Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation
English → Polish | Full-Book Term Inventory with Translation Risk
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Section 1 lists terms reused exactly from the baseline. Section 2 lists new terms required by Revelation’s distinct vocabulary, with citations to every chapter in which they are load-bearing. Section 3 documents destination-culture (Polish) risk collisions specific to Revelation that require prominent theologian-review attention, several of which are not present in the Romans baseline (Jehovah’s Witness eschatology, Wawel dragon folklore, Marian bridal title, martyr veneration, morning-star/Lucifer overlap).
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline (No Change Permitted)
| English | Polish (binding) | Risk (baseline) | Revelation-specific application note | Key Revelation passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Bóg | Critical | Unchanged; foundational to Sovereignty of God doctrine | 1:1,4,8; 4:8-11; 21:3,7,22 |
| Lord | Pan | Critical | Applied to both God and the returning Christ (“King of kings and Lord of lords”) | 1:8; 4:8,11; 11:15; 19:16; 22:20-21 |
| Jesus | Jezus | Critical | Unchanged | 1:1,5,9; 22:16,20-21 |
| Christ | Chrystus | Critical | Established Polish Bible form (per baseline AI instructions transliteration list); frequent in Revelation as “Jesus Christ,” “his Christ” (11:15) | 1:1,2,5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6 |
| Holy Spirit | Duch Święty | Critical | The Spirit speaks to the churches (2:7 etc.) and joins the Bride’s invitation (22:17) | 1:4 (as “seven Spirits,” see Sec. 2); 2:7,11,17,29; 22:17 |
| Father | Ojciec | Critical | Unchanged | 1:6; 3:5,21; 14:1 |
| holy / saints | święty / święci | High/Critical | Same corporate-all-believers caution as baseline applies; Revelation additionally contrasts “saints” with those who persecute them | 5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9 |
| church | kościół | Medium | The seven local congregations (chs. 2-3); avoid capitalized institutional-only reading | 1:4,11,20; 2:1-3:22; 22:16 |
| salvation | zbawienie | Critical | Doxological refrain (“Salvation belongs to our God”) | 7:10; 12:10; 19:1 |
| grace | łaska | High | Opening and closing epistolary formula, matching Pauline pattern | 1:4; 22:21 |
| faith / faithless | wiara / niewierny(-ni), ἄπιστος | Critical | 21:8’s “ἄπιστοι” is the direct negation of baseline “wiara”; must retain personal-trust sense, not generic unreliability | 2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12; 17:14; 21:8 |
| glory | chwała | Medium/High | Elevated to High within Revelation: God’s glory replaces the sun as the New Jerusalem’s light source | 1:6; 4:9,11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 15:8; 19:1,7; 21:11,23-24 |
| covenant | przymierze | High | Ark of the covenant appears in the heavenly temple | 11:19 |
| Israel | Izrael | Low/Medium | Twelve tribes named on the gates of New Jerusalem; 144,000 “of the tribes of Israel” | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 |
| David | Dawid | Low | ”Key of David,” “Root/offspring of David” | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 |
| kingdom of God | królestwo Boże | Medium | ”Kingdom and priests”; “the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord” | 1:6,9; 5:10; 11:15; 12:10 |
| resurrection | zmartwychwstanie | Critical | ”First resurrection”; interpretive diversity across Christian traditions must be flagged | 20:5-6 |
| called / calling | powołany / powołanie | High | Converges with “chosen” and “faithful” in 17:14 | 17:14; 19:9 |
| election | wybranie | High | ”Chosen,” 17:14 | 17:14 |
| prophet / prophecy | prorok / proroctwo | Low (elevated to Medium/High here) | Revelation calls itself “this prophecy” (προφητεία) and pronounces a canonical warning against altering it — elevates baseline’s Low risk | 1:3; 10:7; 11:6,10; 19:10; 22:6-10,18-19 |
| thanksgiving | dziękczynienie | Low | Present in heavenly doxology | 7:12 |
| Gentiles / nations | poganie / narody | Medium (elevated to High here) | In Revelation, ἔθνη is overwhelmingly the neutral/universal “narody” (all peoples, including those healed and included in the New Jerusalem), not the negatively-charged “poganie” — reinforces the baseline’s existing caution with concrete positive examples | 5:9; 7:9; 11:18; 15:4; 21:24-26; 22:2 |
| Amen | Amen | Low | Established, transliterated | 1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21 |
| Alleluia/Hallelujah | Alleluja | Low | Established, transliterated | 19:1,3,4,6 |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by the Revelation Curriculum
| English gloss | Greek (translit.) | Polish rendering (binding) | Risk | Doctrine link | Key passages | Rendering-risk notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revelation / Apocalypse (book title & concept) | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | objawienie (concept); book titled Apokalipsa (Catholic) / Objawienie (Protestant) | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1:1 | State both traditional Polish book-titles explicitly to prevent cross-tradition confusion, parallel to the “gospel” naming note in the baseline. |
| to signify (by signs) | σημαίνω (sēmainō) | oznajmić [w znakach] | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1:1 | Hermeneutical key term for the whole book; must not be flattened to plain “tell/show.” |
| Lamb | ἀρνίον (arnion) | Baranek | High | Worship of the Lamb; Return and Reign of Christ | 5:6-13; 6:16; 7:9-17; 13:8; 14:1-10; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,14,22-23,27; 22:1,3 | Liturgical familiarity (Agnus Dei) is a double-edged resource: reinforces sacrificial imagery but risks narrowing to a passive/gentle image alone; the conquering, reigning, wrath-bearing Lamb must be taught explicitly. |
| Beast (from the sea / earth) | θηρίον (thērion) | Bestia | High | Perseverance under Persecution; Judgment of the Wicked | 13:1-18; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2,10,13; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:4,10 | Symbolic of anti-God power structures across history; must not be permanently identified with one past regime, despite legitimate resonance with Poland’s totalitarian-era memory. |
| false prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης (pseudoprophētēs) | fałszywy prorok | Medium-High | Judgment of the Wicked; Symbolic Interpretation | 16:13; 19:20; 20:10 | The second beast (ch. 13) is named thus later; keep identity-link explicit. |
| dragon / serpent / Satan / devil | δράκων / ὄφις / Σατανᾶς / διάβολος | Smok / Wąż / Szatan / diabeł | Critical (dragon: High cultural note) | Sovereignty of God; Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | 12:3-17; 13:2,4,11; 20:2,7,10 | ”Smok” collides with the beloved, heroic Polish folk-legend “Smok Wawelski” (Dragon of Wawel); the text’s own identification (12:9, “that ancient serpent… the devil and Satan”) must be stated every time. |
| mark of the beast / 666 | χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου / ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ | znamię Bestii / sześćset sześćdziesiąt sześć | High | Perseverance under Persecution; Judgment of the Wicked | 13:16-18; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 | Symbol of total allegiance, deliberately contrasted with God’s seal (7:3; 14:1); avoid literalist tech/barcode readings and superstitious fear. |
| seal (of the scroll / of God on believers) | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω (sphragis/sphragizō) | pieczęć / opieczętować | High | Sovereignty of God; Assurance of Final Victory | 5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4 | Must be distinguished from (a) the seven seals closing the scroll and (b) the counterfeit “znamię” of the beast — three related but distinct images. |
| 144,000 | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | sto czterdzieści cztery tysiące | Critical | Sovereignty of God; Vindication of the Saints | 7:4-8; 14:1,3 | See Section 3 — Jehovah’s Witness collision. |
| great multitude / great crowd | ὄχλος πολύς (ochlos polys) | wielki tłum | Critical | Vindication of the Saints; Worship of the Lamb | 7:9-17; 19:1,6 | See Section 3 — Jehovah’s Witness collision. |
| Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών (Harmagedōn) | Armagedon | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History; Judgment of the Wicked | 16:16 | See Section 3 — extremely prominent Jehovah’s Witness association in Poland. |
| Michael (archangel) | Μιχαήλ (Michaēl) | Michał | High | Sovereignty of God; Return and Reign of Christ | 12:7 | See Section 3 — Jehovah’s Witness identification of Michael with Christ. |
| great prostitute / Babylon the great | πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | wielka nierządnica / Babilon wielki | High | Judgment of the Wicked; Symbolic Interpretation | 14:8; 17:1-18; 18:1-24 | Symbolic of the idolatrous world-system; requires pastoral sensitivity to gendered imagery and explicit warning against modern national identification. |
| bride | νύμφη (nymphē) | oblubienica | Critical | Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7-9; 21:2,9; 22:17 | See Section 3 — Marian devotional-title collision. |
| marriage supper of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου (gamos tou arniou) | Gody Baranka | High | Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7-9 | ”Righteous deeds of the saints” (19:8) must not read as self-earned merit; it is the fruit of grace. |
| new heaven and new earth | οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν | nowe niebo i nowa ziemia | Critical | New Heaven and New Earth | 21:1 | Qualitative renewal of a real physical creation, not mere repair nor spiritual escape from matter. |
| New Jerusalem | Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή | Nowe Jeruzalem | High | New Heaven and New Earth; Church as Bride of Christ | 3:12; 21:2,10 | Must not be identified with the modern political State of Israel or any earthly capital; symbolic of the whole redeemed people of God. |
| dwell / tabernacle (verb) | σκηνόω (skēnoō) | zamieszkać (z nimi) | High | New Heaven and New Earth; Incarnation (baseline link) | 21:3; cf. 7:15 | Echoes the OT tabernacle and John 1:14’s Incarnation language (“the Word… dwelt among us”); a plain rendering loses this resonance and should be flagged with a translator note. |
| Almighty | παντοκράτωρ (pantokratōr) | Wszechmogący | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22 | Matches the Nicene Creed’s “Bóg Ojciec Wszechmogący,” a positive doctrinal anchor. |
| Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ | Alfa i Omega | Critical | Sovereignty of God; Deity of Christ | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 | Identical title applied to the Father (1:8; 21:6) and the Son (22:13) — render identically at every occurrence to preserve the deity-of-Christ implication. |
| the one who is, was, and is to come | ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος | Ten, który jest, i który był, i który przychodzi | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:4,8; 4:8 | Echoes Exodus 3:14 LXX (ὁ ὤν); divine eternal-name formula. |
| throne | θρόνος (thronos) | tron | Medium | Sovereignty of God; Worship of the Lamb | throughout chs. 1,3-5,7,12,16,19-22 | Must consistently denote unique divine/messianic authority; avoid confusion with earthly ecclesiastical or political thrones. |
| worthy | ἄξιος (axios) | godzien | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4:11; 5:2,4,9,12 | Grounds worship in God’s/the Lamb’s own being and accomplished work, not human merit. |
| worship (bow down/render homage) | προσκυνέω (proskyneō) | oddawać pokłon / wielbić | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 9:20; 11:16; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 15:4; 16:2; 19:4,10,20; 20:4; 22:8-9 | Reserved for God/the Lamb alone in the text’s own logic (22:8-9, an angel refuses worship); a positive built-in safeguard distinguishing latria (worship due God alone) from any veneration practice. |
| cultic service | λατρεύω (latreuō) | służyć [kultem] | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 7:15; 22:3 | Distinct from προσκυνέω; denotes ongoing priestly service in the eternal state. |
| overcomer / the one who conquers | νικάω (nikaō) | zwyciężać / zwycięzca | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 6:2; 11:7; 12:11; 13:7; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7 | Must always be anchored to 12:11’s definition (victory “by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony”) to prevent nationalistic/political-triumphalist misreading, given Poland’s history of national resistance movements. |
| patient endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | wytrwałość | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12 | Anchors the perseverance doctrine’s positive virtue-term. |
| tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | ucisk / wielki ucisk | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14 | Must not be flattened to generic hardship, nor collapsed into one specific historical persecution episode alone. |
| witness / testimony / martyr-root | μάρτυς / μαρτυρία (martys / martyria) | świadek / świadectwo | Critical | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1:2,5,9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4 | See Section 3 — collision with “męczennik” (canonized/venerated martyr). |
| seven spirits [of God] | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | siedem duchów [Bożych] | High | Sovereignty of God; Trinitarian consistency | 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6 | Symbolic sevenfold fullness of the one Holy Spirit, not seven separate spirit-beings; requires explicit clarifying note every occurrence. |
| four living creatures / twenty-four elders | ζῷα / πρεσβύτεροι | cztery żywe istoty / dwudziestu czterech starców | Medium | Worship of the Lamb; Sovereignty of God | 4:4-11; 5:6-14; 19:4 | Drawn from Ezekiel/Isaiah imagery; requires Old Testament background note. |
| incense = prayers of the saints | θυμιάματα … προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων | kadzidło — modlitwy świętych | Medium | Perseverance; Assurance | 5:8; 8:3-4 | Positive resource affirming believers’ own prayers reach God directly; reinforces (does not undermine) the baseline’s caution against defaulting “wstawiennictwo” to Marian/saintly mediation. |
| abyss / bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος (abyssos) | otchłań | Medium-High | Judgment of the Wicked; Sovereignty of God | 9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1-3 | Distinguish from the final “lake of fire” (piekło/final judgment); a present, temporary holding-place under God’s sovereignty. |
| book of life | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | Księga Życia | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory; Judgment of the Wicked | 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27 | Must not be read as a record losable through insufficient merit or ritual observance — parallels the baseline’s caution on “zbawienie.” |
| lake of fire / second death | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός / ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | jezioro ognia / druga śmierć | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 2:11; 19:20; 20:6,10,14-15; 21:8 | Retain full seriousness without sensationalism; distinguish clearly from ordinary (“first”) death. |
| great white throne / judged according to works | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας / κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα | wielki biały tron / sądzeni według swoich czynów | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 20:11-13 | Judgment manifests, but does not establish, a prior standing of faith/unbelief — protects forensic “usprawiedliwienie” doctrine at the book’s climax. |
| thousand years / millennium | χίλια ἔτη | tysiąc lat / tysiącletnie królowanie | High | Return and Reign of Christ; Sovereignty of God | 20:2-7 | Multiple established Christian interpretive schools exist; explicitly avoid endorsing the distinct Jehovah’s Witness chronological scheme (see Sec. 3). |
| Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Gog i Magog | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 20:8 | Symbolic OT allusion for universal final rebellion, not a specific modern ethnic-political identification. |
| tree of life / water of life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς / ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς | drzewo życia / woda życia | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | 2:7; 22:1-2,14,17,19 | New-creation hope; avoid conflation with folk-magic “elixir of life” associations. |
| no more curse | οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατάρα | nie będzie już przekleństwa | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth; Assurance of Final Victory | 22:3 | Final undoing of the Genesis curse. |
| Root and offspring of David / bright morning star | ῥίζα καὶ γένος Δαυίδ / ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς ὁ πρωϊνός | korzeń i potomek Dawida / jasna gwiazda poranna | Medium-High | Return and Reign of Christ; Messianic Promise (baseline link) | 5:5; 22:16 | ”Morning star” is also historically applied (via Isaiah 14:12 Vulgate “Lucifer”) to Satan’s primordial pride in some traditions; Christ’s rightful self-designation in 22:16 must be explicitly distinguished from that unrelated title to prevent confusion. |
| every eye will see him | πᶶς ὀφθαλμός ὄψεται αὐτόν | każde oko Go ujrzy | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | 1:7 | Visible, bodily, unmistakable, universal return — explicitly contrary to any “invisible presence” theory. |
| I am coming soon | ἔρχομαι ταχύ | Przyjdę wkrótce / szybko | High | Return and Reign of Christ | 22:7,12,20 | Balance genuine urgency against date-setting sensationalism (a documented historical pattern among some groups, including Jehovah’s Witnesses, well known in Poland). |
| purchased / ransomed | ἀγοράζω (agorazō) | odkupić [krwią] | High | Worship of the Lamb; Salvation (baseline link) | 5:9; 14:3-4 | Costly, gracious, once-for-all act of Christ; avoid echoes of merit-purchase or indulgence-adjacent transactional piety. |
| slain (Lamb) | ἐσφαγμένος (esphagmenos) | zabity (jako ofiara) | High | Worship of the Lamb; Resurrection of Christ (baseline link) | 5:6,9,12; 13:8 | Preserve sacrificial-victim connotation, not mere violent death. |
Section 3 — Destination-Culture (Polish) Risk Deep-Dives
These collisions are specific to Revelation and are not fully covered by the Romans baseline. Each requires prominent human theologian review per the risk tiers assigned above.
1. The 144,000 and the “great multitude” — Jehovah’s Witness two-class salvation teaching (Critical). Jehovah’s Witnesses (Świadkowie Jehowy) maintain an active, well-known publishing and door-to-door presence throughout Poland (Strażnica/Watchtower literature; their own Polish Bible translation, Przekład Nowego Świata). Their distinctive doctrine holds that the “144,000” (Rev 7:4; 14:1,3) is a literal, numerically fixed class of “anointed ones” who reign with Christ in heaven, while the “great multitude/crowd” (Rev 7:9) is a separate, larger group destined for everlasting life on a paradise earth — two distinct destinies. Historic, mainstream Christian interpretation (which this curriculum follows) reads both numbers as complementary symbolic depictions of the one, whole, redeemed people of God — the complete Israel-of-promise (144,000 = 12 × 12 × 1000, a number of completeness) and the countless multitude from every nation, together forming a single glorified church. This must be taught explicitly and contrastively, as many Polish learners will have had direct personal contact with Jehovah’s Witness materials making the two-class claim.
2. Armageddon — same JW collision, especially acute (Critical). “Armagedon” carries an unusually strong, specific popular association with Jehovah’s Witness end-times messaging in Poland, reinforced by decades of literature distribution. The term also suffers secular dilution as a generic synonym for catastrophe. Revelation 16:16 itself gives the term a narrow, symbolic function: the gathering-place for the final confrontation depicting God’s certain, decisive victory. Curriculum materials should state this precisely rather than assuming shared background knowledge, since existing background knowledge is likely to be either JW-specific or secularized.
3. Archangel Michael — Christ-identification collision (High). Jehovah’s Witnesses identify Michael (Rev 12:7) as another name for Christ in his pre-incarnate/heavenly role. This curriculum’s Christology (consistent with the baseline’s “Syn Boży”/“Chrystus” entries) holds Michael to be a created angelic being, distinct from the eternal Son. State this distinction explicitly at Rev 12:7.
4. “Smok” (Dragon) — Wawel Dragon folklore collision (High). Poland’s best-known dragon is the “Smok Wawelski” of Kraków legend: a beloved, ultimately outwitted (not utterly evil) figure memorialized in a popular fire-breathing statue and children’s folklore, effectively a civic mascot. Revelation’s δράκων (12:3-17; 13:2,4,11; 20:2) is an unambiguously malevolent cosmic adversary, explicitly self-identified by the text as Satan (12:9). Every occurrence should carry the reminder “Smok = starodawny wąż, diabeł, Szatan” to override the folkloric default.
5. “Oblubienica” (Bride) — Marian devotional-title collision (Critical). Polish Catholic Marian devotion bestows on Mary the specific title “Oblubienica Ducha Świętego” (Bride of the Holy Spirit). Revelation’s “oblubienica” (19:7-9; 21:2,9; 22:17) is a corporate title for the entire redeemed Church/New Jerusalem, not for Mary individually. Every occurrence requires an explicit clarifying note distinguishing the corporate ecclesial referent from personal Marian association — directly parallel in structure to the baseline’s existing “saints”/“święci” caution.
6. “Świadek/świadectwo” vs. “męczennik” — martyr-witness collision (Critical). Greek μάρτυς (witness) is the etymological root of English “martyr,” but Polish already has two distinct words: “świadek” (witness, testifier — the neutral, broad sense active throughout Revelation, e.g., 1:5; 11:3; 12:17) and “męczennik” (martyr, one who has died for the faith, a category carrying exceptional weight in Polish Catholic culture through canonization and veneration, paralleling the baseline’s “saints” caution). Revelation’s μάρτυς primarily denotes the act and calling of bold testimony to Christ (which may, but does not always, culminate in death); it must not be rendered or taught in a way that restricts faithful witness only to those formally recognized as canonized martyrs. Every occurrence of “świadek/świadectwo” should carry this clarifying note.
7. “Niewiasta obleczona w słońce” (woman clothed with the sun) — Marian interpretive sensitivity (High). Some Catholic devotional tradition applies elements of Rev 12:1’s imagery to Mary; the primary, textually-supported referent (confirmed by 12:17) is the covenant community/Church bringing forth the Messiah and enduring persecution. Teach the corporate reading as primary and load-bearing for this curriculum, without polemicizing against personal Marian devotional associations some learners may hold.
8. “Jasna gwiazda poranna” (bright morning star) — Lucifer-title overlap (Medium-High). Historically (via the Vulgate’s rendering of Isaiah 14:12 as “Lucifer,” literally “light-bearer/morning star”), the title “morning star” has also been popularly associated with Satan’s primordial pride in some traditions and popular usage (including some hymnody and literature familiar in Poland). Christ’s own self-designation in Rev 22:16 must be explicitly distinguished from this unrelated, contrasting association.
9. “Odkupić” (ransomed/purchased) — indulgence-adjacent transactional echo (High). Rev 5:9’s ἀγοράζω (“you purchased/ransomed people for God by your blood”) uses commercial/manumission imagery. Given the historic Reformation-era controversy over indulgences and “purchased” religious benefit — a controversy with particular resonance in a historically Catholic nation — this must be taught as Christ’s own costly, gracious, once-for-all act, never suggesting a human transaction of merit or payment for spiritual benefit.
10. The Beast and totalitarian memory (High). Poland’s twentieth-century experience of Nazi occupation and communist rule gives Revelation’s “Bestia” imagery (ch. 13, 17) unusually direct emotional and interpretive resonance — a genuine pastoral and pedagogical asset. The risk is the opposite temptation: collapsing the transhistorical symbol permanently onto one past regime. Teach the Beast as a recurring pattern of anti-God power across history, of which any single regime may be a partial, historical instantiation, while affirming the legitimacy of drawing on this lived memory pedagogically.
11. “Apokalipsa” vs. “Objawienie” — book-title naming convention (Medium). As with the baseline’s “gospel”/“Ewangelia” note, Revelation’s own Polish title differs by tradition (Catholic: Apokalipsa św. Jana; Protestant: Objawienie św. Jana). State both explicitly in all curriculum front-matter to serve the full cross-tradition audience this Language Package targets.
Section 4 — Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (new Revelation terms, Section 2) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 13 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 21 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 3 | Human theologian (recommended) |
| Medium | 11 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 3 | Automated review |
This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, must be merged into a Revelation-specific extension of translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json (incrementing version numbers per the baseline’s enforcement protocol) before any Phase 2 segment translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: wiara
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: wiara jako tożsamość narodowa i kulturowa (‘Polak-katolik’), wiara odziedziczona automatycznie przez chrzest i Pierwszą Komunię
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation’s persecution setting (2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12; 17:14) intensifies the baseline ‘Polak-katolik’ risk: faithfulness under pressure must be personal trust in Christ maintained under threat, not inherited cultural-religious belonging.
Faithless
Approved rendering: niewierny / niewierni
Transliteration: apistos
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: niewiarygodny (merely ‘unreliable’), nielojalny (disloyal, generic)
Original: ἄπιστος
Category: Faith
New Revelation term (direct negation of ‘wiara’). Rev 21:8. Must retain ‘without saving trust in Christ,’ not a weaker character-flaw sense, so the verse’s warning is not read as minor disloyalty rather than final unbelief.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość zdobyta przez zasługi i praktyki religijne
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Revelation’s forensic-justification climax (20:11-13; see ‘great_white_throne_judged_by_works’).
Justification
Approved rendering: usprawiedliwienie
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: stopniowe uświęcenie zamiast deklaracji prawnej
Inherited from Romans package. Must not be overturned at the book’s climax by a merit-cooperation reading of ‘judged according to works’ (20:12-13); the judgment reveals, not establishes, prior forensic standing.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: poczytana sprawiedliwość
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: sprawiedliwość wlana (kategoria trydencka)
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-reference required at Rev 19:8 (‘righteous deeds of the saints’) and Rev 20:12-13 to prevent the forensic doctrine from being displaced by a works-earned reading at the book’s climax.
Salvation
Approved rendering: zbawienie
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie zapewnione automatycznie przez chrzest, sakramenty i przynależność narodowo-religijną
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in Revelation’s heavenly doxologies (7:10; 12:10; 19:1); must retain personal, decisive reconciliation received by faith, not automatic national-religious status.
Calling
Approved rendering: powołanie
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: powołanie kapłańskie lub zakonne wyłącznie
Inherited from Romans package. Reinforced twice in Revelation (‘kingdom_and_priests’ at 1:6/5:10 and ‘called_chosen_and_faithful’ at 17:14); never let the universal believer’s calling narrow to a priesthood/religious-life sense.
Saints
Approved rendering: święci
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: święci kanonizowani, czczeni i proszeni o wstawiennictwo
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation’s persecuted ‘świeci’ (5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9) are ordinary believers, not a canonized elite; the collision is more acute here given added martyrdom context.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: zmartwychwstanie
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Rev 20:5-6’s ‘first resurrection’ carries interpretive diversity across Christian traditions; see new term ‘first_resurrection’.
Lord
Approved rendering: Pan
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Climaxes in Rev 19:16’s ‘Król królów i Pan panów’; must retain exclusive, supreme lordship over every earthly ruler without qualification.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Syn Boży
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: syn Boży w sensie ogólnym, stosowanym do każdego wierzącego
Inherited from Romans package. Rev 21:7’s adoptive ‘on będzie mi synem’ for believers must never blur this Critical boundary; reinforced by the shared ‘tron Boga i Baranka’ (22:1,3) and shared ‘Alfa i Omega’ title.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesjasz
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies every Davidic Christological title in Revelation (5:5; 22:16).
Intercession
Approved rendering: wstawiennictwo
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: wstawiennictwo wyłącznie świętych i Maryi jako niezbędnych pośredników
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation’s incense-as-prayers imagery (5:8; 8:3-4) is a positive resource affirming believers’ own prayers reach God directly; must not default to Marian/saintly mediation — see new term ‘incense_prayers_of_saints’.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. No new destination-culture risk.
Christ
Approved rendering: Chrystus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Deity of Christ
New explicit entry extending the baseline’s proper-name standards list (‘Christ = Chrystus’). Frequent in Revelation as ‘Jesus Christ,’ ‘his Christ’ (11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6); render identically at every occurrence.
God
Approved rendering: Bóg
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Foundational to the Sovereignty of God over History doctrine throughout Revelation’s throne-room visions.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Duch Święty
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Speaks to the churches (2:7 etc.) and joins the Bride’s final invitation (22:17); must not be confused with ‘seven spirits’ (new term), a symbolic depiction of this same one Spirit’s fullness.
Father
Approved rendering: Ojciec
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Source of the kingdom-and-priests status (1:6) and the overcomer’s inheritance (3:5,21).
Almighty
Approved rendering: Wszechmogący
Transliteration: pantokratōr
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
Rev 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22. Matches the Nicene Creed’s ‘Bóg Ojciec Wszechmogący’; a positive doctrinal anchor. Render identically at every occurrence.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Alfa i Omega, początek i koniec
Transliteration: Alpha kai to Ō
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: paraphrase avoiding the transliterated letter-names
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
Rev 1:8; 21:6 (Father); 22:13 (Son). Identical title applied to both Father and Son is a direct deity-of-Christ claim; render identically at every occurrence, never varying the phrasing.
Eternal One Who Is Was And Is To Come
Approved rendering: Ten, który jest, i który był, i który przychodzi
Transliteration: ho ōn kai ho ēn kai ho erchomenos
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: Ten, który był, jest i będzie (reordered/simplified)
Original: ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: God
Rev 1:4,8; 4:8. Echoes Exodus 3:14 LXX (ho ōn); requires a mandatory cross-reference note since Polish gives no native signal of this divine self-existent-Name echo.
One Seated On The Throne
Approved rendering: Ten, który siedzi na tronie
Transliteration: ho kathēmenos epi tō thronō
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ
Category: God
Recurring divine title (4:2,9-10; 5:1,7,13; 6:16; 7:10,15; 19:4; 20:11; 21:5); render identically at every occurrence as a deliberate structural refrain.
Worship Proskyneo
Approved rendering: oddawać pokłon / wielbić
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
Every occurrence must be checked against whether the object is God/the Lamb (legitimate, e.g. 4:10; 5:14; 7:11) or the beast/idols (illegitimate, 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11). Analogous to ‘latria,’ distinct from ‘dulia’ offered to saints/Mary.
Angel Refuses Worship
Approved rendering: Bogu samemu oddawaj pokłon!
Transliteration: proskynēson tō theō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκύνησον τῷ θεῷ
Category: Worship
Rev 19:10; 22:8-9. The text’s own internal safeguard; a glorious angel refuses worship and redirects it to God alone — a key positive teaching resource distinguishing worship due God/the Lamb from veneration of angels, saints, or Mary.
King Of Kings And Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Król królów i Pan panów
Transliteration: basileus basileōn kai kyrios kyriōn
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
Rev 19:16, the book’s climactic title for the returning Christ; render without qualification as absolute, exclusive supremacy over every earthly ruler.
Throne Of God And Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: tron Boga i Baranka
Transliteration: ho thronos tou theou kai tou arniou
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: dwa sąsiadujące trony (two separate adjacent thrones)
Original: ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Christology
Rev 22:1,3. A single, shared throne for God and the Lamb; a strong implicit deity-of-Christ statement within Revelation’s own idiom — must not imply two separate thrones.
Every Eye Will See Him
Approved rendering: każde oko Go ujrzy
Transliteration: pas ophthalmos opsetai auton
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ludzie duchowo Go rozpoznają (invisible-presence reading)
Original: πᶶς ὀφθαλμός ὄψεται αὐτόν
Category: Christology
Rev 1:7. Visible, bodily, unmistakable, universal return; explicitly contrary to any invisible-presence theory.
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: świadek / świadectwo
Transliteration: martys / martyria
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: męczennik / męczeństwo (restricts to canonized/formal martyrs)
Original: μάρτυς / μαρτυρία
Category: Perseverance
Rev 1:2,5,9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4. Must not be restricted to formally recognized canonized martyrs; every occurrence needs a note that faithful witness is the calling of all believers.
Dragon Satan Devil
Approved rendering: Smok / Wąż / Szatan / diabeł
Transliteration: drakōn / ophis / Satanas / diabolos
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: Smok bez dopowiedzenia (leaves the Wawel-dragon folkloric association unchallenged)
Original: δράκων / ὄφις / Σατανᾶς / διάβολος
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 12:3-17; 13:2,4,11; 20:2,7,10. ‘Smok’ collides with Poland’s beloved, non-threatening ‘Smok Wawelski’ folk-hero; must always pair with the text’s own identification (12:9): ‘Smok = starodawny wąż, diabeł, Szatan.‘
Number 144000
Approved rendering: sto czterdzieści cztery tysiące
Transliteration: hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades
Doctrine: Unified (not Two-Class) People of God
Rejected alternatives: literalna, zamknięta klasa ‘namaszczonych’ (Jehovah’s Witness reading)
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 7:4-8; 14:1,3. A symbolic number (12x12x1000) for the complete, whole people of God; must be taught explicitly and contrastively against the Jehovah’s Witness literal-fixed-class doctrine, widely known in Poland.
Great Multitude
Approved rendering: wielki tłum
Transliteration: ochlos polys
Doctrine: Unified (not Two-Class) People of God
Rejected alternatives: druga, odrębna klasa zbawionych na ziemskim raju (Jehovah’s Witness reading)
Original: ὄχλος πολύς
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 7:9-17; 19:1,6. Paired with the 144,000 as the same single redeemed people viewed from a different symbolic angle (completeness vs. innumerability), not a second salvific class.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Armagedon
Transliteration: Harmagedōn
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: ogólny synonim katastrofy (secular dilution), konkretna, chronologicznie umiejscowiona bitwa (JW scheme)
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 16:16. Extremely prominent in Polish popular consciousness via Jehovah’s Witness literature; state the text’s own narrow, symbolic meaning (God’s certain victory over organized evil) explicitly.
Great White Throne Judged By Works
Approved rendering: wielki biały tron; księgi zostały otwarte; sądzeni według swoich czynów
Transliteration: thronos leukos megas / krinō kata ta erga
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: zbawienie/potępienie ustalane przez bilans uczynków (works-earned reading)
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας / κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα
Category: Judgment
Rev 20:11-13. Judgment manifests, does not establish, prior standing of faith or unbelief; protects the baseline’s forensic ‘usprawiedliwienie’ doctrine at the book’s climax.
Lake Of Fire Second Death
Approved rendering: jezioro ognia i siarki; druga śmierć
Transliteration: limnē tou pyros kai theiou / ho thanatos ho deuteros
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: czysto symboliczna nierealność, sensacyjny obraz grozy oderwany od funkcji ostrzeżenia
Original: λίμνη τοῦ πυρός καὶ θείου / ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
Rev 2:11; 19:20; 20:6,10,14-15; 21:8. Final, conscious, eternal judgment distinct from ordinary death; retain full seriousness, always paired with the genuine gospel invitation of 22:17.
New Heaven And New Earth
Approved rendering: nowe niebo i nowa ziemia
Transliteration: ouranon kainon kai gēn kainēn
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: odnowione (implying mere repair of the same fallen order), ucieczka duchowa od materii (Gnostic-adjacent reading)
Original: οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
Rev 21:1 — core passage. ‘Kainos’ (new in kind) must be distinguished in teaching from ‘neos’ (new in time); affirms a real, physical, renewed cosmos.
Bride
Approved rendering: oblubienica
Transliteration: nymphē
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: oblubienica jako tytuł osobowy Maryi w tym kontekście
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
Rev 19:7-9; 21:2,9; 22:17. Collides with the Marian devotional title ‘Oblubienica Ducha Świętego’; every occurrence requires an explicit corporate-Church clarifying note.
Kingdom Of World Becomes Kingdom Of Lord
Approved rendering: królestwo świata stało się królestwem naszego Pana i Jego Chrystusa
Transliteration: egeneto hē basileia tou kosmou tou kyriou hēmōn kai tou Christou autou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wyłącznie przyszłościowe ‘stanie się’ (loses the already-inaugurated sense)
Original: ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Rev 11:15, the great doxological climax. Must retain the ‘already announced, awaiting full consummation’ tension — not merely future, not merely past.
Called Chosen And Faithful
Approved rendering: powołani, wybrani i wierni
Transliteration: klētoi kai eklektoi kai pistoi
Doctrine: Divine Calling / Perseverance
Original: κλητοὶ καὶ ἐκλεκτοὶ καὶ πιστοί
Category: Divine Calling
Rev 17:14. A dense convergence of three baseline Critical/High terms; preserve all three distinct senses simultaneously, not blurring one into another.
Conquered By Blood And Testimony
Approved rendering: zwyciężyli krwią Baranka i słowem swego świadectwa
Transliteration: enikēsan dia to haima tou arniou kai dia ton logon tēs martyrias autōn
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἐνίκησαν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Perseverance
Rev 12:11, the definitional verse for ‘overcoming’ throughout the book. The church’s key safeguard against any political/nationalist misreading of νικάω; cross-reference at every other use.
Worship The Beast
Approved rendering: oddawać pokłon Bestii
Transliteration: proskyneō to thērion
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: προσκυνέω τὸ θηρίον
Category: Judgment
Rev 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11. The direct, deliberate inversion of true worship — the central negative case for the Worship of the Lamb doctrine.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: Stało się
Transliteration: Gegonen
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: to się stanie (tentative future, wrong tense-force)
Original: Γέγονεν
Category: Sovereignty of God
Rev 21:6. A perfect-tense declaration of accomplished, irreversible fact, functionally parallel to Christ’s ‘Wykonało się’ (John 19:30); pair with typographic/intonational distinction to avoid a casual register.
Son Covenant Formula
Approved rendering: będę mu Bogiem, a on będzie mi synem
Transliteration: esomai autō theos, kai autos estai moi huios
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ / Adoption
Original: ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεός, καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι υἱός
Category: Adoption
Rev 21:7. Covenant/sonship formula for the overcomer (echoing 2 Samuel 7:14); ‘son’ here is adoptive and must be kept distinct from the unique, eternal ‘Syn Boży’ title reserved for Christ.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation 14:6 modified by ‘wieczna’ (eternal); do not treat as a distinct end-times message different from the one gospel already fixed in translation memory.
Grace
Approved rendering: łaska
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: łaska otrzymywana głównie przez zasługi i praktyki sakramentalne
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Frames Revelation’s opening (1:4) and closing (22:21) benediction and the free water-of-life gift (21:6; 22:17); reinforces the baseline grace/merit contrast at the book’s climactic invitation.
Holy
Approved rendering: święty
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated from Medium to High within Revelation because of the trisagion (4:8, ‘Święty, Święty, Święty’), which must retain full exclusive-worship weight.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: uświęcenie
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: oczyszczenie pokutne, w tym poprzez czyściec
Inherited from Romans package. No new destination-culture risk beyond the baseline’s existing purgatorial-framework caution.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: wcielenie
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Incarnation
Inherited from Romans package. Echoed by Rev 21:3’s tabernacle motif (see new term ‘dwell_tabernacle’); the John 1:14 connection must be flagged in translator notes since a plain ‘zamieszka’ rendering alone loses it.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: poganie
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated to High in Revelation. Retain ‘poganie’ only where the negatively-charged sense truly applies; Revelation overwhelmingly requires the neutral/positive ‘narody’ instead — see new term ‘gentiles_nations’.
Glory
Approved rendering: chwała
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated from Medium to High in Revelation because 21:23’s climactic claim (God’s glory replaces the sun) must not be diluted into merely poetic imagery.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: proroctwo
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated from Low to High in Revelation, which calls itself ‘this prophecy’ and pronounces a unique canonical warning against altering it (1:3; 22:18-19).
Covenant
Approved rendering: przymierze
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: umowa prawna
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The ark of the covenant appears visibly in the heavenly temple (11:19); see new term ‘ark_of_the_covenant’.
Election
Approved rendering: wybranie
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: przeznaczenie, los
Inherited from Romans package. Converges with ‘called’ and ‘faithful’ at Rev 17:14; see new term ‘called_chosen_and_faithful’.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: wieczna Ewangelia
Transliteration: euangelion aiōnion
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: nowa, odrębna ewangelia czasów ostatecznych
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
Rev 14:6. The qualifier ‘wieczna’ emphasizes the gospel’s unchanging content amid final judgment, not a distinct end-times message different from the baseline gospel.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: siedem duchów [Bożych]
Transliteration: hepta pneumata
Doctrine: Trinitarian Fullness of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: siedem duchów (bez dopowiedzenia, ryzyko odczytania jako wielu duchów)
Original: ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Rev 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6. Symbolic sevenfold fullness of the one Holy Spirit (echoing Isaiah 11:2), never seven separate spirit-beings. Bracketed ‘[Bożych]’ plus explicit Trinitarian safeguard required at every occurrence.
Holy Holy Holy
Approved rendering: Święty, Święty, Święty
Transliteration: hagios hagios hagios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος
Category: Worship
Rev 4:8, the trisagion. Retains full weight as worship-language directed to God alone; reinforced positively by the familiar Catholic/Orthodox liturgical Sanctus.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Baranek
Transliteration: arnion
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: jagniątko (diminutive, too sentimental), owca/owieczka (loses sacrificial specificity)
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
Central Christological title (5:6-13; 6:16; 7:9-17; 13:8; 14:1-10; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,14,22-23,27; 22:1,3). ‘Baranek Boży’ (Agnus Dei) liturgical familiarity risks narrowing to a gentle, passive image; the conquering, wrath-bearing Lamb (6:16; 17:14) must be taught explicitly.
Slain
Approved rendering: zabity (jako ofiara)
Transliteration: esphagmenos
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: zabity (bez dopowiedzenia ‘jako ofiara’)
Original: ἐσφαγμένος
Category: Christology
Rev 5:6,9,12; 13:8. Preserve sacrificial-victim connotation, not merely violent death; grounds the Lamb’s worthiness in his atoning death.
Purchased Ransomed
Approved rendering: odkupić [krwią]
Transliteration: agorazō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: kupić (bez dopowiedzenia ‘krwią’, ryzyko odczytania transakcyjnego)
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Christology
Rev 5:9; 14:3-4. Given Reformation-era indulgence controversy resonant in a historically Catholic nation, teach as Christ’s costly, gracious, once-for-all act — never a human merit-transaction.
Root And Offspring Of David Morning Star
Approved rendering: korzeń i potomek Dawida / jasna gwiazda poranna
Transliteration: rhiza kai genos Dauid / astēr ho lampros ho prōinos
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ῥίζα καὶ γένος Δαυίδ / ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
Rev 5:5; 22:16. ‘Morning star’ has historic Vulgate-derived ‘Lucifer’ associations with Satan’s pride; Christ’s rightful self-designation must be explicitly distinguished from that unrelated title every time.
Firstborn From The Dead
Approved rendering: pierworodny z umarłych
Transliteration: prōtotokos tōn nekrōn
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν
Category: Christology
Rev 1:5. Ties Christ’s resurrection to his supremacy over all creation and history; retain unique preeminence, not merely ‘first among equals.‘
Ruler Of The Kings Of The Earth
Approved rendering: władca królów ziemi
Transliteration: ho archōn tōn basileōn tēs gēs
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς
Category: Christology
Rev 1:5. A present, active reality already true of the risen Christ, not a future-only title.
Freed By His Blood
Approved rendering: uwolnił nas z grzechów naszych swoją krwią
Transliteration: lysanti hēmas ek tōn hamartiōn hēmōn en tō haimati autou
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: wyzwolił nas (bez odniesienia do krwi, zbyt ogólne)
Original: λύσαντι ἡμᶶς ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
Rev 1:5. Preserve blood-atonement specificity; do not generalize into a vague ‘liberation’ detached from the cross.
Coming Soon
Approved rendering: Przyjdę wkrótce / szybko
Transliteration: erchomai tachy
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Przyjdę w konkretnym roku/dacie (date-setting), obietnica czysto symboliczna, bez realnego wypełnienia
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Eschatology
Rev 22:7,12,20. Avoid both sensationalist date-setting (a documented Jehovah’s Witness historical pattern well known in Poland) and dismissive skepticism draining pastoral urgency.
Overcomer Nikao
Approved rendering: zwyciężać / zwycięzca
Transliteration: nikaō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: zwycięzca w sensie narodowym/politycznym
Original: νικάω
Category: Perseverance
Refrain closing each of the seven letters and recurring throughout (2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 6:2; 11:7; 12:11; 13:7; 15:2; 17:14; 21:7); always anchor to 12:11’s own definition to prevent nationalistic/political-triumphalist misreading.
Patient Endurance
Approved rendering: wytrwałość
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: cierpliwa rezygnacja (passive resignation)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Rev 1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12. Active, faithful endurance under real pressure, not passive fatalism.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: ucisk / wielki ucisk
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: ogólne trudności życiowe (too generic)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
Rev 1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14. Must not collapse into one specific historical persecution episode alone, despite legitimate resonance with Poland’s totalitarian-era memory.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: synagoga szatana
Transliteration: synagōgē tou Satana
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Perseverance
Rev 2:9; 3:9. Describes a specific first-century local conflict; requires explicit historical-contextual framing given Poland’s Jewish-Christian history, never a statement about Jewish people as such.
Signify
Approved rendering: oznajmić [w znakach/wizjach]
Transliteration: sēmainō
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: powiedzieć/pokazać (flattens to plain statement)
Original: σημαίνω
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 1:1. The hermeneutical key term for the entire book — signals the whole text communicates through symbol, not photographic prediction; restate at the introduction of every major symbolic unit.
Beast
Approved rendering: Bestia
Transliteration: thērion
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: zwierzę (too generic, loses menacing register)
Original: θηρίον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Chs. 13, 17, 19. Symbolic of anti-God political/religious power across history; resonates with Poland’s totalitarian memory but must not be permanently collapsed onto one past regime.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: znamię Bestii / liczba sześćset sześćdziesiąt sześć
Transliteration: charagma tou thēriou / arithmos hexakosioi hexēkonta hex
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: dosłowny kod kreskowy/mikroczip (literalist tech misreading)
Original: χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου / ἀριθμὸς ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 13:16-18; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4. A symbol of total allegiance, contrasted with God’s seal; must not be taught as a literal modern technology nor a source of superstitious fear.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: pieczęć / opieczętować
Transliteration: sphragis / sphragizō
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4. Distinguish from (a) the seven seals closing the scroll and (b) the beast’s counterfeit ‘znamię’ — three related but distinct images.
Michael
Approved rendering: Michał
Transliteration: Michaēl
Doctrine: Angelology and the Created Order
Rejected alternatives: Michał jako inne imię/wcielenie Chrystusa (Jehovah’s Witness identification)
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 12:7. State explicitly that Michael is a created angelic being distinct from Christ, given the well-known Jehovah’s Witness identification of Michael with the pre-incarnate Christ.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: niewiasta obleczona w słońce
Transliteration: gynē peribeblēmenē ton hēlion
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: wyłącznie Maryja jako referent (excludes the corporate primary reading)
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 12:1,17. Primary referent confirmed by 12:17 is the covenant community/Church; teach the corporate reading as primary without polemicizing against personal Marian devotional associations.
Great Prostitute Babylon
Approved rendering: wielka nierządnica / Babilon wielki
Transliteration: pornē hē megalē / Babylōn hē megalē
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: identyfikacja z konkretnym współczesnym krajem
Original: πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 14:8; 17:1-18; 18:1-24. Symbolic of the whole idolatrous, exploitative world-system; teach with pastoral sensitivity to gendered imagery and explicit warning against modern national identification.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: Księga Życia
Transliteration: biblion tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Assurance of Final Salvation
Rejected alternatives: zapis tracony przez niedostateczne zasługi (merit-losable reading)
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
Rev 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27. Not a record losable through insufficient merit or ritual observance; parallels the baseline’s caution on ‘zbawienie.‘
Wrath Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: gniew Baranka
Transliteration: orgē tou arniou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: zmiękczenie do ‘sprawiedliwej reakcji’ bez słowa ‘gniew’
Original: ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Judgment
Rev 6:16. The Lamb who died for sinners is also the executor of just judgment; the deliberate juxtaposition must not be softened.
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: dusze pod ołtarzem; Dokądże, Panie?
Transliteration: psychai hypo to thysiastērion
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψυχαὶ ὑπὸ τὸ θυσιαστήριον
Category: Judgment
Rev 6:9-10. Martyrs’ cry for vindication; taught as a legitimate cry for God’s justice, not vengeful bitterness.
Vice List Unrepentant
Approved rendering: bojaźliwi, niewierni, obrzydliwi, mordercy, rozpustnicy, czarownicy, czciciele bożków, wszyscy kłamcy
Transliteration: deiloi, ebdelygmenoi, phoneis, pornoi, pharmakoi, eidōlolatrai, pseudeis
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: δειλοί, ἐβδελυγμένοι, φονεῖς, πόρνοι, φαρμακοί, εἰδωλολάτραι, ψευδεῖς
Category: Judgment
Rev 21:8. Describes unrepentant, defining life-patterns, not any single sin excluding a repentant believer; contrast explicitly with 21:7’s redeemed-sinner overcomer.
Death First
Approved rendering: śmierć
Transliteration: thanatos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
Rev 21:4. Ordinary physical death, which ‘will be no more’; must be clearly distinguished from ‘druga śmierć’ (21:8) so the two are not conflated.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Nowe Jeruzalem
Transliteration: Ierousalēm kainē
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: identyfikacja ze współczesnym państwem Izrael lub jakąkolwiek stolicą ziemską
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology
Rev 3:12; 21:2,10. Symbolic of the whole redeemed, universal people of God, not the modern political State of Israel or any earthly capital.
Holy City
Approved rendering: święte miasto
Transliteration: polis hagia
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πόλις ἁγία
Category: Eschatology
Rev 21:2. Qualifies ‘New Jerusalem,’ contrasted with ‘Babylon’; the holiness described is corporate and moral, not civic or ethnic.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: Gody Baranka
Transliteration: gamos tou arniou
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: szaty jako zasługa własna wierzących (merit-earned reading of 19:8)
Original: γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
Rev 19:7-9. ‘Righteous deeds of the saints’ (19:8) is the fruit and gift of grace already at work in believers, not an independent human achievement.
Gentiles Nations
Approved rendering: narody
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Universal Inclusion of the Nations
Rejected alternatives: poganie (negatively-charged default, undercuts universal-hope texts)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Rev 5:9; 7:9; 11:18; 15:4; 21:24-26; 22:2. The neutral/positive sense of ἔθνη is unmistakably intended in Revelation’s universal-hope, missional texts; use ‘narody,’ never the baseline’s default ‘poganie,’ in these passages.
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: woda życia / źródło wody życia (darmo)
Transliteration: hydōr tēs zōēs / pēgē tou hydatos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: woda życia jako towar zdobywany zasługą
Original: ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς / πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
Rev 21:6; 22:1-2,14,17,19. Life-giving water given freely (dōrean); preserves the grace/merit contrast already Critical in the Romans baseline (4:4-5; 11:5-6).
Thousand Years Millennium
Approved rendering: tysiąc lat / tysiącletnie królowanie
Transliteration: chilia etē
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: schemat chronologiczny Świadków Jehowy (1914)
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
Rev 20:2-7. Note interpretive diversity among mainstream Christian traditions with humility, while explicitly not adopting the Jehovah’s Witness chronological scheme; keep emphasis on assured final victory, not date-setting.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: pierwsze zmartwychwstanie
Transliteration: anastasis hē prōtē
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
Rev 20:5-6. Interpretive diversity (bodily future event vs. spiritual/positional reality) parallels the millennium debate; retain bodily-resurrection hope as non-negotiable.
The One Making All Things New
Approved rendering: Oto wszystko czynię nowe
Transliteration: kaina poiō panta
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: Uczynię wszystko nowe (flattened to simple future)
Original: καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: Eschatology
Rev 21:5. Present tense grounds present assurance now, not only a future hope yet to begin; must not be flattened to a simple future.
Dwell Tabernacle
Approved rendering: przybytek (noun); zamieszka [z nimi] (verb)
Transliteration: skēnoō / skēnē
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: zamieszka (plain rendering alone, loses the tabernacle/Incarnation echo)
Original: σκηνόω / σκηνή
Category: Sovereignty of God
Rev 21:3. Echoes the OT tabernacle and John 1:14’s Incarnation language; a plain verb rendering alone loses this deliberate intertextual resonance and should carry a translator note.
Washed Robes In Blood
Approved rendering: wyprali swoje szaty we krwi Baranka
Transliteration: eplynan tas stolas autōn en tō haimati tou arniou
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: samodzielnie osiągnięta czystość moralna
Original: ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Salvation
Rev 7:14. Cleansing accomplished by the Lamb’s blood, not the wearer’s own effort; reinforces the baseline’s forensic justification doctrine.
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: królestwo i kapłani
Transliteration: basileian kai hiereis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: status zarezerwowany dla duchowieństwa wyświęconego
Original: βασιλείαν καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
Rev 1:6; 5:10. Royal-priestly status shared by every believer through Christ’s blood; reinforces the baseline’s caution that ‘powołanie’ and ‘święci’ are not an elevated clerical class alone.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: powołany
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Converges with ‘chosen’ and ‘faithful’ at Rev 17:14; see new term ‘called_chosen_and_faithful’.
Adoption
Approved rendering: usynowienie
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Rev 21:7’s covenant/sonship formula for the overcomer; must be kept distinct from Christ’s unique eternal Sonship (see ‘son_covenant_formula’).
Church
Approved rendering: kościół
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Kościół jako jedyna prawowita instytucja hierarchiczna
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Denotes the seven local, imperfect congregations of chs. 2-3, distinct from the capitalized institutional sense central to Polish Catholic ecclesiology.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: królestwo Boże
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Culminates in Rev 11:15’s ‘kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord’; see new term ‘kingdom_of_world_becomes_kingdom_of_lord’.
Sin
Approved rendering: grzech
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: drobne przewinienie (minimizing euphemism)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Basis of Christ’s blood-atonement ‘freeing us from our sins’ (1:5); do not let mortal/venial gradation overshadow Revelation’s emphasis on decisive liberation by Christ’s blood.
Israel
Approved rendering: Izrael
Transliteration: Israēl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Twelve tribes named on New Jerusalem’s gates (21:12) and the 144,000 ‘of the tribes of Israel’ (7:4) name the covenant people, not the modern political state.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package for convention consistency; not itself present in Revelation, but the ‘Abba, paired with Ojcze’ precedent remains available for any cross-referenced liturgical material.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: potomek Dawida
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Directly underlies the new term ‘root_and_offspring_of_david_morning_star’ (5:5; 22:16).
Throne
Approved rendering: tron
Transliteration: thronos
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
Must consistently denote unique divine/messianic authority, not an earthly ecclesiastical (‘tron biskupi’) or royal ‘tron’; pair with disambiguating context throughout.
Worthy
Approved rendering: godzien
Transliteration: axios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: zasłużył sobie (merit-based connotation)
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
Rev 4:11; 5:2,4,9,12. Grounds worship in God’s/the Lamb’s own being and accomplished work, not human merit.
Cultic Service Latreuo
Approved rendering: służyć [kultem]
Transliteration: latreuō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship
Rev 7:15; 22:3. Distinct from proskyneō; denotes ongoing, active, joyful priestly service in the eternal state, not static repose.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: kadzidło — modlitwy świętych
Transliteration: thymiamata … proseuchai tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: θυμιάματα … προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
Rev 5:8; 8:3-4. A positive resource: ordinary believers’ own prayers rise directly to God; reinforces (not undermines) the baseline’s caution against defaulting ‘wstawiennictwo’ to Marian/saintly mediation.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: wieniec życia
Transliteration: stephanos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: korona królewska (royal-crown confusion)
Original: στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Perseverance
Rev 2:10. A victor’s laurel wreath (stephanos), not a royal crown (diadēma) used elsewhere for Christ (19:12); keep the athletic/military victory-wreath sense distinct.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: letni
Transliteration: chliaros
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: przeciętny/umiarkowany (dilutes the specific rebuke)
Original: χλιαρός
Category: Perseverance
Rev 3:16. Already a common Polish idiom (‘letnia wiara’); retain the specific rebuke of self-satisfied complacency, not a vague synonym for ‘average.‘
Revelation Apocalypse
Approved rendering: objawienie (concept); Apokalipsa / Objawienie (book title)
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: choosing only one tradition’s title silently
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 1:1. State both traditional Polish titles — Catholic ‘Apokalipsa św. Jana,’ Protestant ‘Objawienie św. Jana’ — explicitly in all curriculum front matter, parallel to the baseline’s gospel-naming note.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Gog i Magog
Transliteration: Gōg kai Magōg
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: konkretna współczesna identyfikacja etniczno-polityczna
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 20:8. Symbolic OT allusion (Ezekiel 38-39) for final, futile, universal rebellion; not a modern ethnic-political identification.
Four Horsemen
Approved rendering: biały, rudy (ognisty), czarny, płowy (trupio blady) koń
Transliteration: hippos leukos / pyrros / melas / chlōros
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: dosłowna kawaleria historyczna
Original: ἵππος λευκός / πυρρός / μέλας / χλωρός
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 6:1-8. Symbolic agents of conquest, war, famine, and death, not literal cavalry.
Little Scroll
Approved rendering: mała księżka / zwój
Transliteration: biblaridion
Doctrine: Inspiration and Canonicity of Scripture
Original: βιβλαρίδιον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 10:9-10. Sweet as honey, bitter in the stomach; prophetic-commissioning imagery echoing Ezekiel 3.
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: tajemnica Boża
Transliteration: mystērion tou theou
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Prophecy
Rev 10:7. God’s hidden purpose now being brought to completion; Polish ‘tajemnica’ already resonates helpfully with sacramental language (‘tajemnice wiary’).
Do Not Add Or Take Away
Approved rendering: nie dodawać / nie odbierać [od słów tego proroctwa]
Transliteration: ean tis epithē … ean tis aphelē
Doctrine: Inspiration and Canonicity of Scripture
Original: ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ … ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ
Category: Prophecy
Rev 22:18-19. Protects the textual integrity of Revelation (and by extension Scripture); must not be taught as discouraging legitimate translation, footnoting, or interpretation.
Harvest And Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: żniwo; kadź gniewu Bożego
Transliteration: therismos / lēnos tou thymou tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: θερισμός / ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
Rev 14:14-20. Judgment-harvest imagery; teach symbolically, not as a literal farming scene.
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: Arka Przymierza
Transliteration: kibōtos tēs diathēkēs
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
Rev 11:19. Requires Old Testament background (Exodus 25) for full comprehension.
Key Of David Open Door
Approved rendering: klucz Dawida; otwarte drzwi
Transliteration: kleis Dauid / thyra aneōgmenē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ogólna metafora ‘otwartej szansy/możliwości’
Original: κλεὶς Δαυίδ / θύρα ἀνεῳγμένη
Category: Covenant
Rev 3:7-8. Christ’s exclusive messianic authority to grant or withhold access, not a generic ‘open door’ opportunity metaphor.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: drzewo życia
Transliteration: xylon tēs zōēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: magiczny ‘eliksir życia’ (folk-magic conflation)
Original: ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Rev 2:7; 22:2,14,19. Edenic restoration motif; its leaves are ‘for the healing of the nations,’ reinforcing the positive ‘narody’ reading.
No More Curse
Approved rendering: nie będzie już przekleństwa
Transliteration: ouk estai eti katara
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
Rev 22:3. The final undoing of Genesis 3’s curse; the comprehensive reversal of the fall’s effects, not merely relief from personal misfortune.
Trustworthy And True
Approved rendering: wiarygodne i prawdziwe
Transliteration: pistoi kai alēthinoi
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί
Category: Sovereignty of God
Rev 21:5. God’s own words as the ultimate, dependable ground of the promise; note the etymological link of ‘wiarygodne’ to ‘wiara’ (faith) — a divine guarantee, not a human epistemic claim.
His People
Approved rendering: jego ludem
Transliteration: laoi autou
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: λαοὶ αὐτοῦ
Category: Covenant
Rev 21:3. Covenant-formula language (Exodus 6:7; Jeremiah 31:33; Ezekiel 37:27) reaching its permanent, final form; requires Old Testament covenant background.
Sea Symbolic
Approved rendering: morze
Transliteration: thalassa
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάλασσα
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 4:6; 13:1; 21:1. Symbol of chaos and the beast’s origin-point; ‘the sea was no more’ signals final removal of chaos, more than a geographic detail.
Wipe Away Every Tear
Approved rendering: wytrze każdą łzę
Transliteration: exaleipsei pan dakryon
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ἐξαλείψει πᶶν δάκρυον
Category: Assurance
Rev 7:17; 21:4. Requires identical rendering across both occurrences per cross-document consistency rules.
Mourning Crying Pain
Approved rendering: żałoba, krzyk (wołanie), ból
Transliteration: penthos / kraugē / ponos
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: πένθος / κραυγή / πόνος
Category: Assurance
Rev 21:4. Ensure the list reads as comprehensive and final, not a partial or merely emotional comfort.
Hidden Manna White Stone
Approved rendering: skryta manna; biały kamień
Transliteration: manna kekrymmenon / psēphos leukē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μάννα κεκρυμμένον / ψῆφος λευκή
Category: Perseverance
Rev 2:17. Symbols of hidden, intimate divine favor and new identity given to the overcomer; teach as personal divine favor, not a literal food/token.
Four Living Creatures And Elders
Approved rendering: cztery żywe istoty; dwudziestu czterech starców
Transliteration: zōa / presbyteroi
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ζῷα / πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Worship
Rev 4:4-11; 5:6-14; 19:4. Drawn from Ezekiel/Isaiah throne visions; requires an Old Testament background note.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostoł
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Named among the New Jerusalem’s twelve foundations (21:14) and tested for authenticity (2:2).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: dziękczynienie
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Present in the heavenly doxology (7:12).
Prophet
Approved rendering: prorok
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Contrasted with the ‘false_prophet’ (new term) of chs. 13,16,19,20.
David
Approved rendering: Dawid
Transliteration: Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Source of multiple Christological titles (3:7; 5:5; 22:16).
Wormwood
Approved rendering: Piołun
Transliteration: Apsinthos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: Ἄψινθος
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 8:11. Standard Polish botanical-name rendering; retains the judgment wordplay.
Medium-High Risk Terms
False Prophet
Approved rendering: fałszywy prorok
Transliteration: pseudoprophētēs
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 16:13; 19:20; 20:10. The second beast of ch. 13 named later; keep the identity-link explicit at every later occurrence.
Abyss
Approved rendering: otchłań
Transliteration: abyssos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: piekło (conflates present holding-place with final judgment)
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
Rev 9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1-3. A present, temporary, divinely permitted holding-place for demonic forces, distinct from the final ‘jezioro ognia.’
Referenced passages