Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians | English → Somali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all sixteen chapters of 1 Corinthians. Terms already established in the Romans baseline (translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json) are marked Baseline Reuse: Yes and MUST use the exact recorded Somali rendering — no re-derivation permitted. New terms first introduced by this curriculum are marked Baseline Reuse: No and carry a proposed rendering, risk tier, and grounded justification for Phase 2 enforcement.
Risk tiers and review routing follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions exactly:
- Critical → mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence
- High → mandatory human theologian review
- Medium → native speaker review recommended
- Low → automated review sufficient
Part A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans → 1 Corinthians)
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Somali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | Injiilka | High | Gospel | 1, 2, 4, 9, 15, 16 | Reuse exactly; living proclamation, not the contested-book reading. |
| Grace | χάρις (charis) | Nimco | High | Grace | 1, 3, 15, 16 | Never barako; always contrasted with camal wanaagsan where relevant (esp. 15:10). |
| Faith / Believe | πίστις / πιστεύω (pistis/pisteuō) | Iimaan (rumaysan/rumaystay) | High | Faith | 2, 3, 12, 13, 15, 16 | Object of faith (the risen Christ, the gospel events) must be explicit. |
| Called / Calling | κλητός / κλῆσις (klētos/klēsis) | Loo yeedhay / Yeedhid | High | Divine Calling | 1, 7, 15 | Context-sensitive: apostolic call vs. call to salvation. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | Diray | High | Apostleship | 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 | Never Rasuul. |
| Holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | Quduus | High | Sanctification | 1, 3, 7 | |
| Saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | Quduusiinta | High | Sainthood | 1, 6, 16 | Corporate designation, not an ascetic/venerated elite. |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) | Quduusnimo | High | Sanctification | 1, 6 | |
| Church | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia) | Kiniisadda | Medium | Church as God’s People | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16 | |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | Rabbiga | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | ”Jesus is Lord” (12:3) = Ciise waa Rabbiga, verbatim-consistent with Romans 10:9. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | Ciise | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | Always paired with Masiixa in doctrinal content. |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός (Christos) | Masiixa | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | |
| God | θεός (theos) | Ilaah | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | Ruuxa Quduuska ah | Critical | Sanctification | 2, 3, 6, 12, 14 | Never Jibriil; teach explicitly as the third Person of the Trinity on first occurrence in this curriculum. |
| Spiritual Gifts | χαρίσματα (charismata) | Hadiyado Ruuxa ah | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | 7, 12, 14 | Never karaamad. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (koinōnia) | Wadaaga | Low | Christian Fellowship | 1, 10 | |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία-related (eucharistia) | Mahadnaqid | Low | Thanksgiving | 1, 14 | |
| Glory | δόξα (doxa) | Ammaan | High | Deity of Christ | 1, 2, 10, 11, 15 | Never nuur. |
| Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ (dynamis theou) | Awoodda Ilaah | High | Power of God for Salvation | 1, 2, 4, 6 | |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | Sarakicidda | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 15 (throughout) | Never kor loo qaaday; requires prior real death. |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ (basileia tou theou) | Boqortooyada Ilaah | Medium | Kingdom Mission | 4, 6, 15 | Never dawladda. |
| Law (Mosaic) | νόμος (nomos) | Qaanuunka Muuse | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 9, 14 | Never Sharciga. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | Dembi | High | Universal Human Accountability | 6, 7, 15 | |
| Covenant | διαθήκη (diathēkē) | Axdiga | Medium | Davidic/New Covenant | 11 | ”New covenant” = Axdiga Cusub. |
| Prophecy / Prophet | προφητεία / προφήτης | Wax sii sheegidda / Nabi | Medium/Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 12, 13, 14 | |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | Aabbe | Critical | Adoption into God’s Family | 1, 8, 15 | |
| Exhort/Edify (root) | παρακαλέω / οἰκοδομή-adjacent | Dhiirigelin | Low | Mutual Edification | 14 | |
| Mission/Evangelism (proclamation) | ἀποστολή/πέμπω-adjacent | Warka wanaagsan faafinta | Critical | Mission to the Nations | 15 (κηρύσσω context) | Never wacdinta; kēryssō (15:11) must be handled per the Critical entry in Part B, distinct from but consistent with this baseline term. |
Part B — New Terms Introduced in 1 Corinthians
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Somali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected / Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross | σταυρός (stauros) | Iskutallaabta | Critical | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | Must never be softened toward metaphor/symbol only; direct collision with Qur’an 4:157’s denial of Christ’s death. |
| Wisdom (of God) | σοφία (sophia) | Xigmadda | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 2 | Shared with Islamic hikmah vocabulary (resonance); must explicitly connect wisdom to the cross’s weakness/shame, uncommon in folk usage. |
| Foolishness | μωρία (mōria) | Nacasnimo | Low-Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 4 | Standard term; risk is in doctrinal framing, not the word. |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα/βαπτίζω (baptisma/baptizō) | Baabtiisid / Baabtiiska | High | Christian Identity in Christ | 1, 6, 12, 15 | Must not collapse into ritual washing (wadaraysi/ghusl); union-with-Christ content must be taught explicitly. |
| Division/Faction | σχίσμα (schisma) | Kala qaybsanaanta | High | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 1 | Rejected bare “kala tagid” (mere parting) as too weak; must connect to qabiil (clan) division risk in teaching notes. |
| Boasting | καύχημα/καυχάομαι (kauchēma/kauchaomai) | Faanka | Low-Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 1 | |
| Mystery | μυστήριον (mystērion) | Qarsoodiga Ilaah | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2, 15 (cf. 15:51) | Distinguish from Sufi bāṭin esoteric-elite knowledge; Paul’s mystery is revealed to all believers. |
| Spiritual person / Natural person | πνευματικός / ψυχικός (pneumatikos/psychikos) | Ninka Ruuxa Ilaah leh / Ninka aan Ruuxa lahayn | Medium-High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2 | Not a piety-performance category (rejects hufnaanta diinta framing); Spirit-indwelling by grace. |
| Mind of Christ | νοῦς Χριστοῦ (nous Christou) | Maskaxda Masiixa | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2 | |
| Carnal/Fleshly | σαρκικός (sarkikos) | Kuwa jidhka ah | Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 3 | Shares root with “jidh qaadasho” (incarnation); distinguish unredeemed appetite from the Son’s assumption of humanity. |
| Temple of God | ναὸς θεοῦ (naos theou) | Macbudka Ilaah | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 3, 6 | Must not be pictured as a literal building akin to a masjid; refers to the church corporately (ch.3) and the individual body (ch.6). |
| The Day (testing of works) | ἡ ἡμέρα (hē hēmera) | Maalinta la Imtixaami doono shuqulladeenna | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 3 | Rejected any phrasing implying salvation itself is tested; only ministry/works quality is evaluated (rejects camal wanaagsan salvation-ledger framing). |
| Steward | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | Wakiilka | Low-Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 4 | |
| Sexual Immorality | πορνεία (porneia) | Sino | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5, 6 | Rejected implying Sharia hudud-style criminal-legal consequence; Paul’s remedy is restorative church discipline. |
| Hand over to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σαταν᷇ | Shaydaanka loo dhiibo | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | Must be taught as restorative discipline (5:5), not clan-style ostracism or curse-invocation. |
| Passover (typology) | πάσχα (pascha) | Iidda Kormaridda | High | Church Discipline and Holiness / Cross | 5 | Requires explicit Exodus background teaching; low OT narrative literacy risk. |
| Leaven/Unleavened | ζύμη/ἄζυμος (zymē/azymos) | Khamiirka / Kibista aan khamiir lahayn | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | Imagery term; doctrinal weight in the corruption-spreads metaphor. |
| Washed | ἀπολούω (apolouō) | La maydhay | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | 6 | Teach alongside, not identical to, baptism. |
| Marriage | γάμος (gamos) | Guurka | High | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Paul’s mutual/symmetrical marital-obligation language (7:3-5) differs from Somali polygynous norms; requires theologian-level framing. |
| Singleness / Virgin | ἄγαμος/παρθένος (agamos/parthenos) | Kali-ahaanshaha / Bikradda | High | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Chosen singleness as a positive calling runs against near-universal marriage expectation in Somali culture. |
| Divorce/Separation | χωρίζω/ἀπολύω (chōrizō/apolyō) | Furitaanka | High | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Distinguish Paul’s pastoral case-reasoning from Sharia-style talaaq legal procedure. |
| Food Offered to Idols | εἰδωλόθυτον (eidōlothyton) | Hilibka sanamyada loo bixiyey | Medium-High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | Connects to shirk category; nuanced liberty-and-love argument must not be flattened into either endorsement or absolute-avoidance legalism. |
| Idol | εἴδωλον (eidōlon) | Sanamka / Sanamyada | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | Genuine resonance with Islamic monotheism; risk is losing the conscience/love qualification (8:9-13). |
| Knowledge | γνῶσις (gnōsis) | Aqoonta | Low-Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8 | Contrasted with love as insufficient alone. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | Wacyiga | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | Individualized internal moral faculty, distinct from communal halaal/haraam legal-category reasoning. |
| Stumbling Block | πρόσκομμα/σκάνδαλον | Wax lagu turunturoodo | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | |
| Race/Contest (imagery) | ἀγών/τρέχω (agōn/trechō) | Tartanka | Low | Christian Liberty | 9 | Cultural-background note sufficient; low doctrinal risk. |
| Imperishable Prize | βραβεῖον/στέφανος | Abaalmarinta aan qudhmi karin | Medium | Christian Liberty | 9 | Reward for discipline, not ground of salvation (grace-merit caution applies). |
| Temptation/Testing | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | Jirrabaadda | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | Pair with Daryeelka Ilaah (baseline providence term) to avoid qaddar-style fatalism. |
| Head/Headship | κεφαλή (kephalē) | Madaxa / Madaxnimada | High | Order in Worship | 11 | Risk of conflation with, or confusing partial departure from, existing Islamic head-covering practice; requires theologian review. |
| Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον (kyriakon deipnon) | Cashada Rabbiga | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | No Islamic equivalent; blood language must be framed as commemorative, never literal consumption. |
| Body/Blood (sacramental) | σῶμα/αἷμα (sōma/haima) | Jidhkiisa / Dhiiggiisa | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 (cf. 10:16) | Blood consumption is haram in Islamic law; must always carry explicit memorial framing (“in remembrance of me”). |
| Discerning the Body | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | Kala saarista Jidhka Masiixa | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Severe consequence language (11:29-30) requires careful, non-alarmist teaching framing. |
| Body of Christ | σῶμα Χριστοῦ (sōma Christou) | Jidhka Masiixa | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Direct countercultural challenge to qabiil (clan) hierarchy; must not be softened. |
| Members | μέλη (melē) | Xubnaha | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | |
| Love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | Jacaylka | Critical | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | Must be distinguished from Somali gabay/heello romantic-love (erōs-type) tradition and qaraabo kinship-affection; agapē is willed, self-giving, covenantal. |
| Hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | Rajo | Medium | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | Distinguish from probabilistic everyday hope and from Islamic deferred-certainty soteriology. |
| Tongues | γλῶσσα/γλῶσσαι (glōssa/glōssai) | Afaf (Ruuxa) | High | Order in Worship | 14 | Must not be mapped onto either side of the Sufi dhikr / Salafi-critique debate over ecstatic religious speech. |
| Interpretation | ἑρμηνεία (hermēneia) | Fasiraadda | Medium | Order in Worship | 14 | |
| Order | τάξις (taxis) | Nidaamka | Low | Order in Worship | 14 | |
| Silence (disputed passage) | σιγάω (sigaō) | Aamusnaanta | High | Order in Worship | 14 | 14:34-35 exegetically contested; render literally, flag entire passage for theologian review without unilateral interpretive resolution. |
| Firstfruits | ἀπαρχή (aparchē) | Midhihii Ugu Horreeyay | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Guarantees believers’ resurrection is same-in-kind as Christ’s own bodily resurrection. |
| Last Adam / First Adam | Ἀδὰμ ἔσχατος / ὁ πρῶτος Ἀδάμ | Aadankii Dambe / Aadankii Hore | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Typology collides with fitrah (sinless birth) doctrine; Christ as corporate-humanity head has no Qur’anic Adam-as-prophet parallel. |
| Spiritual Body / Natural Body | σῶμα πνευματικόν / σῶμα ψυχικόν | Jidh Ruuxa ah / Jidh dabiici ah | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Must affirm real bodily continuity and transformation, not disembodied survival — guards against reinforcing the kor loo qaaday confusion. |
| Perishable/Imperishable | φθαρτός/ἄφθαρτος | Aan qudhmi karin | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | |
| Mortal/Immortality | θνητός/ἀθανασία | Dhimasho / Dhimashola’aanta | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | |
| Sting of Death / Victory | κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου / νῖκος | Qaniinyada Dhimashada / Guusha | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | |
| Delivered/Received (tradition) | παρέδωκα/παρέλαβον (paredōka/parelabon) | La gudbiyay / La helay | High | Inspiration of Scripture | 11, 15 | Anchors resurrection creed as early, fixed, communal tradition; engages tahriif objections directly. |
| For (substitutionary) | ὑπέρ (hyper) | u dhintay (“died for”) | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Must convey substitution, not generic causation; small preposition carrying entire atonement weight. |
| According to the Scriptures | κατὰ τὰς γραφάς (kata tas graphas) | Sida Qorniinku leeyahay | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 15 | Consistent phrasing required across citation-formula occurrences. |
| Buried | ἐτάφη (etaphē) | La aasay | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 15 | Always paired with sarakicidda; affirms real, completed death. |
| Appeared | ὤφθη (ōphthē) | Wuu u muuqday | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 15 | Objective, bodily eyewitness appearance; never a dream/vision-only rendering. |
| Fallen Asleep | ἐκοιμήθησαν (ekoimēthēsan) | Way hurdeen (dhinteen) | Medium | Resurrection of Believers | 15 | Genuine resonance with Somali funerary sleep-euphemism; needs resurrection-hope content taught explicitly. |
| Preach/Proclaim | κηρύσσω (kēryssō) | Waan ku dhawaaqnaa | Critical | Evangelism / Gospel | 15 | Descriptive of historical apostolic proclamation only; must not be expanded into operational evangelism instructions; distinct from but consistent with baseline mission term. |
| Untimely Born | ἔκτρωμα (ektrōma) | Sida kan aan wakhtigiisu ahayn | Medium | Grace / Apostleship | 15 | Vivid self-deprecating image reinforcing grace-not-merit. |
| Persecuted | ἐδίωξα (ediōxa) | Waan silciyey | Medium | Grace | 15 | |
| In Vain | εἰκῇ/κενός (eikē/kenos) | Waxtarla’aan | Medium | Assurance of Salvation | 15 | Must retain full-futility force, not softened to “half-heartedly”; consistent rendering required at every occurrence (15:2, 10, 14, 17, 58). |
| Collection/Offering | λογία (logia) | Ururinta Deeqda | Medium | Christian Fellowship / Giving | 16 | Distinguish voluntary, grace-motivated giving from zakat’s obligatory structure. |
| Holy Kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον (philēma hagion) | Dhunkasho Quduus ah | Low-Medium | Christian Fellowship | 16 | Cultural-practice adaptation issue; recommend functional-equivalent greeting note. |
| Accursed/Anathema | ἀνάθεμα (anathema) | Ha la inkaaro | Medium-High | Love as the Greater Way (contrast) | 16 | Frame as Paul’s solemn warning, not a formula for believers to pronounce on others. |
| Maranatha | Μαρανα θα (Marana tha) | Maraana Thaa | Medium | Resurrection Hope / Second Coming | 16 | Retain transliteration per the baseline’s Abba/Abbaa precedent. |
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Baseline Reuse Terms (Part A) | New Terms (Part B) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| High | 9 | 16 | 25 |
| Medium | 4 | 15 | 19 |
| Low | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| Total | 23 | 43 | 66 |
Terms requiring mandatory human theologian review (Critical + High): 38 Terms recommended for native speaker review (Medium): 19 Terms sufficient for automated review (Low): 9
Cross-Reference to Curriculum Doctrines
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Chapters | Key Glossary Terms |
|---|---|---|
| The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 (core), 6 | Sarakicidda, La aasay, Wuu u muuqday, Midhihii Ugu Horreeyay, Aadankii Dambe/Hore, Jidh Ruuxa ah/Jidh dabiici ah, Aan qudhmi karin, Dhimashola’aanta |
| Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 1–4, 12 | Kala qaybsanaanta, Jidhka Masiixa, Xubnaha, Faanka |
| The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1–2 | Iskutallaabta, Xigmadda, Nacasnimo, Qarsoodiga Ilaah, Awoodda Ilaah |
| Church Discipline and Holiness | 3, 5–6 | Macbudka Ilaah, Sino, Shaydaanka loo dhiibo, Iidda Kormaridda, Quduusnimo |
| Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Guurka, Kali-ahaanshaha, Bikradda, Furitaanka |
| Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8–10 | Hilibka sanamyada loo bixiyey, Sanamyada, Wacyiga, Xorriyadda, Jirrabaadda |
| The Lord’s Supper | 10–11 | Cashada Rabbiga, Jidhkiisa, Dhiiggiisa, Kala saarista Jidhka Masiixa, Axdiga Cusub |
| Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12, 14 | Hadiyado Ruuxa ah, Jidhka Masiixa, Xubnaha, Afaf (Ruuxa), Fasiraadda |
| Love as the Greater Way | 13 | Jacaylka, Rajo, Iimaan |
| Order in Worship | 11, 14 | Madaxnimada, Nidaamka, Aamusnaanta, Afaf (Ruuxa) |
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Rabbiga
Transliteration: RAHB-bee-gah
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sayidka (master/boss, non-divine)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 12:3’s confession ‘Jesus is Lord’ = Ciise waa Rabbiga must render verbatim-identically to Romans 10:9. Never sayidka.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Ciise
Transliteration: SEE-say
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Nabi Ciise’ (Prophet Jesus, without Masiixa)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Always paired with Masiixa in doctrinal content throughout 1 Corinthians, preventing drift toward the bare Qur’anic-prophet referent.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Masiixa
Transliteration: mah-SEE-khah
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: nabi kaliya (merely a prophet)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Carries full Davidic-covenant, atoning-savior, bodily-resurrected content at 1:23-24 and 15:3-8; never the emptied Qur’anic al-Masih reading.
God
Approved rendering: Ilaah
Transliteration: ee-LAHH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Eebe (devotional/invocation register), Alle (direct Arabic loan)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruuxa Quduuska ah
Transliteration: ROO-khah koo-DOOS-kah ah
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Jibriil (the archangel Gabriel)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. First occurrence in this curriculum at 2:10-14; must be explicitly re-taught here as God himself, the third Person of the Trinity, given the widespread ‘Ruh al-Qudus = Jibriil’ Islamic commentary reading. Also central to 12:4-11’s gifts teaching.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Sarakicidda
Transliteration: sah-rah-kee-CID-dah
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: kor loo qaaday (being raised up to heaven, without dying)
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγήγερται
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. The single most load-bearing term in 1 Corinthians (chapter 15). Must always presuppose a real, prior death; never kor loo qaaday. Also applies to the future resurrection of believers (15:12-58), which must be taught as the same kind of bodily event, not a disembodied one.
Father
Approved rendering: Aabbe
Transliteration: AH-beh
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: Abuure (Creator, avoiding relational language)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Used of God at 1:3, 8:6, 15:24. When applied metaphorically to Paul as spiritual ‘father’ of the Corinthian church (4:15), ensure the non-divine sense is unambiguous in context so it is not confused with the Fatherhood-of-God doctrine.
Mission
Approved rendering: Warka wanaagsan faafinta
Transliteration: WAR-kah wah-NAHG-sahn fah-ah-FIN-tah
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: wacdinta (preaching/proselytizing, dangerous given lethal risk of open evangelism in parts of Somalia)
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω-adjacent
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Background theme for the collection for the Jerusalem saints (16:1-4). Distinct at the term level from the new, Critical-risk kēryssō entry (preached_proclaimed) below, which addresses the specific historical apostolic proclamation act described in 15:11.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Badbaado
Transliteration: bahd-BAH-doh
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: jannada gelid (entering paradise, as the whole content)
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζεσθε
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The present tense at 15:2 (‘you are being saved’) must be preserved as a currently-experienced reality anchored in the historical events of 15:3-4, not deferred to an undisclosed future judgment. Also present at 3:15 (ministry-quality testing, not salvation status).
Cross
Approved rendering: Iskutallaabta
Transliteration: is-koo-tah-LAHB-tah
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: a devotional Arabic loanword for crucifixion (risks unwanted syncretic associations), purely symbolic/metaphorical phrasing
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
New term. The historical reality of a genuine execution-by-crucifixion directly collides with Qur’an 4:157’s denial that Ciise actually died — the same collision already Critical for resurrection_of_christ in the baseline. Every occurrence (1:17-18, 1:23, 2:2) must be routed to human theologian review and must never be softened toward metaphor.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: Cashada Rabbiga
Transliteration: cah-SHAH-dah RAHB-bee-gah
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Worship
New term. 10:16-17, 11:17-34. No Islamic equivalent exists. Touches two acute sensitivities: blood imagery (haram in Islamic law) and sacred-meal/communal-boundary practices (clan-hospitality significance). Must always be framed as commemorative proclamation of Christ’s death (11:26), never literal blood consumption.
Body And Blood Sacramental
Approved rendering: Jidhkiisa / Dhiiggiisa
Transliteration: JID-kee-sah / DHEEG-gee-sah
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Worship
New term. 11:24-25, ‘This is my body… this cup is the new covenant in my blood.’ Must always co-occur with explicit ‘in remembrance of me’ memorial framing, never presented as ongoing literal consumption.
Love
Approved rendering: Jacaylka
Transliteration: jah-CAYL-kah
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
New term. 1 Corinthians 13, entire chapter. Somali’s celebrated gabay/heello oral love-poetry tradition overwhelmingly codes ‘jacayl’ as romantic passion (erōs-adjacent), and qaraabo kinship vocabulary frames affection as clan-loyalty; agapē’s willed, self-giving, non-jealous, covenantal content must be taught explicitly on first use every time, or the chapter’s force is lost. No better lexical option exists; retain Jacaylka but never without the distinguishing gloss.
Last Adam First Adam
Approved rendering: Aadankii Hore / Aadankii Dambe
Transliteration: ah-dahn-KEE HOH-reh / ah-dahn-KEE DAHM-beh
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: Ἀδὰμ ἔσχατος / ὁ πρῶτος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
New term. 15:22, 45-49. Requires accepting both universal inherited consequence from Adam (colliding with fitrah, the Islamic doctrine of sinless birth) and Christ functioning as a corporate-humanity-representing head, a role with no Qur’anic Adam-as-prophet parallel.
Spiritual Body Natural Body
Approved rendering: Jidh dabiici ah / Jidh Ruuxa ah
Transliteration: JID dah-BEE-cee ah / JID ROO-khah ah
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν / σῶμα ψυχικόν
Category: Eschatology
New term. 15:35-49. Highest-risk term in the book: a careless rendering could reinforce the very kor loo qaaday (no-death, disembodied) confusion the baseline flags as the single most dangerous doctrinal collision in the pipeline. The shared ‘jidh’ (body) root must be retained in both halves of the contrast so real bodily continuity and transformation, not disembodiment, is grammatically unmistakable.
Substitutionary For
Approved rendering: u dhintay
Transliteration: oo DHIN-tay
Doctrine: The Cross as Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: u dhintay oo ah sabab kaliya (died merely because of/in connection with sin — generic causation, rejected)
Original: ὑπέρ
Category: Salvation
New term. 15:3, ‘Christ died for our sins.’ Somali lacks a single compact preposition for hyper; the constructed phrase must unmistakably convey substitution-in-place-of, not mere association or sequence, or the entire atonement doctrine erodes.
Buried
Approved rendering: La aasay
Transliteration: lah AH-say
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἐτάφη
Category: Christology
New term. 15:4, ‘he was buried.’ The narrative hinge proving a real, completed death preceded the resurrection; must always appear paired with sarakicidda.
Appeared
Approved rendering: Wuu u muuqday
Transliteration: woo oo MOOQ-day
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Christology
New term. 15:5-8, to Cephas, the twelve, five hundred brothers, James, all the apostles, and Paul. The linguistic backbone of the eyewitness argument for bodily resurrection; never softened toward a dream/vision-only rendering.
Preached Proclaimed
Approved rendering: waan ku dhawaaqnaa
Transliteration: wahn koo dhah-WAHQ-nah
Doctrine: Evangelism
Rejected alternatives: wacdinta (dangerous proselytizing connotation), a bare single-word gloss (risks sounding like a present-day instruction to act)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Church
New term. 15:11, describing the apostles’ historical proclamation only. Must never be expanded into implied real-world instructions for present-day public gospel proclamation in Somalia; route to human theologian review for pastoral/physical-safety framing, per the baseline’s evangelism escalation rule.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Injiilka
Transliteration: in-JEEL-kah
Doctrine: Gospel as Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Rejected alternatives: war wanaagsan (generic ‘good news’, without the proclamation weight)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 this must be taught as Paul’s living, apostolically-transmitted proclamation of a fixed resurrection creed, not a bare reference to a book Islamic tradition treats as corrupted (tahriif).
Grace
Approved rendering: Nimco
Transliteration: NIM-koh
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: naxariis (mercy/compassion), barako (blessing/spiritual potency tied to a Sufi sheekh’s lineage or tomb)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians 15:10 Paul’s apostolic identity and labor are entirely grace-caused, not merit-caused; the labor is grace’s fruit, never its ground. Never barako.
Faith
Approved rendering: Iimaan
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: rumaysad (generic belief/conviction)
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Verb form rumaystay/rumaysateen used at 15:2, 11. The object of faith (the risen Christ, the historical events of 15:3-8) must remain explicit, not left as generalized Islamic iimaan.
Called
Approved rendering: Loo yeedhay
Transliteration: loh yeh-DHAI
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: la casuumay (invited, as to a social event)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Used of Paul’s apostolic call (1:1) and believers called into fellowship with Christ (1:9); context-sensitive per baseline rule.
Calling
Approved rendering: Yeedhid
Transliteration: yeh-DHID
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: casuumaad
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form; not used extensively in 1 Corinthians but retained for consistency with 1:1-2, 1:9 usage of the klētos family.
Apostle
Approved rendering: Diray
Transliteration: dee-RYE
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Rasuul (the specific Islamic title functioning as a near-proper-name for Muhammad)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Especially load-bearing in this book at 15:5-9, the resurrection-witness apostle list, and 9:1-2, 12:28-29. Never Rasuul.
Holy
Approved rendering: Quduus
Transliteration: koo-DOOS
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: nadiif (ritually/physically clean)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 1:2, 3:17, 7:14, 7:34.
Saints
Approved rendering: Quduusiinta
Transliteration: koo-doo-SEEN-tah
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: awliyada / wadaaddada (venerated Sufi saints/sheekhs receiving siyaaro pilgrimage)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 1:2 addresses a fractious, imperfect congregation as quduusiinta, reinforcing the baseline’s warning that this is a corporate designation, not an ascetic elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Quduusnimo
Transliteration: koo-doos-NEE-moh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: nadiifin (ritual cleaning)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 1:30 and in the 6:11 conversion formula (‘washed, sanctified, justified’).
Glory
Approved rendering: Ammaan
Transliteration: ah-MAHN
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nuur (associated with Sufi Nuurka Muxammed pre-existent-light devotion)
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Contrasted with human boasting at 1:29-31 and connected to resurrection-body glory at 15:40-43. Never nuur.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Awoodda Ilaah
Transliteration: ah-WOHD-dah ee-LAHH
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: xoogga Ilaah (raw force)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 1:18-24 (the cross as God’s power) and 6:14 (resurrection power).
Law
Approved rendering: Qaanuunka Muuse
Transliteration: kah-noon-kah MOO-say
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: Sharciga (the same word used for Islamic religious law/Sharia)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Cited at 9:8-9 and referenced at 9:20 (Paul becoming ‘as one under the law’). Never Sharciga.
Sin
Approved rendering: Dembi
Transliteration: DEM-bee
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: qalad (mistake/error)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Christ died ‘for our sins’ (15:3); believers were once ‘in your sins’ apart from the resurrection (15:17). The Adam typology (15:22, 45-49) sharpens the tension with fitrah (Islamic doctrine of sinless birth) and needs explicit teaching support.
Baptism
Approved rendering: Baabtiisid / Baabtiiska
Transliteration: bahb-TEE-sid / bahb-TEES-kah
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Rejected alternatives: wadaraysi / ghusl-style ritual washing terms (purificatory but not identity-transferring)
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Salvation
New term. Used at 1:13-17 (factions forming around who baptized whom) and 12:13 (‘baptized into one body’). Union-with-Christ content must be taught explicitly alongside the term to prevent collapse into a merely ceremonial-cleansing reading.
Division Faction
Approved rendering: Kala qaybsanaanta
Transliteration: kah-lah kayb-sah-NAHN-tah
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: kala tagid (mere parting, too weak)
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
New term. 1:10-17 names the concrete problem of rival factions around Paul/Apollos/Cephas/Christ. Lands on the most sensitive fault line in Somali society (qabiil/clan division); must be connected to that parallel in teaching notes, not left abstract.
Spiritual Person Natural Person
Approved rendering: Ninka Ruuxa Ilaah leh / Ninka aan Ruuxa lahayn
Transliteration: NIN-kah ROO-khah ee-LAHH leh / NIN-kah ahn ROO-khah lah-HAYN
Doctrine: Spiritual Discernment (Spiritual vs. Natural Person)
Original: πνευματικός / ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
New term. 2:14-15. Must avoid implying this distinction is earned by religious devotion or ritual observance (the hufnaanta diinta pattern flagged under obedience_of_faith in the baseline); it is Spirit-indwelling by grace, not comparative piety.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: Macbudka Ilaah
Transliteration: mac-BOOD-kah ee-LAHH
Doctrine: The Church (and the Believer’s Body) as God’s Temple
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ / ναὸς τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: Church
New term. 3:16-17 (corporate church), 6:19-20 (individual believer’s body). Risks readers picturing a literal building akin to a masjid; must be explicitly taught as Spirit-indwelt sacred space, not architecture.
Day Of Testing
Approved rendering: Maalinta la Imtixaami doono shuqulladeenna
Transliteration: mah-lin-tah lah im-tee-KHAH-mee doh-noh shoo-qool-lah-DEHN-nah
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ἡ ἡμέρα
Category: Eschatology
New term. 3:13-15. Must be carefully distinguished from the deeds-ledger (camal wanaagsan) judgment framework already Critical in the baseline’s righteousness/salvation entries — here ministry quality, not salvation status, is evaluated.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: Sino
Transliteration: SEE-noh
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
New term. 5:1, 6:13-18. ‘Sino’ operates within Islamic legal categories (zina) carrying defined hudud punishments; the teaching must make clear Paul’s remedy is restorative church discipline, not a criminal-legal penalty.
Handed Over To Satan
Approved rendering: Shaydaanka loo dhiibo
Transliteration: shay-DAHN-kah loh DHEE-boh
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church
New term. 5:5. Must be taught as restorative discipline aimed at the offender’s ultimate salvation, distinct from clan-style ostracism or curse/spell invocation. Always pair with the stated restorative purpose clause.
Passover Typology
Approved rendering: Iidda Kormaridda
Transliteration: EED-dah kor-mah-RID-dah
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
New term. 5:7, ‘Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.’ Requires explicit Exodus background teaching given low OT narrative literacy.
Marriage
Approved rendering: Guurka
Transliteration: GOOR-kah
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage
New term. 7:1-40. Paul’s mutual, symmetrical marital-obligation language (7:3-5) diverges from Somali polygynous marital norms; requires theologian-level framing, not bare lexical translation.
Singleness Virginity
Approved rendering: Kali-ahaanshaha / Bikradda
Transliteration: kah-lee-ah-HAHN-shah-hah / bik-RAHD-dah
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος / παρθένος
Category: Marriage
New term. 7:8, 25-38. Paul’s positive valuation of chosen singleness runs directly against the near-universal Somali social expectation of marriage, especially for women’s status and security.
Divorce Separation
Approved rendering: Furitaanka
Transliteration: foo-ree-TAHN-kah
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χωρίζω / ἀπολύω
Category: Marriage
New term. 7:10-16. ‘Furid’ operates within a defined Islamic legal procedure (analogous to talaaq); Paul’s pastoral case-based reasoning must be clearly distinguished from that legal-procedural framework.
Headship
Approved rendering: Madaxa / Madaxnimada
Transliteration: MAH-dah-khah / mah-dahkh-NEE-mah-dah
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Head Covering
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship
New term. 11:3-16. Madaxa = literal head; Madaxnimada = metaphorical headship/authority/source. Risks being heard as agreement with, or a confusing partial departure from, the already deeply established Somali Islamic head-covering (masar/garbasaar/hijab) practice.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: Kala saarista Jidhka Masiixa
Transliteration: kah-lah sah-REES-tah JID-kah mah-SEE-khah
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Worship
New term. 11:28-30. The severe consequence language (linked to sickness/death among the Corinthians) requires careful, non-alarmist teaching framing tied to its restorative-warning purpose.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: Jidhka Masiixa
Transliteration: JID-kah mah-SEE-khah
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
New term. 12:12-27. Directly extends the baseline’s christian_identity_in_christ doctrine; a direct countercultural challenge to qabiil (clan) hierarchy and must be preserved at full strength, not softened into generic cooperation language.
Tongues
Approved rendering: Afaf (Ruuxa)
Transliteration: ah-FAHF ROO-khah
Doctrine: Tongues, Interpretation, and Order in Worship
Original: γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι
Category: Worship
New term. 12:10, 28, 30; 14:1-33. Risks conflation with Sufi dhikr/zikr trance-utterance, or dismissal by Salafi-influenced readers as illegitimate mysticism; must be taught on its own biblical terms, not mapped onto either side of this live internal Somali religious debate.
Silence Disputed Passage
Approved rendering: Aamusnaanta
Transliteration: ah-moos-NAHN-tah
Doctrine: Women’s Silence in the Assembly (Disputed Passage)
Original: σιγάω
Category: Worship
New term. 14:34-35. Intersects contemporary gender-role expectations in Somali religious/social life and is exegetically contested even in source-language scholarship; render literally, flag for theologian review, and never supply an interpretive resolution not present in the source text.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: Midhihii Ugu Horreeyay
Transliteration: mee-dhee-HEE oo-goo hor-ray-YAY
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
New term. 15:20, 23. ‘Christ the firstfruits’ guarantees believers’ future resurrection is the same kind of event as, not merely analogous to, Christ’s own real bodily resurrection.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: Aan qudhmi karin
Transliteration: ahn QUDH-mee kah-rin
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 15:42, 50-54. The resurrection body’s chief quality: freedom from decay and death.
Mortality Immortality
Approved rendering: Dhimasho / Dhimashola’aanta
Transliteration: DHEE-mah-shoh / dhee-mah-shoh-lah-AHN-tah
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: θνητός / ἀθανασία
Category: Eschatology
New term. 15:53-54, ‘this mortal body must put on immortality.’ Climactic language for the certainty of the future transformation.
Delivered Received Tradition
Approved rendering: La gudbiyay / La helay
Transliteration: lah good-BEE-yay / lah HEH-lay
Doctrine: Gospel as Fixed Apostolic Tradition
Original: παρέδωκα / παρέλαβον
Category: Covenant
New term. 15:3, 11:23. Technical terminology anchoring the resurrection creed and Supper institution narrative as early, fixed, pre-Pauline tradition. Directly engages tahriif (textual-corruption) objections; requires human theologian review wherever it appears.
According To The Scriptures
Approved rendering: Sida Qorniinku leeyahay
Transliteration: SEE-dah qor-NEEN-koo lay-YAH-hay
Doctrine: Inspiration and Reliability of Scripture
Original: κατὰ τὰς γραφάς
Category: Covenant
New term. 15:3-4, formal citation formula linking Christ’s death/resurrection to OT fulfillment. Consistent phrasing required at every citation-formula occurrence in this book.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: Kiniisadda
Transliteration: kee-nee-SAHD-dah
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: masjidka-shaped ‘jamaaco’ framing
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed throughout 1 Corinthians (1:2, 3:16-17 etc.); Paul persecuted ‘the church of God’ before his call (15:9).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Hadiyado Ruuxa ah
Transliteration: hah-dee-YAH-doh ROO-khah ah
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: karaamad (a miraculous sign attributed to a Sufi sheekh or wali)
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central to chapters 7, 12, and 14; never karaamad. Distributed for the common good, not individual rank.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Boqortooyada Ilaah
Transliteration: boh-kor-toh-YAH-dah ee-LAHH
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: dawladda Ilaah (God’s state/government)
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 4:20, 6:9-10, 15:24, 15:50. Never dawladda.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Axdiga
Transliteration: AKH-dee-gah
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ballan kaliya (bare appointment/promise)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. ‘New covenant’ = Axdiga Cusub, instituted in Christ’s blood at 11:25.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Wax sii sheegidda
Transliteration: wahkh see sheh-eh-GID-dah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: faal (divination/fortune-telling)
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. A spiritual gift ranked above uninterpreted tongues for its intelligible edifying value (14:1-5).
Wisdom Of God
Approved rendering: Xigmadda
Transliteration: khig-MAHD-dah
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σοφία
Category: Christology
New term. Shared with Islamic hikmah vocabulary (a genuine point of resonance), but Somali usage rarely connects wisdom to suffering, weakness, or a shameful public execution. Must always be co-located with the cross’s foolishness/weakness content (1:18-30) in the same unit.
Mystery
Approved rendering: Qarsoodiga Ilaah
Transliteration: qar-SOH-dee-gah ee-LAHH
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μυστήριον
Category: God
New term. 2:1-7, 15:51. Must be taught as God’s plan now fully disclosed to all believers, distinguished from Sufi esoteric (bāṭin) knowledge reserved for spiritually advanced initiates — an inversion risk (restricted-elite vs. universally-disclosed), not merely a dilution risk.
Mind Of Christ
Approved rendering: Maskaxda Masiixa
Transliteration: mas-KAHKH-dah mah-SEE-khah
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: νοῦς Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New term. 2:16. Must not be flattened to generic ‘good judgment’; it is Spirit-given participation in Christ’s own understanding.
Carnal
Approved rendering: Kuwa jidhka ah
Transliteration: KOO-wah JID-kah ah
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
New term. 3:1, 3. Shares the ‘jidh’ root with the baseline’s Jidh qaadasho (incarnation); here the connotation is unredeemed appetite, not the Son’s assumption of true humanity — distinguish explicitly in teaching notes to prevent cross-contamination.
Leaven Unleavened
Approved rendering: Khamiirka / Kibista aan khamiir lahayn
Transliteration: khah-MEER-kah / kee-BIS-tah ahn khah-MEER lah-HAYN
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη / ἄζυμος
Category: Sanctification
New term. 5:6-8. Doctrinal weight rests in the corruption-spreads metaphor and its Passover typology.
Washed
Approved rendering: La maydhay
Transliteration: lah MAY-dhay
Doctrine: Sanctity of the Body / Union with Christ
Original: ἀπολούω
Category: Salvation
New term. 6:11, part of the three-part conversion formula ‘washed… sanctified… justified.’ Teach alongside, not as identical to, baabtiisid.
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: Hilibka sanamyada loo bixiyey
Transliteration: hee-LIB-kah sah-nahm-YAH-dah loh bee-XEE-yay
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Ethics
New term. 8:1-13, 10:14-33. Connects directly to shirk, the gravest sin category in Islamic theology; the nuanced conscience-and-love-governed liberty argument must not be flattened into either endorsement or absolute-avoidance legalism.
Idol
Approved rendering: Sanamka / Sanamyada
Transliteration: SAH-nahm-kah / sah-nahm-YAH-dah
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: God
New term. 8:4, ‘an idol has no real existence.’ A genuine point of resonance with Somali Islamic monotheism (tawhid’s rejection of idolatry); risk is losing the accompanying conscience-and-love qualification (8:9-13).
Conscience
Approved rendering: Wacyiga
Transliteration: WAH-cyee-gah
Doctrine: Conscience and Love as Limits on Liberty
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
New term. 8:7, 10, 12; 10:25-29. Names an individualized internal moral faculty distinct from Somali moral discourse’s more communal halaal/haraam legal categories; must be explicitly framed on first use.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: Wax lagu turunturoodo
Transliteration: wahkh lah-goo too-roon-too-ROH-doh
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πρόσκομμα / σκάνδαλον
Category: Ethics
New term. 8:9, 13. An obstacle causing a weaker believer to sin or fall spiritually.
Imperishable Prize
Approved rendering: Abaalmarinta aan qudhmi karin
Transliteration: ah-bahl-mah-RIN-tah ahn QUDH-mee kah-rin
Doctrine: Apostolic Rights Surrendered for the Gospel
Original: βραβεῖον / στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 9:25. Must be paired with the baseline’s grace-versus-merit caution: reward for faithful ministry, not the ground of salvation.
Temptation Testing
Approved rendering: Jirrabaadda
Transliteration: jir-rah-BAHD-dah
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πειρασμός
Category: God
New term. 10:13, ‘God is faithful… he will provide the way of escape.’ Must be paired with Daryeelka Ilaah (baseline providence term) to avoid the fatalistic qaddar reading the baseline explicitly warns against.
Members
Approved rendering: Xubnaha
Transliteration: khoob-NAH-hah
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλη
Category: Church
New term. 12:14-26. Standard anatomical word; risk is contained within the High-risk body_of_christ doctrine.
Hope
Approved rendering: Rajo
Transliteration: RAH-joh
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term. 13:13. Must be distinguished from probabilistic everyday hope and from Islamic soteriology’s deferred-certainty framework already Critical under assurance_of_salvation in the baseline.
Interpretation Of Tongues
Approved rendering: Fasiraadda
Transliteration: fah-see-RAHD-dah
Doctrine: Tongues, Interpretation, and Order in Worship
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: Worship
New term. 14:13, 27-28. Required companion to public tongues-speech; without it, the speaker should be silent in the assembly.
Sting Of Death Victory
Approved rendering: Qaniinyada Dhimashada / Guusha
Transliteration: qah-neen-YAH-dah dhee-MAH-shah-dah / GOO-shah
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου / νῖκος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 15:54-57. Death personified as a decisively defeated, disarmed enemy.
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: Way hurdeen (dhinteen)
Transliteration: way hoor-DEEN (dhin-TEEN)
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἐκοιμήθησαν
Category: Eschatology
New term. 15:6, 15:18, 15:20. Somali funerary idiom already uses sleep-euphemisms for death (genuine resonance), but the specifically Christian resurrection-hope content must be taught explicitly on first use so it is not read as merely a polite generic euphemism.
Untimely Born
Approved rendering: sida kan aan wakhtigiisu ahayn
Transliteration: SEE-dah kahn ahn wakh-tee-GEE-soo ah-HAYN
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἔκτρωμα
Category: Salvation
New term. 15:8. Vivid, self-deprecating image reinforcing that Paul’s apostleship is entirely a matter of undeserved grace, not qualification.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: waan silciyey
Transliteration: wahn sil-CEE-yay
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἐδίωξα
Category: Church
New term. 15:9. Paul’s own hostile pursuit of the church becomes the backdrop for grace overturning merit entirely.
In Vain
Approved rendering: Waxtarla’aan
Transliteration: wahkh-tar-lah-AHN
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation Grounded in the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: si khafiif ah loo rumaystay (believed half-heartedly — rejected, too weak)
Original: εἰκῇ / κενός
Category: Faith
New term. 15:2, 10, 14, 17, 58. Must retain full-futility, evidentiary force at every occurrence; consistent rendering required per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule.
Collection Offering
Approved rendering: Ururinta Deeqda
Transliteration: oo-roo-RIN-tah DEEQ-dah
Doctrine: Christian Giving and Fellowship
Original: λογία
Category: Church
New term. 16:1-4. Should be framed as voluntary, grace-motivated giving, distinguished from zakat’s obligatory, formula-calculated almsgiving structure.
Accursed Anathema
Approved rendering: Ha la inkaaro
Transliteration: hah lah in-KAH-roh
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Ethics
New term. 16:22. Must be framed as Paul’s solemn warning about loveless rejection of the Lord, not a formula believers are invited to pronounce upon others.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: Maraana Thaa
Transliteration: mah-RAH-nah THAH
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope and the Second Coming
Rejected alternatives: a fully translated Somali paraphrase in place of the transliteration (would dilute the liturgical force)
Original: Μαρανα θα
Category: Eschatology
New term. 16:22. Retain the transliteration per the baseline’s Abba/Abbaa precedent, glossed ‘Rabbigeenow, kaalay’ on first use only, not on every repetition.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Wadaaga
Transliteration: wah-DAH-gah
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: walaaltinimo (clan-brotherhood)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 1:9 (fellowship of his Son) and 10:16 (participation in Christ’s body/blood).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Mahadnaqid
Transliteration: mah-had-nah-KID
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία-related
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 1:4, 14:18, 15:57.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Nabi
Transliteration: NAH-bee
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: faaliye (fortune-teller/diviner)
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Used at 12:28-29 and 14:29-32 of Spirit-inspired speakers for the church’s edification.
Exhort
Approved rendering: Dhiirigelin
Transliteration: dhee-ree-geh-LEEN
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive: baryid (entreat) for pleading, dhiirigelin (encourage) for building up. Used at 1:10, 4:16, 14:3-5, 16:15-18.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: Nacasnimo
Transliteration: nah-cahs-NEE-moh
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Christology
New term. Standard Somali word for folly/absurdity; risk lies entirely in surrounding doctrinal framing (1:18, 1:23, 4:10), not in the word itself.
Boasting
Approved rendering: Faanka
Transliteration: FAHN-kah
Doctrine: Grace
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
New term. 1:29, 31 — ‘so that no one might boast before God… let him boast in the Lord.’ Reinforces grace-not-merit already Critical/High in the baseline.
Steward
Approved rendering: Wakiilka
Transliteration: wah-KEEL-kah
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
New term. 4:1-2. Apostolic ministry as entrusted service, not independent authority or personal status.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: Aqoonta
Transliteration: ah-KOHN-tah
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Ethics
New term. 8:1, ‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.’ Contrasted with love as an insufficient guide alone.
Race Imagery
Approved rendering: Tartanka
Transliteration: tar-TAHN-kah
Doctrine: Apostolic Rights Surrendered for the Gospel
Original: ἀγών / τρέχω
Category: Ethics
New term. 9:24-27. Greco-Roman athletic imagery; cultural unfamiliarity is an explanatory-note issue, not a doctrinal-risk issue.
Order
Approved rendering: Nidaamka
Transliteration: nee-DAHM-kah
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: τάξις
Category: Worship
New term. 14:33, 40, ‘let all things be done decently and in order.‘
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: Dhunkasho Quduus ah
Transliteration: dhoon-KAH-shoh koo-DOOS ah
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Greetings
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term. 16:20. Primarily a cultural-practice adaptation matter (cross-gender kissing as greeting is not standard Somali practice); recommend a teaching note on a functional-equivalent greeting while preserving the term’s meaning in the text itself.
Make Known
Approved rendering: U caddayn / Xusuusin
Transliteration: oo cah-DAYN / khoo-SOO-sin
Doctrine: Gospel as Fixed Apostolic Tradition
New term. 15:1, gnōrizō — signals that vv. 3-8 is settled apostolic tradition, not new speculation.
Cephas
Approved rendering: Keefas (Butros)
Transliteration: KEH-fahs (BOOT-ros)
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
New term. 15:5. Proper name; the established Somali Bible form for Peter is Butros. Gloss Keefas with Butros on first use for reader recognition.
James
Approved rendering: Yacquub
Transliteration: yac-QOOB
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
New term. 15:7. Refers to Jesus’ brother/apostle, not the patriarch Ya’qub of the Qur’an; brief clarifying note recommended on first use to prevent confusion between the two figures who share this Somali form.
Referenced passages