Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Matthew (English → Polish)
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the entire book of Matthew. It is organized by the curriculum’s nine Bible Doctrines, followed by a consolidated table of terms reused exactly from the baseline Romans translation_memory.json, and closing risk-tier statistics.
Enforcement rule: any term marked “TM reuse” below is already present in the baseline translation_memory.json and MUST be used with its exact recorded Polish rendering in all Matthew materials. All other terms below are new proposals for translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json / doctrine_risk_registry.json inclusion in Phase 1 Step 2.
1. The Kingdom of Heaven
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kingdom_of_heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν | królestwo niebieskie | High | Matt 3:2; 4:17; 5:3, 10, 19-20; 13 (parables); 18:1-4; 19:14, 23-24 | NEW. Synonymous with baseline kingdom_of_god (królestwo Boże, Medium) — Matthew’s preferred phrase, not a separate kingdom. Rejected: treating “niebo” as exclusively a post-mortem destination, obscuring the present, in-breaking reign. |
kingdom_of_god (Matthean occurrences) | βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ | królestwo Boże | Medium (baseline) | Matt 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31, 43 | (TM reuse) — must be taught as identical in referent to kingdom_of_heaven above. |
mysteries_of_the_kingdom | μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν | tajemnice królestwa niebieskiego | High | Matt 13:11 | NEW. Distinguish from the sacramental sense of “tajemnica” in Catholic usage (compatible but distinct). |
synteleia_tou_aionos | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος | koniec świata | High | Matt 13:39-40; 24:3; 28:20 | NEW. Colloquial Polish “koniec świata” (used hyperbolically for any disaster) risks trivializing the specific eschatological referent: the end of the present age, not cosmic annihilation. |
great_commission (kingdom-mission dimension) | βασιλεία…πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | królestwo…wszystkie narody | Critical | Matt 24:14; 28:19 | See Great Commission section below. |
2. Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
messiah | Χριστός / Μεσσίας | Mesjasz | Critical (baseline) | Matt 1:1, 16-17; 16:16; 22:42; 26:63 | (TM reuse) baseline messiah. |
christ_title | Χριστός | Chrystus | Critical | Matt 1:1, 16, 18; throughout as part of the name “Jezus Chrystus” | NEW — alternate valid rendering of Χριστός when functioning within the fixed name “Jezus Chrystus” rather than as an explicitly unpacked title; must retain full messianic force in either form. Never treat as a mere surname. |
son_of_david | υἱὸς Δαβίδ | Syn Dawida | Critical | Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9, 15; 22:42-45 | NEW. Cross-reference baseline david (Low) and messiah (Critical) — the compound title itself carries dynastic-messianic claim, not mere ancestry. |
david | Δαβίδ | Dawid | Low (baseline) | Matt 1:1, 6, 17, 20; 9:27; 12:3; 22:43-45 | (TM reuse) baseline david. |
lord_ps110 | Κύριος τῷ Δαβίδ | Pan Dawida | Critical | Matt 22:44-45 | Combines baseline lord (Critical) with Son of David doctrine — proof that the Messiah is greater than, not merely descended from, David. |
3. Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fulfillment_formula | ἵνα/ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου | aby się wypełniło, co powiedziano przez proroka | High | Matt 1:22; 2:15, 17, 23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 27:9 | NEW — structural, recurring formula; requires OT background provision for readers without catechetical grounding (cf. baseline fulfillment_of_prophecy, Medium; elevated to High here given Matthew’s structural reliance on it). |
prophet / prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | prorok / proroctwo | Low (baseline) | throughout | (TM reuse) baseline prophet, prophecy. |
sign_of_jonah | σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ | znak Jonasza | Medium-High | Matt 12:39-41; 16:4 | NEW. Typological; requires Jonah narrative background. |
rejected_stone | λίθος…κεφαλὴν γωνίας | kamień odrzucony…kamień węgielny | Medium-High | Matt 21:42 | NEW. Requires Psalm 118 background. |
4. The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
exousia | ἐξουσία | władza | High (Critical at 28:18) | Matt 7:29; 9:6, 8; 10:1; 21:23-27; 28:18 | NEW. Distinguish Jesus’ own/derived authority from later institutional-ecclesial authority claims; do not diminish to personal charisma alone. |
authoritative_teaching | ἐδίδασκεν…οὐχ ὡς οἱ γραμματεῖς | nauczał…nie jak uczeni w Piśmie | Medium | Matt 5:2; 7:28-29 | NEW. |
paradosis_ton_presbyteron | παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων | tradycja przodków/starszych | Critical | Matt 15:2-6 | NEW. Must be explicitly distinguished from capital-T Sacred Tradition (Tradycja) in Catholic theology; this is human/rabbinic tradition critiqued by Jesus, not a general argument against church Tradition as a category. |
5. Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
righteousness (Matthean ethical sense) | δικαιοσύνη | sprawiedliwość | Critical | Matt 5:6, 10, 20; 6:1, 33 | (TM reuse rendering, new sense-note) baseline righteousness term is reused exactly, but Matthew’s ethical/kingdom-conduct sense must be distinguished from Paul’s forensic/imputed sense (baseline imputed_righteousness) without contradicting it — both are valid biblical registers of the same Polish word. Requires explicit dual-register teaching note. |
hypocrites | ὑποκριταί | obłudnicy | Medium | Matt 6:2, 5, 16; 15:7; 23:13-29 | NEW. Established BT rendering. |
perfect_teleios | τέλειος | doskonały | High | Matt 5:48; 19:21 | NEW. Risk of works-righteousness misreading; anchor to indiscriminate love (5:44-48) and costly discipleship (19:21), not sinless self-achievement. |
pharisees_scribes | Φαρισαῖοι, γραμματεῖς, Σαδδουκαῖοι | Faryzeusze, uczeni w Piśmie, Saduceusze | Low | throughout | NEW proper/group nouns; standard transliterated forms. |
6. The Church and Church Discipline
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
church | ἐκκλησία | kościół | Medium (baseline) | Matt 16:18; 18:17 | (TM reuse) baseline church — but see Critical cross-reference below for 16:18’s Petrine-primacy collision. |
church_on_the_rock | ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν | na tej skale zbuduję Kościół mój | Critical | Matt 16:18 | NEW. Major denominational collision point (Catholic Petrine-primacy/papal-succession reading vs. Protestant confession/Christ-as-rock reading). Human theologian review mandatory at every occurrence; present text’s own wordplay without silently resolving the historic debate. |
keys_of_the_kingdom | κλεῖδας τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν | klucze królestwa niebieskiego | Critical | Matt 16:19 | NEW. Underlies the papal “power of the keys”; must not default exclusively to this institutional reading nor be flattened to avoid it. |
bind_and_loose | δέω / λύω | związać / rozwiązać | Critical | Matt 16:19; 18:18 | NEW. Connects to Catholic sacramental absolution; in Matt 18 context, applied to the congregation’s corporate discipline decision, not solely an individual clerical office. |
church_discipline | ἐὰν ἁμαρτήσῃ εἰς σὲ ὁ ἀδελφός σου…εἰπὲ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ | jeśli twój brat zgrzeszy…powiedz Kościołowi/wspólnocie | Critical | Matt 18:15-17 | NEW. Congregational, non-clerical process; a structural collision with the individual, priest-mediated Sacrament of Reconciliation as the primary Polish Catholic model for addressing sin. |
gathered_in_my_name | συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα | zebrani w imię moje | Medium | Matt 18:20 | NEW. Preserve original church-discipline context alongside its broader devotional popular use. |
unlimited_forgiveness | ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά | siedemdziesiąt siedem razy / siedemdziesiąt razy siedem | Medium | Matt 18:22 | NEW. Genuine numeric ambiguity (77 vs. 490); flag both candidates, doctrinal point (limitless forgiveness) unaffected. |
7. The Great Commission
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
great_commission | πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | idźcie, czyńcie uczniami wszystkie narody | Critical | Matt 28:19-20 | NEW. ἔθνη here = narody (“nations/peoples”), never poganie (“pagans”) — cross-reference baseline gentiles rejected-connotation note. |
make_disciples | μαθητεύω | czynić uczniami | Critical | Matt 28:19 | NEW. Active, transformative verb — must not be diluted to “inform/teach about,” nor narrowed to a specialized missionary-clergy task (cf. baseline mission note on narrow/colonial framing risk). |
disciple | μαθητής | uczeń | Medium | Matt 5:1; 10:1; 28:19 | NEW. Risk of narrowing to school-pupil/catechesis-recipient sense; must retain the full weight of costly personal following developed across chs. 4, 10, 16, 19. |
baptize | βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα | chrzcić / chrzest | Critical (by association) | Matt 3:6, 11, 13-16; 28:19 | NEW — shared vocabulary with the baseline salvation-automaticity warning: baptism must follow, not substitute for, disciple-making and ongoing obedience-teaching; not an isolated automatically-salvific rite (cf. baseline salvation, Critical). |
all_authority | πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς | wszelka władza w niebie i na ziemi | Critical | Matt 28:18 | NEW — climactic occurrence of exousia (see Authority section); grounds the whole Commission in Christ’s own universal authority. |
emmanuel_inclusio | ἐγὼ μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰμι…ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος | Ja jestem z wami…aż do skończenia świata | High | Matt 1:23; 28:20 | NEW — closing inclusio with the Incarnation doctrine’s opening statement. |
8. Judgment and the End of the Age
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
parousia | παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | przyjście Syna Człowieczego | High | Matt 24:3, 27, 37, 39 | NEW. “Przyjście” preferred for readability over transliterated “paruzja”; must retain definite, future, visible-return sense. |
son_of_man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | Syn Człowieczy | Critical | Matt 8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:13, 27-28; 24:27-44; 25:31; 26:64 | NEW. Combines Daniel 7 exaltation-authority with humble humanity; must not collapse into either “merely human” or a duplicate of “Son of God.” |
great_tribulation | θλῖψις μεγάλη | wielki ucisk | Medium | Matt 24:21 | NEW. |
false_christs_prophets | ψευδόχριστοι καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται | fałszywi mesjasze i fałszywi prorocy | High | Matt 24:24 | NEW, by association with baseline messiah (Critical). |
sheep_and_goats | πρόβατα…ἐρίφια | owce…kozły | Critical | Matt 25:31-46 | NEW. |
eternal_punishment_life | κόλασιν αἰώνιον…ζωὴν αἰώνιον | kara wieczna…życie wieczne | Critical | Matt 25:46 | NEW. Symmetrical grammatical force must be preserved; guard against pastoral softening of eternal punishment while affirming eternal life. |
blasphemy_against_spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | bluźnierstwo przeciw Duchowi Świętemu | Critical | Matt 12:31-32 | NEW. Requires explicit pastoral note against inducing false despair. |
sin | ἁμαρτία | grzech | Medium (baseline) | Matt 1:21; 3:6; 9:2-6; 26:28 | (TM reuse) baseline sin. |
9. Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
| Term ID | Greek | Polish rendering | Risk | Key passages | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
follow_akoloutheo | ἀκολουθέω | iść za [Jezusem] / pójść za Nim | High | Matt 4:20, 22; 8:19, 22-23; 9:9; 19:27-28 | NEW. Central discipleship verb; active, costly allegiance, not passive admiration. |
cross_bearing | ἆραι/βαστάζειν τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ | wziąć/nosić swój krzyż | Critical | Matt 10:38; 16:24 | NEW. Fully secularized Polish idiom risk (“nosić swój krzyż” = “endure any life burden,” divorced from Christ); must be taught as costly, Christ-specific, potentially fatal allegiance. |
deny_himself | ἀπαρνήσηται/ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτόν | zaprze się samego siebie | Medium | Matt 10:33; 16:24; 26:34-75 (Peter’s failure) | NEW. |
lose_find_life | ἀπολέσαι/εὑρεῖν τὴν ψυχήν | zgubić/odnaleźć swoje życie | High | Matt 10:39; 16:25 | NEW. Prefer życie (life) over duszę (soul) to avoid body/soul dualism displacing the holistic sense. |
ransom | λύτρον | okup | Critical | Matt 20:28 | NEW — distinct from baseline’s Romans-derived atonement vocabulary; costly, substitutionary “in place of many,” not vague general helpfulness. |
divorce_exception_clause | πορνεία | nierząd (porneia) | Critical | Matt 19:9 | NEW. Major pastoral/doctrinal collision (Catholic indissolubility/annulment framework vs. Protestant divorce-remarriage readings); present text without silently resolving the historic debate. |
words_of_institution | τὸ σῶμά μου…τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης | Ciało moje…Krew moja Przymierza | Critical | Matt 26:26-28 | NEW. Underlies Eucharist/transubstantiation doctrine central to Polish Catholic worship; teach text’s own words without presupposing or foreclosing a specific denominational sacramental doctrine. |
palingenesia | παλιγγενεσία | odnowienie [wszystkiego] | High | Matt 19:28 | NEW. Cosmic/eschatological renewal; do not conflate with individual “born again” regeneration. |
faith_little_faith | πίστις / ὀλιγόπιστος | wiara / małej wiary | Critical / High | Matt 8:10, 26; 14:31; 17:20 | (TM reuse root) baseline faith; ὀλιγόπιστος is a NEW compound entry — gentle correction of wavering faith, not condemnation of unbelief. |
metanoia | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | nawrócenie / nawracać się | Critical | Matt 3:2, 8; 4:17; 11:20-21; 12:41 | NEW. EXPLICITLY REJECTED alternative: “pokuta/czynić pokutę” as primary rendering — risks collapsing whole-life reorientation into the ritual Sacrament of Penance alone. |
Consolidated Table: Baseline Romans TM Terms Reused in Matthew
The following baseline terms recur across Matthew and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded in translation_memory.json. No new risk assessment is proposed; baseline notes apply without modification.
| Term ID | Polish rendering | Baseline risk | Representative Matthew passages |
|---|---|---|---|
god | Bóg | Critical | throughout |
jesus | Jezus | Critical | throughout |
father | Ojciec | Critical | Matt 5–7 (Sermon); 6:9; 11:25-27; 28:19 |
holy_spirit | Duch Święty | Critical | Matt 1:18, 20; 3:11, 16; 12:28, 31-32; 28:19 |
lord | Pan | Critical | Matt 7:21-22; 8:2, 25; 12:8; 22:44-45 |
son_of_god | Syn Boży | Critical | Matt 3:17; 14:33; 16:16; 26:63; 27:54 |
messiah | Mesjasz | Critical | Matt 1:1, 16-17; 16:16; 22:42; 26:63 |
salvation | zbawienie | Critical | Matt 1:21; 10:22; 19:25; 24:13 |
sin | grzech | Medium | Matt 1:21; 3:6; 9:2-6; 26:28 |
righteousness | sprawiedliwość | Critical | Matt 5:6, 10, 20; 6:1, 33 |
faith | wiara | Critical | Matt 8:10, 26; 9:2, 22, 29; 14:31; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21 |
gentiles | poganie | Medium | Matt 4:15; 6:32; 10:5, 18; 12:18-21; 20:19, 25 (note: 28:19’s ἔθνη = narody, not poganie) |
covenant | przymierze | High | Matt 26:28 |
election | wybranie | High | Matt 22:14; 24:22, 24, 31 |
called / calling | powołany / powołanie | High/Critical | Matt 22:14 |
resurrection | zmartwychwstanie | Critical | Matt 17 (foreshadow); 22:23-32; 27–28 |
church | kościół | Medium | Matt 16:18; 18:17 |
kingdom_of_god | królestwo Boże | Medium | Matt 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31, 43 |
law | Prawo | High | Matt 5:17-18; 7:12; 11:13; 22:36, 40; 23:23 |
prophet / prophecy | prorok / proroctwo | Low | throughout (fulfillment citations) |
david | Dawid | Low | Matt 1; 9:27; 12:3; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9; 22:42-45 |
israel | Izrael | Low | Matt 2:6, 20-21; 8:10; 9:33; 10:6, 23; 15:24; 19:28; 27:9, 42 |
glory | chwała | Medium | Matt 16:27; 19:28; 24:30; 25:31 |
adoption (sons of God, believers) | usynowienie | Medium | Matt 5:9, 45 |
thanksgiving | dziękczynienie | Low | Matt 14:19; 15:36; 26:27 |
apostle | apostoł | Medium | Matt 10:2 |
peace | pokój | Medium | Matt 5:9; 10:13, 34 |
power_of_god (δύναμις, general) | moc Boża | Medium | Matt 22:29; 24:30; 26:64 |
holy | święty | Medium | Matt 4:5 (“holy city”); 7:6; 27:52-53 |
incarnation (doctrine, not lexeme) | wcielenie | High | Matt 1:18-25 |
Risk-Tier Summary (Matthew-specific new terms)
| Risk Tier | Count of NEW Matthew terms | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 17 | Human theologian (mandatory every occurrence) |
| High | 12 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 14 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 3 | Automated review |
Terms requiring mandatory human theologian review at every single occurrence (highest-sensitivity collision points):
church_on_the_rock(Matt 16:18) — Petrine primacy / papal successionkeys_of_the_kingdomandbind_and_loose(Matt 16:19; 18:18) — sacramental absolution / papal keyschurch_discipline(Matt 18:15-17) — congregational vs. clerical-sacramental processdivorce_exception_clause(Matt 19:9) — indissolubility/annulment vs. divorce-remarriagewords_of_institution(Matt 26:26-28) — Eucharist/transubstantiationmetanoia(Matt 3:2; 4:17) — conversion vs. Sacrament of Penancecross_bearing(Matt 10:38; 16:24) — secularized Polish idiom driftransom(Matt 20:28) — substitutionary atonement precisioneternal_punishment_life(Matt 25:46) — symmetrical eternal-destiny doctrineson_of_man(throughout) — Danielic/exalted vs. merely-human misreading
This glossary feeds directly into Phase 1 Step 2’s extension of translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json for the Matthew curriculum.
Critical Risk Terms
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesjasz
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. In Matthew, unpack explicitly as title at 1:1, 1:16-17, 16:16, 22:42, 26:63 rather than allowing it to read as a mere name component.
Christ Title
Approved rendering: Chrystus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: Chrystus jako samo imię/nazwisko bez mocy tytularnej
NEW. Both ‘Mesjasz’ and ‘Chrystus’ are valid Polish renderings of Χριστός depending on syntactic function; neither may be treated as a mere surname stripped of messianic force. Occurs Matt 1:1, 1:16, 1:18, and throughout as part of the fixed name ‘Jezus Chrystus.‘
Son Of David
Approved rendering: Syn Dawida
Transliteration: huios Dabid
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: potomek Dawida’ bez zaznaczenia dynastyczno-mesjańskiego roszczenia
NEW. Dynastic-messianic title, not mere genealogical trivia. Matt 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9, 15; 22:42-45. Requires explicit 2 Samuel 7 background teaching note.
Lord Ps110
Approved rendering: Pan Dawida
Transliteration: Kyrios tō Dabid
Doctrine: Christology
NEW. Matt 22:44-45. Psalm 110-derived argument that the Messiah outranks, not merely descends from, David; combines baseline ‘Pan’ (Critical) with the Son of David doctrine.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boży
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: syn Boży w sensie ogólnym, stosowanym do każdego wierzącego
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 3:17; 14:33; 16:16; 26:63; 27:54. Must never blur with the plural, lower-case ‘synowie Boży’ language applied to believers at Matt 5:9, 45.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Syn Człowieczy
Transliteration: huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: zwykły człowiek (utrata odniesienia do Daniela 7), zduplikowanie z tytułem ‘Syn Boży’
NEW. Draws on Daniel 7’s exalted heavenly figure while carrying overtones of humble, suffering humanity. Highest-frequency Critical Christological title in Matthew: 8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:13, 27-28; 17:9, 22; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27-44; 25:31; 26:2, 24, 45, 64. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Emmanuel
Approved rendering: Emmanuel…Bóg z nami
Transliteration: Emmanouēl…meth’ hēmōn ho Theos
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: Bóg jest po naszej stronie’ (sentymentalne osłabienie ontologicznego roszczenia)
NEW. Matt 1:23, echoed at 28:20, forming an inclusio. Must retain the full ontological claim that God himself is personally present in Jesus.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged; no variant-form risk.
All Authority
Approved rendering: dana Mi jest wszelka władza w niebie i na ziemi
Transliteration: edothē moi pasa exousia en ouranō kai epi gēs
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
NEW. Matt 28:18. Climactic occurrence of exousia; grounds the Great Commission entirely in Christ’s own universal authority, not the church’s independent initiative.
Paradosis Ton Presbyteron
Approved rendering: tradycja przodków / starszych
Transliteration: hē paradosis tōn presbyterōn
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: identyfikacja z katolicką Tradycją jako kategorią współautorytatywną z Pismem
NEW. Matt 15:2-6, 9. Must be explicitly distinguished from the capitalized Sacred Tradition (Tradycja) of Catholic theology; critiques a specific human, rabbinic tradition, not the concept of church Tradition as such. Mandatory disambiguating note at 15:2.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
Same Polish word as baseline righteousness (Paul’s forensic/imputed sense in Romans, Critical); in Matthew (5:6, 10, 20; 6:1, 33) carries the ethical/kingdom-conduct sense — right living flowing from the heart, exceeding external Pharisaic performance. Requires an explicit dual-register teaching note distinguishing, without contradicting, the two valid biblical senses of the same Polish word.
Church On The Rock
Approved rendering: Ty jesteś Piotr, i na tej skale zbuduję Kościół mój
Transliteration: sy ei Petros, kai epi tautē tē petra oikodomēsō mou tēn ekklēsian
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: przyjęcie interpretacji sukcesji papieskiej jako jedynej właściwej, bez przedstawienia zakresu historycznej debaty, całkowite pominięcie gry słów Piotr/skała, by uniknąć kontrowersji
NEW. Matt 16:18. Major denominational collision point (Petrine primacy/papal succession), of exceptional weight in Poland via John Paul II. The Πέτρος/πέτρα pun is invisible in Polish orthography and must be supplied by an explicit translator’s note. Human theologian review mandatory at every occurrence.
Keys Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: klucze królestwa niebieskiego
Transliteration: dōsō soi tas kleidas tēs basileias tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
NEW. Matt 16:19. Underlies the papal ‘power of the keys’ (władza kluczy) on the Vatican coat of arms; must not default exclusively to this institutional reading nor be flattened to avoid it.
Bind And Loose
Approved rendering: związać / rozwiązać
Transliteration: deō / lyō
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
NEW. Matt 16:19; 18:18. Connects to Catholic sacramental absolution; at 18:18 applied to the congregation’s corporate discipline decision, not solely an individual clerical office.
Church Discipline
Approved rendering: jeśli twój brat zgrzeszy przeciw tobie…powiedz Kościołowi/wspólnocie
Transliteration: ean hamartēsē eis se ho adelphos sou…eipe tē ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
NEW. Matt 18:15-17. Congregational, non-clerical process; a significant structural collision with the individual, priest-mediated Sacrament of Reconciliation dominant in Polish Catholic practice for addressing sin.
Great Commission
Approved rendering: idźcie, czyńcie uczniami wszystkie narody
Transliteration: poreuthentes…mathēteusate panta ta ethnē
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: poganie’ jako tłumaczenie ἔθνη w tym miejscu
NEW. Matt 28:19-20. ἔθνη must render as ‘narody’ (‘nations/peoples’), never ‘poganie’ (‘pagans’) — cross-reference baseline gentiles rejected-connotation note.
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: czynić uczniami
Transliteration: mathēteuō
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: informowanie/nauczanie o Jezusie bez formacji ucznia, zadanie zarezerwowane wyłącznie dla duchowieństwa misyjnego
NEW. Matt 28:19. Active, transformative verb; must not be diluted to ‘inform/teach about,’ nor narrowed to a specialized missionary-clergy task.
Baptize
Approved rendering: chrzcić / chrzest
Transliteration: baptizō / baptisma
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: chrzest jako izolowany, automatycznie zbawiający obrzęd
NEW, Critical by association with the baseline’s Critical salvation-automaticity warning. Matt 3:6, 11, 13-16; 28:19. Must follow, not substitute for, disciple-making and ongoing obedience-teaching.
Sheep And Goats
Approved rendering: owce…kozły
Transliteration: probata…eriphia
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
NEW. Matt 25:31-46. Final separation of humanity into two eternal destinies based on evidenced response to Christ; must not be softened into a general humanitarian ethic divorced from relationship to Christ.
Eternal Punishment Life
Approved rendering: kara wieczna…życie wieczne
Transliteration: kolasin aiōnion…zōēn aiōnion
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
NEW. Matt 25:46. Must preserve the full symmetrical grammatical force of the single Greek adjective modifying both nouns; guard against pastoral softening of eternal punishment while affirming eternal life.
Blasphemy Against Spirit
Approved rendering: bluźnierstwo przeciw Duchowi Świętemu
Transliteration: blasphēmia eis to Pneuma to Hagion
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
NEW. Matt 12:31-32. Requires explicit pastoral note: genuine repentant fear of having committed this sin is itself evidence one has not; must not induce false despair.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: zmartwychwstanie
Transliteration: anastasis / ēgerthē
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 17 (foreshadowing); 22:23-32; 27-28, the narrative and theological climax vindicating every prior Christological claim in Matthew.
Cross Bearing
Approved rendering: wziąć/nosić swój krzyż
Transliteration: arai/bastazein ton stauron autou
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: nosić swój krzyż jako sekularyzowane znoszenie dowolnego cierpienia życiowego
NEW. Matt 10:38; 16:24. Fully secularized Polish idiom for enduring any life burden, entirely detached from Christ; the single most pervasive idiom-collision risk in the curriculum. Mandatory de-idiomatizing teaching note at every occurrence.
Metanoia
Approved rendering: nawrócenie / nawracać się
Transliteration: metanoia / metanoeō
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: czynić pokutę
NEW. Matt 3:2, 8; 4:17; 11:20-21; 12:41. EXPLICITLY REJECT ‘czynić pokutę’ as the primary rendering: in Polish Catholic usage ‘pokuta’ strongly denotes the ritual penance assigned within the Sacrament of Reconciliation, risking collapse of whole-life reorientation into a single sacramental act. ‘Nawrócenie’ matches modern Biblia Tysiąclecia usage; supply a bridging note connecting to familiar vocabulary of ‘przemiana życia.‘
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōsei
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 1:21; 10:22; 19:25; 24:13. Anchored from the outset against ‘zbawienie’ being assumed automatic through national/cultural Catholic belonging.
Ransom
Approved rendering: oddać swoje życie na okup za wielu
Transliteration: dounai tēn psychēn autou lytron anti pollōn
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ogólna pomoc/służba bez odniesienia zastępczego, okup zapłacony Szatanowi (starożytna, odrzucona teoria okupu)
NEW. Matt 20:28. Distinct Greek term (λύτρον) from the atonement vocabulary already established in the baseline Romans package; must preserve the costly, substitutionary ‘in place of’ force.
Words Of Institution
Approved rendering: To jest Ciało moje…To jest Krew moja Przymierza…na odpuszczenie grzechów
Transliteration: touto estin to sōma mou…touto estin to haima mou tēs diathēkēs…eis aphesin hamartiōn
Doctrine: The Great Commission
NEW. Matt 26:26-28. Major denominational collision point underlying the Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist/transubstantiation, the central act of Polish Catholic worship. Teach the text’s own words without presupposing or foreclosing a particular denominational sacramental doctrine. Human theologian review mandatory.
Divorce Exception Clause
Approved rendering: oddalić żonę…z powodu nierządu (porneia)
Transliteration: apolysē tēn gynaika autou…ei mē epi porneia
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 5:31-32; 19:9. Present the text’s own wording and the range of major traditions’ historic readings (Catholic indissolubility/annulment vs. Protestant divorce-remarriage) without silently resolving the debate. Human theologian review mandatory.
Huioi Theou Beatitude
Approved rendering: synami Bożymi
Transliteration: huioi Theou klēthēsontai
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW, Critical by association. Matt 5:9 (core passage). Adoptive, relational sonship; must never blur with the capitalized ‘Syn Boży’ title reserved for Christ alone; cross-reference baseline ‘son_of_god’ (Critical) and ‘adoption’ (Medium).
Heneken Emou
Approved rendering: z mego powodu
Transliteration: pseudomenoi heneken emou
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: cierpienie dla dobrej sprawy w sensie ogólnym, tożsamość/cierpienie osadzone w polskiej tożsamości narodowo-katolickiej
NEW. Matt 5:11 (core passage). Must not be reduced to Polish national-religious identity/suffering (the ‘Polak-katolik’ collision); identity and suffering must be located in Christ personally.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 1:18, 20; 3:11, 16; 12:28, 31-32; 28:19.
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 5-7 (Sermon); 6:9; 11:25-27; 28:19.
Kyrie Kyrie
Approved rendering: Panie, Panie
Transliteration: Kyrie, Kyrie
Doctrine: God
NEW, by association with baseline ‘lord’ (Critical). Matt 7:21-22. Must be read alongside the baseline’s Romans 10:9 requirement — confession and obedience are inseparable, not two competing soteriologies.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 7:21-22; 8:2, 25; 12:8; 22:44-45.
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Pair with explicit context distinguishing the universal gospel call from the narrow, elevated Polish sense of a priestly/religious vocation.
Saints
Approved rendering: święci
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: święci kanonizowani, czczeni i proszeni o wstawiennictwo
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 27:52-53 uses a narrative sense (‘holy ones’ raised) closely related to, but distinct from, the corporate-sainthood sense taught in the baseline; the distinction from canonized/venerated sainthood remains in force.
High Risk Terms
Incarnation
Approved rendering: wcielenie
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Christology
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matthew narrates this doctrine via the virginal conception (1:18-25); primary risk is catechetical narrowing to the Christmas nativity scene (szopka) rather than the full doctrine.
Parthenos
Approved rendering: dziewica
Transliteration: parthenos
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: dziewica jako komplement moralny bez odniesienia do cudownego poczęcia
NEW. Matt 1:23, cited as fulfillment of Isaiah 7:14; must be firmly anchored to the miraculous virginal conception.
Proskyneo
Approved rendering: pokłonić się / oddać hołd / uwielbić
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Christology
NEW. Context-dependent between formal royal homage (2:11) and unambiguous worship of the risen/divine Christ (14:33; 28:9, 17); flag every occurrence for review to confirm which sense is intended.
Fulfillment Formula
Approved rendering: aby się wypełniło, co powiedział Pan przez proroka
Transliteration: hina/hopōs plērōthē to rhēthen hypo Kyriou dia tou prophētou
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
NEW. Recurring structural citation formula: Matt 1:22; 2:15, 17, 23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 27:9. Requires OT background provision for readers without catechetical grounding; render identically at every occurrence for pattern recognition.
Sign Of Jonah
Approved rendering: znak Jonasza
Transliteration: sēmeion Iōna
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
NEW. Matt 12:39-41; 16:4. Typological sign requiring OT narrative background (Jonah); ties Fulfillment doctrine directly to the Critical Resurrection doctrine.
Rejected Stone
Approved rendering: kamień odrzucony przez budujących stał się kamieniem węgielnym
Transliteration: lithon hon apedokimasan hoi oikodomountes, houtos egenēthē eis kephalēn gōnias
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
NEW. Matt 21:42. Psalm 118:22 typology; requires Psalm 118 background; ties rejection/crucifixion to the founding of the church.
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: królestwo niebieskie
Transliteration: basileia tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: niebo jako wyłącznie przeznaczenie pośmiertne
NEW. Matthew’s preferred synonym for baseline ‘kingdom_of_god’ (~32 occurrences: 3:2; 4:17; 5:3, 10, 19-20; 13; 18:1-4; 19:14, 23-24). Polish popular piety hears ‘niebo’ chiefly as the post-mortem destination (‘pójść do nieba’), obscuring the present, in-breaking reign; teaching note required at every occurrence.
Mysteries Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: tajemnice królestwa niebieskiego
Transliteration: mystēria tēs basileias tōn ouranōn
Doctrine: Kingdom of Heaven
NEW. Matt 13:11. Distinguish from the sacramental sense of ‘tajemnica’ in Catholic usage (tajemnice wiary), a compatible but distinct register.
Synteleia Tou Aionos
Approved rendering: koniec świata
Transliteration: synteleia tou aiōnos
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
NEW. Matt 13:39-40; 24:3; 28:20. Colloquial Polish ‘koniec świata’ is used hyperbolically for any disaster; risks trivializing the sober eschatological referent (culmination of the present age, not cosmic annihilation). Prefer ‘koniec [obecnego] wieku’ in teaching prose where disambiguation is critical.
Gospel Of The Kingdom
Approved rendering: Ewangelia królestwa
Transliteration: Euangelion tēs basileias
Doctrine: Kingdom of Heaven
NEW. Matt 4:23; 9:35; 24:14. Compounds baseline ‘Ewangelia’ (High) with ‘kingdom_of_heaven’; must not narrow Ewangelia to the four Gospel books nor królestwo to an afterlife destination.
Exousia
Approved rendering: władza
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
NEW. Matt 7:29; 9:6, 8; 10:1; 21:23-27 (Critical at the climactic 28:18 occurrence, see all_authority). Risk of conflating Jesus’-derived apostolic authority with later institutional-ecclesial authority claims, or diminishing it to personal charisma.
Law
Approved rendering: Prawo
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 5:17-18; 7:12; 11:13; 22:36, 40; 23:23.
Plerosai Ton Nomon
Approved rendering: wypełnić Prawo
Transliteration: plērōsai ton nomon
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: zniesienie Prawa, niezmieniony kodeks prawny bez wypełnienia
NEW. Matt 5:17. Must not be read as either abolition of the Law’s moral substance or mere reaffirmation of an unchanged legal code; a third, dynamic category (fulfillment/consummation).
Perfect Teleios
Approved rendering: doskonały
Transliteration: teleios
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: doskonałość jako bezgrzeszne osiągnięcie moralne
NEW. Matt 5:48; 19:21. Risk of works-righteousness misreading; anchor to indiscriminate love (5:44-48) and costly discipleship (19:21), not sinless self-achievement.
False Christs Prophets
Approved rendering: fałszywi mesjasze i fałszywi prorocy
Transliteration: pseudochristoi kai pseudoprophētai
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW, by association with baseline ‘messiah’ (Critical). Matt 7:15-23; 24:5, 11, 23-24. Must retain full exclusivity force, not read as a generic warning about ‘bad religious people.‘
Parousia
Approved rendering: przyjście Syna Człowieczego
Transliteration: hē parousia tou Huiou tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: paruzja’ (transliteracja niedostępna dla ogólnego czytelnika)
NEW. Matt 24:3, 27, 37, 39; 26:64. ‘Przyjście’ preferred over transliterated ‘paruzja’ for readability, provided the definite, future, visible-return sense is not diluted into a vague symbolic ‘presence.‘
Palingenesia
Approved rendering: odnowienie [wszystkiego]
Transliteration: palingenesia
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: odnowienie jako indywidualne ‘nowe narodzenie’ (konwersja)
NEW. Matt 19:28. Cosmic/eschatological renewal; do not conflate with the individual ‘born again’ regeneration sense the same Greek word carries elsewhere (e.g. Titus 3:5).
Follow Akoloutheo
Approved rendering: iść za [Jezusem] / pójść za Nim
Transliteration: akoloutheō
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 4:20, 22; 8:19, 22-23; 9:9; 19:27-28. Central discipleship verb; must not flatten into passive admiration or intellectual assent.
Lose Find Life
Approved rendering: zgubić/odnaleźć swoje życie
Transliteration: apolesai/heurein tēn psychēn
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: duszę’ w miejsce ‘życie’ (ryzyko dualizmu duszy/ciała oderwanego od holistycznego sensu Mateusza)
NEW. Matt 10:39; 16:25. Prefer ‘życie’ over ‘duszę’ to avoid a Platonic soul/body dualism reading disconnected from Matthew’s holistic sense.
Faith Little Faith
Approved rendering: małej wiary
Transliteration: oligopistoi
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW compound of baseline ‘wiara.’ Matt 8:26; 14:31; 17:20. Must not be read as condemnation of unbelief but as gentle correction of wavering, immature faith.
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 20:1-16 (parable of the laborers), illustrated by the vineyard owner’s sovereign generosity overturning strict proportional-merit expectations.
Makarioi
Approved rendering: błogosławieni
Transliteration: makarioi
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:3-11 (core passage). A pronouncement of God’s own commendation and favor, not mere emotional happiness, luck, or a ritual/priestly blessing formula pronounced over objects or people.
Ptochoi To Pneumati
Approved rendering: ubodzy w duchu
Transliteration: ptōchoi tō pneumati
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: dosłowne ubóstwo materialne, fałszywa skromność jako osiągnięta cnota
NEW. Matt 5:3 (core passage). Spiritual bankruptcy and utter dependence on God, the opposite of Pharisaic self-sufficiency; must be taught as desperate reliance on grace.
Persecuted For Righteousness
Approved rendering: prześladowani z powodu sprawiedliwości
Transliteration: dediōgmenoi heneken dikaiosynēs
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:10 (core passage). Same ‘sprawiedliwość’ ambiguity as 5:6, 20; must not be softened into generic suffering-for-any-cause language.
Misthos
Approved rendering: wielka jest wasza zapłata w niebie
Transliteration: misthos hymōn polys en tois ouranois
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 5:12 (core passage); recurs at 6:1-6; 10:41-42; 20:8. Must not collapse into a merit-earning transaction; God’s gracious response to faithful, Spirit-enabled endurance.
Covenant
Approved rendering: przymierze
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: umowa prawna
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 26:28.
Election
Approved rendering: wybranie
Transliteration: eklogē / eklektos
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 22:14 (‘many are called, but few are chosen’); 24:22, 24, 31.
Called
Approved rendering: powołany
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 22:14; must not collapse into the culturally dominant Polish sense of a call to priesthood/religious life.
Gospel
Approved rendering: Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Underlies the compound ‘gospel_of_the_kingdom’ at Matt 4:23; 9:35; 24:14; must not narrow to the four Gospel books.
Katapetasma
Approved rendering: zasłona przybytku rozdarła się na dwoje
Transliteration: to katapetasma tou naou eschisthē…eis dyo
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
NEW. Matt 27:51. Symbolizes direct access to God opened through Christ’s death; an under-taught detail requiring an explicit connecting note.
Medium Risk Terms
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: przemienił się
Transliteration: metemorphōthē
Doctrine: Christology
NEW. Matt 17:2. Positive cultural anchor via the Przemienienie Pańskie feast (Aug. 6); ensure the historical, once-for-all revelatory event is not reduced to devotional feast-day sentiment alone.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: królestwo Boże
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom of Heaven
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31, 43; must be taught as identical in referent to ‘królestwo niebieskie,’ not a separate kingdom.
Authoritative Teaching
Approved rendering: nauczał…nie jak uczeni w Piśmie
Transliteration: edidasken…ouch hōs hoi grammateis
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
NEW. Matt 5:2; 7:28-29. Must retain the authoritative, not merely informational, register.
Hypocrites
Approved rendering: obłudnicy
Transliteration: hypokritai
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 6:2, 5, 16; 15:7; 23:13-29 (‘whitewashed tombs’ at 23:27). Established Biblia Tysiąclecia rendering; keep consistent throughout.
Me Krinete
Approved rendering: nie sądźcie
Transliteration: mē krinete
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 7:1. The widely known Polish idiom risks flattening into a blanket ‘never evaluate anything’ reading, contradicted by the chapter’s own call to discern false prophets by their fruit.
Love Commandment
Approved rendering: będziesz miłował Pana, Boga swego…będziesz miłował swego bliźniego
Transliteration: agapēseis Kyrion ton Theon sou…agapēseis ton plēsion sou
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 22:37-39. Well-known text; ties the whole Law to its intended ethical center.
Render To Caesar
Approved rendering: oddajcie Cezarowi, co jest Cezara, a Bogu, co jest Bożego
Transliteration: Apodote…ta Kaisaros Kaisari kai ta tou Theou tō Theō
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 22:21. Already a fully secularized Polish idiom; recover the point that civil obligation never overrides supreme allegiance to God.
Church
Approved rendering: kościół
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: Kościół jako jedyna prawowita instytucja hierarchiczna
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 16:18; 18:17. See church_on_the_rock for the Critical denominational-collision occurrence at 16:18.
Gathered In My Name
Approved rendering: gdzie dwaj albo trzej zebrani są w imię moje, tam jestem pośród nich
Transliteration: hou gar eisin dyo ē treis synēgmenoi eis to emon onoma
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
NEW. Matt 18:20. Preserve the original church-discipline context alongside its broader devotional popular use as a stand-alone comfort verse.
Unlimited Forgiveness
Approved rendering: siedemdziesiąt siedem razy / siedemdziesiąt razy siedem
Transliteration: hebdomēkontakis hepta
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
NEW. Matt 18:22. AMBIGUITY FLAG: genuine numeric ambiguity (77 vs. 490); record both candidate renderings, but require curriculum-wide consistency once chosen. Doctrinal point (limitless forgiveness) unaffected.
Cause To Stumble
Approved rendering: prowadzić do zgorszenia / do grzechu…maluczkich
Transliteration: skandalisē…tōn mikrōn
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
NEW. Matt 18:6. Grave warning against damaging the faith of the vulnerable within the community.
Disciple
Approved rendering: uczeń
Transliteration: mathētēs
Doctrine: The Great Commission
NEW. Matt 5:1; 10:1; 28:19. Polish ‘uczeń’ easily narrows to a school/catechesis pupil; must retain the full weight of costly personal following developed across chs. 4, 10, 16, 19.
Mission
Approved rendering: misja
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: poganie
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged where the negative-charge sense applies (e.g. Matt 6:32; 10:5, 18; 20:19, 25). At Matt 28:19 the same Greek word ἔθνη must instead render as the neutral ‘narody’ — see great_commission entry.
Fishers Of Men
Approved rendering: rybacy ludzi
Transliteration: halieis anthrōpōn
Doctrine: The Great Commission
NEW. Matt 4:19. Standard idiom, well established in Polish Bible tradition; anticipates the Great Commission.
Lost Sheep Of Israel
Approved rendering: owce zaginione z domu Izraela
Transliteration: probata apolōlota oikou Israēl
Doctrine: The Great Commission
NEW. Matt 10:6. Must be taught in sequence with Matt 28’s universal scope, not as a permanent ethnic limitation on the gospel.
Harvest And Workers
Approved rendering: żniwo…robotnicy
Transliteration: therismos…ergatas
Doctrine: The Great Commission
NEW. Matt 9:37-38. Introduces missionary urgency that culminates in the Great Commission.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: wielki ucisk
Transliteration: thlipsis megalē
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
NEW. Matt 24:21. Believers are warned to expect, not be surprised by, severe hardship.
Deny Himself
Approved rendering: zaprze się samego siebie
Transliteration: aparnēsētai/aparnēsasthō heauton
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 10:33; 16:24; ironically echoed in Peter’s own denial of Jesus at 26:34-75.
Peirazo
Approved rendering: wystawiać na próbę / kusić
Transliteration: peirazō / peirasmos
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 4:1-11; 6:13. Recurs in the Lord’s Prayer; ensure consistent rendering across neutral-testing and morally-loaded-temptation senses.
Diabolos
Approved rendering: diabeł
Transliteration: ho diabolos
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 4:1-11; 13:39; 25:41. A real, personal, malevolent spiritual adversary, not an impersonal principle of evil.
Salt And Light
Approved rendering: sól ziemi / światło świata
Transliteration: halas tēs gēs / phōs tou kosmou
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 5:13-14. Both phrases have become fully secularized Polish idioms (praise for an admirable person, divorced from discipleship); teaching note required to recover the specific kingdom-mission sense.
Treasure And Mammon
Approved rendering: skarb…mamona
Transliteration: thēsauros…mamōna
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 6:19-24. ‘Mamona’ is transliterated and standard in Polish Bible tradition.
Sin
Approved rendering: grzech
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 1:21; 3:6; 9:2-6; 26:28.
Tax Collectors Sinners
Approved rendering: celnicy i grzesznicy
Transliteration: telōnai kai hamartōloi
Doctrine: Salvation
NEW. Matt 9:10-11. Enacts the gospel’s reach to the unrighteous, apart from merit.
Penthountes
Approved rendering: płaczący
Transliteration: penthountes
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:4 (core passage). Standard vocabulary; ensure not narrowed to bereavement alone.
Praeis
Approved rendering: cisi
Transliteration: praeis
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:5 (core passage). Polish ‘cisi’ can sound like passivity or timidity rather than restrained strength under God’s control; teaching note required.
Klironomeo Ten Gen
Approved rendering: odziedziczą ziemię
Transliteration: klēronomēsousin tēn gēn
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:5 (core passage). Guard against nationalist/territorial misreadings; eschatological inheritance, not a claim about any earthly nation.
Katharoi Te Kardia
Approved rendering: czystego serca
Transliteration: katharoi tē kardia
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:8 (core passage). Risk of narrowing to ritual/liturgical purity categories familiar from sacramental practice rather than the comprehensive inward orientation Jesus describes.
Eirenopoioi
Approved rendering: czyniący pokój
Transliteration: eirēnopoioi
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:9 (core passage). Distinguish from mere conflict-avoidance; active reconciling labor reflecting God’s own reconciling work.
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 16:27; 19:28; 24:30; 25:31.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: moc Boża
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: God
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 22:29; 24:30; 26:64.
Holy
Approved rendering: święty
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 4:5 (‘holy city’); 7:6; 27:52-53.
Adoption
Approved rendering: usynowienie
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 5:9, 45.
Peace
Approved rendering: pokój
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 5:9; 10:13, 34.
Magoi
Approved rendering: mędrcy
Transliteration: magoi
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: trzej królowie (legendarny tytuł nieobecny w tekście)
NEW. Matt 2:1-12. Popular piety (nativity scenes, szopka) calls them ‘trzej królowie’; teaching note required to distinguish tradition from text.
Epi Ten Petran
Approved rendering: na skale
Transliteration: epi tēn petran
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
NEW. Matt 7:24-25. Do not conflate this foundation-image (obedience to Jesus’ words) with Matt 16:18’s Peter/rock wordplay; related but textually distinct uses of πέτρα.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: Hosanna…błogosławiony, który przychodzi w imię Pańskie
Transliteration: hōsanna…eulogēmenos ho erchomenos en onomati Kyriou
Doctrine: Christology
NEW. Matt 21:9. Transliterated and already liturgically familiar in Polish (Sanctus of the Mass); positive resonance, low comprehension risk.
Talanta
Approved rendering: talenty
Transliteration: talanta
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: talent jako wrodzona zdolność (współczesne znaczenie polskie)
NEW. Matt 25:14-30. Modern Polish ‘talent’ has drifted to mean an innate personal ability, risking an anachronistic reading that displaces the parable’s actual point of entrusted responsibility and accountability.
Apistia
Approved rendering: niewiara
Transliteration: apistia
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
NEW. Matt 17:20. Contrasted with the mustard-seed faith Jesus commends; the negation of πίστις.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: proroctwo
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged.
David
Approved rendering: Dawid
Transliteration: Dabid
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 1; 9:27; 12:3; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9; 22:42-45.
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Israēl
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 2:6, 20-21; 8:10; 9:33; 10:6, 23; 15:24; 19:28; 27:9, 42.
Pharisees Scribes
Approved rendering: Faryzeusze, uczeni w Piśmie, Saduceusze
Transliteration: Pharisaioi, grammateis, Saddoukaioi
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Standard transliterated proper/group nouns; low ambiguity risk beyond avoiding anti-Jewish caricature.
Eleemones
Approved rendering: miłosierni
Transliteration: eleēmones
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
NEW. Matt 5:7 (core passage). Strong positive resonance with Divine Mercy devotion (Św. Faustyna); ensure the beatitude’s call to actively show mercy is not eclipsed by devotional focus on receiving mercy alone.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostoł
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 10:2.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: dziękczynienie
Transliteration: eucharistia / eulogēsas
Doctrine: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package baseline; unchanged. Matt 14:19; 15:36; 26:27.
Oikos Proseuches
Approved rendering: dom modlitwy…jaskinia zbójców
Transliteration: oikos proseuchēs…spēlaion lēstōn
Doctrine: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
NEW. Matt 21:13. Jesus’ authoritative act of judgment on corrupted worship.
Referenced passages