Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Timothy (English → Polish)
Legend
- Status: Reused — term/rendering already fixed in the Romans baseline
translation_memory.json; used here exactly as recorded, no deviation permitted. - Status: New — term not present in the Romans baseline; Polish rendering proposed here for the first time, following the same risk-tier and cultural-collision analysis conventions as the baseline.
- Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly: Critical / High / Medium / Low (see baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.jsonfor full definitions; Critical/High require human theologian review, Medium requires native-speaker review, Low requires automated review only).
A. Reused Terms (Romans Baseline — Exact Rendering Required)
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | 2 Timothy Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός (theos) | Bóg | Critical | Deity of Christ / God | 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:8,2:15,2:19,2:25,4:1 (+more) | Standard, unambiguous; reused exactly |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | Pan | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:2,1:8,1:16,1:18,2:7,2:14,2:19,2:22,2:24,4:1,4:8,4:14,4:17,4:18,4:22 | Exclusive, supreme lordship preserved throughout |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | Jezus | Critical | Lordship/Sonship of Christ | throughout (as “Christ Jesus”) | Established form; no variant risk |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | Chrystus | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | Established form per requirements doc proper-name table |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον (Pneuma Hagion) | Duch Święty | Critical | Sanctification | 1:14 | Standard, unambiguous |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | Ojciec | Critical | Adoption into God’s Family | 1:2 | Reused in greeting formula |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | apostoł | Low | Apostleship | 1:1, 1:11 | Unambiguous across Polish Christian traditions |
| calling / holy calling | κλῆσις ἁγία (klēsis hagia) | powołanie (+ święte) | Critical | Divine Calling | 1:9 | MUST be paired with explicit universal-believer context; never default to priesthood/religious-life sense |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | łaska | High | Grace | 1:2, 1:9, 2:1 | Unmerited favor; guard against merit-cooperation reading |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | pokój | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2 | Relational/covenantal peace, not mere calm |
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | wiara | Critical | Faith | 1:5,1:13,2:18,2:22,3:8,3:10,3:15,4:7 | Nuance addition for 2 Timothy: in several occurrences (2:18 “overturn the faith of some”; 3:8 “disqualified concerning the faith”; 4:7 “kept the faith”) πίστις functions as the body of apostolic belief (“the faith,” fides quae) rather than only personal trust (fides qua). Both senses must be distinguishable in translator notes; neither may collapse into inherited national-cultural identity |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | sprawiedliwość | Critical | Salvation / Assurance of Reward | 2:22, 3:16, 4:8 | Right standing/conduct before God through faith, never merit-earned |
| salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | zbawienie | Critical | Salvation | 2:10, 3:15 | Not automatic through sacramental participation or national-religious belonging |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | zmartwychwstanie | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 2:8, 2:18 | 2:18 usage is a corrective context (false teaching); flag accordingly |
| seed of David | σπέρμα Δαυίδ (sperma Dauid) | potomek Dawida | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 2:8 | Exact baseline phrase match |
| David | Δαυίδ (Dauid) | Dawid | Low | Davidic Covenant | 2:8 | Standard proper name |
| elect / election | ἐκλεκτοί (eklektoi) | wybrani | High | Effectual Calling | 2:10 | Avoid fatalistic “los/przeznaczenie” framing |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) | chwała | Medium | Deity of Christ | 2:10, 4:18 | Standard usage |
| gentiles | ἔθνη (ethnē) | poganie | Medium | Mission to the Nations | 4:17 | Standard rendering; watch negative-charge overstatement |
| kingdom (of God/heaven) | βασιλεία (basileia) | królestwo | Medium | Kingdom Mission | 4:1, 4:18 | 4:18 “heavenly kingdom” is distinct phrasing; not political/earthly |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ (dynamis theou) | moc Boża | Medium | Power of God for Salvation | 1:7, 1:8 | Standard, unambiguous |
| exhort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | napominać | Low | Mutual Edification | 4:2 | Balances sharper corrective verbs with encouragement |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστῶ (eucharistō) | dziękczynienie | Low | Thanksgiving | 1:3 | Standard term |
| sanctification / sanctified | ἁγιάζω / ἡγιασμένος (hagiazō / hēgiasmenos) | uświęcenie / poświęcony | High | Sanctification | 2:21 | Applied concretely to the “vessel for honor” image |
| imputed-righteousness word family | λογίζομαι (logizomai) | poczytać / przypisać | Medium | Justification by Faith (cross-reference) | 4:16 | Same verb as poczytana sprawiedliwość; here applied to Paul forgiving his abandoners, not to justification itself — note the distinct theological subject |
B. New Terms — 2 Timothy (Proposed Renderings for Phase 2 Approval)
B1. Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / Collision Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God-breathed / inspired | θεόπνευστος (theopneustos) | natchnione przez Boga | High | 3:16 | Compound found nowhere else in the NT; direct divine origin of Scripture. Must not be softened to “inspiring” (subjective) or absorbed into a Scripture-plus-Tradition co-authority framework |
| Scripture / writing | γραφή (graphē) | Pismo | High | 3:16 | Paired with theopneustos; the whole-canon scope (“all Scripture”) must be preserved |
| sacred writings | ἱερὰ γράμματα (hiera grammata) | święte Pisma | Medium | 3:15 | Distinct phrase from γραφή; OT writings known from childhood |
| complete / fully equipped (sufficiency) | ἄρτιος / ἐξηρτισμένος (artios / exērtismenos) | w pełni przygotowany / wyposażony | Critical | 3:17 | The sufficiency claim itself — direct intersection with Dei Verbum’s Scripture-and-Tradition “one sacred deposit” framework; must preserve claim of completeness without additional necessary supplementation |
| man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος (ho tou theou anthrōpos) | człowiek Boży | Medium | 3:17 | OT idiom, not a special sacred-elite title |
B2. Guarding Sound Doctrine
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / Collision Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deposit (entrusted treasure) | παραθήκη (parathēkē) | depozyt | Critical | 1:12, 1:14 | Collides directly with the Catholic catechetical term “depozyt wiary” (deposit of faith), custodied institutionally by the Magisterium (Dei Verbum, Catechism). 2 Timothy’s usage is personal — a chain of faithful people — not primarily institutional-hierarchical guarantee. Mandatory clarifying note required at every occurrence |
| entrust (verb) | παρατίθημι (paratithēmi) | powierzyć | High | 2:2 | Verb-form of parathēkē; governs the person-to-person transmission chain |
| guard / keep | φυλάσσω / τηρέω (phylassō / tēreō) | strzec / zachować | High | 1:12, 1:14, 4:7 | Active, vigilant guarding of doctrine, not passive possession |
| sound doctrine/teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousa didaskalia) | zdrowa nauka | High | 1:13, 4:3 | Must not collapse into “nauka Kościoła” as sole institutional referent; criterion is conformity to the apostolic gospel, not institutional source alone |
| rightly handle (the word of truth) | ὀρθοτομέω (orthotomeō) | właściwie wykładać | Medium | 2:15 | Careful handling metaphor (cutting a straight path/cloth); not an exclusive interpretive prerogative of one office |
| profane, empty babbling | βέβηλος κενοφωνία (bebēlos kenophōnia) | bezbożna, pusta mowa | Low | 2:16 | Contrasted with sound doctrine |
| gangrene (spreading corruption) | γάγγραινα (gaggraina) | gangrena | Low | 2:17 | Vivid medical metaphor for uncorrected false teaching |
| depart from unrighteousness | ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) | odstąpić | High | 2:19 | Root behind later Christian “apostasy” vocabulary; here a positive command |
| fight about words | λογομαχέω (logomacheō) | spierać się o słowa | Low | 2:14 | Guards the manner, not only content, of doctrinal discussion |
B3. Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / Collision Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faithful men able to teach others | πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι… ἑτέρους διδάξαι (pistoi anthrōpoi… heterous didaxai) | wierni ludzie… zdolni nauczać innych | High | 2:2 | Key transmission-chain verse; criterion is faithfulness + teaching capacity, not institutional lineage alone |
| gift (personal ministry-gift) | χάρισμα (charisma) | dar (łaski) | Medium-High | 1:6 | Distinct from the general plural “dary duchowe” (Romans baseline); Timothy’s individual ordination-gift |
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν (epithesis tōn cheirōn) | nałożenie rąk | High | 1:6 | Intersects with Catholic sacramental Holy Orders/apostolic succession theology; must not be read as validating institutional succession as the exclusive transmission guarantee, given the letter’s emphasis on faithful persons (2:2) |
| pattern of sound words | ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων (hypotypōsis hygiainontōn logōn) | wzór zdrowych słów | Medium | 1:13 | Template/standard for teaching content |
| unfeigned/sincere faith | ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις (anypokritos pistis) | szczera / nieobłudna wiara | Critical (modifies reused term) | 1:5 | Guards wiara against performative/cultural-conformity readings |
| faithful (adjective) | πιστός (pistos) | wierny | Medium | throughout | Word-family of πίστις; consistency required across “faithful sayings,” “faithful men,” etc. |
B4. The Charge to Preach the Word
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / Collision Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| preach / proclaim (herald) | κηρύσσω (kēryssō) | głosić | High | 4:2 | Polish canon law restricts formal liturgical preaching (kazanie/homilia) to ordained clergy; risk of narrowing this charge’s scope versus the NT’s broader proclamation/witness emphasis |
| solemnly charge / testify | διαμαρτύρομαι (diamartyromai) | zaklinam się / uroczyście nakazuję | Medium | 4:1 | ”Zaklinać” has secondary lexical association with incantation/spell-casting in Polish; established Bible usage mitigates but should be noted |
| evangelist (ministry office) | εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistēs) | ewangelista | Critical | 4:5 | Collides with the near-universal Polish Catholic referent “Ewangelista” = one of the four Gospel-writers (Mateusz, Marek, Łukasz, Jan), depicted throughout church art/liturgy. Mandatory clarifying footnote required at every occurrence, paralleling the Romans baseline’s caution on “gospel” vs. “the four Gospel books” |
| proclamation / message preached | κήρυγμα (kērygma) | zwiastowanie / przesłanie | Medium | 4:17 | Word-family of kēryssō |
| reprove / rebuke / exhort (triad) | ἐλέγχω / ἐπιτιμάω / παρακαλέω (elegchō / epitimaō / parakaleō) | wykazywać błąd / strofować / napominać | Medium | 4:2 | Three distinct corrective registers must not be flattened into one generic verb |
| patience (in correction) | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | wielka cierpliwość | Low | 4:2 | Manner qualifier for all corrective ministry |
| fulfill (ministry) completely | πληροφορέω (plērophoreō) | wypełnić do końca | Medium | 4:5, 4:17 | Ministry must be carried to full completion, ties to Assurance of Reward |
B5. Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / Collision Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| last days | ἔσχατος (eschatos, “last days”) | dni ostatnie | High | 3:1 | Must teach as the whole inaugurated church age, not a narrowly future crisis-period; avoid feeding “koniec świata” sensationalism |
| deceive / lead astray | πλανάω (planaō) | zwodzić | High | 3:13 | Key verb for the doctrine; deception is mutual (deceiving and being deceived) |
| form of godliness, denying its power | μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας… ἀρνέομαι (morphōsis eusebeias… arneomai) | pozór (forma) pobożności… zapierając się jej mocy | High | 3:5 | εὐσέβεια (“godliness/piety”) is at high risk of being satisfied by external religious/cultural-national form in a “Polak-katolik” context, exactly the nominal-religiosity risk the Romans baseline flags for wiara |
| deny (Christ / the faith) | ἀρνέομαι (arneomai) | zapierać się | High | 2:12, 3:5 | Real consequence, not merely rhetorical warning |
| corrupted in mind, disqualified re: the faith | κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν, ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν (katephtharmenoi ton noun, adokimoi peri tēn pistin) | skażeni na umyśle, odrzuceni w wierze | High | 3:8 | Direct antonym of δόκιμος (2:15) |
| impostor / charlatan | γόης (goēs) | szalbierz / oszust | Low | 3:13 | Standard rendering |
| myths / fables | μῦθος (mythos) | baśnie / mity | Low | 4:4 | Contrasted with God-breathed Scripture |
| itching ears (idiom) | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν (knēthomenoi tēn akoēn) | uszy, które chce się drapać / szukające tego, co łechta uszy | Medium | 4:3 | Idiom requires dynamic-equivalence care; doctrinal content (self-selected teachers) must survive idiomatic smoothing |
| turn away (from truth) | ἀποστρέφω / ἐκτρέπω (apostrephō / ektrepō) | odwrócić się / zboczyć | Medium | 1:15, 4:4 | Recurring “turning away” pattern across the letter |
| repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | nawrócenie | Critical | 2:25 | Standard Catholic-tradition rendering “pokuta” carries strong sacramental-confession (spowiedź) associations absent from this verse’s sense of God-granted inward change; “pokuta” explicitly rejected as substitute |
| knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (epignōsis alētheias) | poznanie prawdy | Medium | 2:25, 3:7 | Full/precise knowledge, the goal false teaching perpetually fails to reach |
| oppose (the truth) | ἀνθίστημι (anthistēmi) | przeciwstawiać się | Medium | 3:8 | Active personal opposition, historical pattern (Jannes/Jambres typology) |
B6. Perseverance under Suffering
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / Collision Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω (hypomonē / hypomenō) | wytrwałość | High | 2:10, 2:12, 3:10 | Key term; must not collapse into fatalistic resignation — active, hope-grounded endurance |
| suffer hardship | κακοπαθέω (kakopatheō) | znosić trudy / cierpieć | High | 1:8 (συγκακοπαθέω), 2:3, 2:9, 4:5 | Central to the doctrine; paired with soldier/athlete/farmer metaphors |
| be ashamed | αἰσχύνομαι (aischynomai) | wstydzić się | Medium-High | 1:8, 1:12, 1:16 | Public, social courage to identify with a suffering minister of the gospel |
| persecutions, sufferings | διωγμοί, παθήματα (diōgmoi, pathēmata) | prześladowania, cierpienia | Medium | 3:11 | Concrete historical grounding of the abstract virtue |
| rescue / deliver | ῥύομαι (rhyomai) | wybawić / wyrwać | Medium | 3:11, 4:17, 4:18 | Recurring pattern of the Lord’s rescue amid suffering |
| word of God is not bound | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | słowo Boże nie jest związane | Medium | 2:9 | Encouragement that persecution cannot imprison the gospel message itself |
| forsake / abandon | ἐγκαταλείπω (egkataleipō) | opuścić | Medium | 4:10, 4:16 | Negative example pattern (Demas; “all forsook me”), contrasted with the Lord’s standing-by (4:17) |
| soldier / athlete / farmer (metaphors) | στρατιώτης / ἀθλητής / γεωργός | żołnierz / zawodnik / rolnik | Low | 2:3-6 | Disciplined-hardship vocational images |
B7. Assurance of Reward
| English Gloss | Greek (Transliteration) | Polish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / Collision Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I have fought the good fight, finished the race, kept the faith | τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι, τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα, τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα | Dobrą walkę wybojowałem, bieg zakończyłem, wiary ustrzegłem | Critical | 4:7 | Climactic summary formula; must render identically across all future curriculum materials, per baseline’s consistency-across-documents rule |
| crown of righteousness | στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης (stephanos tēs dikaiosynēs) | wieniec sprawiedliwości | Critical | 4:8 | Must be taught as grace-enabled recognition, not independently-earned merit, given the existing Catholic merit-cooperation framework already flagged for łaska/sprawiedliwość in the Romans baseline |
| the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award | ἀποδώσει ὁ κύριος, ὁ δίκαιος κριτής (apodōsei ho kyrios, ho dikaios kritēs) | odda Pan, sprawiedliwy Sędzia | High | 4:8 | Unifies judgment (4:1) and reward (4:8) in the same divine act/Person |
| loved his appearing | ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ (ēgapēkosi tēn epiphaneian autou) | umiłowali Jego przyjście | High | 4:8 | See epiphaneia entry below; universalizes the reward to all believers |
| appearing (of Christ) | ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia) | przyjście / objawienie się | High | 1:10, 4:1, 4:8 | Lexical overlap with the Polish liturgical feast “Objawienie Pańskie / Epifania” (Epiphany, the Magi’s visit, a public holiday as “Dzień Trzech Króli”); must be disambiguated by context at every occurrence (first coming vs. future return) |
| that day (of judgment/reward) | ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα (ekeinē hē hēmera) | ów dzień | Medium | 4:8 | Standard eschatological formula |
| departure (euphemism for death) | ἀνάλυσις (analysis) | odejście | Low | 4:6 | Nautical/military “loosing to depart” metaphor; death as purposeful departure |
| poured out as a libation | σπένδομαι (spendomai) | wylewać się na ofiarę | Medium | 4:6 | Risk of blending with Eucharistic “Ofiara Mszy” associations; here it is Paul’s self-offering, not a sacramental re-presentation |
| heavenly kingdom | βασιλεία ἐπουράνιος (basileia epouranios) | królestwo niebieskie | Medium | 4:18 | Distinct phrase from general królestwo Boże; final destination, not earthly/political |
C. Terms Present in Romans but Absent from 2 Timothy
The following baseline terms do not occur (or occur only as unrelated homonyms) in 2 Timothy and are therefore not re-certified in this glossary; they remain valid wherever they recur in future curricula: justification (usprawiedliwienie), obedience of faith (posłuszeństwo wiary), church (kościół), fellowship (wspólnota), spiritual gifts as a plural church-wide category (dary duchowe — cf. B3 χάρισμα singular note above), covenant (przymierze), messiah (Mesjasz, though “Christ” as proper name occurs constantly), prophet/prophecy (prorok/proroctwo), intercession (wstawiennictwo), providence (opatrzność Boża, though thematically echoed via πρόθεσις), Israel (Izrael), Abba (Abba), incarnation (wcielenie), son of God (Syn Boży, though “Christ Jesus” occurs constantly), adoption (usynowienie).
D. Cross-Document Consistency Requirements (2 Timothy-Specific)
Per the baseline’s Theological Consistency Rules, the following renderings must be identical across every future 2 Timothy Phase 2 document:
- 2 Timothy 3:16-17 (inspiration/sufficiency thesis statement) — identical rendering required in every lesson referencing Scripture’s authority.
- 2 Timothy 4:1-2 (the Charge) — identical rendering required wherever the preaching charge is discussed.
- 2 Timothy 4:7 (“fought the good fight…”) — verbatim consistency required; this is 2 Timothy’s equivalent of Romans 8:28 in pastoral/devotional weight.
- εὐαγγελιστής → ewangelista — the clarifying footnote distinguishing this from the four Gospel-writers must accompany every occurrence without exception.
- παραθήκη → depozyt — the clarifying footnote distinguishing personal faithful-transmission from institutional Magisterium custody must accompany every occurrence without exception.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
CRITICAL: Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. NEW NUANCE for 2 Timothy: several occurrences (2:18 ‘overturn the faith of some,’ 3:8 ‘disqualified concerning the faith,’ 4:7 ‘kept the faith’) use pistis for the guarded body of apostolic belief (fides quae), not only personal trust (fides qua). Distinguish the two senses by context; neither may collapse into inherited national-religious identity or default to institutional-Magisterium custody of doctrine.
Unfeigned Faith
Approved rendering: szczera / nieobłudna wiara
Transliteration: anypokritos pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: pobożność odziedziczona po rodzinie jako dowód wystarczający wiary
Original: ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις
Category: Faith
NEW. Modifies the Critical-risk term ‘wiara’ at 2 Timothy 1:5 (Timothy’s mother Eunice and grandmother Lois). Must guard against a performative, cultural-conformity reading of multi-generational family religious heritage substituting for Timothy’s own personal trust in Christ — the clearest direct recurrence of the baseline’s ‘Polak-katolik’ caution in this letter.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne, nagroda niezależna od łaski, oparta wyłącznie na zasłudze (w kontekście 4:8)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. In 2 Timothy appears as the goal of Scripture’s training (3:16), the object of pursuit (2:22), and the content of the future ‘crown’ (4:8) — see crown_of_righteousness entry for the reward-specific caution.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną, zbawienie jako owoc długoletniej znajomości Pisma bez osobistej wiary
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. 2 Timothy 3:15 ties salvation explicitly to ‘faith in Christ Jesus,’ not to lifelong exposure to sacred texts or inherited religious upbringing alone — reinforce this distinction given Timothy’s own multi-generational religious formation (1:5).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: zmartwychwstanie
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. 2 Timothy 2:8 affirms Christ’s bodily resurrection within Paul’s summary gospel; 2:18 reports Hymenaeus and Philetus’s FALSE claim that ‘the resurrection has already happened’ — this occurrence must be marked unambiguously as reported error, never as the letter’s own teaching.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Preserve exclusive, supreme lordship in every 2 Timothy occurrence (1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 1:18, 2:7, 2:14, 2:19, 2:22, 2:24, 4:1, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22), including 2:19’s citation of the OT formula ‘everyone who names the name of the Lord.‘
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy chiefly within the fixed phrase ‘Christ Jesus.’ No variant-form risk.
Christ
Approved rendering: Chrystus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW entry for this package (established proper-name form per the baseline AI translation requirements document’s proper-name table, not previously a standalone translation_memory.json entry in Romans). Functions in 2 Timothy overwhelmingly as part of the proper name ‘Christ Jesus’/‘Jesus Christ’ rather than a standalone titular claim; distinguish from the separate titular term ‘Mesjasz,’ used when the Messianic-promise doctrine itself is being taught.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesjasz
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Carried forward for cross-reference consistency with ‘Chrystus’ as proper name; use ‘Mesjasz’ only when the titular Messianic-promise doctrine itself, not the proper name, is in view.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Standard and unambiguous throughout 2 Timothy.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Empowers the guarding of the entrusted deposit of sound doctrine (2 Timothy 1:14).
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Invoked in 2 Timothy’s opening greeting (1:2).
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Transliteration: klēsis hagia
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Original: κλῆσις ἁγία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. 2 Timothy 1:9’s ‘holy calling… not according to our works’ must be paired with explicit universal-believer context every time; never allow ‘powołanie’ to default to the culturally dominant Polish Catholic sense of a call to priesthood or consecrated religious life.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: poczytana sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość wlana (kategoria trydencka)
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Carried forward for cross-document consistency; 2 Timothy 4:16 uses the same underlying verb family (logizomai) for Paul’s personal forgiveness of his abandoners — see logizomai_reckoning entry for the distinct application, which must not be conflated with this justification doctrine.
Artios Sufficiency
Approved rendering: w pełni przygotowany / wyposażony
Transliteration: artios / exērtismenos
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: pomocny w przygotowaniu (osłabienie roszczenia wystarczalności)
Original: ἄρτιος / ἐξηρτισμένος
Category: Scripture
CRITICAL: NEW. ‘Complete, fully equipped’; Scripture alone renders the man of God completely equipped for every good work, lacking nothing essential (3:17). Directly intersects with Dei Verbum’s ‘one sacred deposit of the Word of God’ (Scripture plus Sacred Tradition under Magisterial authority). Must preserve the completeness claim without either polemicizing against that framework or quietly absorbing sufficiency into it.
Deposit Parathēkē
Approved rendering: depozyt
Transliteration: parathēkē
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: depozyt wiary rozumiany wyłącznie jako instytucjonalna, magisterialna własność Kościoła
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine
CRITICAL: NEW. That which is entrusted for safekeeping (1:12, 1:14). Collides directly with the Polish Catholic catechetical term ‘depozyt wiary’ (Dei Verbum, Catechism), institutionally custodied by the Magisterium. 2 Timothy’s usage is personal — a chain of faithful people (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others, 2:2) — not primarily an institutional-hierarchical guarantee. MANDATORY clarifying footnote required at every occurrence without exception.
Euangelistes Evangelist
Approved rendering: ewangelista
Transliteration: euangelistēs
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: ewangelista rozumiany jako jeden z czterech autorów Ewangelii (Mateusz, Marek, Łukasz, Jan) bez zastrzeżenia
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
CRITICAL: NEW. A New Testament ministry office/function: one who proclaims the gospel (Acts 21:8, Ephesians 4:11), the task Timothy is charged to carry out (4:5). Collides directly with the near-universal Polish Catholic referent ‘Ewangelista’ = one of the four Gospel-writers, depicted constantly in church art, altarpieces, and lectionary symbolism. MANDATORY clarifying footnote required at every occurrence without exception.
Repentance Metanoia
Approved rendering: nawrócenie
Transliteration: metanoia
Doctrine: Repentance and Conversion
Rejected alternatives: pokuta
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy
CRITICAL: NEW. A God-granted change of mind/heart leading to knowledge of the truth, given directly by God without reference to sacramental mediation (2:25). ‘Pokuta’ refers overwhelmingly in contemporary Polish usage to the Sacrament of Penance/Reconciliation (spowiedź, priestly absolution) and is explicitly rejected as a substitute for ‘nawrócenie.‘
Fought Good Fight Formula
Approved rendering: Dobrą walkę wybojowałem, bieg zakończyłem, wiary ustrzegłem
Transliteration: ton kalon agōna ēgōnismai, ton dromon teteleka, tēn pistin tetērēka
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι, τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα, τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Reward
CRITICAL: NEW. ‘I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith’ — the letter’s climactic summary of a completed, faithful ministry (4:7). MUST render identically wherever quoted across all future curriculum materials, per the cross-document consistency rule; comparable in pastoral weight to Romans 8:28 in the baseline.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: wieniec sprawiedliwości
Transliteration: stephanos tēs dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: wieniec jako nagroda niezależnie zapracowana, analogiczna do skarbnicy zasług/odpustów
Original: στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Reward
CRITICAL DOCTRINAL ANCHOR: NEW. The victor’s wreath (athletic imagery, not a royal diadem) reserved for Paul and ‘all who have loved his appearing’ (4:8). Given the Catholic merit-cooperation framework already flagged in the Romans baseline for ‘łaska’ and ‘sprawiedliwość’ (treasury of merit, indulgences), this crown must be taught as God’s gracious recognition of a faithfully-lived, grace-enabled life, not a wage earned by independent merit accumulation.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. In 2 Timothy anchors ‘my gospel’ (2:8) and ‘the word of God is not bound’ (2:9); must retain identity as a specific, fixed apostolic message tied to Christ’s death, resurrection, and coming, not a generic uplifting sentiment or the four Gospel books alone.
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. 2 Timothy 1:9 explicitly states the calling is ‘not according to our works but according to his own purpose and grace’ — this works/grace contrast must be preserved with the same care as Romans 4:4-5 and 11:5-6.
Mercy
Approved rendering: miłosierdzie
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion of God
Rejected alternatives: miłosierdzie rozumiane wyłącznie w ramach nabożeństwa do Bożego Miłosierdzia (objawienia św. Faustyny)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW. Not present in the Romans baseline. Poland’s exceptionally intense Divine Mercy devotion (Boże Miłosierdzie), centered on St. Faustyna Kowalska’s visions and the Divine Mercy image/chaplet, gives ‘miłosierdzie’ strong devotional-liturgical associations. 2 Timothy 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 must be taught as God’s general covenant compassion toward faithful servants, not narrowed exclusively to that devotional framework.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: uświęcenie / poświęcony
Transliteration: hagiazō / hēgiasmenos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: oczyszczenie pokutne, w tym poprzez czyściec
Original: ἁγιάζω / ἡγιασμένος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Applied concretely to the ‘vessel for honor… sanctified’ image (2:21); must not collapse into a penitential/purgatorial framework where holiness is completed through post-mortem purification rather than the Spirit’s present work.
Election
Approved rendering: wybrani
Transliteration: eklektoi
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. ‘For the elect’s sake’ Paul endures all things (2:10); avoid fatalistic ‘los/przeznaczenie’ framing.
Theopneustos
Approved rendering: natchnione przez Boga
Transliteration: theopneustos
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: natchnione w sensie ‘inspirujące’ (subiektywne)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
NEW. ‘God-breathed’; Scripture’s direct divine origin (3:16), a compound found nowhere else in the NT. Must not be softened to a subjective ‘inspiring’ reading, and must not be quietly absorbed into a Scripture-plus-Sacred-Tradition co-authority framework (cf. Dei Verbum’s ‘one sacred deposit’) that the verse itself does not assert.
Graphe All Scripture
Approved rendering: całe Pismo / wszelkie Pismo
Transliteration: pasa graphē
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: niektóre fragmenty Pisma (zawężenie zakresu)
Original: πᾶσα γραφή
Category: Scripture
NEW. The comprehensive scope of the divine-origin claim in 3:16 (‘all/every Scripture’); must be preserved and not narrowed to select passages.
Entrust Paratithemi
Approved rendering: powierzyć
Transliteration: paratithēmi
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: παρατίθημι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Verb-form of parathēkē; governs Timothy’s active transmission of the deposit to faithful men (2:2), establishing the person-to-person transmission chain central to this doctrine.
Guard Keep
Approved rendering: strzec / zachować
Transliteration: phylassō / tēreō
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: φυλάσσω / τηρέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. To guard, keep safe; the active vigilance required over the entrusted deposit and, at the letter’s close, over ‘the faith’ itself (1:12, 1:14, 4:7). Conveys active, vigilant guarding, not passive or inherited possession.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: zdrowa nauka
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: nauka Kościoła jako jedyny właściwy referent (zawężenie instytucjonalne)
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
CRITICAL DOCTRINAL ANCHOR: NEW. Doctrinally whole teaching conformed to the apostolic gospel, contrasted with what people will not endure in the last days (1:13, 4:3). Must not collapse into ‘nauka Kościoła’ as its sole referent, obscuring the text’s own criterion of conformity to the apostolic gospel already described in 3:14-17.
Depart From Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: odstąpić
Transliteration: aphistēmi
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἀφίστημι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. ‘Depart from unrighteousness’ (2:19); root behind later Christian ‘apostasy’ vocabulary, here framed as a positive command of active departure rather than the negative act of falling away.
Faithful Men Teach Others
Approved rendering: wierni ludzie… zdolni nauczać innych
Transliteration: pistoi anthrōpoi… heterous didaxai
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: nauczyciele wyłącznie w linii sukcesji urzędu, niezależnie od osobistej wierności
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι… ἑτέρους διδάξαι
Category: Ministry
NEW. Key verse (2:2) for this doctrine: the four-generation chain (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others). Transmission criterion is faithfulness PLUS teaching capacity as joint criteria, not institutional ordination lineage alone.
Charisma Gift
Approved rendering: dar (łaski)
Transliteration: charisma
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Ministry
NEW. Timothy’s individual Spirit-given ministry-gift, received through the laying on of Paul’s hands (1:6). Distinct from the general plural ‘dary duchowe’ of the Romans baseline (Medium risk); this is Timothy’s personal ordination-gift.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: nałożenie rąk
Transliteration: epithesis tōn cheirōn
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: nałożenie rąk jako wyłączna, samodzielna gwarancja wiernego przekazu poprzez sukcesję instytucjonalną
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Ministry
NEW. Ordination gesture through which Timothy’s ministry-gift was conferred/confirmed (1:6). Directly intersects with Catholic sacramental theology of Holy Orders (Sakrament Święceń) and apostolic succession. Must not be read as validating institutional hierarchical succession as the exclusive guarantee of faithful transmission, given the letter’s own emphasis (2:2) on faithful, teaching-capable persons.
Kēryssō Preach
Approved rendering: głosić
Transliteration: kēryssō
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: głoszenie zawężone wyłącznie do formalnego kazania/homilii zastrzeżonego dla duchowieństwa
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Ministry
CRITICAL DOCTRINAL ANCHOR: NEW. To proclaim/herald publicly and authoritatively; the first and central imperative of the Charge (4:2). Polish canon law (KPK kan. 767) restricts formal liturgical preaching (kazanie/homilia) during Mass to ordained clergy, risking narrowing readers’ sense of who bears this charge and in what setting versus the NT’s wider proclamation/witness emphasis.
Last Days
Approved rendering: dni ostatnie
Transliteration: eschatai hēmerai
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: dni ostatnie jako wąski, przyszły okres kryzysu podsycający spekulacje o ‘końcu świata’
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL DOCTRINAL ANCHOR: NEW. The final eschatological period, marked by moral and doctrinal crisis, inaugurated at Christ’s first coming (3:1). Must be taught as the entire, already-inaugurated church age, not a narrowly future crisis-period; avoid feeding sensationalist ‘koniec świata’ speculation cycles in Polish popular religious culture.
Planaō Deceive
Approved rendering: zwodzić
Transliteration: planaō
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: πλανάω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Key verb for this doctrine: deception is described as mutual and self-reinforcing among evil men and impostors (3:13), ‘deceiving and being deceived,’ not merely inflicted on passive victims.
Form Of Godliness
Approved rendering: pozór (forma) pobożności… zapierając się jej mocy
Transliteration: morphōsis eusebeias… arneomai
Doctrine: Authentic Godliness vs. Nominal Religiosity
Rejected alternatives: pobożność rozumiana jako wystarczająca przy samym uczestnictwie kulturowo-religijnym
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας… ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy
CRITICAL/HIGH: NEW. ‘A form/outward shape of godliness, but denying its power’ (3:5). Eusebeia (‘godliness/piety’) is at exceptionally high risk of being satisfied by external religious/cultural-national form in a ‘Polak-katolik’ context, precisely the nominal-religiosity risk the Romans baseline flags for ‘wiara.‘
Arneomai Deny
Approved rendering: zapierać się
Transliteration: arneomai
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. To deny or disown; denial of Christ carries real consequence (2:12) and describes the empty religiosity of the last days (3:5). Must not be softened into a merely rhetorical or hypothetical warning.
Corrupted Disqualified
Approved rendering: skażeni na umyśle, odrzuceni (nieprawi) w wierze
Transliteration: katephtharmenoi ton noun, adokimoi peri tēn pistin
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν, ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Description of false teachers (3:8), a direct antonym-pair with 2:15’s ‘approved’ (dokimos); false teachers fail the very test Timothy is charged to pass.
Hypomone Endurance
Approved rendering: wytrwałość
Transliteration: hypomonē / hypomenō
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: wytrwałość jako fatalistyczna rezygnacja (‘los/przeznaczenie’)
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Perseverance
CRITICAL/HIGH: NEW. Active, hope-grounded endurance under hardship, tied to future reign with Christ (2:10, 2:12) and Timothy’s discipleship pattern (3:10). Must not collapse into fatalistic resignation but be taught as active endurance flowing from union with Christ.
Kakopatheō Suffer Hardship
Approved rendering: znosić trudy / cierpieć
Transliteration: kakopatheō
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance
NEW. To suffer hardship/endure affliction; central to the Charge’s closing imperative and Paul’s own example (1:8, 2:3, 2:9, 4:5). Paired throughout with soldier/athlete/farmer metaphors.
Be Ashamed
Approved rendering: wstydzić się
Transliteration: aischynomai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: αἰσχύνομαι
Category: Perseverance
NEW. To feel shame or be disgraced; a repeated refrain concerning the gospel, Paul’s chains, and Paul himself (1:8, 1:12, 1:16). Denotes the public, social courage required to identify with a suffering minister of the gospel.
Righteous Judge Award
Approved rendering: odda Pan, sprawiedliwy Sędzia
Transliteration: apodōsei ho kyrios, ho dikaios kritēs
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀποδώσει ὁ κύριος, ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Reward
NEW. ‘The Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me’ — unifies judgment (4:1) and reward (4:8) as the same divine act performed by the same Person.
Epiphaneia Appearing
Approved rendering: przyjście / objawienie się
Transliteration: epiphaneia
Doctrine: Future Judgment and the Second Coming of Christ
Rejected alternatives: objawienie się rozumiane wyłącznie jako święto Objawienia Pańskiego / Epifanii (Dzień Trzech Króli)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
HIGH: NEW. A visible, decisive appearance of Christ — his first, historical appearing (1:10) and his future glorious return (4:1, 4:8) — the same Greek word used of both. Direct lexical overlap with the Polish liturgical feast ‘Objawienie Pańskie / Epifania’ (a public holiday, ‘Dzień Trzech Króli’). Must be disambiguated by context at every occurrence.
Creedal Fragment 2 11 13
Approved rendering: jeśliśmy z Nim umarli, z Nim też żyć będziemy… jeśli wytrwamy, z Nim też królować będziemy
Transliteration: synapethanomen… syzēsomen / hypomenomen… symbasileusomen
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: συναπεθάνομεν… συζησόμεν / ὑπομένομεν… συμβασιλεύσομεν
Category: Reward
NEW. A hymn-like fixed traditional saying (2:11-12) directly linking present perseverance under suffering to future reign/reward — bridges two curriculum doctrines in a single, fixed transmitted formula.
Faithless God Faithful
Approved rendering: jeśli my odmawiamy wierności, On wiary nie łamie
Transliteration: apistoumen, pistos menei
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἀπιστοῦμεν, πιστὸς μένει
Category: Faith
NEW. ‘If we are unfaithful, he remains faithful’ (2:13) — God’s faithfulness is not contingent on ours, though the verse also grounds his own just character (‘he cannot deny himself’). Must not be flattened into unconditional comfort alone.
Live Godly
Approved rendering: żyć pobożnie w Chrystusie Jezusie
Transliteration: eusebōs zēn en Christō Iēsou
Doctrine: Authentic Godliness vs. Nominal Religiosity
Rejected alternatives: pobożne życie rozumiane jako narodowo-kulturowa tożsamość katolicka, niezależna od osobistej wiary
Original: εὐσεβῶς ζῆν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Perseverance
NEW. ‘To live godly in Christ Jesus’ (3:12); universalizes Paul’s experience of persecution as the normal pattern for genuine godliness, grounded in union with Christ rather than any national-cultural religious identity.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: pokój
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Named in the epistolary greeting (2 Timothy 1:2).
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Invoked for the elect’s sake (2:10) and in the closing doxology (4:18).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: poganie
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. 2 Timothy 4:17: Paul’s rescue served the goal that ‘all the nations/Gentiles might hear’ the proclamation. Watch the same negative-charge overstatement risk documented in the baseline (‘poganie’ literally ‘pagans’).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: królestwo
Transliteration: basileia
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package concept; rendering unchanged. Invoked at the coming judgment (4:1); distinguish from the distinct phrase ‘heavenly kingdom’ (4:18), a future, non-earthly, non-political destination.
Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: królestwo niebieskie
Transliteration: basileia epouranios
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: βασιλεία ἐπουράνιος
Category: Kingdom
NEW. The believer’s final, heavenly destination of salvation (4:18), distinct from the general phrase ‘kingdom of God/kingdom.’ Must not be read as a present political or institutional referent.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boża
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Given to Timothy against timidity, expressed through power, love, and sound judgment (1:7-8).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: potomek Dawida
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exact phrase; rendering unchanged. Paired with resurrection in Paul’s summary gospel (2:8).
Logizomai Reckoning
Approved rendering: poczytać / przypisać
Transliteration: logizomai
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (cross-reference; distinct application)
Original: λογίζομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Paul uses this legal-accounting verb of his own forgiveness toward those who abandoned him (4:16), ‘may it not be counted against them.’ Same verb family as ‘poczytana sprawiedliwość’ but the theological subject here is Paul’s personal forgiveness, not God’s justification of the sinner. Note the distinction explicitly so readers do not conflate the two uses.
Hiera Grammata
Approved rendering: święte Pisma
Transliteration: hiera grammata
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
NEW. ‘Sacred writings’; the Old Testament writings Timothy knew from childhood (3:15), a distinct phrase from graphē in v.16; emphasizes lifelong, family-transmitted exposure (cf. 1:5).
Man Of God
Approved rendering: człowiek Boży
Transliteration: ho tou theou anthrōpos
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
NEW. OT idiom for one who serves/represents God, applied to the minister equipped by Scripture (3:17); not a title of special sacred-elite status, contrasting with the canonized-saint collision already documented in the Romans baseline for ‘święci.‘
Rightly Handle
Approved rendering: właściwie wykładać
Transliteration: orthotomeō
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. To ‘rightly cut/handle’ the word of truth (2:15); must not be reduced to the exclusive interpretive prerogative of a single office but presented as the calling of every faithful teacher who handles Scripture carefully.
Pattern Of Sound Words
Approved rendering: wzór zdrowych słów
Transliteration: hypotypōsis hygiainontōn logōn
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Ministry
NEW. ‘Pattern/model of sound words’; the standard of teaching Timothy heard from Paul and must retain (1:13); first occurrence of the ‘sound [doctrine/words]’ language central to this doctrine.
Faithful Adjective
Approved rendering: wierny
Transliteration: pistos
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πιστός
Category: Faith
NEW. Adjective form of the pistis word-family, applied to sayings (2:11), people (2:2), and God’s own character (2:13). Consistency required across occurrences to keep the pistis word-family visibly connected.
Diamartyromai Solemn Charge
Approved rendering: zaklinam się / uroczyście nakazuję
Transliteration: diamartyromai
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
NEW. A formal, binding declaration invoking God and Christ Jesus as witnesses, opening the Charge (4:1). ‘Zaklinam się’ carries a secondary lexical echo of incantation in Polish; check register against established Bible-translation precedent alongside ‘uroczyście nakazuję.‘
Kerygma Proclamation
Approved rendering: zwiastowanie / przesłanie
Transliteration: kērygma
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Ministry
NEW. The content proclaimed; Paul’s rescue served the goal that ‘the proclamation might be fully carried out’ and all nations might hear (4:17). Word-family of kēryssō; links Perseverance under Suffering to Mission to the Nations.
Reprove Rebuke
Approved rendering: wykazywać błąd / strofować
Transliteration: elegchō / epitimaō
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐλέγχω / ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Ministry
NEW. Two of the five imperatives of the Charge (4:2); together with the encouraging ‘napominać’ (parakaleson), these three distinct corrective registers must not be flattened into one generic verb for ‘teach’ or ‘correct.‘
Fulfill Completely
Approved rendering: wypełnić do końca
Transliteration: plērophoreō
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: πληροφορέω
Category: Ministry
NEW. To fulfill/carry out completely; used of Timothy’s ministry (4:5) and Paul’s own completed proclamation (4:17). Ministry must be carried to full completion, not abandoned partway; ties the Charge to Assurance of Reward.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: uszy, które chce się drapać / szukające tego, co łechta uszy
Transliteration: knēthomenoi tēn akoēn
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: swędzące uszy (literalny kalka, ryzyko niezamierzenie komicznego rejestru)
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Idiom describing a craving for novel, flattering messages rather than sound doctrine (4:3). Requires dynamic-equivalence care; doctrinal content (self-selected teachers replacing sound doctrine) must survive idiomatic smoothing. Requires Phase 2 native-speaker naturalness test before final fixing.
Turn Away
Approved rendering: odwrócić się / zboczyć
Transliteration: apostrephō / ektrepō
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποστρέφω / ἐκτρέπω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. To turn away from truth toward myths; describes both historical desertion of Paul (1:15) and the coming apostasy pattern (4:4). Recurring ‘turning away’ pattern across the letter (cf. also 4:10, 4:16), functioning as the letter’s working definition of apostasy as gradual substitution rather than a single dramatic renunciation.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: poznanie prawdy
Transliteration: epignōsis alētheias
Doctrine: Repentance and Conversion
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Full, precise knowledge of the truth, the goal repentance leads toward and which false teaching perpetually fails to reach (2:25, 3:7).
Oppose Anthistemi
Approved rendering: przeciwstawiać się
Transliteration: anthistēmi
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀνθίστημι
Category: Apostasy
NEW. To stand against, resist; used of Jannes and Jambres opposing Moses and, typologically, of present-day opposition to the truth (3:8).
Persecutions Sufferings
Approved rendering: prześladowania, cierpienia
Transliteration: diōgmoi, pathēmata
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμοί, παθήματα
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Concrete historical persecutions and sufferings Paul endured at Antioch, Iconium, and Lystra, held up as Timothy’s model (3:11).
Rhyomai Rescue
Approved rendering: wybawić / wyrwać
Transliteration: rhyomai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Perseverance
NEW. To rescue/deliver; the Lord’s repeated pattern of rescue amid suffering (3:11, 4:17, 4:18), connecting Perseverance under Suffering to Assurance of Reward.
Word Not Bound
Approved rendering: słowo Boże nie jest związane
Transliteration: ho logos tou theou ou dedetai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Even as Paul is physically imprisoned, the gospel message itself cannot be imprisoned (2:9); key encouragement distinguishing the messenger’s circumstances from the message’s unstoppable progress.
Forsake Abandon
Approved rendering: opuścić
Transliteration: egkataleipō
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἐγκαταλείπω
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Describes Demas’s desertion and ‘all’ who deserted Paul at his defense (4:10, 4:16), contrasted with the Lord who stood by him (4:17); reinforces Assurance of Reward amid Perseverance under Suffering.
Poured Out Libation
Approved rendering: wylewać się na ofiarę
Transliteration: spendomai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: ofiara rozumiana jako sakramentalne uobecnienie Ofiary Mszy
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Reward
NEW. The technical verb for pouring out a drink-offering in sacrifice, used of Paul’s own life poured out in martyrdom (4:6). Risk of blending with the strong Polish Catholic association of ‘ofiara’ with the Eucharistic sacrifice of the Mass (Ofiara Mszy); here it pictures Paul’s own costly ministerial faithfulness, not a sacramental re-presentation of Christ’s sacrifice.
Prothesis Purpose
Approved rendering: zamysł / postanowienie
Transliteration: prothesis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: los, przeznaczenie
Original: πρόθεσις
Category: God
NEW. God’s determined purpose/plan, the ground of the holy calling given ‘not according to our works’ (1:9); thematically echoes the Romans baseline’s ‘opatrzność Boża’ though not a lexical match.
Immortality Incorruption
Approved rendering: nieśmiertelność / niezniszczalność
Transliteration: aphtharsia
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nieśmiertelność duszy w sensie platońskim, niezależna od zmartwychwstania ciała
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Immortality/incorruption, brought to light through Christ’s appearing alongside the abolition of death (1:10); must be taught as bodily incorruption tied to resurrection hope, not a Platonic notion of an inherently immortal soul.
Servant Of The Lord
Approved rendering: służący (niewolnik) Pana
Transliteration: doulos kyriou
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: δοῦλος κυρίου
Category: Ministry
NEW. Timothy’s ministry identity and authority derive entirely from service to Christ (2:24); ties Timothy’s authority to the Critical-risk reused term ‘Pan.‘
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostoł
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Paul’s self-designation and the ground of his authority to charge Timothy (1:1, 1:11).
David
Approved rendering: Dawid
Transliteration: Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Named in Paul’s summary gospel formula (2:8).
Exhort
Approved rendering: napominać
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. One of five imperatives in the Charge to Preach the Word (4:2), balancing sharper corrective verbs.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: dziękczynienie
Transliteration: eucharistia / eucharistō
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; rendering unchanged. Expressed by Paul as he remembers Timothy (1:3); distinguish from the specific liturgical-Eucharistic sense where a general gratitude sense is intended.
Empty Babbling
Approved rendering: bezbożna, pusta mowa
Transliteration: bebēlos kenophōnia
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλος κενοφωνία
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Profane, empty talk contrasted with sound doctrine and the word of truth (2:16).
Gangrene
Approved rendering: gangrena
Transliteration: gaggraina
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Medical metaphor for the spreading, destructive effect of unconfronted false teaching (2:17).
Fight About Words
Approved rendering: spierać się o słowa
Transliteration: logomacheō
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: λογομαχέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. To quarrel over verbal technicalities rather than substance (2:14); guards the manner, not only the content, of doctrinal discussion.
Makrothymia Patience
Approved rendering: wielka cierpliwość
Transliteration: makrothymia
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Ministry
NEW. Longsuffering patience, the manner in which all correction and exhortation in the Charge must be carried out (4:2); guards against harshness.
Impostor Goes
Approved rendering: szalbierz / oszust
Transliteration: goēs
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόης
Category: Apostasy
NEW. A swindler/charlatan, sometimes with a sorcerer connotation, describing the false teachers of the last days (3:13).
Myths Mythos
Approved rendering: baśnie / mity
Transliteration: mythos
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μῦθος
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Invented stories without factual/revelatory basis, contrasted with God-breathed Scripture (4:4).
Vocational Metaphors
Approved rendering: żołnierz / zawodnik (atleta) / rolnik
Transliteration: stratiōtēs / athlētēs / geōrgos
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης / ἀθλητής / γεωργός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Three vocational metaphors for disciplined, hardship-enduring ministry (2:3-6); no institutional or ritual connotation.
Departure Analysis
Approved rendering: odejście
Transliteration: analysis
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀνάλυσις
Category: Reward
NEW. A nautical/military term for loosing moorings or breaking camp, used euphemistically of Paul’s approaching death (4:6); reframes death as deliberate, purposeful departure rather than defeat.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: wiarygodne jest to słowo
Transliteration: pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. A fixed formula introducing a trustworthy traditional saying, here the creedal fragment of 2:11-13; marks content transmitted in fixed, memorizable form.
Referenced passages