagmos
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: nie skorzystał ze sposobności (Biblia Tysiąclecia wording alone, if unglossed, risks implying deity was not yet fully possessed), nie poczytywał sobie za grabież (Biblia Warszawska wording alone, if unglossed, risks implying deity was something merely claimed rather than truly possessed)
Original: ἁρπαγμός
Category: Christology
NEW — ADD TO TM, THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED. Flp 2:6. Disputed NT hapax. Must affirm BOTH Christ’s already-possessed full equality with God AND his voluntary choice not to leverage it for self-advantage; either extreme alone creates Critical doctrinal error.
Kenosis Emptied Himself
Approved rendering: ogołocił samego siebie
Transliteration: ekenōsen
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: zrzekł się bóstwa (heretical: implies Christ renounced/discarded deity), przestał być Bogiem (heretical kenoticism), uczynił się nikim (KJV-style paraphrase ‘made himself of no reputation’; loses the verb’s reflexive theological precision)
Original: ἐκένωσεν
Category: Christology
NEW — ADD TO TM, THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED, MANDATORY TRANSLATOR NOTE AT EVERY OCCURRENCE. Flp 2:7. FORBIDDEN MISREADING: must never imply Christ ceased to be fully God. Correct content: Christ retained full deity (2:6) while voluntarily adding a genuinely human, servant nature — self-emptying of privilege and glory-display, not of divine essence. Follows Biblia Tysiąclecia precedent.
Form Of A Servant
Approved rendering: postać sługi
Transliteration: morphēn doulou
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: niewolnik (accurate literal force, but breaks continuity with established Polish Bible tradition when used in running text; reserve for teaching-note clarification only)
Original: μορφὴν δούλου
Category: Christology
NEW — ADD TO TM. Flp 2:7. Standard Polish Bible tradition (‘sługa’) softens δοῦλος’s literal force (‘niewolnik’ — one with no rights over his own life). Retain ‘sługa’ for textual continuity but require a teaching note restoring the sharper literal force. Same lexeme reused non-Christologically at Flp 1:1 (‘słudzy’).
Humbled Himself
Approved rendering: uniżył samego siebie
Transliteration: etapeinōsen
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ἐταπείνωσεν
Category: Christology
NEW — ADD TO TM. Flp 2:8. Cognate with ταπεινοφροσύνη (2:3, pokora); the verbal and conceptual link between Christ’s own humility and the humility commanded of believers must remain visible in Polish, connecting the Incarnation doctrine directly to Unity and Humility.
Name Above Every Name
Approved rendering: imię, które jest nad wszelkie imię
Transliteration: to onoma to hyper pan onoma
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:9. Identifies Jesus with the divine Name (Kyrios/YHWH); directly undergirds the Critical doctrine of the Lordship and Deity of Christ.
Confess
Approved rendering: wyzna
Transliteration: exomologēsētai
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἐξομολογήσηται
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:11. Must use the same verb-family used for the confession in the baseline’s fixed Rz 10:9 rendering (‘Jezus jest Panem’) to preserve the cross-document theological link.
Lord Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: Pan Jezus Chrystus
Transliteration: Kyrios Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW (built from baseline ‘Pan’/‘Jezus’ + new ‘Chrystus’). Flp 2:11. Must align verbatim in vocabulary with the baseline’s fixed Rz 10:9 confession, though this occurrence is doxological/declarative rather than a first-person confessional act.
To Live Is Christ
Approved rendering: życiem moim jest Chrystus, a śmierć jest zyskiem
Transliteration: to gar emoi zēn Christos kai to apothanein kerdos
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Rejected alternatives: dla mnie żyć to wypełniać obowiązki religijne (nationalist/cultural-identity softening), moje życie ma sens dzięki Chrystusowi (vague sentiment, loses the existential totality of the claim)
Original: τὸ γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος
Category: Christian Identity
NEW — THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED. Flp 1:21. The clearest single-verse statement in Philippians of identity wholly in Christ; must not be softened, and must not be read through any lens of national, cultural, or achievement-based identity.
Citizenship Conduct
Approved rendering: postępujcie jako godni obywatele
Transliteration: politeuesthe
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: zachowujcie się przyzwoicie (loses the specific civic/citizenship register required to link forward to 3:20)
Original: πολιτεύεσθε
Category: Citizenship in Heaven
NEW. Flp 1:27. Activates the Citizenship in Heaven doctrine already in chapter 1, ahead of the explicit πολίτευμα noun in 3:20; must render consistently with that later term so the two passages are recognizably linked in Polish.
Work Out Salvation
Approved rendering: wypracowujcie swoje zbawienie
Transliteration: katergazesthe tēn heautōn sōtērian
Doctrine: Salvation (Received by Faith, Worked Out by Grace)
Rejected alternatives: zapracujcie na swoje zbawienie (implies meritorious earning, forbidden), zdobądźcie zbawienie (implies acquisition not yet possessed)
Original: κατεργάζεσθε τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν
Category: Salvation
NEW — THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED. Flp 2:12. Must always be translated and taught paired with 2:13 (‘for it is God who works in you’); κατεργάζεσθε describes the outworking of a salvation already possessed by faith, energized by God, not its meritorious acquisition. Direct collision risk with baseline’s forbidden grace/works substitution rule.
Righteousness From Law Vs Faith
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość z Prawa / przez wiarę [w] Chrystusa
Transliteration: dikaiosynē ek nomou / dia pisteōs Christou
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ
Category: Salvation
Built from baseline terms (sprawiedliwość, Prawo, wiara). Flp 3:9. Philippians’ most direct autobiographical restatement of the Romans doctrine; terminology must match baseline exactly.
Power Of His Resurrection
Approved rendering: moc Jego zmartwychwstania
Transliteration: dynamis tēs anastaseōs autou
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: δύναμις τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ
Category: Resurrection
Built on baseline ‘zmartwychwstanie.’ Flp 3:10. Direct link to the baseline’s Critical Resurrection of Christ doctrine, applied to present Christian experience.
Citizenship
Approved rendering: obywatelstwo (jest w niebie)
Transliteration: politeuma
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: przynależność (softens the civic force needed to relativize national identity), dwuobywatelstwo równoważne (implies equal, dual citizenship rather than primary heavenly citizenship)
Original: πολίτευμα
Category: Citizenship in Heaven
NEW — ADD TO TM, THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED EVERY OCCURRENCE. Flp 3:20. Directly collides with the ‘Polak-katolik’ fusion of Polish national and Catholic identity; heavenly citizenship must be taught as primary without denigrating legitimate civic life.
Savior
Approved rendering: Zbawiciel
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW — ADD TO TM. Flp 3:20. Titular use, awaited from heaven; cross-references baseline’s Critical ‘zbawienie’ and reinforces Citizenship in Heaven with a future, personal hope.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Philippians the term is activated in its concrete partnership sense (Flp 1:5 ‘wspólnota w Ewangelii,’ 1:7, 1:12, 1:27, 4:15) — the gospel is something jointly defended, advanced, and materially supported, not merely believed privately.
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Frames both the salutation (Flp 1:2) and benediction (4:23); notably even Christ’s exaltation-name (2:9, ἐχαρίσατο) is described with grace-vocabulary — the whole hymn, humiliation and exaltation, is an act of the Father’s unmerited will, not a merit transaction between Father and obedient Son.
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated by structural significance in Philippians 2: the deliberate verbal echo between κενοδοξία (‘empty glory,’ 2:3, human vice) and δόξα (‘glory,’ 2:11, Christ’s true given glory) resolves the hymn’s argument. Preserve this echo in teaching notes even though the individual lexical items are low-ambiguity.
Law
Approved rendering: Prawo
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 3:5-9 is Paul’s autobiographical restatement of the Romans righteousness-by-faith-versus-law argument, grounded in his own impeccable Pharisaic law-keeping (3:5-6), now counted as loss.
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 3:14’s ‘upward call of God in Christ Jesus’ is the eschatological goal of the race Paul runs; must be distinguished from the culturally dominant Polish sense of ‘powołanie’ as a call to priesthood or religious life — pair with explicit context at every occurrence, per baseline rule.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: uświęcenie
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification (Observable Blameless Conduct)
Rejected alternatives: oczyszczenie pokutne, w tym poprzez czyściec
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 2:14-16’s blameless, grumbling-free conduct and 4:8-9’s virtue catalogue are the observable fruit of this ongoing Spirit-worked process, not a meritorious basis for justification.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: wcielenie
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Inherited from Romans package as the doctrine-name anchor; Philippians 2:6-8 is the fullest NT elaboration of this doctrine, adding kenosis (self-emptying) vocabulary not present in Romans. Catechetical risk of narrowing to the Christmas nativity scene (szopka) persists; this curriculum must foreground the hymn’s full pre-existence-to-exaltation arc.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: posłuszeństwo wiary
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: posłuszeństwo nakazom kościelnym i praktykom religijnym
Inherited from Romans package as a cross-reference term. Flp 2:8’s ὑπήκοος (Christ’s own obedience unto death) is the archetype from which the believer’s baseline ‘posłuszeństwo wiary’ flows; the two are related but not identical — do not conflate the noun phrase with Christ’s own filial obedience.
Joy
Approved rendering: radość
Transliteration: chara
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: szczęście (circumstantial happiness)
Original: χαρά
Category: Faith
NEW — dominant emotional register of the letter (1:4,18,25; 2:2; 4:1,4,10). ‘Radość’ risks collapsing into ‘szczęście’; Philippians’ joy persists specifically WITHIN imprisonment and suffering (1:12-18; 4:11-13) and must be taught as grounded in Christ, not circumstances.
Same Mind
Approved rendering: myśleć tak samo
Transliteration: phroneō
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: mieć taką samą opinię (reduces to passing opinion rather than settled disposition)
Original: φρονέω
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW — signature verb of Philippians (1:7; 2:2,5; 3:15,19; 4:2,10), climactically applied to Christ’s own attitude in 2:5, the hinge verse connecting ethical command to theological hymn. Must convey a settled disposition of the whole person, not a fleeting opinion.
Humility
Approved rendering: pokora
Transliteration: tapeinophrosynē
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: pokora jako indywidualna cnota ascetyczna zarezerwowana dla szczególnie pobożnych
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 2:3. Lexically unambiguous, but Polish devotional culture strongly associates ‘pokora’ with individual ascetic virtue or specific canonized exemplars rather than an ordinary command exercised horizontally toward one another; must be grounded every time in Christ’s concrete historical action (2:6-8), commanded of every believer.
Likeness Of Men
Approved rendering: podobieństwo ludzi
Transliteration: homoiōma
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: wyglądał jak człowiek (docetic-leaning; implies mere appearance rather than genuine becoming)
Original: ὁμοίωμα
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:7. Genuine resemblance/correspondence — becoming, not merely appearing, human; guard against docetic misreading.
Outward Appearance
Approved rendering: z wyglądu (jako człowiek)
Transliteration: schēma
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: postać (would collapse the distinction from μορφή θεοῦ in 2:6, undermining the hymn’s essential-nature/outward-form structure)
Original: σχῆμα
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:7-8. Must be rendered distinctly from ‘postać Boga’ (2:6); if the same Polish word is used for both, the hymn’s careful distinction between essential nature and outward form collapses.
Death Of The Cross
Approved rendering: śmierć krzyżowa
Transliteration: thanatou staurou
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: θανάτου σταυροῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:8. Doctrinally unambiguous, but given the cross’s extremely high visual-cultural saturation in Polish Catholic devotional life, must be explicitly taught as the terminus of voluntary self-emptying humility (matching the δοῦλος imagery of 2:7), not primarily as a devotional or decorative image.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: wywyższył Go nad wszystko
Transliteration: hyperypsōsen
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ὑπερύψωσεν
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:9. NT hapax intensive compound marking the hymn’s turn from humiliation to glorification; also relevant to Lordship of Christ.
Glory Of God The Father
Approved rendering: na chwałę Boga Ojca
Transliteration: eis doxan theou patros
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: εἰς δόξαν θεοῦ πατρός
Category: God
Inherited term components (chwała, Bóg, Ojciec) combined as a new phrase. Flp 2:11. Guards the hymn’s non-competitive Trinitarian structure — Christ’s exaltation serves, never rivals, the Father’s glory.
Servant Pauls Self Designation
Approved rendering: słudzy
Transliteration: douloi
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
NEW. Flp 1:1. Paul and Timothy’s self-identification models the same self-abasement Christ displays in 2:7 — ministry authority grounded in slave-status, not privilege. Must be distinguished in teaching material from the Christological ‘postać sługi’ of 2:7 (this occurrence is milder, ministerial usage).
Overseer
Approved rendering: biskupi / przełożeni
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Offices
Rejected alternatives: biskupi (used alone, without clarifying note, retrojects the fully developed diocesan Catholic episcopate onto a first-generation local office)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW. Flp 1:1. Plural, congregation-level overseers at Philippi, not a monarchical single bishop. In Polish Catholic culture ‘biskup’ carries the full institutional weight of the modern episcopal office; must not be read back into that later structure — use with explanatory teaching note or prefer ‘przełożeni/nadzorcy zboru.‘
Deacon
Approved rendering: diakoni
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Offices
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
NEW. Flp 1:1. Functional serving role in the first-generation congregation; distinct from the fully developed Catholic sacramental diaconate (ordained, liturgical office).
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: owoc sprawiedliwości
Transliteration: karpos dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation
NEW phrase built on baseline ‘sprawiedliwość.’ Flp 1:11. Fruit must be read as the result, never the cause, of imputed righteousness received by faith.
God Who Works In You
Approved rendering: Bóg, który sprawia w was
Transliteration: energeō
Doctrine: Salvation (Received by Faith, Worked Out by Grace)
Original: ἐνεργέω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Flp 2:13. Theological safeguard for 2:12; must be translated in the same sentence/unit to prevent doctrinal separation of the two clauses.
Knowledge Of Christ
Approved rendering: poznanie Chrystusa
Transliteration: gnōsis Christou
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: wiedza o Chrystusie (reduces to academic information rather than relational, experiential knowing)
Original: γνῶσις Χριστοῦ
Category: Faith
NEW. Flp 3:8. The surpassing value relativizing all worldly and religious credentials; must convey relational knowing, consistent with the baseline’s treatment of πίστις as personal trust.
Fellowship Of His Sufferings
Approved rendering: wspólnota (udział) w Jego cierpieniach
Transliteration: koinōnia [tōn] pathēmatōn autou
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: ofiarowanie swoich cierpień za innych (frames as merit-accumulating/purgatorial ‘offering up,’ foreign to Paul’s relational sense)
Original: κοινωνία [τῶν] παθημάτων αὐτοῦ
Category: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
NEW (wspólnota inherited) — THEOLOGIAN REVIEW REQUIRED. Flp 3:10. Must affirm genuine participatory union with Christ while distinguishing this from Polish Catholic redemptive-suffering/merit piety (cf. Salvifici Doloris tradition).
Mature Perfect
Approved rendering: dojrzały
Transliteration: teleios / teteleiōmai
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: doskonały (in the sense of completed, achieved sainthood; risks Polish sainthood-culture misreading)
Original: τέλειος / τετελείωμαι
Category: Pressing on toward the Goal
NEW. Flp 3:12,15. Paul denies having ‘already been perfected’ (3:12) yet calls mature believers ‘perfect/mature’ (3:15) — relational maturity/wholehearted orientation, not a completed state of sinless perfection. Avoid ‘doskonały’ in this sense.
Transform Conformed
Approved rendering: przekształci… podobne do
Transliteration: metaschēmatisei / symmorphon
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Original: μετασχηματίσει / σύμμορφον
Category: Resurrection
NEW. Flp 3:21. Future bodily transformation of believers into conformity with Christ’s glorified body; applies the baseline’s Critical bodily resurrection doctrine to believers’ future hope.
Rejoice In The Lord
Approved rendering: radujcie się w Panu
Transliteration: chairete en kyriō
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: χαίρετε ἐν κυρίῳ
Category: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Built on baseline ‘Pan’ + new ‘radość.’ Flp 4:4 (also 3:1). Joy located specifically ‘in the Lord,’ not in circumstances; must match the 3:1 refrain exactly.
Contentment
Approved rendering: zadowolenie
Transliteration: autarkēs / autarkeia
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: samodostateczność (too literal a rendering of the Stoic technical sense, invites reversion to autonomous self-reliance)
Original: αὐτάρκης / αὐτάρκεια
Category: Contentment in All Circumstances
NEW — ADD TO TM. Flp 4:11. Originally a Stoic ideal of self-generated inner independence from circumstance; Paul redefines it in 4:13 as dependence on Christ’s strength. Two risks: reversion to Stoic self-reliance, and absorption into contemporary Polish motivational/self-help culture.
Him Who Strengthens Me
Approved rendering: Ten, który mnie umacnia
Transliteration: endynamounti me
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: ἐνδυναμοῦντι με
Category: Contentment in All Circumstances
NEW. Flp 4:13. Must always be translated and taught as a single unit with ‘I can do all things’ (πάντα ἰσχύω); isolated, this risks becoming a free-standing self-empowerment slogan, a documented misuse pattern in Poland’s motivational culture.
Fragrant Offering
Approved rendering: wonność miła, ofiara przyjemna [i] miła Bogu
Transliteration: osmē euōdias, thysia dektē, euarestos tō theō
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, θυσία δεκτή, εὐάρεστος τῷ θεῷ
Category: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW. Flp 4:18. Temple/cultic vocabulary applied metaphorically to the Philippians’ financial gift; given the centrality of the sacrifice of the Mass in Polish Catholic life, must be taught explicitly as figurative extension, not a literal, propitiatory sacrifice.
Medium Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: wspólnota
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: świętych obcowanie (specific creedal formula)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package with risk elevated from baseline’s Low tier. Philippians activates κοινωνία far more concretely and actively (1:5 gospel partnership; 2:1 fellowship of the Spirit; 3:10 fellowship of his sufferings; 4:14-15 financial partnership) than Romans’ general fellowship sense; each occurrence’s specific active dimension must not be flattened into passive belonging.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokój
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 4:7’s ‘peace of God which surpasses all understanding’ must not be reduced to psychological calm achievable by one’s own effort or technique; it is a divine gift guarding heart and mind.
Encouragement Comfort
Approved rendering: zachęta
Transliteration: paraklēsis
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: napominanie (administrative exhortation sense of the cognate verb)
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Faith
NEW. Flp 2:1. The comfort/encouragement that exists because of union with Christ, grounding Paul’s appeal for unity; must not be flattened into baseline’s administrative ‘napominać.‘
Fellowship Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: wspólnota Ducha
Transliteration: koinōnia pneumatos
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κοινωνία πνεύματος
Category: Church
NEW. Flp 2:1. Must ground unity in the Holy Spirit’s own agency, not reduce to human camaraderie divorced from the Spirit.
United In Soul
Approved rendering: zjednoczeni duszą
Transliteration: sympsychos
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: σύμψυχος
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 2:2. NT hapax; intensifies unity beyond cooperation to inward, soul-deep oneness.
Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: egoistyczna ambicja
Transliteration: eritheia
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: ambicja (bare noun loses negative moral charge; often positively valenced in Polish)
Original: ἐριθεία
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 2:3. Factional self-interest, rivalry, party-spirit — the corrosive disposition unity must guard against; opposite pole to pokora.
Vainglory
Approved rendering: próżna chwała
Transliteration: kenodoxia
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: κενοδοξία
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 2:3. NT hapax with a deliberate verbal echo of κενόω (‘emptied,’ 2:7) and δόξα (‘glory,’ 2:11): Christ’s genuine self-emptying directly contradicts the human pattern of seeking empty self-glory. Preserve this structural echo in teaching notes.
Obedient Unto Death
Approved rendering: posłuszny (aż do śmierci)
Transliteration: hypēkoos
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Original: ὑπήκοος
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:8. Christ’s total, willing obedience to the Father’s redemptive will; the archetype from which the believer’s baseline ‘posłuszeństwo wiary’ flows — not identical to that term.
Every Knee Bow
Approved rendering: zgięło się (każde kolano)
Transliteration: kampsē
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κάμψῃ
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:10. Universal, cosmic homage to Christ’s exalted lordship.
Heavenly Earthly Under Earth
Approved rendering: w niebie, na ziemi i pod ziemią
Transliteration: epouraniōn, epigeiōn, katachthoniōn
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἐπουρανίων, ἐπιγείων, καταχθονίων
Category: Christology
NEW. Flp 2:10. Echoes Isaiah 45:23; total cosmic scope of submission to Christ, including hostile spiritual powers.
Gospel Partnership
Approved rendering: wspólnota w [dziele] Ewangelii
Transliteration: koinōnia eis to euangelion
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW (built from baseline ‘wspólnota’ + ‘Ewangelia’). Flp 1:5; recurs 4:14-15. Active, material and spiritual joint participation in gospel mission, including financial support — not passive fellowship-feeling.
Day Of Christ
Approved rendering: dzień Chrystusa
Transliteration: hēmera Christou
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: ἡμέρα Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Flp 1:6,10; 2:16. Eschatological day of Christ’s return/judgment, the goal toward which sanctification and gospel partnership move; must be rendered consistently at every occurrence.
Bonds Chains
Approved rendering: więzy / kajdany
Transliteration: desma
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: próby (generic ‘trials,’ metaphorizes away the literal historical imprisonment)
Original: δεσμά
Category: Suffering
NEW. Flp 1:7,13,14,17. Literal Roman imprisonment; foundational to Joy in Suffering — must remain concrete and historical, never metaphorized into generic hardship.
Gain Loss
Approved rendering: zysk / strata
Transliteration: kerdos / zēmia
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: κέρδος / ζημία
Category: Righteousness by Faith
NEW. Flp 1:21; 3:7-8. Commercial metaphor for ultimate value; Paul’s radical reevaluation of all things in light of Christ.
Struggle Conflict
Approved rendering: zmaganie / walka
Transliteration: agōn
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: ἀγών
Category: Suffering
NEW. Flp 1:30. Athletic/military metaphor for suffering endured for the gospel, as shared struggle in gospel partnership.
Strive Together
Approved rendering: wspólnie zmagać się
Transliteration: synathleō
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: συναθλέω
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 1:27. Joint athletic/military struggle for gospel faith; joins Unity and Humility with Partnership in the Gospel.
Blameless
Approved rendering: nienaganny
Transliteration: amemptos
Doctrine: Sanctification (Observable Blameless Conduct)
Original: ἄμεμπτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Flp 2:15. Outward conduct free of legitimate accusation; must not be taught as a basis of justification, but as observable fruit of sanctification.
Poured Out As Libation
Approved rendering: wylany jako ofiara z płynów
Transliteration: spendomai
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Suffering
NEW. Flp 2:17. Paul portrays his possible martyrdom as a joyful sacrificial drink-offering; must not be read through the specific frame of the Mass’s sacrificial theology, but as personal, once-for-life self-giving.
Sacrifice Service
Approved rendering: ofiara / służba
Transliteration: thysia / leitourgia
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: θυσία / λειτουργία
Category: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW. Flp 2:17,30; recurs 4:18. Cultic sacrifice and priestly service applied metaphorically to faith and ministry; must be taught as figurative, not competing with Christ’s own once-for-all sacrifice.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: obrzezanie
Transliteration: peritomē
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
NEW. Flp 3:3,5. Covenant-identity marker Paul relativizes; the true covenant marker is Spirit-worked faith, not the physical rite.
Rubbish Dung
Approved rendering: śmieci
Transliteration: skybala
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: strata (too mild; loses the deliberate vividness/repulsiveness of the original)
Original: σκύβαλα
Category: Righteousness by Faith
NEW, follows Biblia Tysiąclecia precedent. Flp 3:8. Paul’s impeccable religious credentials are worthless — even repulsive — compared to knowing Christ. Rhetorical vividness must be preserved, not softened.
Press On
Approved rendering: gonić / dążyć
Transliteration: diōkō / epekteinomai
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Original: διώκω / ἐπεκτείνομαι
Category: Pressing on toward the Goal
NEW. Flp 3:12,13,14. Athletic race metaphor; must be taught as response to grace already received (Christ ‘took hold of’ Paul first), not autonomous self-effort — sequence must never be reversed.
Goal Prize
Approved rendering: cel / nagroda
Transliteration: skopos / brabeion
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: zapłata (wage/payment; implies a merited transaction rather than relational consummation)
Original: σκοπός / βραβεῖον
Category: Pressing on toward the Goal
NEW. Flp 3:14. Athletic race-course imagery; the prize must not be taught as a merited wage but as the consummation of the relationship with Christ already begun by grace.
Peace Of God Surpassing
Approved rendering: pokój Boży, który przewyższa wszelkie zrozumienie
Transliteration: eirēnē tou theou hē hyperechousa panta noun
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν
Category: Salvation
Built on baseline ‘pokój.’ Flp 4:7. Peace exceeding human rational comprehension, guarding heart and mind; distinct from merely psychological calm.
Think On These Things
Approved rendering: myślcie o tym
Transliteration: logizesthe tauta
Doctrine: Sanctification (Observable Blameless Conduct)
Original: λογίζεσθε ταῦτα
Category: Ethics
NEW. Flp 4:8. Deliberate, continual meditation on a virtue catalogue; δίκαια cross-references the sprawiedliwość root; ἀρετή (‘cnota’) must be taught as Christ-formed virtue, not autonomous humanistic/Stoic virtue.
Riches In Glory
Approved rendering: bogactwo w chwale
Transliteration: ploutos… en doxē
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: πλοῦτος… ἐν δόξῃ
Category: God
Built on baseline ‘chwała.’ Flp 4:19. God’s abundant supply, measured by his own glorious resources, not human economic calculation.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: dziękczynienie
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Prayer and Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Flp 4:6 pairs thanksgiving with petition as the antidote to anxiety.
Exhort
Approved rendering: napominać
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Inherited from Romans package for cross-reference only. Philippians 2:1’s noun παράκλησις (‘zachęta/pociecha’) is a distinct, warmer-toned entry and must NOT be rendered with this verb’s administrative-exhortation sense.
Comfort Of Love
Approved rendering: pociecha miłości
Transliteration: paramythion
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: παραμύθιον
Category: Faith
NEW. Flp 2:1. NT hapax legomenon; tender consolation produced by love.
Affection Compassion
Approved rendering: głębokie współczucie
Transliteration: splanchna
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Faith
NEW. Flp 1:8; 2:1. Visceral, felt compassion — the ancient seat of emotion; models Christ’s own compassion.
Mercies
Approved rendering: litość
Transliteration: oiktirmoi
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: οἰκτιρμοί
Category: Faith
NEW. Flp 2:1. Paired with σπλάγχνα to intensify the appeal to compassionate unity.
Consider Others Interests
Approved rendering: mieć na uwadze
Transliteration: skopeō
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Original: σκοπέω
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 2:4. Root shared with σκοπός (‘goal,’ 3:14); practical outworking of humility — attentive, watchful concern for others.
Boldness
Approved rendering: odwaga / śmiałość
Transliteration: parrhēsia
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Original: παρρησία
Category: Suffering
NEW. Flp 1:20. Fearless, confident, open proclamation, hoped for in the face of possible execution.
Grumbling
Approved rendering: szemranie
Transliteration: goggysmos
Doctrine: Sanctification (Observable Blameless Conduct)
Original: γογγυσμός
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 2:14. Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling; opposite of commended unity/joy.
Disputing
Approved rendering: spór
Transliteration: dialogismos
Doctrine: Sanctification (Observable Blameless Conduct)
Original: διαλογισμός
Category: Unity and Humility
NEW. Flp 2:14. Contentious reasoning/dispute, paired with grumbling as a threat to unity.
Fruit Of Giving
Approved rendering: owoc / pożytek
Transliteration: karpos
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Original: καρπός
Category: Partnership in the Gospel
NEW. Flp 4:17. The spiritual ‘profit’ accruing to the Philippians’ account from their giving; relational-covenantal accounting language, not merit toward salvation.
Need
Approved rendering: potrzeba
Transliteration: chreia
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Original: χρεία
Category: Contentment in All Circumstances
NEW. Flp 4:19. Material or other genuine need; God’s promised provision matching the Philippians’ own generosity.