Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philemon — English/Greek → Punjabi
This glossary covers every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the entire book of Philemon (vv.1-25). Terms marked [TM] are already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and are reused here exactly, with no deviation. New terms introduced by Philemon’s vocabulary are assigned risk tiers using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json, and where relevant are cross-referenced to existing baseline entries for consistency.
Reused Baseline Terms [TM] — No New Entries Required
| Term | Greek | Punjabi | Risk | Baseline Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | ਕਿਰਪਾ | High | translation_memory.json |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ | Medium | translation_memory.json |
| God | θεός | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Critical | translation_memory.json |
| Father | πατήρ | ਪਿਤਾ | Critical | translation_memory.json |
| Lord | κύριος | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Critical | translation_memory.json |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ਯਿਸੂ | Critical | translation_memory.json |
| Christ/Messiah | Χριστός | ਮਸੀਹ | Critical | translation_memory.json |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Critical | translation_memory.json |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | ਧੰਨਵਾਦ | Low | translation_memory.json |
| Faith | πίστις | ਨਿਹਚਾ | High | translation_memory.json |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ | High | translation_memory.json |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία | ਸੰਗਤ | Low | translation_memory.json |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | ਮੰਡਲੀ | Medium | translation_memory.json |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ | High | translation_memory.json |
| Exhort (encourage sense) | παρακαλέω | ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ | Low | translation_memory.json (context-sensitive; see new entry below for the beseech sense used in Philemon) |
| Imputed Righteousness (accounting root) | ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην | ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ | Critical | translation_memory.json — cf. new entry charge_to_account below for the direct verbal echo in Philemon 1:18 |
New Terms Introduced by Philemon
| Term (English gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Category | Risk | Punjabi Term | Translation Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| prisoner (of Christ) | δέσμιος | desmios | Apostleship/Suffering | Medium | ਕੈਦੀ (ਮਸੀਹ ਦਾ) | Must pair with “of Christ Jesus” to avoid a shame-only reading; imprisonment framed as gospel service. |
| fellow worker | συνεργός | synergos | Church | Low | ਸਹਿਕਰਮੀ | Co-laborer in gospel ministry; consistent across vv.1, 24. |
| fellow soldier | συστρατιώτης | systratiotes | Church | Medium | ਸਾਥੀ ਸਿਪਾਹੀ | Positive resonance with Sant-Sipahi imagery possible but must remain purely spiritual, not martial/political. |
| house church | κατ’ οἶκόν ἐκκλησία | kat’ oikon ekklesia | Church | Low | ਘਰ ਦੀ ਮੰਡਲੀ | Reuses [TM] ਮੰਡਲੀ; qualifies location only. |
| remembrance | μνεία | mneia | Faith | Low | ਯਾਦ | Standard vocabulary. |
| prayer | προσευχή | proseuche | Faith | Low | ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ | Foundational to Intercession and Appeal doctrine. |
| love | ἀγάπη | agape | Faith/Christian Brotherhood | Medium | ਪਿਆਰ | Prefer over ਪ੍ਰੇਮ, which carries Hindu bhakti (Radha-Krishna) devotional-romantic resonance inappropriate for covenantal, willed love. |
| partner/sharer | κοινωνός | koinonos | Church | Medium | ਸਾਂਝੀਦਾਰ | Personal-relational counterpart of [TM] ਸੰਗਤ; not mere business partnership. |
| effective/active | ἐνεργής | energes | Faith | Low | ਅਸਰਦਾਰ | Reuses vocabulary from baseline doctrine registry’s effectual_calling for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| full knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις | epignosis | Faith | Low | ਪੂਰੀ ਸਮਝ | Deepened, experiential knowledge “in Christ.” |
| joy | χαρά | chara | Faith | High | ਖੁਸ਼ੀ | NEVER ਅਨੰਦ — reserved in Sikh liturgy for the specific doctrinal state of bliss (Anand Sahib/Anand Karaj); using it here would import unrelated theology onto ordinary relational joy. |
| comfort/encouragement | παράκλησις | paraklesis | Faith | Low | ਦਿਲਾਸਾ | Consolation received from good news of another’s faithfulness. |
| inmost being / heart | σπλάγχνα | splanchna | Christian Brotherhood/Reconciliation | High | ਦਿਲ | KEY RECURRING TERM (vv.7, 12, 20); ancient idiom for deepest affections; no direct Gurmukhi physical-organ equivalent, ਦਿਲ is the functional rendering but must retain full emotional-theological weight as the letter’s persuasive hinge. |
| to refresh/give rest | ἀναπαύω | anapauo | Christian Brotherhood/Reconciliation | Medium | ਤਾਜ਼ਗੀ ਦੇਣੀ | Distinct verb from [TM] ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ (peace with God, Romans 5:1); avoid overloading that established noun. |
| boldness/confidence (to speak/act) | παρρησία | parrhesia | Intercession and Appeal | Medium | ਦਲੇਰੀ | Paul’s legitimate but voluntarily unused apostolic authority. |
| to command | ἐπιτάσσω | epitasso | Grace-Motivated Obedience | High | ਆਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇਣਾ | NEVER ਹੁਕਮ — reserved for Sikh Divine Order doctrine in this Language Package; also the letter’s deliberate rhetorical foil to appeal. |
| fitting/proper | ἀνήκω | aneko | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Low | ਉਚਿਤ ਗੱਲ | Christian duty grounded in love, not bare law. |
| to appeal/beseech | παρακαλέω (beseech sense) | parakaleo | Intercession and Appeal | Medium | ਬੇਨਤੀ ਕਰਨੀ | Context-sensitive alternate sense of the baseline’s exhort entry; use ਬੇਨਤੀ specifically for the beseeching sense per baseline’s own note. |
| elder/ambassador | πρεσβύτης | presbytes | Intercession and Appeal | Medium | ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ (variant: ਰਾਜਦੂਤ) | Significant textual variant (πρεσβύτης/πρεσβευτής); flag for theologian review to fix base-text choice curriculum-wide. |
| child (spiritual) | τέκνον | teknon | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Medium | ਪੁੱਤਰ | Spiritual-relational metaphor; distinct from [TM] adoption (ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ), which denotes a different doctrine (believer’s adoption by God). |
| to beget (spiritually) | γεννάω | gennao | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | High | ਆਤਮਿਕ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਬਣਨਾ | CAUTION: avoid phrasing built on ਜਨਮ ਦੇਣਾ that could echo the forbidden ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ (reincarnation) term family; frame as one-time spiritual fathering through gospel proclamation. |
| useless | ἄχρηστος | achrestos | Slavery and the Gospel | Medium | ਬੇਕਾਰ | Untranslatable wordplay against Onesimus’s name; requires translator footnote. |
| useful/profitable | εὔχρηστος | euchrestos | Slavery and the Gospel | Medium | ਲਾਭਦਾਇਕ | Paired wordplay term with ἄχρηστος; footnote required. |
| bonds/chains | δεσμός | desmos | Apostleship/Suffering | Low | ਬੰਧਨ / ਜ਼ੰਜੀਰਾਂ | Paul’s imprisonment as the setting of Onesimus’s conversion. |
| to serve/minister | διακονέω | diakoneo | Christian Brotherhood/Slavery-Gospel | High | ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨੀ | ਸੇਵਾ is a living, central Sikh devotional concept (langar seva); must be anchored explicitly to gospel service (“in the bonds of the gospel”), not left as generic virtuous service. |
| consent/opinion | γνώμη | gnome | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Low | ਸਹਿਮਤੀ | Paul seeks Philemon’s free consent, not a fait accompli. |
| compulsion/necessity | ἀνάγκη | ananke | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Medium | ਮਜਬੂਰੀ | Negative pole of the letter’s central ethical contrast with ἑκούσιον. |
| voluntary | ἑκούσιον | hekousion | Grace-Motivated Obedience | High | ਆਪਣੀ ਮਰਜ਼ੀ ਨਾਲ | Central term for this doctrine; must read as grace-enabled free will, not autonomous self-effort or karmic merit-earning. |
| to separate | χωρίζω | chorizo | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Medium | ਵੱਖ ਹੋਣਾ | Euphemism for Onesimus’s flight, reframed under God’s purposes; light echo of baseline providence. |
| eternal | αἰώνιος | aionios | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Low | ਸਦੀਪਕ | Standard term; permanent restored relationship. |
| to receive back in full | ἀπέχω | apecho | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Low | ਪੂਰੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨਾ | Complete, not provisional, reception. |
| slave/bondservant | δοῦλος | doulos | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | Critical | ਗੁਲਾਮ | CRITICAL: ਗੁਲਾਮੀ carries heavy living political-historical resonance in Punjab (anti-Mughal/anti-colonial freedom narratives central to Sikh identity). Requires explicit theological bridge distinguishing first-century social-institutional slavery from Punjab’s freedom-struggle categories; the gospel’s transformation here is relational (brother, not slave) rather than an immediate abolitionist manifesto. Human theologian review required for every occurrence. |
| brother | ἀδελφός | adelphos | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | High | ਭਰਾ | The doctrine’s central term: full kinship-status declaration across a master-slave social boundary; must retain full relational weight, not become a polite honorific. |
| beloved | ἀγαπητός | agapetos | Christian Brotherhood | Low | ਪਿਆਰਾ | Reinforces intimacy of reordered relationship. |
| to receive/welcome | προσλαμβάνω | proslambano | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Medium | ਕਬੂਲ ਕਰਨਾ | Full, honoring acceptance, not mere toleration. |
| to wrong | ἀδικέω | adikeo | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Medium | ਬੇਇਨਸਾਫ਼ੀ ਕਰਨੀ | Names the offense plainly; not minimized. |
| to owe | ὀφείλω | opheilo | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | Low | ਕਰਜ਼ਦਾਰ ਹੋਣਾ | Names the material debt. |
| to charge to one’s account | ἐλλογάω | ellogao | Forgiveness and Reconciliation / Justification (typological echo) | High | ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਉਣਾ | OPPORTUNITY: identical accounting-verb family as baseline’s imputed_righteousness (ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ); flag as an intentional teachable typological resonance — Paul enacting in miniature what Christ does at the cross. |
| to repay in full | ἀποτίνω | apotino | Intercession and Appeal | Medium | ਪੂਰਾ ਮੋੜ ਦੇਣਾ | Paul’s personal financial guarantee — substitutionary intercession modeled concretely. |
| to owe besides (one’s very self) | προσοφείλω | prosopheilo | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Medium | ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਦਾ ਕਰਜ਼ਦਾਰ ਹੋਣਾ | Philemon’s own greater debt to Paul (his conversion) as leverage for the appeal. |
| to benefit/have joy of | ὀνίνημι | oninemi | Intercession and Appeal | Medium | ਲਾਭ/ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਪਾਉਣਾ | Wordplay on Onesimus’s name; footnote required. |
| obedience | ὑπακοή | hypakoe | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Medium | ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ | Distinct from baseline’s compound obedience_of_faith (ਨਿਹਚਾ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ); here plain obedience grounded in love, not the specific Romans doctrinal compound. |
| to trust/be confident | πείθω (πέποιθα) | peitho | Grace-Motivated Obedience | Low | ਭਰੋਸਾ ਰੱਖਣਾ | Confidence in Philemon’s transformed character, not in apostolic command. |
| hospitality/lodging | ξενία | xenia | Christian Fellowship | Low | ਪਰਾਹੁਣਚਾਰੀ | OPPORTUNITY: strongly positive, natural-fit Punjabi cultural value; echoes communal-hospitality ethos (e.g. langar) without doctrinal conflict. |
| to hope | ἐλπίζω | elpizo | Faith | Low | ਆਸ ਰੱਖਣੀ | Confident expectation grounded in answered prayer. |
| to grant freely/restore | χαρίζομαι | charizomai | Grace | Medium | ਕਿਰਪਾ ਨਾਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਣਾ | Same root as [TM] χάρις/ਕਿਰਪਾ; prefer a ਕਿਰਪਾ-rooted phrase over ਬਖ਼ਸ਼ਣਾ to avoid additional Sikh/Islamic devotional-bestowal associations and keep grace vocabulary visibly unified. |
| fellow prisoner | συναιχμάλωτος | synaichmalotos | Apostleship/Suffering | Low | ਸਾਥੀ ਕੈਦੀ | Epaphras’s shared imprisonment; solidarity in gospel suffering. |
| to greet | ἀσπάζομαι | aspazomai | (epistolary convention) | Low | ਸਲਾਮ ਆਖਣਾ | Prefer ਸਲਾਮ over ਨਮਸਕਾਰ, which carries Hindu/Sikh ritual-greeting connotations inappropriate for a routine closing greeting. |
| spirit (human) | πνεῦμα | pneuma | (closing benediction) | Medium | ਆਤਮਾ | Refers to the recipients’ own human spirit, NOT the [TM] ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ (Holy Spirit); context must prevent conflation. |
Proper Names
| Name | Greek | Punjabi | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Παῦλος | ਪੌਲੁਸ | Low |
| Timothy | Τιμόθεος | ਤਿਮੋਥਿਉਸ | Low |
| Philemon | Φιλήμων | ਫਿਲੇਮੋਨ | Low |
| Apphia | Ἀπφία | ਅਪ੍ਫਿਯਾ | Low |
| Archippus | Ἄρχιππος | ਅਰਖਿੱਪੁਸ | Low |
| Onesimus | Ὀνήσιμος | ਉਨੇਸਿਮੁਸ | Medium (name-meaning wordplay theologically significant) |
| Epaphras | Ἐπαφρᾶς | ਇਪਾਫਰਾਸ | Low |
| Mark | Μᾶρκος | ਮਰਕੁਸ | Low |
| Aristarchus | Ἀρίσταρχος | ਅਰਿਸਤਰਖੁਸ | Low |
| Demas | Δημᾶς | ਦੇਮਾਸ | Low |
| Luke | Λουκᾶς | ਲੂਕਾ | Low |
Risk Tier Summary (New Philemon Terms Only)
- Critical: 1 (δοῦλος / ਗੁਲਾਮ)
- High: 8 (ἀγάπη-adjacent set: ἐπιτάσσω, ἑκούσιον, σπλάγχνα, ἀδελφός, διακονέω, χαρά, γεννάω, ἐλλογάω)
- Medium: 21
- Low: 22
All Critical and High risk new terms above require human theologian review per the baseline’s routing convention; Medium terms route to native speaker review; Low terms route to automated review, consistent with doctrine_risk_registry.json’s established risk_definitions.
Critical Risk Terms
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: lekhe lai dharmikta
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਕਮਾਈ ਹੋਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-referenced here because Philemon 1:18 uses the identical accounting-verb family (ἐλλογάω, see ellogao_charge_to_account below) for Onesimus’s debt — an intentional, teachable typological miniature of the cross that curriculum notes must flag explicitly, not treat as coincidental lexical overlap.
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:3-4. NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Philemon’s greeting, in “in the Lord” (1:16, 1:20), and the closing benediction (1:25). NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:3, 1:25. NEVER ਈਸਾ.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:1 (“a prisoner of Christ Jesus”), 1:9, and 1:25 (“the Lord Jesus Christ”).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Does not itself occur by name in Philemon, but must be kept sharply distinguished from the human-spirit sense of πνεῦμα that closes the letter’s benediction at 1:25 (see spirit_human below). NEVER ਬ੍ਰਹਮ or ਜੋਤ.
Doulos Slave
Approved rendering: ਗੁਲਾਮ
Transliteration: ghulam
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: euphemistic softening of any kind
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel
New term (δοῦλος, Philemon 1:16). CRITICAL: ਗੁਲਾਮੀ carries heavy, living historical-political weight in Punjabi memory — invoked constantly in anti-Mughal and anti-colonial freedom narratives central to Sikh historical identity (the Khalsa’s formation is popularly remembered as resistance to ਗੁਲਾਮੀ). No euphemism is an adequate substitute (it would obscure the text’s own plain naming of Onesimus’s status), but EVERY occurrence requires a mandatory theological bridge note distinguishing first-century social-economic slavery from Punjab’s freedom-struggle categories: Paul’s transformation here is relational and status-reordering (brother, not slave) within existing structures, not an immediate political-liberation manifesto. Human theologian review required for every occurrence, no exceptions.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Punjabi Christian term, “good news.” In Philemon 1:13, names the specific setting of Onesimus’s conversion and Paul’s imprisonment (“bonds of the gospel”), not a generic good cause Paul happens to be imprisoned for.
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:3 (opening greeting), 1:25 (benediction), and underlies the verb form χαρίζομαι in 1:22 (see charizomai_grant_freely below). Every occurrence must keep the source of grace explicitly Christ-centered, not read as flowing through Guru-mediation or Naam-simran.
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:5-6, describing Philemon’s reported personal trust in the Lord Jesus and reliance shown toward the saints — the ground of Paul’s later confidence in 1:21. Must not be read as generalized devotional reverence.
Saints
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: pavittar lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ਸੰਤ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:5, 1:7: all believers whose hearts (ਦਿਲ) are refreshed by Philemon’s love — an ordinary corporate designation, not an ascetic elite. NEVER ਸੰਤ.
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:3, God as personal Father named alongside the Lord Jesus Christ in the opening greeting. Note: this is distinct from Paul’s own metaphorical spiritual fatherhood of Onesimus (see gennao_beget_spiritually below), which is not the doctrine of divine Fatherhood and must not be confused with it.
Chara Joy
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ੀ
Transliteration: khushi
Doctrine: Joy and Mutual Encouragement
Rejected alternatives: ਅਨੰਦ
Original: χαρά
Category: Faith
New term (χαρά, Philemon 1:7). NEVER ਅਨੰਦ — that term carries specific Sikh liturgical/doctrinal weight (Anand Sahib, Anand Karaj; the technical state of spiritual bliss in union with Waheguru taught by Guru Amar Das), which would import an unrelated theological framework onto Paul’s ordinary relational gladness.
Splanchna Inmost Being
Approved rendering: ਦਿਲ
Transliteration: dil
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Christian Brotherhood
New term (σπλάγχνα, Philemon 1:7, 1:12, 1:20). KEY RECURRING TERM — the letter’s emotional and theological hinge. No direct Gurmukhi organ-idiom equivalent exists for the ancient bowels-as-seat-of-emotion convention; ਦਿਲ is the functional rendering. MUST be rendered identically at all three occurrences (not varied for stylistic elegance) so the reader can trace the pattern: the saints’ hearts refreshed (1:7) → Onesimus as Paul’s own heart (1:12) → Paul’s heart to be refreshed by Philemon’s obedience (1:20).
Epitasso Command
Approved rendering: ਆਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇਣਾ
Transliteration: adesh dena
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: ਹੁਕਮ
Original: ἐπιτάσσω
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (ἐπιτάσσω, Philemon 1:8). NEVER ਹੁਕਮ — that noun/verb family is reserved in this Language Package for the Sikh doctrine of Waheguru’s Divine Order (cf. baseline providence entry). ਹੁਕਮ is also the more fluent, tempting near-synonym; translators must resist it under stylistic pressure, since the deliberate command-vs-appeal contrast structures the whole letter.
Gennao Beget Spiritually
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਿਕ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਬਣਨਾ
Transliteration: atmik taur te pita banna
Doctrine: Spiritual Fatherhood and Conversion
Rejected alternatives: ਜਨਮ ਦੇਣਾ (in any construction implying a rebirth-cycle)
Original: γεννάω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (γεννάω, Philemon 1:10). CAUTION: avoid any phrasing built on ਜਨਮ ਦੇਣਾ that could echo the baseline’s forbidden ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ/ਆਵਾਗਵਣ (reincarnation) term family. Render as a single, decisive spiritual fathering event through gospel proclamation, never a rebirth-cycle concept.
Diakoneo Serve
Approved rendering: ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨੀ
Transliteration: seva karni
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: ਸੇਵਾ (bare, unqualified)
Original: διακονέω
Category: Slavery and the Gospel
New term (διακονέω, Philemon 1:13). ਸੇਵਾ is a living, central Sikh devotional concept (langar seva, selfless communal service) — genuinely resonant but must always be qualified as ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ ਦੇ ਬੰਧਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨੀ (“to serve in the bonds of the gospel”), never left as generic virtuous seva detached from Christ.
Hekousion Voluntary
Approved rendering: ਆਪਣੀ ਮਰਜ਼ੀ ਨਾਲ
Transliteration: apni marzi naal
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἑκούσιον
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (ἑκούσιον, Philemon 1:14). The letter’s titular doctrinal term. Must be carefully distinguished from any reading suggesting self-generated merit, karmic self-effort, or Sikh Divine-Order (ਹੁਕਮ) submission; the voluntariness in view is itself a fruit of grace already received (agape 1:9, charis 1:3/1:25), not autonomous willpower earning standing. Requires the heaviest explanatory scaffolding of any term newly introduced by this letter.
Adelphos Brother
Approved rendering: ਭਰਾ
Transliteration: bhra
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Christian Brotherhood
New term (ἀδελφός, Philemon 1:16). The doctrine’s central term: full kinship-status declaration across a master-slave social boundary. Must retain full relational weight — not a polite honorific extended downward (as ਭਰਾ is often used casually in everyday Punjabi toward strangers/subordinates), but a declaration of equal standing in Christ, directly challenging residual caste/communal-status hierarchy in Punjab.
Ellogao Charge To Account
Approved rendering: ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਉਣਾ
Transliteration: lekhe launa
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਫ਼ੀ (alone, as a substitute for the accounting metaphor)
Original: ἐλλογάω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (ἐλλογάω, Philemon 1:18). OPPORTUNITY: identical accounting-verb family as the baseline’s imputed_righteousness doctrine (ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ). Paul enacting in miniature what Christ does at the cross; curriculum doctrinal notes must flag this as intentional resonance.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:3 as part of the standard apostolic greeting formula. Do not overload this established noun with the distinct sense of personal emotional relief conveyed by ਤਾਜ਼ਗੀ ਦੇਣੀ (anapauo_refresh) at 1:7/1:20.
Church
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: mandli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ਮੰਦਰ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:2, qualified as ਘਰ ਦੀ ਮੰਡਲੀ (house church, see kat_oikon_ekklesia_house_church below). NEVER ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ or ਮੰਦਰ.
Charizomai Grant Freely
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ ਨਾਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਣਾ
Transliteration: kirpa naal ditta jana
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਬਖ਼ਸ਼ਣਾ
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Salvation
New term (χαρίζομαι, Philemon 1:22). Same root as χάρις/ਕਿਰਪਾ. Render with this ਕਿਰਪਾ-rooted phrase, never ਬਖ਼ਸ਼ਣਾ, which carries additional Sikh/Islamic devotional-bestowal associations that would sever the visible link to the letter’s grace vocabulary (1:3, 1:25).
Spirit Human
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: atma
Doctrine: Closing Benediction (Human Spirit, distinct from Holy Spirit)
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
New term (πνεῦμα, Philemon 1:25, “with your spirit”). Refers to the recipients’ own human spirit, NOT the Holy Spirit. Rendered simply ਆਤਮਾ, without the qualifier ਪਵਿੱਤਰ, so the two referents are never conflated in translation or footnoting.
Koinonos Partner
Approved rendering: ਸਾਂਝੀਦਾਰ
Transliteration: sanjhidar
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Church
New term (κοινωνός, Philemon 1:17). Personal-relational counterpart of ਸੰਗਤ (κοινωνία); must not read as a mere business-partnership term. Anchor with ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਂਝੀਦਾਰ (“partner in the gospel”) rather than bare ਸਾਂਝੀਦਾਰ where context allows.
Parakaleo Appeal
Approved rendering: ਬੇਨਤੀ ਕਰਨੀ
Transliteration: benti karni
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: παρακαλέω (beseech sense)
Category: Intercession and Appeal
New term: the beseech/appeal sense of παρακαλέω (Philemon 1:9, 1:10), distinct from the encourage sense already covered by the baseline’s exhort entry (ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ). Philemon is unusually saturated with this verb functioning as its rhetorical backbone; flag every occurrence for reviewer verification of which sense is active.
Desmios Prisoner
Approved rendering: ਕੈਦੀ (ਮਸੀਹ ਦਾ)
Transliteration: kaidi (Masih da)
Doctrine: Apostleship and Suffering for the Gospel
Original: δέσμιος
Category: Apostleship and Suffering
New term (δέσμιος, Philemon 1:1, 1:9). Must pair with “of Christ Jesus” (ਮਸੀਹ ਦਾ) to prevent a shame-only reading; imprisonment for the gospel carries strong independent social stigma in Punjabi culture and must be framed as gospel service, not disgrace.
Systratiotes Fellow Soldier
Approved rendering: ਸਾਥੀ ਸਿਪਾਹੀ
Transliteration: sathi sipahi
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: συστρατιώτης
Category: Church
New term (συστρατιώτης, Philemon 1:2, of Archippus). Positive resonance with the Sant-Sipahi (saint-soldier) ideal in Sikh tradition is possible as a bridge image, but must remain purely spiritual (gospel labor), never conflated with Khalsa martial-political identity.
Agape Love
Approved rendering: ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: pyar
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
New term (ἀγάπη, Philemon 1:5, 1:7, 1:9). Prefer ਪਿਆਰ over ਪ੍ਰੇਮ, which carries strong Hindu bhakti (Radha-Krishna) devotional-romantic resonance that would reframe covenantal, willed love as romantic longing. Philemon’s unusually concentrated agape vocabulary (love named repeatedly in 25 verses) makes drift toward ਪ੍ਰੇਮ a systemic, not isolated, risk.
Anapauo Refresh
Approved rendering: ਤਾਜ਼ਗੀ ਦੇਣੀ
Transliteration: taazgi deni
Doctrine: Joy and Mutual Encouragement
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਾਂਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Original: ἀναπαύω
Category: Christian Brotherhood
New term (ἀναπαύω, Philemon 1:7, 1:20). Distinct verb from the baseline’s ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ (relational peace with God, Romans 5:1); render as ਤਾਜ਼ਗੀ ਦੇਣੀ to avoid overloading that established noun with this distinct sense of personal emotional relief.
Parrhesia Boldness
Approved rendering: ਦਲੇਰੀ
Transliteration: daleri
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: παρρησία
Category: Intercession and Appeal
New term (παρρησία, Philemon 1:8). Must retain the sense of legitimate apostolic authority Paul possesses but voluntarily sets aside — not mere personal courage/temperament — since this sets up the letter’s entire command-vs-appeal rhetorical structure.
Presbytes Elder
Approved rendering: ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ (ਵਿਕਲਪ: ਰਾਜਦੂਤ)
Transliteration: buzurg (vikalp: rajdoot)
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: πρεσβύτης (variant πρεσβευτής)
Category: Intercession and Appeal
New term (πρεσβύτης, Philemon 1:9; textual variant πρεσβευτής, “ambassador”). Fix ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ as the primary curriculum-wide rendering with a mandatory footnote noting the ਰਾਜਦੂਤ variant; theologian sign-off on base-text tradition applies once, then held fixed for all Phase 2 output.
Teknon Spiritual Child
Approved rendering: ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: puttar
Doctrine: Spiritual Fatherhood and Conversion
Original: τέκνον
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (τέκνον, Philemon 1:10). Must be clearly marked as a spiritual-relational metaphor, distinct from the baseline’s adoption doctrine (ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ, believer’s adoption by God), which is a different doctrine entirely.
Onesimos Name Wordplay
Approved rendering: ਉਨੇਸਿਮੁਸ (ਭਾਵ: “ਲਾਭਦਾਇਕ”)
Transliteration: Onesimus (bhav: “labhdayak”)
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: Ὀνήσιμος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel
New term (Ὀνήσιμος, Philemon 1:10, 1:11, 1:20). The name-meaning pun (“Useful”) is structurally untranslatable into Gurmukhi. Transliterate the proper name; carry the meaning only in a mandatory translator footnote at each of the three recurrences (1:10-11, 1:20).
Achrestos Useless
Approved rendering: ਬੇਕਾਰ
Transliteration: bekar
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ἄχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel
New term (ἄχρηστος, Philemon 1:11). Deliberate pun against Onesimus’s name; requires the same footnote as onesimos_name_wordplay above.
Euchrestos Useful
Approved rendering: ਲਾਭਦਾਇਕ
Transliteration: labhdayak
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: εὔχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel
New term (εὔχρηστος, Philemon 1:11). Paired wordplay term with ἄχρηστος; same footnote requirement.
Oninemi Benefit Joy
Approved rendering: ਲਾਭ/ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਪਾਉਣਾ
Transliteration: labh/khushi pauna
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: ὀνίνημι
Category: Intercession and Appeal
New term (ὀνίνημι, Philemon 1:20). Third occurrence of the Onesimus name-wordplay (‘let me have benefit/joy of you’); requires the same translator footnote as achrestos_useless/euchrestos_useful.
Ananke Compulsion
Approved rendering: ਮਜਬੂਰੀ
Transliteration: majboori
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἀνάγκη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (ἀνάγκη, Philemon 1:14). The negative pole of the letter’s central ethical contrast with ἑκούσιον; do not let this drift toward a softer “obligation” reading that would blur the sharp contrast.
Chorizo Separate
Approved rendering: ਵੱਖ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: vakh hona
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: χωρίζω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (χωρίζω, Philemon 1:15). A theologically loaded euphemism for Onesimus’s flight, reframed under divine providence; a light echo of the baseline’s providence doctrine (ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ) is appropriate without overstating what the text explicitly claims.
Proslambano Receive Welcome
Approved rendering: ਕਬੂਲ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: kabool karna
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: προσλαμβάνω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (προσλαμβάνω, Philemon 1:17). Must convey full, honoring acceptance, not mere toleration — receiving Onesimus as one would receive Paul himself.
Adikeo Wrong
Approved rendering: ਬੇਇਨਸਾਫ਼ੀ ਕਰਨੀ
Transliteration: beinsafi karni
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀδικέω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (ἀδικέω, Philemon 1:18). Names Onesimus’s offense plainly (likely theft or flight); the wrong is not minimized.
Apotino Repay In Full
Approved rendering: ਪੂਰਾ ਮੋੜ ਦੇਣਾ
Transliteration: pura mor dena
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: ἀποτίνω
Category: Intercession and Appeal
New term (ἀποτίνω, Philemon 1:19). Paul’s personal, concrete financial guarantee — a model of substitutionary intercession; must not be flattened into an ordinary IOU.
Prosopheilo Owe Besides
Approved rendering: ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਦਾ ਕਰਜ਼ਦਾਰ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: apne aap da karazdar hona
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: προσοφείλω
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (προσοφείλω, Philemon 1:19). Philemon’s own far greater debt to Paul (his conversion); supplies leverage for the appeal without becoming coercive.
Hypakoe Obedience
Approved rendering: ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ
Transliteration: agiakari
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਹਚਾ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ (reserved for the distinct Romans compound doctrine)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (ὑπακοή, Philemon 1:21). Plain obedience flowing from love, distinct from the baseline’s compound obedience_of_faith doctrine (ਨਿਹਚਾ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ, Romans 1:5/16:26), which names a different specific missiological doctrine and must not be substituted here.
Onesimus
Approved rendering: ਉਨੇਸਿਮੁਸ
Transliteration: Onesimus
Doctrine: Proper Name / Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Established transliterated proper-name form. Medium risk because the name-meaning wordplay (“useful”) is theologically significant at 1:10-11, 1:20; see onesimos_name_wordplay above.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ਦੋਸਤੀ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:6 (the active outworking of Philemon’s shared faith). A positive, natural-fit term; no doctrinal collision.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: utshahit karna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Covers the encourage/build-up sense of παρακαλέω. Philemon’s own text is dominated by the alternate beseech/appeal sense of this verb family; see the new entry parakaleo_appeal below for that sense, used at Philemon 1:9-10.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
Transliteration: dhanvad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Philemon 1:4. Standard term; minor risk of over-ritualization only.
Kat Oikon Ekklesia House Church
Approved rendering: ਘਰ ਦੀ ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: ghar di mandli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: κατ’ οἶκόν ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
New term (κατ’ οἶκόν ἐκκλησία, Philemon 1:2). Qualifies the established ਮੰਡਲੀ with location only; must not read as an institutional Gurdwara- or temple-style structure.
Desmos Bonds
Approved rendering: ਬੰਧਨ / ਜ਼ੰਜੀਰਾਂ
Transliteration: bandhan / zanjiran
Doctrine: Apostleship and Suffering for the Gospel
Original: δεσμός
Category: Apostleship and Suffering
New term (δεσμός, Philemon 1:10, 1:13). Chains/bonds; the setting of Onesimus’s conversion and potential service. Standard vocabulary.
Synaichmalotos Fellow Prisoner
Approved rendering: ਸਾਥੀ ਕੈਦੀ
Transliteration: sathi kaidi
Doctrine: Apostleship and Suffering for the Gospel
Original: συναιχμάλωτος
Category: Apostleship and Suffering
New term (συναιχμάλωτος, Philemon 1:23). Epaphras’s shared imprisonment for the gospel; solidarity in suffering.
Synergos Fellow Worker
Approved rendering: ਸਹਿਕਰਮੀ
Transliteration: sahakarmi
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: συνεργός
Category: Church
New term (συνεργός, Philemon 1:1, 1:24). Co-laborer in gospel ministry; render identically at both occurrences.
Adelphe Sister
Approved rendering: ਭੈਣ
Transliteration: bhain
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
New term (ἀδελφή, Philemon 1:2, of Apphia). Standard vocabulary; a female fellow believer named as a full member of the believing household.
Mneia Remembrance
Approved rendering: ਯਾਦ
Transliteration: yaad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: μνεία
Category: Faith
New term (μνεία, Philemon 1:4). Standard vocabulary.
Proseuche Prayer
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਾਰਥਨਾ
Transliteration: prarthana
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: προσευχή
Category: Intercession and Appeal
New term (προσευχή, Philemon 1:4, 1:22). Foundational to the letter’s intercessory pattern; direct personal access to God.
Agapetos Beloved
Approved rendering: ਪਿਆਰਾ
Transliteration: pyara
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christian Brotherhood
New term (ἀγαπητός, Philemon 1:16). Reinforces the intimacy of Onesimus’s reordered status as brother.
Energes Effective
Approved rendering: ਅਸਰਦਾਰ
Transliteration: asardar
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἐνεργής
Category: Faith
New term (ἐνεργής, Philemon 1:6). Describes faith producing visible good; reuses vocabulary already established in the baseline’s effectual_calling entry for cross-curriculum consistency.
Epignosis Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: ਪੂਰੀ ਸਮਝ
Transliteration: puri samajh
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
New term (ἐπίγνωσις, Philemon 1:6). Deep, experiential knowledge of every good thing believers have in Christ.
Paraklesis Comfort
Approved rendering: ਦਿਲਾਸਾ
Transliteration: dilasa
Doctrine: Joy and Mutual Encouragement
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Faith
New term (παράκλησις, Philemon 1:7). Comfort/encouragement Paul receives from news of Philemon’s love.
Aneko Fitting
Approved rendering: ਉਚਿਤ ਗੱਲ
Transliteration: uchit gall
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἀνήκω
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (ἀνήκω, Philemon 1:8). Philemon’s Christian duty toward Onesimus, grounded in love, not bare law.
Anapempo Send Back
Approved rendering: ਵਾਪਸ ਭੇਜਣਾ
Transliteration: vapas bhejna
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀναπέμπω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (ἀναπέμπω, Philemon 1:12). Paul’s costly, voluntary act of returning Onesimus to Philemon.
Gnome Consent
Approved rendering: ਸਹਿਮਤੀ
Transliteration: sehmati
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: γνώμη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (γνώμη, Philemon 1:14). Paul seeks Philemon’s free consent, not a fait accompli.
Aionios Eternal
Approved rendering: ਸਦੀਪਕ
Transliteration: sadipak
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (αἰώνιος, Philemon 1:15). The temporary separation reframed as leading to a permanent restored relationship.
Apecho Receive Back Fully
Approved rendering: ਪੂਰੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: puri tarah prapat karna
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀπέχω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (ἀπέχω, Philemon 1:15). Philemon is to receive Onesimus back not provisionally, but completely and permanently.
Opheilo Owe
Approved rendering: ਕਰਜ਼ਦਾਰ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: karazdar hona
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ὀφείλω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term (ὀφείλω, Philemon 1:18). Names a financial/material debt alongside the relational wrong.
Peitho Trust Confident
Approved rendering: ਭਰੋਸਾ ਰੱਖਣਾ
Transliteration: bharosa rakhna
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: πείθω (πέποιθα)
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term (πείθω/πέποιθα, Philemon 1:21). Paul’s confidence rests in Philemon’s Spirit-transformed character, not Paul’s own apostolic authority.
Xenia Hospitality
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਹੁਣਚਾਰੀ
Transliteration: parahunchari
Doctrine: Hospitality and Christian Hope
Original: ξενία
Category: Church
New term (ξενία, Philemon 1:22). OPPORTUNITY: a strongly positive, natural-fit Punjabi cultural value, echoing the communal-hospitality ethos of langar in Sikh practice, without importing conflicting doctrine.
Elpizo Hope
Approved rendering: ਆਸ ਰੱਖਣੀ
Transliteration: aas rakhni
Doctrine: Hospitality and Christian Hope
Original: ἐλπίζω
Category: Faith
New term (ἐλπίζω, Philemon 1:22). Confident expectation grounded in answered prayer, not uncertain wishing.
Aspazomai Greet
Approved rendering: ਸਲਾਮ ਆਖਣਾ
Transliteration: salam akhna
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਨਮਸਕਾਰ
Original: ἀσπάζομαι
Category: Church
New term (ἀσπάζομαι, Philemon 1:23). Standard epistolary closing convention. Prefer ਸਲਾਮ over ਨਮਸਕਾਰ, which carries Hindu/Sikh ritual-greeting connotations inappropriate for a routine greeting formula.
Paul
Approved rendering: ਪੌਲੁਸ
Transliteration: Paulus
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Occurs throughout Philemon.
Timothy
Approved rendering: ਤਿਮੋਥਿਉਸ
Transliteration: Timothiaus
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:1.
Philemon
Approved rendering: ਫਿਲੇਮੋਨ
Transliteration: Philemon
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form; also the book title (see citation conventions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md).
Apphia
Approved rendering: ਅਪ੍ਫਿਯਾ
Transliteration: Apphia
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:2.
Archippus
Approved rendering: ਅਰਖਿੱਪੁਸ
Transliteration: Archippus
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:2.
Epaphras
Approved rendering: ਇਪਾਫਰਾਸ
Transliteration: Epaphras
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:23.
Mark
Approved rendering: ਮਰਕੁਸ
Transliteration: Markus
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:24.
Aristarchus
Approved rendering: ਅਰਿਸਤਰਖੁਸ
Transliteration: Aristarchus
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:24.
Demas
Approved rendering: ਦੇਮਾਸ
Transliteration: Demas
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:24.
Luke
Approved rendering: ਲੂਕਾ
Transliteration: Luka
Doctrine: Proper Name
Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form. Philemon 1:24.
Referenced passages