Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Corinthians — Punjabi Destination Language
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the full span of 1 Corinthians 1-16, including the core passage (15:1-11). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Reused] and MUST use the exact recorded Punjabi rendering — no deviation is permitted. Terms newly introduced by this curriculum are marked [New] and are proposed here at the same rigor as the baseline for incorporation into an updated translation memory in Phase 2.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — significant syncretism/confusion risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision; automated review sufficient.
Table 1 — Reused Terms from the Romans Baseline (Enforce Exactly)
| English Term | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ | khushkhabri | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power; Resurrection | 1, 9, 15, 16 | Reuse exactly; the one gospel Paul “received” and “delivered” (15:1-3) |
| grace | ਕਿਰਪਾ | kirpa | High | The Cross; Resurrection (15:10) | 1, 3, 15, 16 | Threefold repetition in 15:10; source must remain explicitly Christ-centered, never Guru-mediated |
| faith | ਨਿਹਚਾ | nihcha | High | Resurrection; Love as the Greater Way | 2, 13, 15, 16 | 13:2, 13 — even faith without love profits nothing |
| salvation | ਮੁਕਤੀ | mukti | Critical | Resurrection; Cross | 1, 15 | 15:2 is a doctrinally load-bearing occurrence — MANDATORY Sikh/Christian mukti-distinction gloss applies |
| resurrection | ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | punar-uthan | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 (throughout) | Core curriculum doctrine; never ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ/ਆਵਾਗਵਣ; mandatory term-distinction note every occurrence |
| lord | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | prabhu | Critical | Order in Worship; Lord’s Supper | 11, 12, 16 | ”table of the Lord” (10:21), “Lord’s Supper” (11:20) |
| holy / saints | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ / ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ | pavittar / pavittar lok | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 1, 6 | Never ਸੰਤ |
| sanctification | ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ | pavittarikaran | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 1, 6 | 1:2, 6:11 |
| church | ਮੰਡਲੀ | mandli | Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 1, 5, 6, 12, 14 | Never ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ/ਮੰਦਰ |
| apostle | ਰਸੂਲ | rasul | High | Resurrection witness list; Apostleship | 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 | Never ਗੁਰੂ |
| called / calling | ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ / ਸੱਦਾ | saddiya hoya / sadda | High | Christian Unity; Marriage and Singleness | 1, 7 | 7:17-24 — remain as called |
| sin | ਪਾਪ | pap | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power; Resurrection | 15 | 15:3, 17 |
| spiritual gifts | ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤਾਂ | atmik daatan | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12, 14 | |
| fellowship | ਸੰਗਤ | sangat | Low | Unity; Lord’s Supper (base sense) | 1, 10 | See New Table for the sacramental κοινωνία sense in ch. 10 |
| thanksgiving | ਧੰਨਵਾਦ | dhanvad | Low | — | 1, 14 | |
| glory | ਮਹਿਮਾ | mahima | High | Christian Liberty | 6, 10, 11 | ”glorify God in your body” (6:20) |
| power of God | ਸਮਰੱਥਾ | samratha | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 2 | Never ਸ਼ਕਤੀ |
| messiah / Christ | ਮਸੀਹ | Masih | Critical | Resurrection; Lord’s Supper | 15 (throughout), 11 | |
| God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Parmeshar | Critical | (all doctrines) | throughout | Never ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ/ਭਗਵਾਨ |
| Holy Spirit | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Pavittar Atma | Critical | Spiritual Gifts; Church as Temple | 2, 3, 6, 12, 14 | Never ਬ੍ਰਹਮ/ਜੋਤ |
| Father | ਪਿਤਾ | Pita | Critical | — | 1, 4, 8, 15 | |
| Jesus | ਯਿਸੂ | Yisu | Critical | Resurrection; Lord’s Supper | throughout | Never ਈਸਾ |
| law | ਬਿਵਸਥਾ | bivastha | High | Order in Worship | 9, 14 | Never ਧਰਮ/ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ |
| kingdom of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ | Parmeshar da Raj | Medium | Church Discipline; Resurrection | 4, 6, 15 | 15:24, 50 |
| gentiles | ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ | paraiyan kaumaan | Medium | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 10, 12 | 1:23 “Ἕλλησιν”/ἔθνεσιν context |
| Israel | ਇਸਰਾਏਲ | Israel | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | 10:18 “Israel according to the flesh” |
| covenant | ਨੇਮ | nem | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | ”new covenant in my blood” (11:25) |
| election | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ | Parmeshar di chon | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | 1:27-28 “God chose” |
| prophecy | ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ | bhavikhbani | Low | Spiritual Gifts; Order in Worship | 12, 13, 14 | |
| exhort | ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ | utshahit karna | Low | Christian Unity | 1, 4 | 1:10 “I appeal/exhort” |
| mission (proclaim) | ਪਰਚਾਰ | prachar | Medium | Resurrection; Order in Worship | 15 | κηρύσσω, 15:11, 14 |
Table 2 — New Terms Introduced by 1 Corinthians (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| English Term | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love (agapē) | ਪਿਆਰ | pyar | Critical | Love as the Greater Way | 13, 8, 16 | Rejected: ਪ੍ਰੇਮ (strong Sikh Gurbani bhakti-devotional resonance, “ਪ੍ਰੇਮ ਭਗਤੀ”). Mandatory clarifying note on every load-bearing occurrence: Christ-defined, sacrificial, others-directed love (13:4-7), not primarily mystical devotional feeling toward the divine and not one gift ranked among others |
| wisdom | ਬੁੱਧ | budh | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 2, 3 | Risk of confusion with the proper name “Buddha”; must anchor to the cross, not an independent gyan-mārga attainment |
| foolishness | ਮੂਰਖਤਾ | murakhta | Medium | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | |
| cross | ਸਲੀਬ | salib | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | Established loanword; doctrinal weight (power in weakness/shame) needs teaching, not just vocabulary |
| stumbling block | ਠੋਕਰ | thokar | Medium | Cross; Christian Liberty | 1, 8 | |
| division / schism | ਫੁੱਟ | phut | High | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 1, 3, 11 | Must read as sinful rupture, not legitimate diversity |
| strife / jealousy | ਝਗੜਾ / ਈਰਖਾ | jhagra / irkha | Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 3 | |
| knowledge | ਗਿਆਨ | gyan | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat; Love | 8, 12, 13 | Rejected: leaving unglossed, given centrality of gyan-mārga in Sikh/Hindu soteriology; must show knowledge subordinate to love |
| mystery | ਭੇਤ | bhet | Medium | Cross as Wisdom; Resurrection | 2, 4, 13, 14, 15 | Distinguish from Gurbani’s “ਅਗਮ ਅਗੋਚਰ” (God’s inherent unknowability) |
| natural man / spiritual man | ਸਰੀਰਕ ਮਨੁੱਖ / ਆਤਮਿਕ ਮਨੁੱਖ | sharirak manukh / atmik manukh | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2 | Not a subtle-body (sthula/sukshma/karana sharira) framework; regeneration contrast |
| carnal / fleshly | ਸਰੀਰਕ | sharirak | Medium | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 3 | |
| temple | ਹੈਕਲ | haikal | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 3, 6 | Never ਮੰਦਰ (reserved as forbidden per baseline “church” entry) |
| foundation | ਨੀਂਹ | neenh | Low | Christian Unity versus Factionalism | 3 | |
| steward | ਭੰਡਾਰੀ / ਮੁਖਤਿਆਰ | bhandari / mukhtiar | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | 4 | Delegated, accountable trust; not independent/guru-like authority |
| sexual immorality | ਹਰਾਮਕਾਰੀ | haramkari | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5, 6 | Comprehensive, not narrowed to adultery |
| leaven / unleavened | ਖਮੀਰ / ਬੇਖਮੀਰੀ | khameer / bekhameeri | Low | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | |
| Passover (lamb) | ਪਸਾਹ | pasah | Medium | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | Requires OT Exodus background note |
| handed over (to Satan) | ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ ਦੇ ਹੱਥ ਸੌਂਪਣਾ | Shaitan de hath saumpna | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | Restorative church discipline, not curse/black-magic pronouncement |
| bought at a price | ਮੁੱਲ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਖਰੀਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ | mull de ke kharidiya hoya | High | Christian Liberty; Marriage and Singleness | 6, 7 | Costly, decisive ownership by Christ; not a merit-transaction |
| marriage | ਵਿਆਹ | viah | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Guard against reading as mandatory religious duty (grihastha) |
| virgin / unmarried | ਕੁਆਰੀ / ਅਣਵਿਆਹਿਆ | kuari / anvyahiya | Low | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Singleness as a positive calling, not deficiency |
| freedom / liberty | ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ | azadi | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 7, 8, 9, 10 | Not political freedom-struggle language |
| right / authority | ਅਧਿਕਾਰ | adhikar | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 9 | |
| food offered to idols | ਮੂਰਤੀਆਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਚੜ੍ਹਾਇਆ ਭੋਜਨ | murtiyan agge charhaya bhojan | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | Direct structural parallel to Hindu temple prasad; must NOT be worded to include Sikh langar/karah parshad |
| idol | ਮੂਰਤੀ | murti | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10, 12 | High sensitivity given Hindu-minority devotional practice; Sikh formal rejection of murti-puja offers apologetic common ground |
| idolatry | ਮੂਰਤੀ-ਪੂਜਾ | murti-puja | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | Engages Guru Nanak’s own polemic against idol worship; frame as shared conviction, not attack |
| conscience | ਜ਼ਮੀਰ | zameer | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | |
| demon | ਦੁਸ਼ਟ ਆਤਮਾ | dusht atma | High | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | Distinguish from bhoot-pret folk ghost belief and its exorcism/placation practices |
| type / example | ਮਿਸਾਲ | misal | Low | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | |
| temptation | ਪਰਤਾਵਾ | partava | Low | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | |
| head / headship | ਸਿਰ | sir | High | Order in Worship | 11 | Frame as Christlike relational order, not cultural subordination, given honor-shame patriarchal norms |
| Lord’s Supper | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਭੋਜਨ | Prabhu da Bhojan | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Must be distinguished from Sikh langar’s very different theological function |
| remembrance | ਯਾਦ | yaad | Medium | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Memorial of a completed, once-for-all sacrifice, not repeated re-sacrifice |
| body and blood | ਸਰੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਲਹੂ | sharir ate lahu | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | |
| discern (the body) | ਸਰੀਰ ਨੂੰ ਪਛਾਣਨਾ | sharir nu pachhanna | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | |
| body (of Christ / church) | ਸਰੀਰ | sharir | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 6, 10, 12, 15 | Whole, integrated, redeemable person/community; not a discardable shell |
| members | ਅੰਗ | ang | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Minor lexical overlap with Guru Granth Sahib’s “ang” (folio); context disambiguates |
| tongues | ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ | bhashavan | High | Spiritual Gifts; Order in Worship | 12, 13, 14 | Distinguish from trance/possession-utterance folk phenomena |
| interpretation | ਅਰਥ ਕਰਨਾ | arth karna | Medium | Order in Worship | 12, 14 | |
| gifts of healing | ਚੰਗਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਦਾਤਾਂ | changa karan diyan daatan | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Distinguish from dera/peer-mediated folk healing |
| discerning of spirits | ਆਤਮਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਰਖ | atmavan di parakh | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Tested against apostolic gospel truth, not intuitive psychic sensitivity |
| hope | ਆਸ | aas | Medium | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | Confident, promise-grounded, not vague optimism |
| order / decently | ਤਰਤੀਬ / ਸਲੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ | tartib / salike naal | Low | Order in Worship | 14 | Avoid confusion with ਬਿਵਸਥਾ (Law) |
| perishable / imperishable | ਨਾਸ਼ਵਾਨ / ਅਵਿਨਾਸ਼ੀ | nashvan / avinashi | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | ਅਵਿਨਾਸ਼ੀ risks Hindu atman-immortality framing; must stress bodily transformation, not soul-only survival |
| natural body / spiritual body | ਸੁਭਾਵਿਕ ਸਰੀਰ / ਆਤਮਿਕ ਸਰੀਰ | subhavik sharir / atmik sharir | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Both real bodies; not disembodied spirit-state or moksha-dissolution |
| Adam / last Adam | ਆਦਮ / ਅੰਤਲਾ ਆਦਮ | Adam / antla Adam | Medium | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Requires Genesis background |
| firstfruits | ਪਹਿਲਾ ਫਲ | pehla phal | Low (opportunity) | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Natural agrarian-culture bridge in Punjab |
| victory / sting | ਜਿੱਤ / ਡੰਗ | jit / dang | Low | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | |
| collection / offering | ਦਾਨ / ਚੰਦਾ | daan / chanda | Medium | (Christian Unity; giving) | 16 | Voluntary grace-giving, not karmic-merit almsgiving |
| Marana tha | ਮਾਰਾਨਾ ਥਾ | Marana tha | Medium | (Resurrection hope; closing) | 16 | Preserve Aramaic transliteration, as with ਅੱਬਾ; brief gloss required |
| accursed | ਸਰਾਪਿਤ | sarapit | High | Christian Unity; Love | 16 | Solemn covenantal exclusion formula, not folk curse/black magic |
| crown / prize | ਮੁਕਟ / ਇਨਾਮ | mukat / inaam | Low | (ministry discipline) | 9 | Greco-Roman games background may need brief note |
| disqualified | ਅਯੋਗ | ayog | Medium | (ministry discipline) | 9 | Not a soteriological-assurance contradiction; flag if used absolutely |
| appeared (resurrection witness) | ਦਿਖਾਈ ਦਿੱਤਾ | dikhai ditta | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Objective, verifiable appearance, not vision/darshan-style mystical experience |
| according to the Scriptures | ਲਿਖਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ | likhtan de anusar | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Fulfillment of a bounded OT prophetic corpus, not generic scripture-appeal |
| delivered / received (tradition) | ਸੌਂਪਣਾ / ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨਾ | saumpna / prapat karna | High | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers; The Lord’s Supper | 11, 15 | Fixed apostolic tradition, not private spiritual discovery |
| koinōnia (sacramental participation) | ਸੰਗਤ / ਸ਼ਰੀਕ ਹੋਣਾ | sangat / sharik hona | High | The Lord’s Supper; Christian Liberty | 10 | Sacramental sense distinct from ordinary ਸੰਗਤ fellowship; flag for theologian review |
Risk Summary for 1 Corinthians Additions
| Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 | Human theologian (every occurrence) |
| High | 22 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 17 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 9 | Automated review |
This glossary is designed to be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 2, alongside — never in place of — the existing Romans baseline entries reused in Table 1.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL 1 Corinthians extension: 15:2 (‘by which you are being saved’) is a doctrinally load-bearing, present-tense occurrence. Its continuous-aspect phrasing risks reinforcing rather than countering a Sikh reading of mukti as a gradual, lifetime(s)-long attainment; the mandatory Sikh/Christian mukti-distinction gloss must specifically address this verse’s ongoing-process wording, not only the noun in general.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ
Transliteration: punar-uthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ, ਆਵਾਗਵਣ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL 1 Corinthians extension: this is the curriculum’s namesake doctrine and the highest-density resurrection passage in either curriculum (ch. 15 throughout). Render the perfect tense ἐγήγερται (15:4) as ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ to preserve the accomplished-yet-abiding state. Never ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ or ਆਵਾਗਵਣ under any circumstance.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Order in Worship / The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: governs ‘the Lord’s table’ (10:21) and ‘the Lord’s Supper’ (11:20); 12:3’s confession ‘Jesus is Lord’ directly parallels Romans 10:9 and must use identical phrasing (ਯਿਸੂ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਹੈ). Never ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / The Lord’s Supper
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: the subject of the fixed resurrection creed (15:3-4) and the Lord’s Supper institution (11:23-25).
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: (all doctrines)
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Church as Temple of the Holy Spirit / Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: indwells the church corporately (3:16) and the believer individually (6:19), and distributes gifts (12:4-11). Never ਬ੍ਰਹਮ or ਜੋਤ.
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: God the Father
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:3, 8:6, 15:24. Note 4:15 applies the same word to Paul’s pastoral role toward the Corinthians (‘I became your father through the gospel’); context must make clear this is a derivative, non-divine sense, not a Guru-lineage relationship.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਈਸਾ.
Love
Approved rendering: ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: pyar
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
NEW TERM. ਪ੍ਰੇਮ rejected because of its strong Sikh Gurbani bhakti-devotional resonance (‘ਪ੍ਰੇਮ ਭਗਤੀ,’ loving devotion cultivated through Naam-simran toward Waheguru). ਪਿਆਰ chosen as the plainer, less devotionally-loaded term. MANDATORY: every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence (esp. 13:1-8,13; 8:1-3; 16:14,22,24) requires a clarifying note that this ਪਿਆਰ is Christ-defined, sacrificial, others-directed love operationally described in 13:4-7 — not a mystical devotional feeling toward the divine, and not one gift ranked among others but the standard that governs every gift.
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਤੀਆਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਚੜ੍ਹਾਇਆ ਭੋਜਨ
Transliteration: murtiyan agge charhaya bhojan
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: single-word coinage (rejected as too compressible into a prasad-like reading)
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Idolatry
NEW TERM. CRITICAL. Highest-risk term in the curriculum: direct structural parallel to Hindu temple prasad (food ritually offered to a murti and then distributed/eaten), a live devotional practice among Punjab’s Hindu-minority communities. Must refer specifically and only to food ritually offered to images/idols. Must NEVER be worded so as to encompass Sikh karah parshad or langar, since Sikhism formally rejects idol worship; conflating the two is a serious cultural and theological error. Retain the full descriptive compound; never abbreviate to a single coined noun. Mandatory standing note at first occurrence (8:1).
Idolatry
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਤੀ-ਪੂਜਾ
Transliteration: murti-puja
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Idolatry
NEW TERM. CRITICAL. 10:14, ‘flee from idolatry’ — the chapter’s climactic imperative. Engages directly with Guru Nanak’s own foundational polemic against murti-puja, offering unusual rhetorical common ground with Sikh-background hearers; must be handled to build shared conviction, not appear as an attack on Hindu-background family or neighbors.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਭੋਜਨ
Transliteration: Prabhu da Bhojan
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: bare ਭੋਜਨ (rejected as too easily collapsed into langar)
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Sacraments
NEW TERM. CRITICAL curriculum core doctrine. 11:20 — the corporate meal abused through factionalism and gluttony. Must be clearly distinguished from Sikh langar (an egalitarian communal meal at the Gurdwara, admirable but not a memorial-sacrificial ordinance) so its unique memorial, covenantal, body-and-blood significance is not lost through cultural assimilation. Never introduce or gloss this term via a langar comparison without an explicit contrast clause in the same breath. Mandatory teaching note at 11:23-26.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: ਸਰੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਲਹੂ
Transliteration: sharir ate lahu
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα
Category: Sacraments
NEW TERM. CRITICAL. 11:24-27 — Christ’s actual body and blood, given and shed. Must preserve the direct, covenantal weight of Christ’s real sacrificial death; not a symbolic gesture emptied of atoning significance.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: ਨਾਸ਼ਵਾਨ / ਅਵਿਨਾਸ਼ੀ
Transliteration: nashvan / avinashi
Doctrine: Bodily Resurrection Transformation
Original: φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. CRITICAL. 15:42,50-54. ਅਵਿਨਾਸ਼ੀ is a Sanskritic term commonly applied in Hindu thought to the eternal, unchanging soul/atman surviving the body’s dissolution or repeated rebirths; Paul’s claim is the opposite emphasis — the body itself is transformed and made imperishable, not shed by an immortal soul. Requires explicit theological framing distinguishing bodily transformation from soul-only immortality at every occurrence, beginning with a standing note at 15:42.
Natural And Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: ਸੁਭਾਵਿਕ ਸਰੀਰ / ਆਤਮਿਕ ਸਰੀਰ
Transliteration: subhavik sharir / atmik sharir
Doctrine: Bodily Resurrection Transformation
Original: σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. CRITICAL. 15:44 — both real, substantial bodies; ‘spiritual’ describes the body’s animating power (the Spirit), not its immateriality. Must not be rendered so as to suggest the ‘spiritual body’ is a disembodied spirit-state, a return to an eternal formless soul, or moksha-like dissolution into the Absolute.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel / Apostolic Tradition and Gospel Transmission
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Punjabi Christian term, ‘good news.’ 1 Corinthians extension: in 15:1-11 this is the fixed, received-and-delivered apostolic gospel (παραλαμβάνω/παραδίδωμι) — not one teaching among others, and not a personal spiritual discovery.
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace / Grace and Apostolic Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 15:10’s threefold repetition (‘by the grace of God I am what I am… his grace toward me was not in vain… not I, but the grace of God’) is the curriculum’s sharpest grace passage; the source of ਕਿਰਪਾ must remain explicitly Christ-centered in every instance, never Guru-mediated ਨਦਰ or Naam-simran-linked.
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith / Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 13:2,13 subordinates even faith to love; 15:2,11,14 grounds the Corinthians’ faith in the apostolic resurrection testimony specifically.
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:2, 3:17, 7:14.
Saints
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: pavittar lok
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: ਸੰਤ
Original: ἅγιοι / ἡγιασμένοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:2. Never ਸੰਤ — the Sant tradition remains a living, institutionally active category in contemporary Punjab.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: pavittarikaran
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:2, 6:11.
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and Gospel Transmission / Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 15:5-9, the wider apostolic witness circle including Paul as ‘the least of the apostles.’ Never ਗੁਰੂ — applying it here would suggest an ongoing living-guru succession rather than a unique, closed apostolic resurrection-witness office.
Called
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: saddiya hoya
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism / Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:1-2,9,24,26; 7:17-24’s ‘remain as you were called’ (vocational/situational sense).
Calling
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਾ
Transliteration: sadda
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 7:17-24, the specific social/marital situation one is called in.
Sin
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 15:3 (‘Christ died for our sins’), 15:17, 15:56 (‘the sting of death is sin’).
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Original: δόξα / δοξάζω
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: ‘glorify God in your body’ (6:20), 10:31. Avoid ਜੋਤ.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di samratha
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:18,24; 2:4-5 — God’s power located specifically in the cross, not in impressive rhetoric or signs. NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ.
Law
Approved rendering: ਬਿਵਸਥਾ
Transliteration: bivastha
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 14:34. Never ਧਰਮ or ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ; also never confuse with ਤਰਤੀਬ (worship order).
Covenant
Approved rendering: ਨੇਮ
Transliteration: nem
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: ਸਮਝੌਤਾ
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 11:25, ‘this cup is the new covenant (ਨਵਾਂ ਨੇਮ) in my blood.‘
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Grace and Apostolic Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:27-28, ‘God chose what is foolish… weak… low and despised.’ Never ਕਿਸਮਤ.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: ਬੁੱਧ
Transliteration: budh
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power / Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom
Rejected alternatives: ਗਿਆਨ (reserved separately for γνῶσις/knowledge)
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
NEW TERM. Risk of confusion with the proper name/title ‘Buddha,’ and of assimilation into the Sikh/Hindu gyan-mārga framework in which wisdom is itself a self-attained path to liberation. Never let ਬੁੱਧ appear unanchored for more than one clause; always tie it explicitly to ਸਲੀਬ (the cross) or ਮਸੀਹ. Never a bare ‘ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਬੁੱਧ’ without a cruciform anchor.
Cross
Approved rendering: ਸਲੀਬ
Transliteration: salib
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Wisdom
NEW TERM. Established, stable Punjabi Christian loanword with no direct competing religious claim, but the doctrine of God’s power displayed in weakness and shame is culturally counter-intuitive in Punjab’s honor-shame culture and needs explicit teaching alongside the vocabulary (1:17-18, 2:2).
Division Schism
Approved rendering: ਫੁੱਟ
Transliteration: phut
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW TERM. 1:10-12, 3:3-4, 11:18-19. Must read as sinful rupture of Christ’s one body, not legitimate denominational or theological diversity. Punjab’s political history (Partition-era division narratives, communal division rhetoric) gives the word heavy secular-political freight; always pair contextually with ਮੰਡਲੀ/ਸੰਗਤ so the reader locates the division inside the church, not the political sphere. Never pair with qaum-identity language.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ਗਿਆਨ
Transliteration: gyan
Doctrine: Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom / Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Wisdom
NEW TERM. 8:1-2 (‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up’), 12:8, 13:2,8. Must not be assimilated to the Sikh/Hindu gyan-mārga in which knowledge is itself a path to liberation; Paul deliberately subordinates mere doctrinal knowledge beneath love — a countercultural claim requiring explicit framing, not a flat, unglossed translation.
Natural And Spiritual Man
Approved rendering: ਸਰੀਰਕ ਮਨੁੱਖ / ਆਤਮਿਕ ਮਨੁੱਖ
Transliteration: sharirak manukh / atmik manukh
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος / πνευματικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. 2:14-15 — the unregenerate person operating on natural human capacity alone vs. the Spirit-indwelt believer able to discern spiritual truth. Must not be read through a Vedantic gross/subtle/causal-body (sthula/sukshma/karana sharira) framework; the contrast is regenerate vs. unregenerate through the Spirit, not embodiment-layer.
Temple
Approved rendering: ਹੈਕਲ
Transliteration: haikal
Doctrine: Church as Temple of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ਮੰਦਰ
Original: ναός
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW TERM. 3:16-17 (corporate church), 6:19 (individual believer’s body). Do NOT use ਮੰਦਰ, reserved by the Romans baseline as a forbidden Hindu-temple-associated term for ‘church.’ ਹੈਕਲ is the established Punjabi Bible term for the OT/typological temple and avoids that collision.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: ਹਰਾਮਕਾਰੀ
Transliteration: haramkari
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness / Sexual Immorality and the Body
Original: πορνεία
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 5:1 (unrepented sin requiring discipline), 6:13,18 (a sin uniquely against one’s own body). Must be read as comprehensive sexual immorality per biblical sexual ethics, not narrowed to adultery alone.
Handed Over To Satan
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ ਦੇ ਹੱਥ ਸੌਂਪਣਾ
Transliteration: Shaitan de hath saumpna
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδίδωμι εἰς Σατανᾶν
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 5:5 — formal act of church discipline placing an unrepentant member outside fellowship protection, aimed at eventual restoration. Must be framed as a restorative, church-governed act, never a curse or occult pronouncement, given strong Punjabi folk-belief associations between such language and black-magic/nazar practices. Every occurrence requires an explanatory clause distancing it from nazar/tantrik curse practice and stating the redemptive goal (5:5b, ‘that his spirit may be saved’).
Bought At A Price
Approved rendering: ਮੁੱਲ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਖਰੀਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: mull de ke kharidiya hoya
Doctrine: Sexual Immorality and the Body
Original: ἀγοράζω τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. 6:20, 7:23 — believers belong to God because they were bought at a costly price. Must convey costly, decisive, once-for-all ownership by Christ’s death, not a commercial exchange misread as a merit transaction.
Freedom
Approved rendering: ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ
Transliteration: azadi
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 7:21-23 (social status secondary to belonging to Christ), chs. 8-10 (liberty exercised or forgone in love). Must not be conflated with the political freedom-struggle language prominent in Punjab’s own history (anti-colonial and Khalsa martial ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ narratives). Reserve strictly for freedom-in-Christ-exercised-in-love contexts.
Idol
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਤੀ
Transliteration: murti
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Idolatry
NEW TERM. 8:4 (‘an idol has no real existence’). High sensitivity given Hindu-minority devotional practice around murti-worship; Sikhism’s own formal rejection of murti-puja offers genuine apologetic common ground rather than pure risk.
Demon
Approved rendering: ਦੁਸ਼ਟ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: dusht atma
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Idolatry
NEW TERM. 10:20-21 — behind idols stand real demonic powers. Must be distinguished from Punjabi folk bhoot-pret (ghost) belief and its associated placation/exorcism practices; these are real malevolent spiritual powers opposed to God, not restless ancestral spirits to be appeased.
Head
Approved rendering: ਸਿਰ
Transliteration: sir
Doctrine: Gender Order and Headship in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship
NEW TERM. 11:3-10 — literal anatomical head, and metaphorically a source/authority relationship. Punjab’s honor-shame culture and strongly patriarchal social norms make this doctrinally and pastorally sensitive; must be framed as loving, Christlike relational order reflecting the Trinity’s own pattern, not cultural subordination or male superiority. Mandatory theological bridge note at 11:3; flag for human theologian review given the doctrine’s sensitivity.
Discern The Body
Approved rendering: ਸਰੀਰ ਨੂੰ ਪਛਾਣਨਾ
Transliteration: sharir nu pachhanna
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Sacraments
NEW TERM. 11:29 — failing to recognize the significance of Christ’s body (elements and/or gathered church) while eating brings judgment; must not lose this pastoral warning.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: ਸਰੀਰ
Transliteration: sharir
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ / Sexual Immorality and the Body
Original: σῶμα (Χριστοῦ)
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW TERM. 6:15,19 (individual body), 12:12-27 (Christ’s unified, differentiated corporate body). Must be understood as the whole, integrated, redeemable person or community, not a discardable shell separate from an eternal soul destined to transmigrate or dissolve — foundational for both the sexual-ethics argument (ch. 6) and the resurrection doctrine (ch. 15).
Tongues
Approved rendering: ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ
Transliteration: bhashavan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ / Order in Worship
Original: γλῶσσαι
Category: Spiritual Gifts
NEW TERM. 12:10,28,30; 13:1,8; 14:1-40 — one gift among many, subject to ch. 14’s regulation. Must be distinguished from trance/possession-utterance phenomena at local shrines or in folk-religious practice; this is an orderly, edifying, Spirit-given gift, not ecstatic loss of control.
Discerning Of Spirits
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਰਖ
Transliteration: atmavan di parakh
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: διάκρισις πνευμάτων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
NEW TERM. 12:10 — distinguishing true Spirit-given utterance from false/deceptive spiritual claims. Important given the density of competing spiritual-power claims (dera figures, peers, folk exorcism) in Punjabi religious life; discernment is tested against apostolic gospel truth, not intuitive psychic sensitivity.
Accursed
Approved rendering: ਸਰਾਪਿਤ
Transliteration: sarapit
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: ਅਨਾਥੇਮਾ (bare transliteration, rejected as inaccessible jargon)
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 16:22, ‘if anyone has no love for the Lord, let him be accursed.’ Must not be softened per the doctrinal-preservation principle established in the Romans baseline. Must be framed as a solemn covenantal/ecclesial exclusion formula, not a magical curse-invocation, given strong Punjabi folk associations between ‘curse’ language and black-magic/nazar beliefs.
Appeared
Approved rendering: ਦਿਖਾਈ ਦਿੱਤਾ
Transliteration: dikhai ditta
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. 15:5-8 — an objective, verifiable appearance of the risen Christ to named witnesses. Must convey an objective, historically verifiable appearance, not an inward vision, dream, or mystical experience assimilable to other traditions’ visionary/darshan experiences of a departed guru or saint.
According To Scriptures
Approved rendering: ਲਿਖਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ
Transliteration: likhtan de anusar
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and Gospel Transmission
Original: κατὰ τὰς γραφάς
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. 15:3-4 (used twice in the resurrection creed). Must be read as fulfillment of a specific, bounded body of OT prophetic writing, not a generic appeal to ‘scripture’ in the way Sikh/Hindu traditions might invoke their own scriptures.
Delivered Received Tradition
Approved rendering: ਸੌਂਪਣਾ / ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: saumpna / prapat karna
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and Gospel Transmission
Original: παραδίδωμι / παραλαμβάνω
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. 11:2,23 (Lord’s Supper institution narrative); 15:1,3 (resurrection creed). Formal transmission of fixed apostolic tradition. Must convey a fixed, formally transmitted apostolic tradition, not a private spiritual discovery or personal testimony alone — a category distinction, not degree distinction, from Sikh Guru-to-disciple individual transmission models.
Koinonia Participation
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ / ਸ਼ਰੀਕ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: sangat / sharik hona
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers / The Lord’s Supper
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Sacraments
NEW TERM. 10:16,18,20 — sacramental participation in Christ’s body/blood at the Table, versus participation with demons at pagan sacrifices; a distinct, weightier sense than ordinary fellowship ਸੰਗਤ (1:9). Use ਸੰਗਤ / ਸ਼ਰੀਕ ਹੋਣਾ together to avoid flattening this into mere social gathering. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: mandli
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism / Church as Temple of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ਮੰਦਰ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: ‘the church of God that is in Corinth’ (1:2); the same church Paul formerly persecuted (15:9). Never ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ or ਮੰਦਰ.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤਾਂ
Transliteration: atmik daatan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਰ
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 12:4,9,28,30-31 — the chapter’s central term, anchored to ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ as the sole source, distinguished from folk/dera-mediated spiritual power claims.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Raj
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and Victory over Death
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 6:9-10 (the unrighteous will not inherit it); 15:24,50 (Christ delivers it to the Father at the end).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ
Transliteration: paraiyan kaumaan
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ
Original: ἔθνη / Ἕλληνες
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:22-24, ‘Jews demand signs and Greeks seek wisdom.‘
Israel
Approved rendering: ਇਸਰਾਏਲ
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 10:18, ‘Israel according to the flesh.‘
Mission
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚਾਰ
Transliteration: prachar
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and Gospel Transmission
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: renders κηρύσσω, the authoritative public proclamation verb in 1:23, 9:27, 15:11,14.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਖਤਾ
Transliteration: murakhta
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
NEW TERM. 1:18,21,23,25 — the cross appears foolish by worldly standards yet is the locus of salvation. Pair consistently with ਬੁੱਧ for the wisdom/foolishness contrast.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: ਠੋਕਰ
Transliteration: thokar
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πρόσκομμα / σκάνδαλον
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 8:9,13 — a weaker believer’s conscience wounded by another’s exercise of liberty.
Strife And Jealousy
Approved rendering: ਈਰਖਾ / ਝਗੜਾ
Transliteration: irkha / jhagra
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: ζῆλος / ἔρις
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW TERM. 3:3 — envy and quarreling identified as evidence of carnality driving the Corinthian factions.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ਭੇਤ
Transliteration: bhet
Doctrine: Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom / Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Wisdom
NEW TERM. 2:1,7 (God’s wisdom in the crucified Christ); 4:1 (mysteries entrusted to apostolic stewardship); 15:51 (resurrection transformation). Must be distinguished from Gurbani’s ‘ਅਗਮ ਅਗੋਚਰ’ describing God’s inherent, ongoing unknowability — Paul’s mystery is a specific, bounded plan now disclosed, not permanent inscrutability.
Carnal
Approved rendering: ਸਰੀਰਕ
Transliteration: sharirak
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
NEW TERM. 3:1,3 — immature, worldly, governed by the flesh; the Corinthians’ factionalism is evidence of this.
Steward
Approved rendering: ਭੰਡਾਰੀ / ਮੁਖਤਿਆਰ
Transliteration: bhandari / mukhtiar
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Stewardship
NEW TERM. 4:1-2 — apostles as stewards of ‘the mysteries of God,’ accountable to the true Master. Must convey delegated, accountable trust, not independent ownership or guru-like unaccountable authority.
Passover
Approved rendering: ਪਸਾਹ
Transliteration: pasah
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM (transliterated Hebrew-derived loanword). 5:7 — ‘Christ our Passover lamb has been sacrificed.’ Requires an explanatory note on the OT Exodus/Passover narrative, unfamiliar to Sikh- and Hindu-heritage readers.
Marriage
Approved rendering: ਵਿਆਹ
Transliteration: viah
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος / γαμέω
Category: Marriage
NEW TERM. 7:1-9 — marriage as a good, God-ordained calling, not a concession to weakness. No lexical gap, but a framing gap: guard against reading marriage as an obligatory religious/social duty comparable to grihastha-ashram expectations.
Right Authority
Approved rendering: ਅਧਿਕਾਰ
Transliteration: adhikar
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 8:9 (the ‘right’ to eat idol meat, voluntarily limited by love); 9:4-18 (Paul’s right to material support, voluntarily forgone).
Conscience
Approved rendering: ਜ਼ਮੀਰ
Transliteration: zameer
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 8:7,10,12 — the inner faculty of moral self-awareness; a weaker believer’s conscience wounded by another’s liberty.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: ਯਾਦ
Transliteration: yaad
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Sacraments
NEW TERM. 11:24-25, ‘do this in remembrance of me’ — a memorial act pointing back to a completed, historical, once-for-all sacrifice, not a repeated re-sacrifice.
Members
Approved rendering: ਅੰਗ
Transliteration: ang
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλος / μέλη
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW TERM. 12:12-27 — each believer as an indispensable, differently-functioning bodily part. Minor lexical overlap with ‘ਅੰਗ’ as the term for numbered folio-pages of the Guru Granth Sahib; not a doctrinal collision, but avoid juxtaposing with scripture-reference language in the same sentence — context should disambiguate ‘body part/member’ from ‘scripture page.‘
Interpretation
Approved rendering: ਅਰਥ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: arth karna
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: ἑρμηνεία / διερμηνεύω
Category: Spiritual Gifts
NEW TERM. 12:10; 14:5,13,27-28 — translating/explaining a tongues-utterance for the assembly’s benefit.
Gifts Of Healing
Approved rendering: ਚੰਗਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਦਾਤਾਂ
Transliteration: changa karan diyan daatan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
NEW TERM. 12:9,28,30 — Spirit-given power to heal physical illness. Distinguish from dera/peer-mediated folk healing; this is a Spirit-given gift exercised within the church, in Christ’s name.
Hope
Approved rendering: ਆਸ
Transliteration: aas
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Love
NEW TERM. 13:7,13 — confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, enduring alongside faith and love. Must not be reduced to vague optimism, wishful thinking, or fatalistic resignation.
Adam Last Adam
Approved rendering: ਆਦਮ / ਅੰਤਲਾ ਆਦਮ
Transliteration: Adam / antla Adam
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: Ἀδάμ / ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. 15:22,45-49 — Adam-Christ typology. Requires Genesis creation-narrative background largely unfamiliar to Sikh/Hindu-heritage readers; the typological logic depends on this OT foundation being taught, not assumed.
Collection
Approved rendering: ਦਾਨ / ਚੰਦਾ
Transliteration: daan / chanda
Doctrine: Christian Giving
Original: λογία
Category: Stewardship
NEW TERM. 16:1-2 — voluntary, systematic giving for relief of the Jerusalem church. Must be distinguished from merit-earning religious almsgiving (daan) practiced for karmic benefit in Hindu tradition, though the general cultural instinct toward generosity is a genuine point of contact.
Marana Tha
Approved rendering: ਮਾਰਾਨਾ ਥਾ
Transliteration: Marana tha
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and Victory over Death
Original: Μαράνα θά
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM (transliterated Aramaic, preserved as with ਅੱਬਾ in the Romans baseline). 16:22, ‘Our Lord, come!’ — an early liturgical cry of eschatological longing. Requires a brief explanatory gloss on first use, since it is not part of everyday Gurmukhi vocabulary.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: ਅਯੋਗ
Transliteration: ayog
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Stewardship
NEW TERM. 9:27 — Paul’s personal, disciplined self-examination in ministry. Must be read as pastoral self-discipline concern, not as contradicting the assurance-of-salvation doctrine already established in the Romans baseline; flag for theologian review if rendered in a soteriologically absolute sense.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ਦੋਸਤੀ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:9, 16:15-18 (ordinary sense). See koinonia_participation for the weightier sacramental sense in ch. 10.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
Transliteration: dhanvad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:4, 14:16-18.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ
Transliteration: bhavikhbani
Doctrine: Order in Worship / Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 12:10; 13:2,8-9; 14:1-40 — one gift among many, edifying, tested against apostolic gospel truth.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: utshahit karna
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians extension: 1:10, ‘I appeal (ਬੇਨਤੀ/ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ) to you, brothers.‘
Foundation
Approved rendering: ਨੀਂਹ
Transliteration: neenh
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW TERM. 3:10-11 — Christ alone is the only legitimate foundation for the church.
Leaven Unleavened
Approved rendering: ਖਮੀਰ / ਬੇਖਮੀਰੀ
Transliteration: khameer / bekhameeri
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη / ἄζυμος
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 5:6-8 — sin spreads through the community like leaven through dough. Requires OT Passover background note for full theological force.
Virgin Unmarried
Approved rendering: ਕੁਆਰੀ / ਅਣਵਿਆਹਿਆ
Transliteration: kuari / anvyahiya
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος / ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
NEW TERM. 7:8,25-38 — singleness commended as a good gift for undivided devotion to the Lord; a positive category, not a deficient state, within Punjab’s strongly marriage-oriented culture.
Type Example
Approved rendering: ਮਿਸਾਲ
Transliteration: misal
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Original: τύπος
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. 10:6,11 — Israel’s wilderness failures as warning-patterns for the church.
Temptation
Approved rendering: ਪਰਤਾਵਾ
Transliteration: partava
Doctrine: Idolatry and Demonic Powers
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. 10:13 — God provides a way of escape from every temptation.
Order Decently
Approved rendering: ਤਰਤੀਬ / ਸਲੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ
Transliteration: tartib / salike naal
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: ਵਿਵਸਥਾ-family words
Original: τάξις / εὐσχημόνως
Category: Worship
NEW TERM. 14:33,40, ‘let all things be done decently and in order.’ Use ਤਰਤੀਬ, never a ਵਿਵਸਥਾ-root word, to avoid confusion with ਬਿਵਸਥਾ, the established term for the Mosaic Law.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: ਪਹਿਲਾ ਫਲ
Transliteration: pehla phal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM (opportunity). 15:20,23 — Christ’s resurrection guarantees believers’ future resurrection. Agricultural firstfruits imagery resonates naturally in Punjab’s strongly agrarian culture; usable as a positive teaching bridge rather than a risk.
Victory Sting
Approved rendering: ਜਿੱਤ / ਡੰਗ
Transliteration: jit / dang
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and Victory over Death
Original: νῖκος / κέντρον
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. 15:54-56, ‘death is swallowed up in victory… where, O death, is your sting?‘
Crown Prize
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਟ / ਇਨਾਮ
Transliteration: mukat / inaam
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Original: στέφανος / βραβεῖον
Category: Stewardship
NEW TERM. 9:24-25 — victor’s wreath/prize from Greek athletic games, a metaphor for disciplined Christian ministry and reward. Greco-Roman games background is unfamiliar and may need a brief explanatory note; the underlying race/discipline/reward metaphor is broadly intelligible in Punjabi culture.
Referenced passages