Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians (English → Polish)
Purpose
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all sixteen chapters of 1 Corinthians. It distinguishes terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json (reused exactly, no deviation permitted) from new terms required by 1 Corinthians’ distinctive doctrines, each assigned a risk tier per the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework. New Critical/High terms proposed here require human theologian review before entering translation memory, per the baseline’s escalation rules.
Risk tiers (as defined in baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json):
- Critical — mistranslation destroys/alters essential doctrine; theologian review every occurrence.
- High — significant confusion/syncretism risk; theologian review required.
- Medium — reduces clarity but preserves core meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
Part A — Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English term | Polish rendering | Risk (baseline) | 1 Corinthians occurrences (chapters) | Notes for this curriculum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Ewangelia | High | 1, 4, 9, 15 (core) | Anchor to the fixed creedal content of 15:1-11. |
| grace | łaska | High | 1, 3, 15 (core), 16 | 15:10 is a key grace-vs-merit illustrative text. |
| faith / believe | wiara / wierzyć | Critical | 2, 3, 13, 15 (core), 16 | 15:1-2, 11 bookend the core passage with belief in the specific apostolic content. |
| salvation / saved | zbawienie / zbawiony | Critical | 1, 15 (core) | 15:2 ties ongoing salvation to holding fast the gospel content. |
| called | powołany | Medium/Critical (context-dependent) | 1, 7, 15 (core) | New nuance in ch.7 (calling = life-situation at conversion); flag distinctly from apostleship/sainthood senses. |
| calling | powołanie | Critical | 1, 7 | Continue baseline caution vs. priestly/religious-vocation narrowing. |
| holy | święty | Medium | 1, 3, 6, 7 | Applies to believers, temple, marriage discussion. |
| saints | święci | Critical | 1, 6, 16 | Continue baseline’s mandatory clarifying note (corporate, not canonized-only). |
| sanctification / sanctified | uświęcenie / uświęceni | High | 1, 6 | 6:11 triad (washed/sanctified/justified). |
| church | kościół | Medium | 1, 15 (core, “the church of God” v.9), 16 | Distinguish gathered congregation from institutional “Kościół.” |
| kingdom of God | królestwo Boże | Medium | 4, 6, 15 | |
| sin | grzech | Medium | 15 (core, v.3) | |
| covenant | przymierze | High | 11 (new covenant, Lord’s Supper) | Reused exactly; see new Lord’s Supper terms below for surrounding vocabulary. |
| apostle | apostoł | Low | 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 (core) | |
| spiritual gifts | dary duchowe | Medium | 1, 7 (related), 12, 14 | Note Charismatic Renewal cultural bridge/risk (ch.12). |
| fellowship | wspólnota | Low (elevated to High at 10:16) | 1, 10 | Flag 10:16 for theologian review — approaches Eucharistic κοινωνία. |
| glory | chwała | Medium | 10, 11 | |
| power of God | moc Boża | Medium/High | 1, 2, 4 | New collision nuance: worldly rhetorical/political power, not occult force. |
| lord | Pan | Critical | 1, 8, 12, 15 (core), 16 | |
| jesus / christ / messiah | Jezus / Chrystus / Mesjasz | Critical | throughout, esp. 15 (core) | |
| god | Bóg | Critical | throughout | |
| holy spirit | Duch Święty | Critical | 2, 3, 6, 12, 14 | |
| father | Ojciec | Critical | 8, 15 | |
| prophet / prophecy | prorok / proroctwo | Low | 12, 13, 14 | |
| righteousness / justification | sprawiedliwość / usprawiedliwienie | Critical | 1, 6 | 6:11 triad. |
| resurrection | zmartwychwstanie | Critical | 15 (core and full chapter) | Core-passage anchor term; see new resurrection-body terms below for chapter 15’s extended vocabulary. |
Part B — New Terms Introduced by 1 Corinthians (Proposed for Translation Memory Addition)
| English term | Polish rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| division / faction | podziały | High | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | 1, 3, 11 (context of divisions at the Table) | “schizma” (too narrowly denominational-institutional) | Intra-congregational rivalry over leaders/status; extendable principle to denominational rivalry with care. |
| wisdom (of God / of the world) | mądrość (Boża / tego świata) | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 2, 3 | ”filozofia” (too narrowly academic) | Anchor “wisdom of God” specifically to Christ crucified, not general insight or philosophy. |
| foolishness | głupstwo | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | ”absurd” (too dismissive/comedic) | Preserve the paradox: worldly folly = divine power. |
| cross | krzyż | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | none — term is fixed in Polish Bible tradition; risk is catechetical redirection, not lexical substitution | Redirect from generic cultural/national symbol back to specific saving content and offense. |
| temple (corporate) | świątynia (Kościoła/wspólnoty) | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 3 | ”kościół” alone (ambiguous with building) | Corporate congregation as God’s dwelling; distinguish from ch.6’s individual sense. |
| temple of the Holy Spirit (individual) | świątynia Ducha Świętego | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 6 | none | Individual believer’s body; distinguish from ch.3’s corporate sense. |
| bought at a price / redemption | odkupienie / zostaliście kupieni za cenę | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness (atonement undertone) | 6 | ”wykupieni” alone without cross-reference to Christ’s sacrifice | New Critical addition: anchors to costly, substitutionary redemption; not a bare commercial metaphor. |
| sexual immorality | rozpusta / nierząd | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5, 6 | ”drobne przewinienie” (minimizing euphemism, cf. baseline “sin” caution) | Serious named moral category requiring church response. |
| hand over to Satan (church discipline) | wydać Szatanowi | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | ”ekskomunikować” (imports later canon-law procedural weight not present in the text) | Restorative apostolic discipline, not final condemnation; distinguish from formal excommunication. |
| leaven | kwas / zakwas | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | none | Requires Passover/Exodus background note. |
| marriage | małżeństwo | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | none | Complement, don’t contradict, sacramental marriage theology already familiar to Catholic readers. |
| virgin / unmarried | dziewica / (osoba) niezamężna | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | none | Referent shifts within chapter; track per verse. |
| gift (of marital/celibate calling) | dar (od Boga) | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | none | Distinguish from ch.12’s “dary duchowe” (spiritual gifts proper). |
| food offered to idols | pokarm ofiarowany bożkom | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | none | Principle-transfer teaching required; no living cultural parallel. |
| idol | bożek / idol | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | none | |
| knowledge | wiedza / poznanie | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8 | ”gnoza/gnostycyzm” (imports unrelated heretical technical sense) | Contrasted favorably with love, not a rejection of true doctrine. |
| conscience | sumienie | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | none | Preserve social-relational (not merely private-penitential) application. |
| stumbling block | zawada / powód do zgorszenia | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8 | none | |
| right / liberty | prawo / wolność | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 9, 10 | none | Distinct nuance per chapter (apostolic right vs. general Christian liberty). |
| idolatry | bałwochwalstwo | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | none | Do not extend polemically to Catholic veneration practices beyond the text’s specific target (worship of false gods). |
| table of the Lord / table of demons | stół Pański / stół demonów | High | The Lord’s Supper | 10 | none | Conceptual bridge to ch.11; render consistently with Lord’s Supper vocabulary below. |
| headship / head | głowa | High | Order in Worship | 11 | none | Lexically simple; doctrinal content requires careful, non-reductive teaching. |
| head covering | zakrywać/nakrywać głowę | Medium | Order in Worship | 11 | none | No living contemporary practice; Catholic chapel-veil history may provide a cultural bridge. |
| the Lord’s Supper | Wieczerza Pańska | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | ”Eucharystia” (imports full Catholic sacramental-theology freight not adjudicated by this curriculum); “Komunia Święta” (same risk) | NEW HIGHEST-PRIORITY CRITICAL TERM. Must be reviewed by human theologian for every occurrence; present text’s content (proclamation, self-examination, unity, discerning the body) without unilaterally resolving the transubstantiation/memorial debate beyond what 1 Corinthians 11 itself states. |
| do this in remembrance of me | to czyńcie na moją pamiątkę | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | none — phrase is fixed by liturgical/Bible-translation precedent | Embedded in the Catholic Mass; requires explicit clarifying note distinguishing Paul’s textual point from unaddressed sacramental questions. |
| discerning the body | rozróżnianie Ciała (Pańskiego) | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | none | Ambiguous referent (Eucharistic elements vs. church body) — flag both readings per baseline Ambiguity Handling protocol. |
| body and blood (of the Lord) | Ciało i Krew (Pańska) | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | none | Capitalization/register per established Polish Bible-translation precedent, not improvised. |
| body of Christ (ecclesial) | Ciało Chrystusa | Critical | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 6, 12 | none — term is fixed, but MUST be explicitly distinguished every occurrence from the identical Eucharistic liturgical phrase | HIGHEST-PRIORITY COLLISION in entire curriculum: identical to the Corpus Christi (“Boże Ciało”) liturgical phrase. Mandatory theologian review and explicit distinguishing note every occurrence. |
| members (of the body) | członkowie / członki (ciała) | Low | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 6, 12 | none | |
| manifestation of the Spirit | przejaw Ducha | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | ”objawienie Ducha” (risks confusion with technical “Revelation”) | |
| tongues | języki | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12, 13, 14 | none | Charismatic Renewal cultural-bridge note applies. |
| Spirit-baptism | ochrzczeni w jednym Duchu | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | none | Distinguish clearly from water baptism (chrzest) as sacramental rite. |
| love (agapē) | miłość | Critical | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | none — term is fixed by Bible-translation tradition, but requires explicit doctrinal framing every occurrence | NEW CRITICAL TERM. Risk of collapse into romantic/emotional love (miłość romantyczna); must be taught as willed, self-giving, and superior to all gifts and achievements (13:1-3). |
| hope | nadzieja | Medium | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | ”optymizm” (too weak/secular) | Confident eschatological expectation, not mere optimism. |
| the perfect / the complete | to, co jest doskonałe/pełne | Medium | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | ”doskonałość” alone (risks moral-perfectionism reading) | Eschatological consummation, not present-life moral perfection project. |
| interpretation (of tongues) | wykładanie/tłumaczenie (języków) | Medium | Order in Worship | 12, 14 | none | Keep consistent with “języki.” |
| edification / building up | budowanie (Kościoła/wspólnoty) | Low | Order in Worship | 3, 8, 10, 14 | none | Continuous metaphor across chapters. |
| order | porządek | Low | Order in Worship | 14 | none | |
| let the women be silent | niech kobiety w zgromadzeniach milczą | High | Order in Worship | 14 | none | Textually/interpretively contested; present interpretive options responsibly, flag for theologian review. |
| firstfruits | pierwociny | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | none | Requires OT/agricultural background note. |
| the last Adam | ostatni Adam | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | none | Adam-Christ typology; connects to deity-of-Christ/incarnation cautions. |
| natural body / spiritual body | ciało ziemskie (naturalne) / ciało duchowe | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | ”ciało niematerialne” (WRONG — implies non-physical, must be forbidden) | NEW CRITICAL TERM. “Spiritual body” ≠ immaterial/ghostly; resurrection body is genuinely physical, Spirit-empowered. Highest distortion risk in ch.15 beyond the core passage. |
| perishable / imperishable | zniszczalny / niezniszczalny | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | none | |
| immortality | nieśmiertelność | Low | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | none | |
| sting (of death) | żądło (śmierci) | Low | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | none | |
| victory | zwycięstwo | Low | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | none | |
| we will be changed/transformed | zostaniemy przemienieni | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | ”zostaniemy zdematerializowani” or similar (WRONG) | Transformation, not disembodiment; pairs with “spiritual body” caution. |
| the collection (for the saints) | zbiórka (dla świętych) | Low | (closing) | 16 | none | |
| holy kiss | pocałunek święty | Medium | Christian Fellowship (closing) | 16 | none | Requires cultural-background note; no living gesture-equivalent. |
| Marana tha | Marana tha (Przyjdź, Panie!) | Low | (closing) | 16 | none | Preserve Aramaic transliteration per “Abba” precedent. |
| anathema / accursed | niech będzie przeklęty / anatema | High | (closing) | 16 | none | Distinguish from formal ecclesiastical excommunication procedure (cf. ch.5). |
Part C — Core-Passage-Specific Terms (1 Corinthians 15:1-11), Cross-Referenced
| English term | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | Ewangelia | High | Reused; anchored to fixed creedal content vv.3-8. |
| received (tradition) | παρελάβετε / παρέλαβον | przyjęliście / przyjąłem | Medium | Technical tradition-transmission term. |
| handed down / delivered | παρέδωκα | przekazałem | High | New — Sacred Tradition (Tradycja) collision risk; must anchor to closed, Scripture-verifiable apostolic content. |
| died for our sins | ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν | umarł za nasze grzechy | Critical | Substitutionary, representative death. |
| according to the Scriptures | κατὰ τὰς γραφάς | według Pism | Medium | Requires OT background (Isaiah 53; Psalm 16). |
| buried | ἐτάφη | został pogrzebany | Low | Establishes reality of death. |
| was raised | ἐγήγερται | zmartwychwstał / został wzbudzony | Critical | Perfect tense — completed act, ongoing reality; passive voice implies the Father’s action. |
| he appeared | ὤφθη | ukazał się | High | Objective, embodied appearance to named witnesses — not subjective vision. |
| fell asleep | ἐκοιμήθησαν | zasnęli | Medium | Deliberate euphemism carrying resurrection-hope freight. |
| one untimely born | τῷ ἐκτρώματι | jak ten, który się narodził nie w swoim czasie | Medium | Startling self-abasement image tied to Paul’s abrupt conversion. |
| called (to be) an apostle | καλεῖσθαι ἀπόστολος | być nazywany apostołem / powołany na apostoła | Medium | Specific apostolic-office sense of “called,” distinct from baseline’s other three senses. |
| grace of God | χάριτι θεοῦ | łaską Bożą | High | Grace/merit contrast — “not I, but the grace of God with me.” |
| we preach | κηρύσσομεν | głosimy | Medium | Authoritative-herald force; do not soften to “opowiadamy.” |
Cross-Document Consistency Requirements
- “Ciało Chrystusa” (body of Christ, ecclesial sense, ch. 6 & 12) must never be introduced into a segment without an explicit clarifying note distinguishing it from the Eucharistic “Ciało Chrystusa” of the Mass and of ch. 11’s Lord’s Supper material.
- “Wieczerza Pańska” and its surrounding vocabulary (ch. 10-11) are the single highest-stakes new terminology set introduced by this curriculum and require mandatory human theologian review for every occurrence, per the baseline’s escalation-rule pattern for Critical terms.
- “Miłość” (ch. 13) requires an explicit doctrinal framing note distinguishing willed, self-giving ἀγάπη from romantic/emotional love every time the term carries doctrinal weight (i.e., essentially every occurrence in ch. 13).
- “Ciało duchowe” (spiritual body, ch. 15:35-58) must never be rendered or taught in a way suggesting immateriality; pair with “ciało ziemskie/naturalne” contrast every occurrence.
- All terms already fixed in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.jsonare reused exactly per that document’s version 1 entries; no deviation is introduced by this glossary. - New terms proposed as Critical or High risk in Part B must be added to
translation_memory.json(version incremented) and flagged for theologian review before any Phase 2 segment translation proceeds, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara / wierzyć
Transliteration: pistis / pisteuō
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 15:1-2,11 bookend the core passage: belief must be in the specific, recountable apostolic content Paul just summarized, not inherited Polish-Catholic religious identity. Also 2:5; 3:5; 13:2,13; 15:14,17.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 15:2 ties ongoing ‘zbawienie’ explicitly to holding fast the gospel content just described, not to sacramental status or national-religious belonging. Also 1:18; 10:33.
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 7:17-24 extends the noun to one’s life-situation at conversion, a fourth sense beyond the baseline’s three. Continue baseline caution against narrowing to powołanie kapłańskie/zakonne.
Saints
Approved rendering: święci
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Fellowship and Closing Greetings
Rejected alternatives: święci kanonizowani, czczeni i proszeni o wstawiennictwo
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Continue the baseline’s mandatory clarifying note distinguishing corporate sainthood from canonized/venerated figures at every occurrence (1:2; 6:1-2; 16:1,15), given Poland’s exceptional cultural prominence of canonized sainthood (Kolbe, Faustyna, John Paul II’s record canonizations).
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout, including ‘the Lord’s table’ (10:21) versus ‘the table of demons,’ and the full Lord’s Supper vocabulary (ch.11). Exclusive, supreme lordship must be preserved every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard across all Polish Bible traditions; no variant-form risk.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesjasz
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; rendering fixed exactly as ‘Mesjasz.’ Central to 15:3 (‘Chrystus umarł za nasze grzechy’). Per the baseline’s established transliteration standard, ‘Chrystus’ remains the fixed proper-name form used throughout (‘Jezus Chrystus’); ‘Mesjasz’ is reserved for contexts foregrounding the Anointed-One title itself.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: God’s Mysteries Revealed
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard and unambiguous throughout.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The Spirit and Human Wisdom
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to chs. 2 (revealer), 3 and 6 (indweller), 12 (gift-distributor), 14 (worship-order).
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: God’s Mysteries Revealed
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:3; 8:6 (‘one God, the Father’); 15:24 (Christ delivers the kingdom to God the Father).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Sanctification / Justification triad
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the washed/sanctified/justified triad of 6:11; preserve forensic standing distinct from moral achievement.
Justification
Approved rendering: usprawiedliwienie
Transliteration: dikaiōsis / edikaiōthēte
Doctrine: Sanctification / Justification triad
Rejected alternatives: stopniowe uświęcenie zamiast deklaracji prawnej
Original: δικαίωσις / ἐδικαιώθητε
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 6:11’s triad must be preserved as three distinct but united descriptions of one conversion event, not sequential stages requiring ongoing sacramental completion.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: zmartwychwstanie / zmartwychwstał
Transliteration: anastasis / egēgertai
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγήγερται
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Core-passage anchor term (15:4). Preserve the perfect tense’s sense of a completed act with abiding present reality where possible (‘zmartwychwstał’); passive voice implies the Father’s action, consistent with the baseline’s Romans 1:4 note. Extended in 15:12-58 to believers’ future resurrection — see the new term natural_spiritual_body for the distinct ‘spiritual body’ caution.
Redemption
Approved rendering: odkupienie / zostaliście kupieni za [wielką] cenę
Transliteration: ēgorasthēte timēs
Doctrine: Redemption: Bought with a Price
Rejected alternatives: wykupieni (alone, without cross-reference to Christ’s sacrifice)
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW CRITICAL TERM, not present in the baseline Romans package. 6:19-20; 7:23. Must not be rendered as a bare commercial transaction; must anchor explicitly to the costly, substitutionary weight of the cross underlying the believer’s belonging to God.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: Wieczerza Pańska
Transliteration: kyriakon deipnon
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: Eucharystia (imports full Catholic sacramental-theology freight not adjudicated by this curriculum), Komunia Święta (same risk as Eucharystia)
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Lord’s Supper
NEW HIGHEST-PRIORITY CRITICAL TERM. 11:20. ‘Wieczerza Pańska’ is the standard term shared across Polish Bible tradition, but the theological content diverges sharply between Catholic transubstantiation/re-presented-sacrifice doctrine and a memorial/spiritual-presence view more common in Protestant Polish tradition. Present 1 Corinthians 11’s own content (proclamation, self-examination, discerning the body, unity) without unilaterally resolving the transubstantiation debate. Mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence.
Do This In Remembrance
Approved rendering: to czyńcie na moją pamiątkę
Transliteration: touto poieite eis tēn emēn anamnēsin
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν
Category: Lord’s Supper
NEW CRITICAL TERM. 11:24-25. This exact phrase is embedded in the Polish Catholic Mass liturgy within a framework of sacramental re-presentation (anamnesis as making-present, not mere recollection). Clarify Paul’s immediate textual point — proclamation and self-examining remembrance until Christ returns (11:26) — without affirming or polemicizing against the sacramental question beyond the text.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: nie rozróżniając Ciała (Pańskiego)
Transliteration: diakrinōn to sōma
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
NEW CRITICAL TERM. 11:29. Directly implicated in Real-Presence vs. memorial debates; the referent (Eucharistic elements vs. the gathered church-body) is genuinely ambiguous among interpreters. Flag both readings per the baseline’s Ambiguity Handling protocol rather than resolving unilaterally.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: Ciało i Krew (Pańska)
Transliteration: sōma kai haima (tou kyriou)
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα (τοῦ κυρίου)
Category: Lord’s Supper
NEW CRITICAL TERM. 11:27. Same collision risk as discerning_the_body; capitalization and register conventions must be reviewed against established Polish Bible-translation precedent, not improvised.
Body Of Christ Ecclesial
Approved rendering: Ciało Chrystusa
Transliteration: sōma Christou
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
HIGHEST-PRIORITY COLLISION in this entire curriculum. 6:15; 12:12-27. ‘Ciało Chrystusa’ is the exact liturgical phrase spoken at every Catholic Mass during Communion (Eucharistic Real Presence) and the namesake of Poland’s major public holiday Boże Ciało (Corpus Christi). The ecclesial/metaphorical sense (the church as an interdependent organism) must be explicitly and repeatedly distinguished from the Eucharistic sense of ch.11 in every occurrence. Mandatory human theologian review.
Love
Approved rendering: miłość
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW CRITICAL TERM, not present in the baseline Romans package. 13:1-13. ‘Miłość’ spans the same broad range as English ‘love’ and risks collapse into romantic love (miłość romantyczna) or mere sentiment — reinforced by this chapter’s popularity as a Polish wedding reading. Must be explicitly taught as willed, active, self-giving, independent of feeling, and superior to all spiritual gifts and moral achievements (13:1-3) in essentially every doctrinally weighted occurrence.
Natural Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: ciało ziemskie (naturalne) / ciało duchowe
Transliteration: sōma psychikon / sōma pneumatikon
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ciało niematerialne (WRONG — implies non-physical; explicitly forbidden as a rendering or gloss)
Original: σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Eschatology
NEW CRITICAL TERM. 15:44. The single greatest distortion risk in ch.15 beyond the core passage: popular Polish usage of ‘duchowy’ tends toward the immaterial, but ‘spiritual’ here does NOT mean ‘non-physical.’ The resurrection body is genuinely bodily, Spirit-empowered, not disembodied. Requires theologian review and an explicit clarifying note every occurrence; pair the two halves of this term together, never split.
Died For Our Sins
Approved rendering: Chrystus umarł za nasze grzechy
Transliteration: Christos apethanen hyper tōn hamartiōn hēmōn
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:3. The preposition hyper (‘for’/‘on behalf of’) must retain its substitutionary, representative sense; must not be rendered as merely exemplary or sympathetic death.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 (core passage) this term anchors to the fixed, recountable creedal content Paul ‘received’ and ‘delivered’ (death-burial-resurrection-appearances, vv.3-8); must not be softened into a generic uplifting message. Also load-bearing at 1:17; 4:15; 9:12-18,23.
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace and Apostolic Ministry
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 15:10 (‘nie ja, lecz łaska Boża, która jest ze mną’) is a key illustrative grace-versus-merit text; the contrast must be unmistakable, resisting a synergistic softening. Also 1:3-4; 3:10; 16:23.
Called
Approved rendering: powołany
Transliteration: klētos / kaleisthai
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλεῖσθαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated to High for this curriculum. 1 Corinthians adds senses beyond Romans’ three (apostleship, sainthood, effectual calling): 7:17-24 uses ‘calling’ for one’s social/life-situation at conversion (married, slave/free); 15:9 uses the specific apostolic-office sense (‘called an apostle’). Mark the active sense explicitly per occurrence; never let it default to the Polish priestly/religious-vocation reading.
Holy
Approved rendering: święty
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: The Body as Temple of the Holy Spirit (Individual)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium; elevated to High here given expanded referents). Applies to believers (1:2), the corporate temple (3:16-17), the individual body (6:19), and the unbelieving spouse/children ‘made holy’ through a believing spouse (7:14) — this last sense requires careful distinction from personal salvation.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: uświęcenie / uświęceni
Transliteration: hagiasmos / hēgiasmenoi
Doctrine: Sanctification / Justification triad
Rejected alternatives: oczyszczenie pokutne, w tym poprzez czyściec
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιασμένοι
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 6:11’s washed/sanctified/justified triad must be preserved as three distinct but united descriptions of one conversion event, not sequential stages requiring ongoing sacramental completion (czyściec).
Covenant
Approved rendering: przymierze
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: umowa prawna
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 11:25 (‘this cup is the new covenant in my blood’) must be taught alongside the Lord’s Supper vocabulary as relational covenant renewal, not a mere legal contract.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boża
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Medium; elevated here). 1:18,24; 2:4-5; 4:20; 6:14. In 1 Corinthians the collision is with worldly rhetorical/political power (1:18-25), not occult force as in Romans 1:16 — note this distinct nuance for teaching.
Division Faction
Approved rendering: podziały
Transliteration: schisma
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: schizma (too narrowly institutional-denominational for the primary referent)
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. Theologically loaded given Poland’s own denominational landscape (Catholic majority; historic Protestant minorities; post-communist pluralism). Teach as intra-congregational rivalry over favored leaders/status (1:10-17; 3:1-9; 11:18-19), with the underlying principle extendable to, but never silently equated with, contemporary inter-denominational division.
Wisdom Of God
Approved rendering: mądrość (Boża)
Transliteration: sophia (theou)
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: filozofia (too narrowly academic)
Original: σοφία (θεοῦ)
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. Must not collapse into generic self-help wisdom-literature connotations; anchor specifically to Christ crucified (1:24,30) as contrasted with worldly/rhetorical wisdom throughout chs.1-3.
Cross
Approved rendering: krzyż
Transliteration: stauros
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: God
New term for this curriculum; lexically fixed in Polish Bible tradition, so risk is catechetical, not lexical. ‘Krzyż’ is a maximally saturated national-cultural symbol in Poland (home/school crucifixes, Katyń and Auschwitz memorial crosses, Solidarity-era and Smoleńsk-related cross controversies). Every occurrence requires an explicit redirect note anchoring it to 1:18-25’s specific argument: the cross as God’s chosen, once-scandalous means of saving power, not a generic patriotic or memorial symbol.
Temple Corporate
Approved rendering: świątynia (Kościoła/wspólnoty)
Transliteration: naos (theou)
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Temple (Corporate)
Rejected alternatives: kościół alone (ambiguous with the building)
Original: ναὸς (θεοῦ)
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. ‘Świątynia’ strongly evokes consecrated Catholic church buildings and the Eucharistic Real Presence resident in the tabernacle. Paul’s referent (3:16-17) is the corporate congregation, not a building. Never use bare ‘świątynia’; always qualify, and pair with a note distinguishing this corporate sense from the individual-body sense of 6:19.
Temple Of Holy Spirit Individual
Approved rendering: świątynia Ducha Świętego
Transliteration: naos tou hagiou Pneumatos
Doctrine: The Body as Temple of the Holy Spirit (Individual)
Original: ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. Parallels the corporate-temple collision risk (3:16-17) but for the individual believer’s body (6:19). Must be marked clearly as the individual sense every occurrence, distinct from the corporate congregation and from Eucharistic tabernacle associations attached to ‘świątynia’ in Polish Catholic usage.
Hand Over To Satan
Approved rendering: wydać Szatanowi
Transliteration: paradounai tō Satana
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: ekskomunikować (imports later canon-law procedural weight absent from the text)
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 5:5. Maps loosely onto formal ecclesiastical excommunication (ekskomunika), a recognized and historically weighty Catholic canonical procedure in Poland. Must be taught as restorative, not punitive-final, apostolic instruction — ‘that his spirit may be saved’ — not equated with canon-law excommunication.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: stół Pański / stół demonów
Transliteration: trapeza kyriou / trapeza daimoniōn
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: Covenant
New term for this curriculum. 10:21. Direct conceptual bridge to the Lord’s Supper (ch.11); render consistently with the Lord’s Supper vocabulary developed there to avoid introducing a separate, unrelated term for the same referent.
Headship
Approved rendering: głowa
Transliteration: kephalē
Doctrine: Headship and Order in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Lord’s Supper
New term for this curriculum. 11:3. Contested even among English interpreters (authority vs. source reading); the Polish rendering is lexically simple, but requires careful, non-reductive teaching avoiding both a harsh authoritarian reading and a dismissal of the text’s structural claim.
Spirit Baptism
Approved rendering: ochrzczeni w jednym Duchu
Transliteration: hen Pneuma ebaptisthēmen
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: ἓν Πνεῦμα ἐβαπτίσθημεν
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. 12:13. Must be clearly marked as the Spirit’s uniting work incorporating believers into the one body, not a claim about the sacramental rite of water baptism, given that ‘chrzest’ in Polish almost always refers first to infant water baptism.
Let Women Be Silent
Approved rendering: niech kobiety w zgromadzeniach milczą
Transliteration: gynaikes… sigatōsan
Doctrine: Women’s Silence in Worship
Original: γυναῖκες… σιγάτωσαν
Category: Order in Worship
New term for this curriculum. 14:34-35. Textually and interpretively contested (manuscript placement variation; interpretive disagreement over scope — disruptive-questioning restriction vs. blanket restriction). Present the interpretive options responsibly rather than adopting one reading silently, per the baseline’s Ambiguity Handling protocol.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: ostatni Adam
Transliteration: ho eschatos Adam
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:45. Requires the Adam-Christ typology (parallel to Romans 5, not itself present in the baseline Romans package’s term list) to be taught explicitly; connects directly to the deity-of-Christ and incarnation cautions already established for Romans.
Anathema
Approved rendering: niech będzie przeklęty / anatema
Transliteration: anathema
Doctrine: Anathema and Love for the Lord
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 16:22. ‘Anatema’ carries strong resonance with formal Catholic ecclesiastical anathemas historically pronounced against heretics; must be clearly anchored to Paul’s specific pastoral warning (love for the Lord as the non-negotiable mark of genuine faith) rather than invoked as, or confused with, formal excommunication procedure (cf. hand_over_to_satan, ch.5).
Handed Down Tradition
Approved rendering: przekazałem
Transliteration: paredōka
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Original: παρέδωκα
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:3. COLLISION RISK: paired with ‘przyjąłem’ (‘I received’), this transmission language closely parallels the vocabulary of Catholic Tradycja (Sacred Tradition), where apostolic tradition is held as a living, ongoing authoritative stream alongside Scripture. Must be taught as Paul transmitting a fixed, closed, apostolic-era creedal summary verifiable ‘according to the Scriptures’ (v.3-4), not warrant for an open-ended, continuing magisterial tradition equal in authority to the biblical text.
Appeared
Approved rendering: ukazał się
Transliteration: ōphthē
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wydawało się, że go widzieli (WRONG — implies a merely subjective impression)
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:5-8. Must preserve the sense of an objective, verifiable, embodied appearance of the risen Christ to named, checkable witnesses — not a vision, dream, or subjective inner experience — since Paul is building an evidentiary case.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: kościół
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Kościół jako jedyna prawowita instytucja hierarchiczna
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 15:9 (‘the church of God’ Paul persecuted) refers to the actual body of believers, not an institution. Also 1:2; 11:18; 12:28; 14:4-5,12,19,23,28,33-35; 16:1,19. Continue distinguishing the gathered congregation from the capitalized institutional ‘Kościół’ of Polish national life.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: królestwo Boże
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. 4:20; 6:9-10; 15:24,50 — includes both present ethical implications and future eschatological consummation (‘flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God’).
Sin
Approved rendering: grzech
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: drobne przewinienie (minimizing euphemism)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 15:3,17 — Christ died ‘for our sins’; if Christ has not risen, believers are still ‘in their sins.’ Also 6:18; 7:28,36; 8:12; 15:56.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dary duchowe
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Growing cultural relevance via the Catholic Charismatic Renewal (Odnowa w Duchu Świętym, chs.12-14); calibrate register to neither dismiss nor over-identify with that movement’s specific contemporary practice. Distinct from the marital/celibate ‘dar’ of 7:7 (see gift_marital_celibate).
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Inherited from Romans package. 10:31; 11:7,15; 15:40-41,43 (the resurrection body’s glory).
Foolishness
Approved rendering: głupstwo
Transliteration: mōria
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: absurd (too dismissive/comedic)
Original: μωρία
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. Preserve the paradox that worldly folly is in fact divine power (1:18-25); avoid a term implying literal irrationality.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: rozpusta / nierząd
Transliteration: porneia
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: drobne przewinienie (minimizing euphemism, per the baseline’s caution against minimizing renderings of grzech)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. Must convey serious moral transgression requiring church response (5:1; 6:13,18), not a minimized ‘indiscretion.‘
Leaven
Approved rendering: kwas / zakwas
Transliteration: zymē
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 5:6-8. Passover imagery requires Old Testament background; ordinary Polish readers’ more familiar bread-baking association must be supplemented with an explanatory note connecting to Christ as Paschal Lamb (5:7).
Marriage
Approved rendering: małżeństwo
Transliteration: gamos
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
New term for this curriculum. 7:1-9,38-39. Risk is catechetical: Polish Catholic sacramental theology of marriage (one of seven sacraments) may unintentionally overshadow Paul’s pragmatic, missionally-oriented pastoral counsel; teach as complementary to, not contradicting, sacramental marriage theology.
Virgin Unmarried
Approved rendering: dziewica / (osoba) niezamężna
Transliteration: parthenos
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
New term for this curriculum. 7:25-38. The referent shifts within the chapter between virgins specifically and the unmarried generally; requires per-verse clarification.
Gift Marital Celibate
Approved rendering: dar (od Boga)
Transliteration: charisma
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Marriage and Singleness
New term for this curriculum. 7:7. Related to but distinct from ‘dary duchowe’ (spiritual gifts proper, ch.12); must not be confused with, nor undercut, the specific charismata catalogued there.
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: pokarm ofiarowany bożkom
Transliteration: eidōlothyton
Doctrine: Idol Meat and Idolatry
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. 8:1-13; 10:14-33. No living modern Polish cultural parallel (no pagan temple markets); requires explanatory background note. Teach via principle-transfer (Christian liberty limited by love for weaker believers’ conscience) rather than literal cultural analogy.
Idol
Approved rendering: bożek / idol
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: Idol Meat and Idolatry
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. 8:4. Paul affirms ‘an idol is nothing in the world’ yet warns against complacency (10:14); both poles must be preserved.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: wiedza / poznanie
Transliteration: gnōsis
Doctrine: Idol Meat and Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: gnoza / gnostycyzm (imports an unrelated heretical technical sense from early church history)
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. 8:1-2, ‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.’ Paul’s usage here is positive-but-insufficient ordinary knowledge, not a rejection of true doctrine.
Conscience
Approved rendering: sumienie
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. 8:7,10,12; 10:25-29. ‘Sumienie’ is a familiar Catholic devotional term (rachunek sumienia); Paul’s social-relational application — protecting a weaker brother’s conscience through self-limited liberty — must not collapse into purely private penitential self-examination.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: zawada / powód do zgorszenia
Transliteration: proskomma / skandalon
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: πρόσκομμα / σκάνδαλον
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. 8:9,13. Liberty exercised without love becomes a stumbling block to weaker believers.
Right Liberty
Approved rendering: prawo / wolność
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Apostolic Rights and Self-Discipline
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. Load-bearing across chs. 8 (Christian liberty generally), 9 (Paul’s specific apostolic right, voluntarily forgone), and 10 (liberty limited by love); track the distinct nuance per chapter rather than collapsing into one undifferentiated gloss.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: bałwochwalstwo
Transliteration: eidōlolatria
Doctrine: Idol Meat and Idolatry
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum. 10:7,14. Must target literal worship of false gods per Paul’s argument; must not be extended polemically to Catholic veneration of images/relics, which Catholic doctrine itself distinguishes (latria/dulia) from idol worship.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: zakrywać/nakrywać głowę; z odkrytą głową
Transliteration: katakalyptomai / akatakalyptos
Doctrine: Headship and Order in Worship
Original: κατακαλύπτομαι / ἀκατακάλυπτος
Category: Lord’s Supper
New term for this curriculum. 11:4-16. No living contemporary practice in ordinary Polish worship; the historical Catholic chapel-veil/kerchief custom, largely defunct since Vatican II-era changes, may serve as a cautious explanatory bridge only, not a live contemporary equivalence.
Manifestation Of Spirit
Approved rendering: przejaw Ducha
Transliteration: phanerōsis tou Pneumatos
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: objawienie Ducha (risks confusion with the technical Catholic term for divine Revelation)
Original: φανέρωσις τοῦ Πνεύματος
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. 12:7. ‘Przejaw Ducha’ (manifestation/expression) is the safer rendering to avoid conflation with ‘Objawienie’ as a technical term.
Tongues
Approved rendering: języki
Transliteration: glōssai
Doctrine: Charismatic Gifts and Tongues
Original: γλῶσσαι
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New term for this curriculum. 12:10,28,30; chs.13-14. Overlaps with the active Catholic Charismatic Renewal (Odnowa w Duchu Świętym); calibrate register to neither dismiss nor over-identify with that movement’s specific contemporary practice.
Mystery
Approved rendering: tajemnica
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: God’s Mysteries Revealed
Original: μυστήριον
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. 2:1,7; 4:1; 15:51. ‘Tajemnica’ carries strong sacramental-mystery connotations in Catholic usage (tajemnice Różańca, tajemnica wiary at Mass); anchor to a truth once hidden, now openly disclosed in the gospel, not an ongoing devotional mystery contemplated apart from propositional content.
Spiritual Person
Approved rendering: duchowy
Transliteration: pneumatikos
Doctrine: The Spirit and Human Wisdom
Original: πνευματικός
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. 2:13-15. Must be distinguished from generic New Age ‘duchowość’ (spirituality) vocabulary increasingly present in Polish popular culture; here it means Spirit-indwelt and Spirit-taught specifically.
Natural Person
Approved rendering: cielesny / bez Ducha (człowiek naturalny)
Transliteration: psychikos
Doctrine: The Spirit and Human Wisdom
Original: ψυχικός
Category: God
New term for this curriculum. 2:14. Avoid a term implying merely intellectual deficiency; this is a spiritual incapacity apart from the Spirit’s illumination, not a claim about intelligence.
Carnal
Approved rendering: cielesny
Transliteration: sarkikos
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum. 3:1-3. Distinguish from psychikos (ch.2, the unregenerate natural person): this describes immature believers behaving in an unspiritual way, a distinct pastoral category from unbelief.
Hope
Approved rendering: nadzieja
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: optymizm (too weak/secular)
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term for this curriculum. 13:13. Must convey confident eschatological expectation, not mere secular optimism.
The Perfect
Approved rendering: to, co jest doskonałe/pełne
Transliteration: to teleion
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: doskonałość alone (risks a moral-perfectionism reading)
Original: τὸ τέλειον
Category: Faith
New term for this curriculum. 13:10. Refers to the eschatological consummation, not present-life moral perfectionism; must not be confused with the Catholic devotional concept of ‘dążenie do doskonałości’ as an ongoing this-life project.
Interpretation Of Tongues
Approved rendering: wykładanie / tłumaczenie (języków)
Transliteration: hermēneia / diermēneuō
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: ἑρμηνεία / διερμηνεύω
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New term for this curriculum. 14:5,13,27-28. Keep terminology consistent with ‘języki’ (ch.12) throughout.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: pierwociny
Transliteration: aparchē
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 15:20,23. Requires agricultural/Old Testament sacrificial background explanation; conveys guarantee, not mere temporal priority.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: zniszczalny / niezniszczalny
Transliteration: phthartos / aphthartos
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 15:42,50-54. Standard, low-ambiguity pairing.
We Will Be Changed
Approved rendering: zostaniemy przemienieni
Transliteration: allagēsometha
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: zostaniemy zdematerializowani or similar (WRONG — implies disembodiment; forbidden)
Original: ἀλλαγησόμεθα
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 15:51-52. Ties directly to the natural_spiritual_body caution: this is transformation, not disembodiment.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: pocałunek święty
Transliteration: philēma hagion
Doctrine: Fellowship and Closing Greetings
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 16:20. Not a living greeting custom in contemporary Poland; requires a cultural-background note so the meaning (warm, familial greeting among believers) transfers even where the specific gesture does not.
Received Tradition
Approved rendering: przyjęliście / przyjąłem
Transliteration: parelabete / parelabon
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Original: παρελάβετε / παρέλαβον
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:1,3. Must convey active reception of a defined, transmitted content, not a subjective ‘welcoming’ of feelings.
According To Scriptures
Approved rendering: według Pism
Transliteration: kata tas graphas
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Original: κατὰ τὰς γραφάς
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:3-4. Requires Old Testament background (Isaiah 53, Psalm 16) many culturally Catholic but non-catechized Polish readers may lack.
Fell Asleep
Approved rendering: zasnęli
Transliteration: ekoimēthēsan
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: umarli (neutral ‘died,’ flattening the resurrection-hope euphemism)
Original: ἐκοιμήθησαν
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 15:6,18,20,51. Must be preserved deliberately as a euphemism carrying resurrection-hope freight (death as temporary, not final).
One Untimely Born
Approved rendering: jak ten, który się narodził nie w swoim czasie
Transliteration: tō ektrōmati
Doctrine: Grace and Apostolic Ministry
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘least of these’ humility language (too smooth; loses the jarring obstetric image)
Original: τῷ ἐκτρώματι
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:8. A distinct self-abasing metaphor tied specifically to Paul’s abrupt, grace-initiated conversion (Acts 9), not low self-esteem language generally.
Preach Proclaim
Approved rendering: głosimy
Transliteration: kēryssomen
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Rejected alternatives: opowiadamy (too soft; understates the proclamation’s authority)
Original: κηρύσσομεν
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:11. Must preserve the authoritative-herald force of a public, official announcement.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostoł
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Grace and Apostolic Ministry
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 15:5-9 distinguishes ‘the Twelve’ from the wider circle of ‘all the apostles,’ including Paul’s self-deprecating claim to the title (v.9) despite his ‘untimely’ calling. Also 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-5; 12:28-29.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: wspólnota
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Fellowship and Closing Greetings
Rejected alternatives: świętych obcowanie (specific creedal formula)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package at Low risk for general use (1:9; 10:20). CONTEXTUAL ELEVATION TO HIGH at 10:16, where koinōnia describes participation in Christ’s blood/body via the cup/bread — approaching the Catholic technical term ‘Komunia.’ Flag 10:16 specifically for theologian review.
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Charismatic Gifts and Tongues
Inherited from Romans package. 12:28-29; 14:29,32,37 — the prophetic gift among the charismata.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: proroctwo
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Charismatic Gifts and Tongues
Inherited from Romans package. 12:10; 13:2,8-9; 14:1-40 — preferred over uninterpreted tongues for edification.
Members Of The Body
Approved rendering: członkowie / członki (ciała)
Transliteration: melē
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλη
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 12:12-27. Standard, low-risk term for individual members within the body metaphor.
Steward
Approved rendering: zarządca
Transliteration: oikonomos
Doctrine: God’s Mysteries Revealed
Rejected alternatives: szafarz (carries Catholic liturgical resonance — szafarz Eucharystii, extraordinary minister of Communion)
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 4:1-2. Neutral ‘zarządca’ is preferred to avoid narrowing the term to the specific Eucharistic-minister liturgical office.
Edification
Approved rendering: budowanie (Kościoła/wspólnoty)
Transliteration: oikodomē / oikodomeō
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: οἰκοδομή / οἰκοδομέω
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. Continuous metaphor across chs.3, 8, 10, 14, governing the purpose of gifts and worship practice.
Order
Approved rendering: porządek
Transliteration: taxis
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: τάξις
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 14:40, ‘let all things be done decently and in order.‘
Immortality
Approved rendering: nieśmiertelność
Transliteration: athanasia
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀθανασία
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 15:53-54. Standard term; minimal risk.
Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: żądło (śmierci)
Transliteration: to kentron (tou thanatou)
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: τὸ κέντρον (τοῦ θανάτου)
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 15:55-56. Standard image; minimal risk.
Victory
Approved rendering: zwycięstwo
Transliteration: nikos
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: νῖκος
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. 15:54,57. Standard term; minimal risk.
Collection For Saints
Approved rendering: zbiórka (dla świętych)
Transliteration: logia
Doctrine: Fellowship and Closing Greetings
Original: λογία
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum. 16:1-2. Standard term; minimal risk. Note the reuse of the baseline-cautioned ‘święci’ within this compound.
Marana Tha
Approved rendering: Marana tha (Przyjdź, Panie!)
Transliteration: Marana tha
Doctrine: Fellowship and Closing Greetings
Original: Μαράνα θά
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 16:22. Preserve the Aramaic transliteration per the baseline’s own precedent for ‘Abba,’ paired with a Polish gloss.
Buried
Approved rendering: został pogrzebany
Transliteration: etaphē
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἐτάφη
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum. 15:4. Establishes the reality of Christ’s death against docetic minimization; low ambiguity.
Referenced passages