Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 John (English ↔ Greek ↔ Punjabi)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the entire book of 2 John (the single chapter, vv.1–13, including the core passage vv.4–11). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked REUSED and their baseline rendering is carried over unchanged, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly. Terms new to this curriculum are marked NEW and are proposed here for addition to translation memory, with a risk tier assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term (English) | Greek | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | 2 John Occurrences | Baseline Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Critical | Deity | v.3, v.9 | god |
| Father | πατήρ | ਪਿਤਾ | Critical | Adoption/Fatherhood | v.3, v.4, v.9 | father |
| Son of God (Christological title) | υἱὸς [τοῦ πατρός] | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ (base form); see Section B for the 2 John-specific compound “Son of the Father” | Critical | Sonship of Christ | v.3, v.9 | son_of_god |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ਯਿਸੂ | Critical | Lordship/Christology | v.3, v.7 | jesus |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός | ਮਸੀਹ | Critical | Messianic Promise | v.3, v.7, v.9 | messiah |
| Grace | χάρις | ਕਿਰਪਾ | High | Grace | v.3 | grace |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ | Medium | Peace with God | v.3 | peace |
| Incarnation (doctrine label) | — (theological name for ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί) | ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ | Critical | Incarnation | v.7 | incarnation |
| Fellowship / partnership (root only — see Section B for the 2 John antonymic warning use) | κοινωνία / κοινωνέω | ਸੰਗਤ (positive sense only; NOT used for v.11) | Low (positive sense) | Christian Fellowship | root shared with v.11 | fellowship |
| Holy Spirit | — (not textually present in 2 John but doctrinally adjacent to Trinitarian statements in v.3, v.9) | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Critical | Sanctification | (contextual, not textual) | holy_spirit |
Section B — New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum (Critical Risk)
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | 2 John Occurrences | Grounded Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coming in the flesh (Incarnation assertion) | ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί / erchomenon en sarki | ਸਰੀਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ | Critical | Incarnation; Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | v.7 | The letter’s central doctrinal flashpoint: denial of Christ’s real physical humanity is explicitly equated with antichrist teaching. Faces the baseline’s documented double audience risk — Hindu-heritage readers may hear avatar-descent (ਅਵਤਾਰ), Sikh-heritage readers may hear a violation of Waheguru’s revealed formlessness (ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰ). Requires the baseline’s mandatory theological bridge note at every occurrence, not vocabulary control alone. |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος / antichristos | ਮਸੀਹ-ਵਿਰੋਧੀ | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | v.7 | Built on the already-Critical term ਮਸੀਹ; must be rendered as direct, categorical opposition to the one true Christ, not as one rival prophet/guru/teacher figure among several claiming ultimate religious authority in a religiously plural Punjabi context. |
| Son of the Father (compound Christological title) | τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ πατρός / tou huiou tou patros | ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | Sonship of Christ; Deity of Christ | v.3 | Names Christ as co-source, with the Father, of grace/mercy/peace — a direct assertion of Christ’s deity that must not be softened into honorific, adoptive, or guru-successor sonship. Must be read as a 2 John-specific instantiation of the baseline son_of_god doctrine, not a separate or lesser category. |
Section C — New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum (High Risk)
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | 2 John Occurrences | Grounded Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Truth | ἀλήθεια / alētheia | ਸਚਾਈ | High | Walking in Truth and Love | vv.1, 2, 3, 4, 12 (implicit via “joy”) | Sikh scripture centers on ਸਤਿ (Sat) as a core divine attribute (Waheguru as Satnam; the Mool Mantar opens ੴ ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ). ਸਚਾਈ is the safer everyday term, but every occurrence must anchor “truth” to the specific content of apostolic teaching about Christ, not leave it as an undefined virtue a Sikh-background reader could assimilate to divine Sat. |
| Love (noun and verb) | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | ਪਿਆਰ | High | Walking in Truth and Love | vv.1, 3, 5, 6 | The devotional alternative ਪ੍ਰੇਮ carries strong bhakti resonance (prem-bhagti, devotional love cultivated toward a Guru/the divine through meditative practice). Biblical ἀγάπη is inseparable from concrete obedience to Christ’s commandments (v.6 explicitly defines it this way); every occurrence should make that behavioral content explicit rather than resting on ਪ੍ਰੇਮ’s inward-feeling connotation. |
| Commandment | ἐντολή / entolē | ਆਗਿਆ | High | Walking in Truth and Love | vv.4, 5, 6 (x2) | The natural Punjabi word for “command,” ਹੁਕਮ, is reserved in the baseline for Waheguru’s specific liturgical Divine Order (Hukam/Hukamnama) and explicitly flagged as too liturgically specific to substitute for Christian doctrinal concepts. ਆਗਿਆ is selected instead, consistent with the baseline’s own root ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ (used for obedience_of_faith). |
| Deceivers | πλάνοι / planoi | ਭਰਮਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | v.7 | Denotes specific doctrinal seduction leading believers away from apostolic Christology, not generic dishonesty; must not be rendered with a plain word for “liar” that loses the doctrinal-error-specific sense. |
| Confess | ὁμολογέω / homologeō | ਮੰਨਣਾ / ਇਕਰਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | v.7 | Denotes public, doctrinal affirmation before a community, parallel in theological weight to the Romans 10:9 confession “Jesus is Lord” (ਯਿਸੂ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਹੈ). Must not be reduced to private, inward belief; consistency with the Romans confession pattern is required. |
| Teaching / doctrine of Christ | διδαχή / didachē | ਸਿੱਖਿਆ | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | v.9 (x2), implied v.10 | ਸਿੱਖਿਆ is etymologically and culturally close to the self-designation “Sikh” (a learner/disciple of the Guru’s teaching), creating risk that “the teaching of Christ” is heard as one teaching-tradition among several gurus’ teachings to be synthesized or supplemented. Every occurrence must frame Christ’s teaching as singular, complete, and closed to reinterpretation. |
| Receive (into one’s house) | λαμβάνετε / lambanete | ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੈਣਾ | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | v.10 | Carries the full ancient social force of hospitality as public endorsement, not mere etiquette. Punjab’s strong cultural hospitality norms (including Sikh langar/seva traditions of welcoming all) make this instruction culturally counter-intuitive; requires careful framing to avoid being misread as license for rudeness or a wholesale rejection of biblical hospitality elsewhere commended (e.g., Romans 12:13). |
| Give any greeting (χαίρειν formula) | χαίρειν … μὴ λέγετε | ਸਲਾਮ/ਨਮਸਕਾਰ ਨਾ ਆਖਣਾ | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | vv.10–11 | Punjabi greeting culture carries religiously-marked forms (notably the Sikh greeting “ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ,” built on ਸਤਿ). Must use a religiously neutral greeting term and frame the withheld greeting as principled doctrinal non-endorsement, not personal discourtesy. |
| Takes part in / shares in (evil) | κοινωνεῖ / koinonei | ਸਾਂਝੀ ਬਣਨਾ / ਹਿੱਸੇਦਾਰ ਬਣਨਾ | High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | v.11 | Shares its root with the baseline’s positive fellowship term ਸੰਗਤ, but here names partnership in evil. Must NOT be rendered with ਸੰਗਤ, which would wrongly import that term’s warm, positive communal resonance into a verse warning against complicity in false doctrine. |
| Goes on ahead / progresses beyond | προάγων / proagōn | ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧ ਜਾਣਾ | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | v.9 | The false teachers frame doctrinal departure as spiritual “progress,” which maps uneasily onto South Asian frameworks valuing advancing stages of realization under a teacher’s guidance. Must be rendered so that “going ahead” of Christ’s teaching is unmistakably a negative departure/apostasy, never admirable spiritual maturation. |
Section D — New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum (Medium Risk)
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | 2 John Occurrences | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walk (conduct metaphor) | περιπατέω / peripateō | ਚੱਲਣਾ | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | vv.4, 6 (x2) | Must be understood figuratively (conduct/lifestyle); doctrine-title term requiring consistent rendering throughout the curriculum. |
| Elder (title) | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ | Medium | (authorial self-designation; church office background) | v.1 | Everyday Punjabi usage reads ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ as simply “an elderly/respected person”; needs a contextual note identifying an early-church leadership title, distinct from generic age-based respect and from Sikh baba/sant authority figures. |
| Lady (κυρία, address) | κυρία / kyria | ਬੀਬੀ / “ਚੁਣੀ ਹੋਈ ਬੀਬੀ” | Medium | (epistolary address; possible congregation-personification) | vv.1, 5 | Shares a root with κύριος (“Lord,” ਪ੍ਰਭੂ in the baseline); must not evoke divine lordship. Interpretive ambiguity (individual vs. personified congregation) requires a translator note at first occurrence. |
| Elect / chosen | ἐκλεκτή, ἐκλεκτῆς / eklektē | ਚੁਣੀ ਹੋਈ | Medium | (adjectival use of election doctrine) | vv.1, 13 | Shares theological root with the baseline election doctrine (ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ); must read as God’s sovereign choice, never impersonal fate (ਕਿਸਮਤ, already rejected). |
| World | κόσμος / kosmos | ਸੰਸਾਰ / ਦੁਨੀਆਂ | Medium | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | v.7 | Biblical κόσμος is a real, morally accountable arena, not primarily an illusion; must not import a maya-adjacent devaluation of the created order found in Hindu/Sikh frameworks. |
| Abide / remain | μένω / menō | ਕਾਇਮ ਰਹਿਣਾ / ਟਿਕੇ ਰਹਿਣਾ | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | vv.2, 9 | Must avoid resonance with ਸਹਿਜ (Sikh meditative equipoise, already flagged under the baseline peace entry) or ਸਿਦਕ (Sufi-idiom steadfastness, rejected for faith); this is steadfast adherence to a specific apostolic teaching, not an inward meditative attainment. |
| Have (relational possession) | ἔχω / echō | ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧ ਹੋਣਾ / ਕੋਲ ਹੋਣਾ | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | v.9 | ”Has God,” “has the Father and Son” describes relational union, secured or forfeited by fidelity to Christ’s teaching — must not flatten into transactional ownership language. |
| Lose / forfeit | ἀπόλλυμι / apollymi | ਗੁਆਉਣਾ | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | v.8 | Warns that doctrinal compromise can forfeit the fruit of prior faithful labor; assurance is tied to continued perseverance in truth. |
| Reward | μισθός / misthos | ਇਨਾਮ | Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | v.8 | Avoid ਫਲ (“fruit”), which readily evokes Hindu/Sikh karma-phal (impersonal accumulating cause-effect); ਇਨਾਮ preserves a relational, promise-based sense consistent with the baseline’s grace framing. |
| Evil works | ἔργα πονηρά / erga ponēra | ਬੁਰੇ ਕੰਮ | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | v.11 | Use ਕੰਮ (“deeds”), not ਕਰਮ, to avoid importing an impersonal karmic-ledger doctrine; these are wrongful acts assessed by a personal God. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | ਰਹਮ | Medium | (Trinitarian greeting triad) | v.3 | New term absent from the Romans baseline; must be kept distinct from ਕਿਰਪਾ (grace): mercy addresses distress/need, grace addresses guilt/merit — do not collapse the two. |
| Know / known | γινώσκω / ginōskō | ਜਾਣਦੇ ਹਨ | Medium | (implicit anti-Gnostic polemic) | v.1 | Relational, community-wide knowledge of truth, quietly countering any proto-Gnostic claim to exclusive esoteric knowledge later opposed in vv.7–11. |
| Children (spiritual/congregational sense) | τέκνα / tekna | ਬੱਚੇ / ਸੰਤਾਨ | Medium | (congregational address) | vv.1, 4, 13 | Likely refers to congregation members, not exclusively biological children; the “children of God” resonance from wider Johannine theology should remain recoverable from context. |
Section E — New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum (Low Risk)
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rejoice / greeting-root | χαίρω / chairō | ਖੁਸ਼ ਹੋਇਆ | Low | v.4 | Root shared with the withheld greeting formula of vv.10–11; standard usage here. |
| Watch yourselves | βλέπετε ἑαυτούς | ਖ਼ਬਰਦਾਰ ਰਹੋ | Low | v.8 | Standard exhortation to vigilance. |
| Worked for | ἐργάζομαι | ਕੰਮ ਕੀਤਾ | Low | v.8 | Standard usage; no significant doctrinal risk. |
| Full / complete | πλήρης | ਪੂਰਾ | Low | v.8 | Standard usage. |
| Bring (teaching) | φέρω | ਲਿਆਉਣਾ | Low | v.10 | Standard usage. |
| House | οἰκία | ਘਰ | Low | v.10 | Standard usage. |
| Hope | ἐλπίζω | ਆਸ ਰੱਖਣਾ | Low | v.12 | Standard epistolary usage. |
| Face to face (idiom) | στόμα πρὸς στόμα | ਆਹਮੋ-ਸਾਹਮਣੇ | Low | v.12 | Idiom-handling note: must not be literally transliterated as “mouth to mouth.” |
| Joy fulfilled | χαρὰ πεπληρωμένη | ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਪੂਰੀ ਹੋਵੇ | Low | v.12 | Standard usage. |
| Sister | ἀδελφή | ਭੈਣ | Low | v.13 | Same interpretive-ambiguity note as κυρία applies if the personification reading is adopted for “elect sister.” |
| Beginning | ἀρχή | ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਤੋਂ | Low-Medium | v.5, v.6 | Anchors the love-command in earliest apostolic teaching, supporting Doctrine 4. |
| One another | ἀλλήλους | ਇੱਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਨੂੰ | Low | v.5 | Standard reciprocal-pronoun usage. |
| Heard | ἀκούω | ਸੁਣਿਆ | Low | v.6 | Standard usage. |
| Ask/request | ἐρωτάω | ਬੇਨਤੀ ਕਰਨਾ | Low | v.5 | Standard pastoral-appeal usage. |
| Forever | εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα | ਸਦਾ ਲਈ | Low | v.2 | Standard usage. |
Summary Statistics
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms (this curriculum) | Count of Reused Baseline Terms |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 | 6 |
| High | 9 | 2 |
| Medium | 12 | 2 |
| Low | 14 | 1 (Holy Spirit, contextual) |
Total unique terms analyzed across 2 John (whole book, vv.1–13): 49
All Critical- and High-risk new terms above must be added to an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions) before Phase 2 segment translation begins, and must be routed to human theologian review per the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json conventions. Medium-risk terms route to native speaker review; Low-risk terms require automated review only.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no changes). In 2 John 1:9, the forensic claim ‘does not have God’ (ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ ਉਸ ਕੋਲ) must retain its relational force in Punjabi, not soften into a vague spiritual-distance idea.
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Consistent rendering required across 2 John 1:3 (co-source of grace/mercy/peace), 1:4 (source of the commandment), and 1:9 (test of relationship).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Puttar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਦੇਵ-ਪੁਰਸ਼
Original: υἱός (τοῦ πατρός)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (base form). See new entry ‘son_of_the_father’ below for the 2 John-specific compound title in 1:3; both must be read as the same eternal, co-equal Sonship, never a lesser or separate category.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਈਸਾ (Islamic Shahmukhi-context Christology). 2 John 1:7’s confession concerns this same name.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Root of the new Critical compound ਮਸੀਹ-ਵਿਰੋਧੀ (antichrist, see below); also present in ਮਸੀਹ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (the teaching of Christ, 1:9).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ
Transliteration: dehdharan
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ਅਵਤਾਰ
Original: ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί (theological name: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package as the doctrine-summary label. Never ਅਵਤਾਰ. 2 John 1:7 is the single highest-stakes occurrence of this doctrine in the two-curriculum corpus; see new entry ‘coming_in_the_flesh’ below for the verse-level confessional phrase and the mandatory theological bridge requirement.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Not textually named in 2 John but doctrinally adjacent to the Trinitarian statements of 1:3 and 1:9; carried forward for cross-curriculum Trinitarian consistency.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Inherited from Romans package. Retained here only for cross-reference caution: 2 John’s κυρία (‘lady,’ addressed to the letter’s recipient, rendered ਬੀਬੀ — see new entry ‘lady’ below) shares a Greek root with κύριος/ਪ੍ਰਭੂ. Translators must ensure no reader hears an echo of Christ’s exclusive divine Lordship in the human address ਬੀਬੀ.
Coming In The Flesh
Approved rendering: ਸਰੀਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ
Transliteration: sarir vich aaya
Doctrine: Incarnation; Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ਅਵਤਾਰ ਲਿਆ, ਅਵਤਾਰ ਧਾਰਿਆ
Original: ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
NEW. The letter’s central doctrinal flashpoint (2 John 1:7): denial of Christ’s real, physical humanity is equated with antichrist teaching. Faces the baseline’s documented double audience risk — Hindu-heritage readers may hear avatar-descent; Sikh-heritage readers may hear a violation of Waheguru’s revealed formlessness (ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰ), since Guru Nanak explicitly taught against divine embodiment. Requires the baseline’s mandatory theological bridge note (unique, once-for-all divine self-disclosure, not avatar-descent, not a violation of divine formlessness) at EVERY occurrence, not vocabulary control alone. Use ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ for doctrine-summary/header contexts; use this verse-level phrase for the spoken confessional wording of 1:7 itself.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ-ਵਿਰੋਧੀ
Transliteration: Masih-virodhi
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ਝੂਠਾ ਗੁਰੂ, ਝੂਠਾ ਨਬੀ, ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਮਸੀਹਾ, ਐਂਟੀਕ੍ਰਾਈਸਟ (transliteration)
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW built compound (ਮਸੀਹ + ਵਿਰੋਧੀ). No pre-existing Punjabi Christian, Sikh, or Hindu vocabulary item names this concept; it had to be constructed rather than substituted. Must be rendered as direct, categorical opposition to the one true Christ (2 John 1:7), NOT as one rival prophet, guru, or teacher figure among several claiming ultimate religious authority in Punjab’s religiously plural context — a reading that would flatten a unique theological category into ordinary interfaith rivalry.
Son Of The Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Pita da Puttar
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਸੇਵਕ, ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਨਬੀ
Original: τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ πατρός
Category: Christology
NEW compound Christological title unique to 2 John 1:3 within this two-curriculum corpus, naming Christ as co-source, with the Father, of grace, mercy, and peace — a direct assertion of Christ’s deity that must not be softened into merely honorific, adoptive, or guru-successor sonship. Because Phase 2 translation memory matching could pattern-match this to the simpler baseline ‘son_of_god’ entry, this exact compound must be escalated for theologian review every time it appears.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace / The Grace, Mercy, and Peace Triad
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 John 1:3 must be kept theologically distinct from the new term ਰਹਮ (mercy, see below): grace addresses guilt/merit, mercy addresses distress/need. Do not collapse the triad’s three terms into one undifferentiated kindness concept.
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling / Election
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Inherited from Romans package (abstract-noun doctrine form). 2 John 1:1 and 1:13 use the adjectival form ਚੁਣੀ ਹੋਈ (‘elect,’ applied to a person) — see new entry ‘elect’ below, which shares this term’s theological root and its exclusion of ਕਿਸਮਤ (impersonal fate) but is tracked separately because it modifies a person, not an abstract doctrine.
Truth
Approved rendering: ਸਚਾਈ
Transliteration: satchai
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: ਸਤਿ
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW. Sikh scripture centers on ਸਤਿ (Sat) as a core divine attribute (Waheguru as Satnam; Mool Mantar opens ੴ ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ). ਸਚਾਈ is the safer everyday Punjabi word, but every load-bearing occurrence (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4) must anchor ‘truth’ to the specific content of apostolic teaching about Christ, not leave it as an undefined virtue a Sikh-background reader could assimilate to divine Sat.
Love
Approved rendering: ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: pyar
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love; The Commandment to Love One Another
Rejected alternatives: ਪ੍ਰੇਮ
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
NEW discrete lexical entry (root shared with baseline gospel/grace context only conceptually, not textually reused from Romans). The devotional alternative ਪ੍ਰੇਮ carries strong bhakti resonance (prem-bhagti, devotional love cultivated toward a Guru or the divine through meditative practice). Because 2 John 1:6 explicitly DEFINES love as walking according to Christ’s commandments, every occurrence must make that behavioral, commandment-linked content explicit rather than resting on ਪ੍ਰੇਮ’s inward-feeling connotation alone.
Commandment
Approved rendering: ਆਗਿਆ
Transliteration: agya
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
Rejected alternatives: ਹੁਕਮ
Original: ἐντολή / ἐντολαί
Category: Faith
NEW. The natural Punjabi word for ‘command,’ ਹੁਕਮ, is reserved in the baseline for Waheguru’s specific liturgical Divine Order (Hukam/Hukamnama) and is explicitly too liturgically specific to substitute for Christian doctrinal concepts. ਆਗਿਆ is selected instead, consistent with the baseline’s own root ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ (used for Romans’ obedience_of_faith). Used at 2 John 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 (x2).
Deceivers
Approved rendering: ਭਰਮਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ
Transliteration: bharmaun vaale
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ਝੂਠੇ
Original: πλάνοι
Category: False Teaching
NEW. Must not be rendered with a plain word for ‘liar’ (ਝੂਠੇ), which would lose the doctrinal-error-specific sense (2 John 1:7). ਭਰਮ shares a root with South Asian philosophical illusion-concepts (maya/bhram); this positive point of contact (real deception is occurring) must not be extended to suggest a metaphysical illusion rather than a correctable doctrinal error.
Confess
Approved rendering: ਮੰਨਣਾ / ਇਕਰਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: mannana / ikrar karna
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Christology
NEW. Must convey public, doctrinal affirmation before a community (2 John 1:7), not mere inward private belief. Parallel in theological weight to the Romans 10:9 confession pattern (ਯਿਸੂ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਹੈ); consistency across the curriculum corpus is required.
Teaching Of Christ
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ
Transliteration: Masih di sikhya
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਉਪਦੇਸ਼, ਹਿਦਾਇਤ, ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (without modifier)
Original: διδαχή (τοῦ Χριστοῦ)
Category: Perseverance
NEW. ਸਿੱਖਿਆ is etymologically and culturally close to the self-designation ‘Sikh’ (a learner/disciple of the Guru’s teaching), risking that ‘the teaching of Christ’ (2 John 1:9) is heard as one teaching-tradition among several gurus’ teachings to be synthesized or supplemented. The modifier ‘ਮਸੀਹ ਦੀ’ must NEVER be dropped, and a closed-and-complete framing clause is required at first load-bearing occurrence.
Receive Into House
Approved rendering: ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੈਣਾ
Transliteration: ghar vich laina
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨਾ, ਲੰਗਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਕਰਨਾ
Original: λαμβάνετε (εἰς οἰκίαν)
Category: Hospitality
NEW. Carries the full ancient social force of hospitality as public doctrinal endorsement (2 John 1:10), not mere etiquette. Punjab’s strong cultural hospitality norms (Sikh langar/seva traditions of welcoming all) make this instruction culturally counter-intuitive; ਸੇਵਾ/ਲੰਗਰ vocabulary must never be invoked near this instruction.
Give Greeting
Approved rendering: ਸਲਾਮ/ਨਮਸਕਾਰ ਨਾ ਆਖਣਾ
Transliteration: salam/namaskar na akhna
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਨਾ ਆਖਣਾ
Original: χαίρειν … μὴ λέγετε
Category: Hospitality
NEW. Punjabi greeting culture carries religiously-marked forms (notably the specifically Sikh greeting ‘ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ,’ built on ਸਤਿ). Must use a religiously neutral greeting term (ਸਲਾਮ/ਨਮਸਕਾਰ) and frame the withheld greeting (2 John 1:10-11) as principled doctrinal non-endorsement, not personal discourtesy.
Partake In Evil Works
Approved rendering: ਸਾਂਝੀ ਬਣਨਾ / ਹਿੱਸੇਦਾਰ ਬਣਨਾ
Transliteration: sanjhi banna / hissedar banna
Doctrine: Complicity in False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ਸੰਗਤ ਕਰਨਾ, ਸੰਗਤ ਬਣਨਾ
Original: κοινωνεῖ (τοῖς ἔργοις … τοῖς πονηροῖς)
Category: Hospitality
NEW. Shares its root with the positive fellowship term ਸੰਗਤ, which is documented as a uniquely warm, natural-fit bridge word in Punjabi religious culture. This occurrence (2 John 1:11) is the negative sense — partnership in EVIL — and must NEVER be rendered with ਸੰਗਤ, which would wrongly import that warm communal resonance. The single place in this curriculum where the fellowship-root must be deliberately de-warmed.
Goes On Ahead
Approved rendering: ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧ ਜਾਣਾ
Transliteration: agge vadh jana
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: προάγων
Category: Perseverance
NEW. The false teachers frame doctrinal departure (2 John 1:9) as spiritual ‘progress,’ which maps uneasily onto South Asian frameworks that value advancing stages of realization under a teacher’s guidance. Must be rendered so ‘going ahead’ is unmistakably a negative departure/apostasy, never admirable spiritual maturation; requires an explicit negative-framing clause at first occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God / The Grace, Mercy, and Peace Triad
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Completes the grace/mercy/peace triad in 2 John 1:3, sourced jointly from the Father and the Son.
Walk
Approved rendering: ਚੱਲਣਾ
Transliteration: challna
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Faith
NEW. Central conduct/lifestyle metaphor (2 John 1:4, 1:6 x2); must be understood figuratively, not literal ambulation. Doctrine-title term requiring consistent rendering throughout the curriculum.
Elder
Approved rendering: ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ
Transliteration: bazurg
Doctrine: Apostolic Pastoral Authority (the Elder)
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਸੰਤ, ਬਾਬਾ
Original: ὁ πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW. Author’s self-designation (2 John 1:1). Everyday Punjabi usage reads ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ as simply ‘an elderly/respected person’; a contextual note identifying an early-church leadership title is required at first occurrence, distinct from generic age-based respect and from Sikh baba/sant community-elder authority figures. NEVER ਗੁਰੂ.
Lady
Approved rendering: ਬੀਬੀ
Transliteration: bibi
Doctrine: Election (Elect Lady and Elect Sister)
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਤੀ
Original: κυρία
Category: Church
NEW. Honorific address to the letter’s recipient (2 John 1:1, 1:5), possibly an individual woman of standing or a personification of a local congregation. Shares a root with κύριος/ਪ੍ਰਭੂ (‘Lord’); ensure no reader hears an echo of divine lordship. Mandatory translator note on the individual-vs-congregation interpretive ambiguity required at first occurrence.
Elect
Approved rendering: ਚੁਣੀ ਹੋਈ
Transliteration: chuni hoi
Doctrine: Election
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ ਵਾਲੀ
Original: ἐκλεκτή / ἐκλεκτῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW (adjectival form; see baseline-inherited entry ‘election’ above for the abstract-noun form). Applied to the addressee (2 John 1:1) and her ‘elect sister’ (1:13). Must read as God’s sovereign, personal choice, never impersonal fate (ਕਿਸਮਤ, already rejected in the baseline).
World
Approved rendering: ਸੰਸਾਰ / ਦੁਨੀਆਂ
Transliteration: sansaar / duniya
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਇਆ
Original: κόσμος
Category: False Teaching
NEW. The real, created human sphere into which deceivers have gone out (2 John 1:7). In Hindu and Sikh frameworks, aspects of the physical/social world can be framed as ਮਾਇਆ (illusion/attachment); biblical κόσμος is a real, morally accountable arena, not primarily an illusion.
Abide
Approved rendering: ਕਾਇਮ ਰਹਿਣਾ / ਟਿਕੇ ਰਹਿਣਾ
Transliteration: kaim rehna / tike rehna
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ; The Eternal, Abiding Nature of Truth
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਹਿਣਾ, ਸਿਦਕ ਰੱਖਣਾ
Original: μένω
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Continuing steadfastly in truth (2 John 1:2) and in Christ’s teaching (1:9). Must avoid resonance with ਸਹਿਜ (Sikh meditative equipoise, already flagged under the baseline peace entry) or ਸਿਦਕ (Sufi-idiom steadfastness, rejected for baseline faith).
Have Relational
Approved rendering: ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧ ਹੋਣਾ / ਕੋਲ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: naal sambandh hona / kol hona
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ; Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ἔχω
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Relational possession/union with God (2 John 1:9: ‘has God,’ ‘has the Father and the Son’), secured or forfeited by fidelity to Christ’s teaching. A literal ‘have/own’ gloss risks flattening into transactional possession language.
Lose Forfeit
Approved rendering: ਗੁਆਉਣਾ
Transliteration: guauna
Doctrine: Assurance and Reward for Perseverance
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Forfeiting a reward already gained through prior faithful labor, through doctrinal compromise (2 John 1:8). Assurance is tied to continued perseverance in truth, not automatic.
Reward
Approved rendering: ਇਨਾਮ
Transliteration: inaam
Doctrine: Assurance and Reward for Perseverance
Rejected alternatives: ਫਲ
Original: μισθός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Avoid ਫਲ (‘fruit’), which in Hindu/Sikh-influenced Punjabi usage readily evokes karma-phal, an impersonal cause-effect accounting. ਇਨਾਮ preserves a relational, promise-based sense consistent with the baseline’s grace framing (2 John 1:8).
Evil Works
Approved rendering: ਬੁਰੇ ਕੰਮ
Transliteration: bure kam
Doctrine: Complicity in False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ਬੁਰੇ ਕਰਮ
Original: τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς πονηροῖς
Category: False Teaching
NEW. Use ਕੰਮ (‘deeds’), not ਕਰਮ, to avoid importing the Hindu/Sikh doctrine of karma as an impersonal accumulating moral ledger (2 John 1:11); these are wrongful acts assessed by a personal God.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ਰਹਮ
Transliteration: raham
Doctrine: The Grace, Mercy, and Peace Triad
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਰਪਾ (would collapse into grace), ਦਯਾ
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW term absent from the Romans baseline. Must be kept distinct from ਕਿਰਪਾ (grace): mercy addresses distress/need, grace addresses guilt/merit (2 John 1:3). Do not collapse the two into a single undifferentiated kindness term.
Know
Approved rendering: ਜਾਣਦੇ ਹਨ
Transliteration: jaande han
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: γινώσκω (ἐγνωκότες)
Category: Faith
NEW. Relational/experiential knowledge of the truth shared by the whole believing community (2 John 1:1), quietly countering any proto-Gnostic claim to exclusive esoteric knowledge later opposed in vv.7-11.
Children
Approved rendering: ਬੱਚੇ / ਸੰਤਾਨ
Transliteration: bache / santaan
Doctrine: Familial Language for Believers
Original: τέκνα
Category: Church
NEW. Likely refers to members of a congregation under pastoral care (2 John 1:1, 1:4, 1:13), not exclusively biological children; the ‘children of God’ resonance from wider Johannine theology should remain recoverable from context.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship (Positive Sense)
Rejected alternatives: ਦੋਸਤੀ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, POSITIVE SENSE ONLY. In 2 John this term must be reserved exclusively for genuine fellowship contexts (1:1, 1:4, 1:5, 1:13 congregational/familial warmth). NEVER use for 2 John 1:11’s negative κοινωνέω (‘takes part in his evil works’) — see new entry ‘partake_in_evil_works’ below, which must use a deliberately de-warmed construction instead.
Rejoice
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: khush hoya
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Relational Joy
Original: χαίρω
Category: Faith
NEW. The elder’s pastoral joy at hearing of faithful conduct (2 John 1:4); root shared with the greeting formula deliberately withheld in vv.10-11.
Watch Yourselves
Approved rendering: ਖ਼ਬਰਦਾਰ ਰਹੋ
Transliteration: khabardar raho
Doctrine: Assurance and Reward for Perseverance
Original: βλέπετε ἑαυτούς
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Direct pastoral call to self-vigilance (2 John 1:8); each believer’s own responsibility, not merely the elder’s.
Worked For
Approved rendering: ਕੰਮ ਕੀਤਾ
Transliteration: kam kita
Doctrine: Assurance and Reward for Perseverance
Original: εἰργασάμεθα
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Standard usage; the elder’s/apostles’ pastoral labor invested in the congregation (2 John 1:8).
Full Complete
Approved rendering: ਪੂਰਾ
Transliteration: poora
Doctrine: Assurance and Reward for Perseverance
Original: πλήρης
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Completeness of the promised reward, without loss (2 John 1:8).
Bring
Approved rendering: ਲਿਆਉਣਾ
Transliteration: liauna
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: φέρω
Category: Hospitality
NEW. An itinerant teacher carrying a body of doctrine with him as his credential (2 John 1:10).
House
Approved rendering: ਘਰ
Transliteration: ghar
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: οἰκία
Category: Hospitality
NEW. A physical dwelling and, by extension, a household-based house-church, the setting of the hospitality instruction (2 John 1:10).
Hope
Approved rendering: ਆਸ ਰੱਖਣਾ
Transliteration: aas rakhna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Relational Joy
Original: ἐλπίζω
Category: Faith
NEW. Confident Christian expectation regarding the elder’s travel plans (2 John 1:12).
Face To Face
Approved rendering: ਆਹਮੋ-ਸਾਹਮਣੇ
Transliteration: aahmo-saahmne
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Relational Joy
Rejected alternatives: ਮੂੰਹ ਤੋਂ ਮੂੰਹ (literal, rejected)
Original: στόμα πρὸς στόμα
Category: Epistolary
NEW. Idiom-handling: must not be literally rendered ‘mouth to mouth’ (στόμα πρὸς στόμα, 2 John 1:12), which would read oddly or indecorously in Punjabi.
Joy Fulfilled
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਪੂਰੀ ਹੋਵੇ
Transliteration: khushi puri hove
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Relational Joy
Original: ἡ χαρὰ πεπληρωμένη
Category: Epistolary
NEW. Joy brought to its complete, intended measure through personal pastoral relationship (2 John 1:12).
Sister
Approved rendering: ਭੈਣ
Transliteration: bhain
Doctrine: Familial Language for Believers; Election
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
NEW. The addressee’s ‘elect sister’ (2 John 1:13), paralleling ‘elect lady’ (1:1); same interpretive-ambiguity note as κυρία applies if the personification reading is adopted.
Beginning
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਤੋਂ
Transliteration: shuru ton
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
Original: ἀρχή
Category: Faith
NEW. Anchors the love-command in the earliest apostolic teaching, not later development (2 John 1:5, 1:6); supports Perseverance doctrine.
One Another
Approved rendering: ਇੱਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਨੂੰ
Transliteration: ikk dooje nu
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
Original: ἀλλήλους
Category: Church
NEW. Standard reciprocal-pronoun usage (2 John 1:5).
Heard
Approved rendering: ਸੁਣਿਆ
Transliteration: suniya
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: ἀκούω
Category: Faith
NEW. Receiving apostolic teaching by report/proclamation from the beginning (2 John 1:6); continuity of transmitted doctrine resumed at 1:9’s διδαχή.
Ask Request
Approved rendering: ਬੇਨਤੀ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: benati karna
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
Original: ἐρωτάω
Category: Epistolary
NEW. The elder’s pastoral appeal rather than a legal demand (2 John 1:5).
Forever
Approved rendering: ਸਦਾ ਲਈ
Transliteration: sada layi
Doctrine: The Eternal, Abiding Nature of Truth
Original: εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
Category: Perseverance
NEW. The eternal duration of the truth abiding in believers (2 John 1:2), contrasted with the false teachers’ claimed ‘progress’ (1:9).
Referenced passages