Core Glossary
Acts — Core Glossary (Punjabi)
Curriculum: Acts 1–28
Destination language: Punjabi (Gurmukhi script)
Authority: This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Table A terms are already recorded in that baseline and MUST be reused exactly, without modification. Table B terms are newly identified for the Acts curriculum and are proposed here for addition to translation memory (pending Phase 1 Step 8/Phase 2 sign-off), following the same risk-tier methodology.
Table A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Enforce Without Modification)
| English Term | Punjabi Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine Link | Prominent in Acts Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Critical | Deity | 1–28 (throughout) |
| Jesus | ਯਿਸੂ | Critical | Christology | 1–28 (throughout) |
| Holy Spirit | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Critical | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 1–2, 4–5, 7–11, 13, 15–16, 19 |
| Lord | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 2, 4, 9–10, 16 |
| Messiah/Christ | ਮਸੀਹ | Critical | Messianic Promise | 2–3, 5, 8–9, 11, 13, 17–18, 26 |
| Son of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 9, 13 |
| Resurrection | ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | Critical | Resurrection | 1–2, 4, 13, 17, 23–24, 26 |
| Salvation | ਮੁਕਤੀ (mandatory mukti-gloss on every load-bearing occurrence) | Critical | Salvation | 2, 4, 11, 13, 16, 27 (caution: everyday sense) |
| Righteousness | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ | Critical | Justification apart from the Law | 3, 13, 24 |
| Justification | ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ | Critical | Justification apart from the Law | 13 |
| Apostle | ਰਸੂਲ | High | Apostolic Authority | 1–2, 4–6, 8–9, 11, 14–16 |
| Called/Calling | ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ / ਸੱਦਾ | High | Divine Calling | 2, 9, 13, 16 |
| Faith | ਨਿਹਚਾ | High | Faith | 3, 6, 13–14, 16, 20, 24, 26 |
| Grace | ਕਿਰਪਾ | High | Grace | 4, 6, 11, 13–15, 18, 20 |
| Holy | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ | High | Sanctification | 3, throughout |
| Saints | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ | High | Sainthood | 9 |
| Sanctification | ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ | High | Sanctification | 20, 26 |
| Adoption | ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ | High | Adoption | (thematic — family-of-God, ch. 9) |
| Law | ਬਿਵਸਥਾ | High | Justification apart from the Law | 6–7, 13, 15, 21, 23 |
| Sin | ਪਾਪ | High | Universal Accountability | 2–3, 5, 7 |
| Obedience of Faith | ਨਿਹਚਾ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ | High | Obedience of Faith | 6 |
| Power of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ | High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 1–2, 4, 6, 10 |
| Glory | ਮਹਿਮਾ | High | Deity of Christ | 7 (Stephen sees God’s glory), 12 |
| Covenant | ਨੇਮ | High | Davidic/Abrahamic Covenant | 2–3, 7, 13, 15 |
| Election | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ | High | Conversion of Paul | 9 |
| Providence | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ | High | Providence | 12, 27 |
| Seed of David | ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ | High | Davidic Covenant | 2, 13 |
| Gospel | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ | High | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 8, 13–15, 20 |
| Gentiles | ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ | Medium | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 10–11, 13–15, 21, 28 |
| Peace | ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ | Medium | Peace with God | 9–10 |
| Kingdom of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ | Medium | Great Commission Fulfilled | 1, 8, 14, 19–20, 28 |
| Church | ਮੰਡਲੀ | Medium | The Church as Community | 2, 5, 8–9, 11–15, 20 |
| Mission | ਪਰਚਾਰ | Medium | Great Commission Fulfilled | 1, 8, 13–14, 20 |
| Spiritual Gifts | ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤਾਂ | Medium | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2, 8 |
| David | ਦਾਊਦ | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 2, 4, 13, 15 |
| Israel | ਇਸਰਾਏਲ | Medium | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 1–5, 7, 10, 13, 26, 28 |
| Fellowship | ਸੰਗਤ | Low | The Church as Community | 2, 4, 11 |
| Prophet | ਨਬੀ | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 2–3, 7, 10, 13, 15, 21, 26, 28 |
| Prophecy | ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 2, 21 |
| Thanksgiving | ਧੰਨਵਾਦ | Low | Thanksgiving | 27–28 |
Table B — New Terms Introduced by the Acts Curriculum
| Greek Term (translit.) | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Grounded Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Πεντηκοστή (Pentēkostē) | ਪੰਤੇਕੁਸਤ | Medium | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2 | Established transliterated proper noun; no competing religious association in Punjab, but requires an explanatory gloss (Jewish harvest/covenant feast) for reader clarity. |
| πνοή (pnoē, wind/breath) | ਹਵਾ ਦਾ ਤੇਜ਼ ਵਹਾਅ | Low | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2 | Descriptive natural-phenomenon language; avoid suggesting an impersonal cosmic “breath/prana” force distinct from the personal Holy Spirit. |
| γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός (glōssai hōsei pyros, tongues of fire) | ਅੱਗ ਵਰਗੀਆਂ ਜੀਭਾਂ | Medium | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2 | Must not suggest a self-generated inner spiritual “fire” attainable through meditative discipline; this is God’s sovereign gift, not an achieved inner state. |
| πλησθέντες πνεύματος ἁγίου (filled with the Holy Spirit) | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਨਾਲ ਭਰ ਗਏ | High | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2 | Must convey personal indwelling empowerment, distinct from trance/possession phenomena and from the Sikh doctrine of ਜੋਤ (sequential divine-light transmission through the Ten Gurus). |
| γλῶσσαι (glōssai, other tongues) | ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ | Medium | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 2, 19 | Must be clear these are real human languages understood by hearers, not private ecstatic utterance. |
| σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα (signs and wonders) | ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਅਚਰਜ ਕੰਮ | High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 2, 4–6, 8, 14–15 | NEVER ਕਰਾਮਾਤ (Sufi pir-miracle association) or ਸ਼ਕਤੀ; these are God’s authenticating acts, not the apostles’ acquired spiritual power or attained siddhi. |
| πρόγνωσις/βουλή (foreknowledge/plan) | ਅਗੰਮੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਯੋਜਨਾ | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Providence | 2 | Never ਕਿਸਮਤ (impersonal fate) — reinforces baseline providence/election cautions exactly. |
| ᾍδης (Hadēs) | ਪਤਾਲ | Medium | Resurrection | 2 | Must not imply a reincarnation-bound intermediate state; distinguish from cyclical afterlife frameworks. |
| ὅσιος (Holy One, Christological title) | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪੁਰਖ | High | Deity of Christ; Resurrection | 2 | A Christological title tied to Christ’s unique incorruptible resurrection body, not a generic “holy person” designation. |
| ἀρχηγός (Author/Founder of life) | ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਸੋਮਾ ਅਤੇ ਆਗੂ | High | Deity of Christ | 3 | Must not be softened into a revered founder-figure among founders (parallel to baseline’s ਗੁਰੂ caution for apostle); Christ is the divine source of life itself. |
| παῖς (Servant, of Jesus) | ਸੇਵਕ | High | Justification apart from the Law; Christology | 3–4 | A specific Isaianic-fulfillment title, not to be flattened into the generic Sikh concept of ਸੇਵਾ (selfless service). |
| ἀποκατάστασις (restoration of all things) | ਸਭ ਕੁਝ ਦੀ ਬਹਾਲੀ | High | The Great Commission Fulfilled | 3 | Must be a single future consummation, never assimilated to Hindu yuga-cycle renewal or any cyclical cosmology. |
| ἐπικαλέομαι τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου (call on the name of the Lord) | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਲੈਣਾ | Critical | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Repentance and Baptism | 2, 4, 9, 22 | Mandatory clarifying gloss required distinguishing this decisive, one-time confession of faith in the risen Jesus from Sikh Naam-simran (repeated meditation on the Divine Name as a means of gradual liberation). |
| μάρτυς (witness) | ਗਵਾਹ | High | Persecution and Bold Witness | 1–2, 4, 22, 26 | Legal-evidentiary, historically-rooted eyewitness testimony to the bodily-risen Christ; not devotional storytelling. |
| μάρτυς extended to “martyr” (witness unto death) | ਸ਼ਹੀਦ (paired with ਗਵਾਹ) | High | Persecution and Bold Witness | 7 | Must be explicitly distinguished from the Sikh ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ (martyrdom) tradition’s association with righteous armed struggle (ਧਰਮ ਯੁੱਧ) and communal-political resistance; Christian martyrdom here is suffering witness entrusted wholly to God’s sovereignty, without resistance. |
| μετάνοια/μετανοέω (repentance/repent) | ਤੋਬਾ | High | Repentance and Baptism | 2–3, 8, 11, 17, 19–20, 26 | A shared Perso-Arabic-origin term across Punjabi Islamic/Sufi usage; must be anchored to its specific gospel content (turning toward the risen Lord Jesus), not left as generic religious remorse. |
| βάπτισμα/βαπτίζω (baptism/baptize) | ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ | High | Repentance and Baptism | 2, 8–10, 16, 18–19, 22 | Must be framed as a sign/seal of salvation already received through faith, not a merit-conferring rite, and not theologically parallel to the Sikh Amrit Sanchar initiation ceremony despite surface resemblance as a decisive identity-marking rite. |
| ἄφεσις τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν (forgiveness of sins) | ਪਾਪਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਾਫ਼ੀ | High | Repentance and Baptism | 2, 5, 10, 13, 26 | Distinct from, and narrower than, baseline justification (ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ); the two concepts must not be collapsed into each other. Not a mechanical ritual absolution. |
| δωρεὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος (gift of the Holy Spirit) | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਦਾਤ | High | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Grace | 2, 8, 10 | An unearned, unpurchasable gift (cf. Simon Magus, ch. 8), not an attainment through meditative discipline or ritual merit. |
| ψυχαί (souls, in the everyday “persons” sense) | ਜਾਨਾਂ | Medium | Repentance and Baptism | 2, 27 | Prefer ਜਾਨ/ਵਿਅਕਤੀ over ਆਤਮਾ for “human soul/person” to avoid blurring with the Spirit-related use of ਆਤਮਾ elsewhere in the glossary. |
| ἡμέρα κυρίου (day of the Lord) | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 2 | Requires OT eschatological background explanation. |
| ἔσχαται ἡμέραι (last days) | ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਦਿਨ | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 2 | Must be an inaugurated, linear “already/not yet” era, not conflated with yuga-cycle cosmology or ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. |
| ἔσχατον τῆς γῆς (ends of the earth) | ਧਰਤੀ ਦੇ ਹੱਦਾਂ ਤੱਕ | Medium | The Great Commission Fulfilled | 1 | Programmatic Acts 1:8 phrase; must convey total geographic and ethnic universality. |
| ἀνάλημψις (ascension) | ਸਵਰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਠਾਏ ਜਾਣਾ | Medium | Deity of Christ | 1 | Bodily, historical, once-for-all ascension, not dissolution into a formless divine principle (relevant to Sikh ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰ theology). |
| κοινωνία’s communal expression: κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου (breaking of bread) | ਰੋਟੀ ਤੋੜਨਾ | Medium | The Church as Community | 2, 20, 27 | A literal communal meal with beginning sacramental resonance; note positive but non-identical resemblance to Sikh langar. |
| ἅπαντα κοινά (all things in common) | ਸਭ ਕੁਝ ਸਾਂਝਾ | Low–Medium (Opportunity) | The Church as Community | 2, 4 | Positive resonance with Punjabi communal-sharing culture and Sikh langar ethic; ensure read as voluntary grace-motivated generosity, not obligatory redistribution. |
| διακονία (ministry/service) | ਸੇਵਾ | Medium (Opportunity with caution) | The Church as Community | 6 | Genuine positive bridge to the Sikh concept of ਸੇਵਾ; caution to avoid an implied merit-generating framework. |
| παρρησία (boldness) | ਦਲੇਰੀ | Medium | Persecution and Bold Witness | 4, 9, 13–14, 19, 28 | Spirit-given courage to proclaim Christ, not human bravado or martial valor. |
| διωγμός (persecution) | ਸਤਾਹਟ | Medium | Persecution and Bold Witness | 8, 11–12 | Suffering endured in hope, not vengeful resistance. |
| Συνέδριον (Sanhedrin) | ਮਹਾਸਭਾ | Medium | Persecution and Bold Witness | 4–6, 22–23 | A specific historical Jewish council; not a generic religious “sabha” institution. |
| ἄγγελος (angel) | ਦੂਤ | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 1, 5, 8, 10, 12, 27 | Correct here (unlike its rejection for “apostle”); distinguish from Hindu ਦੇਵਤੇ (demigods) — angels are created, not divine. |
| ψεύδομαι τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (lie to the Holy Spirit) | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਨਾਲ ਝੂਠ ਬੋਲਣਾ | High | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 5 | Confirms the Spirit’s personhood; sin against the Spirit is sin against God directly. |
| εὐαγγελίζομαι (preach the gospel, verb) | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ ਸੁਣਾਉਣਾ | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 8, 13–15 | Inherits baseline gospel risk exactly. |
| μαγεία (sorcery/magic) | ਜਾਦੂ | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 8, 13, 19 | Real contrast-category in a culture where occult practice, amulets, and astrology are common; must remain clearly condemned. |
| γραφή (Scripture) | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ | High | Inspiration of Scripture | 8, 17–18 | Distinguish God-breathed Scripture, written by human authors under divine guidance, from the Sikh doctrine of the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal, living Guru. |
| ἡ ὁδός (the Way) | ਰਾਹ | High | The Great Commission Fulfilled; Lordship of Christ | 9, 18–19, 22, 24 | Must not be read within South Asia’s common “many equally valid paths” framework; requires an explicit theological bridge affirming this is the singular way of salvation. |
| ὅραμα/ὀπτασία (vision) | ਦਰਸ਼ਨ (retained with mandatory gloss) | High | Conversion of Paul; Apostolic Authority | 9–10, 16, 18, 26 | RETAINED per baseline ਮੁਕਤੀ-style precedent: must carry a clarifying gloss distinguishing a one-time sovereign divine disclosure from the Hindu/Sikh devotional darshan (beholding-and-being-blessed) framework. |
| ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν (laying on of hands) | ਹੱਥ ਰੱਖਣਾ | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 6, 9, 13, 19, 28 | Distinguish from folk-healing touch practices and from Sikh Amrit ceremony ritual acts. |
| σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς (chosen instrument/vessel) | ਚੁਣਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੰਦ | High | Conversion of Paul | 9 | Inherits baseline election risk exactly; never impersonal ਕਿਸਮਤ. |
| κοινός/ἀκάθαρτον vs. καθαρός (common/unclean vs. clean) | ਅਪਵਿੱਤਰ vs. ਸ਼ੁੱਧ | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 10, 15 | Touches Punjab’s own caste-linked purity/impurity discourse; note positive parallel with Sikh langar commensality alongside the caution. |
| φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν (God-fearer) | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਤੋਂ ਡਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ | Medium | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 10 | Historically specific first-century category; requires explanatory framing, no exact Punjabi social parallel. |
| προσωπολημψία (partiality) | ਪੱਖਪਾਤ | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Universal Accountability | 10 | Direct challenge to caste and communal favoritism, a live social reality in Punjab. |
| Χριστιανοί (Christians) | ਮਸੀਹੀ | Low | The Church as Community | 11, 26 | Well-established, natural Punjabi Christian self-designation. |
| περιτομή (circumcision) | ਸੁੰਨਤ | High | Justification apart from the Law | 15, 21 | Ritual identity marker that cannot be required for salvation; parallels baseline’s rejection of works-based righteousness. |
| ζυγός (yoke, of the law) | ਜੂਲਾ | Medium | Justification apart from the Law | 15 | Standard legalistic-burden metaphor, contrasted with grace. |
| δόγμα (apostolic decree) | ਰਸੂਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾ | Medium | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 15–16 | Deliberately avoid ਹੁਕਮ (reserved per baseline for the Sikh doctrine of Waheguru’s Divine Order). |
| ἔδοξεν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ (it seemed good to the Holy Spirit) | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਨੂੰ ਚੰਗਾ ਲੱਗਾ | High | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | 15 | Reinforces the Spirit’s personhood in the church’s corporate discernment, not an impersonal order submitted to. |
| πνεῦμα πύθωνα (spirit of divination) | ਭਵਿੱਖ ਬਤਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਭੂਤ-ਆਤਮਾ | High | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | 16 | Must be unambiguously identified as an evil, demonic power, categorically opposed to the Holy Spirit, given the prevalence of astrology/fortune-telling in Punjabi folk religion. |
| ἄγνωστος θεός (unknown god) | ਅਣਜਾਣ ਦੇਵਤਾ | Medium | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 17 | Paul’s rhetorical apologetic bridge, not a syncretistic concession; must be framed accordingly. |
| εἴδωλα (idols/idolatry) | ਮੂਰਤੀਆਂ | High | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | 14, 17, 19, 28 | Collision with Hindu image-worship (murti puja); note partial, non-total overlap with Sikh anti-idolatry stance. |
| φῶς ἐθνῶν (light to the nations) | ਕੌਮਾਂ ਲਈ ਚਾਨਣ | Medium | The Great Commission Fulfilled | 13 | Positive missional metaphor; narrow Isaiah-fulfillment citation, avoid ਜੋਤ-adjacent vocabulary. |
| βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου (John’s baptism, contrastive) | ਯੂਹੰਨਾ ਦਾ ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ | High | Repentance and Baptism | 19 | Must be clearly distinguished from Christian baptism’s tie to explicit faith in the named risen Lord and Spirit-reception. |
| ἐπίσκοπος (overseer) | ਨਿਗਾਹਬਾਨ | Medium | The Church as Community | 20 | Administrative/pastoral office; avoid suggesting a hierarchical caste-like distinction from “elder.” |
| πρεσβύτερος (elder) | ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ | Low | The Church as Community | 20 | Standard church-office term. |
| ποιμήν/ποιμαίνω (shepherd) | ਅਯਾਲੀ | Low | The Church as Community | 20 | Broadly positive, cross-culturally intelligible pastoral metaphor. |
| εὐχή (vow) | ਪ੍ਰਤਿੱਗਿਆ | Medium | The Church as Community | 21 | Prefer over ਸੁੱਖਣਾ, which denotes transactional folk-religious shrine-vowing; that framework must not attach here. |
| ἐγκράτεια (self-control) | ਸੰਜਮ | Medium | Justification apart from the Law | 24 | Anchor to gospel ethics flowing from faith, not generic merit-earning asceticism. |
| φῶς/σκότος (light/darkness, of conversion) | ਚਾਨਣ / ਹਨੇਰਾ | High | The Great Commission Fulfilled; Conversion of Paul | 26 | Avoid ਜੋਤ-adjacent vocabulary (Sikh sequential divine-light-transmission doctrine, already Critical/High in baseline glory). |
| σωτηρία in non-technical sense (“safety”) | ਬਚਾਅ (NOT ਮੁਕਤੀ) | Medium | (Translation-risk caution, no doctrine) | 27 | Everyday physical-safety usage must not be rendered with the technical soteriological term, to avoid both over- and under-theologizing. |
| ἀκωλύτως (unhindered) | ਬਿਨਾਂ ਰੋਕ / ਖੁੱਲ੍ਹੇਆਮ | Low | The Great Commission Fulfilled | 28 | Theologically climactic final word of Acts; preserve its emphatic, unqualified force. |
Chapters Confirmed as Introducing No New Load-Bearing Vocabulary
Chapters 12, 18, 23, and 25 introduce no new load-bearing theological terms; they reuse vocabulary established in the chapters preceding them (see analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md Part 2 for the specific reuse citations in each case).
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: dharmikta
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਨਿਆਂ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ਧਰਮ. Ties Acts 13:38-39 and Paul’s address to Felix (24:25) to the same forensic, faith-received sense as Romans.
Justification
Approved rendering: ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ
Transliteration: dharmi thehraya jana
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਫ਼ੀ ਮਿਲਣੀ
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 13:38-39 is the clearest Acts occurrence; never abbreviate to ਮਾਫ਼ੀ alone, which loses the legal-declaration dimension and must not be collapsed into the narrower forgiveness_of_sins entry below.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every doctrinally load-bearing Acts occurrence (2:21, 40, 47; 4:12; 11:14; 13:26, 47; 16:30-31), distinguishing Christian ਮੁਕਤੀ from Sikh ਮੁਕਤੀ (release from ਆਵਾਗਵਣ through Guru-mediated grace and Naam-simran). CAUTION: Acts 27:34 uses the Greek σωτηρία in an everyday physical-safety sense; render that occurrence with ਬਚਾਅ (see safety_non_technical below), NOT ਮੁਕਤੀ.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ
Transliteration: punar-uthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ (and the General Resurrection)
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ, ਆਵਾਗਵਣ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἀνίστημι
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Extends in Acts 23:6-8 beyond Christ’s own resurrection to the general doctrine of bodily resurrection debated with the Sadducees; that extension must equally never be rendered with reincarnation vocabulary.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ. Acts 2:36 (“God has made him both Lord and Christ”) and 16:31 are key occurrences.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Puttar
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਦੇਵ-ਪੁਰਸ਼
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Acts 9:20, 13:33; full phrase required.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Acts 2:31-36, 3:18, 9:22, 17:3, 18:5, 28.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ਈਸਾ (the Punjabi Muslim, Shahmukhi-context Christological form).
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ਬ੍ਰਹਮ. Distinguish carefully from ਜੋਤ (Sikh sequential divine-light transmission through the Ten Gurus) — the Spirit indwells every believer personally and simultaneously, per Acts 2:4. Central to the core passage.
Calling On Name Of Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਲੈਣਾ
Transliteration: Prabhu da naam laina
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἐπικαλέομαι τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου
Category: Salvation
Acts 2:21, 2:38, 4:12, 22:16. MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every occurrence, distinguishing this decisive, one-time confession of faith directed at the risen, named Lord Jesus from Sikh Naam-simran, the central devotional practice of repeated meditation on the Divine Name for gradual liberation. This is the single highest-priority gloss requirement in the core passage’s evangelistic climax (2:38-40).
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Punjabi Christian term, “good news.” In Acts, governs the verb form εὐαγγελίζομαι throughout Philip’s and Paul’s evangelism (chs. 8, 13-15, 20); must convey an authoritative announcement, not a religious teaching offered alongside the Guru Granth Sahib’s teachings.
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Acts, Simon Magus’s attempt to purchase the Spirit’s power (8:18-24) is the sharpest didactic contrast-passage in the whole book: ਕਿਰਪਾ must preserve the absolute impossibility of purchasing or earning God’s gift, and must not be read as flowing through Guru-mediation or Naam-simran practice.
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 16:30-31 (the Philippian jailer) is the clearest evangelistic instance of this term in Acts: personal trust in the risen Christ specifically, not generalized devotional reverence or Sufi-idiom steadfastness.
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਗੁਰੂ. Central to Acts 1-2, 4-6, 8-9, 11, 14-16, where apostolic office is repeatedly exercised and defended before hostile authorities.
Called
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: saddiya hoya
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 2:39, 13:2, 16:14 instantiate this sense.
Calling
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਾ
Transliteration: sadda
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the act or state of being called by God.
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Holiness and Ritual Purity
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Raised to High in the Acts context because it forms the root of multiple compound Christological titles (ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪੁਰਖ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਧਰਮੀ ਪੁਰਖ) and the purity/impurity discourse of chs. 10-11, 15.
Saints
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: pavittar lok
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: ਸੰਤ
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਸੰਤ. Used of believers at Acts 9:13, 32, 41.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: pavittarikaran
Doctrine: Holiness and Ritual Purity
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιασμένοι
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 20:32, 26:18 (“an inheritance among those sanctified by faith”).
Adoption
Approved rendering: ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ
Transliteration: dattak putrata
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: ਗੋਦ ਲੈਣਾ
Original: υἱοθεσία (thematic; family-of-God language)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present in Acts 9:17’s “Brother Saul” and the church’s family language, though the technical noun does not recur verbatim in Acts.
Law
Approved rendering: ਬਿਵਸਥਾ
Transliteration: bivastha
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਧਰਮ or ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ. Central to Acts 6:13-14 (Stephen’s accusation), 13:38-39, 15:1-29, 21:20-24, 23:29.
Sin
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 2:38, 3:19, 5:1-11 (Ananias and Sapphira), 7:60.
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Avoid ਜੋਤ. Acts 7:55 (Stephen sees the glory of God), 12:23 (Herod’s judgment for refusing to give God glory).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ
Transliteration: nihcha di agiakari
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਫ਼ਰਜ਼
Original: ὑπήκουον τῇ πίστει (cf. ὑπακοὴ πίστεως)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Direct Acts occurrence at 6:7, “many of the priests became obedient to the faith.”
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di samratha
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ. Acts 1:8, 4:33, 6:8, 10:38.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ਨੇਮ
Transliteration: nem
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ਸਮਝੌਤਾ
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 3:25 (Abrahamic covenant), 7:8.
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 1:2,24; 9:15 (“chosen instrument”); 13:17; 15:7. Never ਕਿਸਮਤ.
Providence
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da prabandh
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ, ਹੁਕਮ
Original: βουλή / πρόγνωσις τοῦ θεοῦ (cf. Acts 2:23; 4:28)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਕਿਸਮਤ. See foreknowledge_and_plan below for the Acts 2:23/4:28 phrase specifically, and safety_non_technical for the Acts 27:34 translation caution.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ
Transliteration: Daud di ans
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 2:30; 13:22-23, 34.
Preach The Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ ਸੁਣਾਉਣਾ
Transliteration: khushkhabri sunauna
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ਪਰਚਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ (alone, insufficiently specific)
Original: εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Verb form (εὐαγγελίζομαι) built on gospel; inherits its risk exactly. Used of Philip (ch. 8) and Paul/Barnabas (chs. 13-15, 20); must not be softened into generic public speaking or teaching.
Filled With Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਨਾਲ ਭਰ ਗਏ
Transliteration: pavittar atma naal bhar gaye
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: ἐπλήσθησαν πνεύματος ἁγίου
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Acts 2:4 and throughout. Must convey personal indwelling empowerment by the third Person of the Trinity, not trance/possession phenomena from Punjabi folk religious practice, nor the Sikh doctrine of ਜੋਤ.
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਅਚਰਜ ਕੰਮ
Transliteration: nishan ate acharaj kamm
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: ਕਰਾਮਾਤ, ਸਿੱਧੀ, ਚਮਤਕਾਰ (theologically empty), ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
New descriptive coinage (genuine lexical gap — no single Punjabi word avoids importing an unwanted frame). NEVER ਕਰਾਮਾਤ (Sufi pir/saint-miracle reputation) or ਸਿੱਧੀ (yogic attainment) or ਸ਼ਕਤੀ; these are God’s own authenticating acts, not the apostles’ acquired spiritual power. Frequent across Acts 2, 4-6, 8, 14-15.
Foreknowledge And Plan
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਮਿਥੀ ਹੋਈ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਅਗੰਮੀ ਗਿਆਨ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di mithi hoi yojna ate agammi gian
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ὡρισμένη βουλὴ καὶ πρόγνωσις τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
Acts 2:23, 4:28. Never ਕਿਸਮਤ (impersonal fate); this is the personal, purposive knowledge of a sovereign Father within which Christ’s death, though a human crime, occurred.
Holy One
Approved rendering: ਤੇਰਾ ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪੁਰਖ
Transliteration: tera pavittar purakh
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ ὅσιός σου
Category: Christology
Acts 2:27. A Christological title anchored to the Critical resurrection doctrine; must retain its specific reference to Christ’s unique, incorruptible body, not a generic “holy person” designation.
Holy And Righteous One
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਧਰਮੀ ਪੁਰਖ
Transliteration: pavittar ate dharmi purakh
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ ἅγιος καὶ δίκαιος
Category: Christology
Acts 3:14. Built on baseline holy and righteousness roots; must retain unique divine holiness/righteousness, not generic moral praise.
Archegos Author Of Life
Approved rendering: ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਸੋਮਾ ਅਤੇ ਆਗੂ
Transliteration: jivan da soma ate aagu
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
Acts 3:15 (“Author of life”), 5:31 (“leader and savior”). Genuine lexical gap requiring coinage. Must not soften into a merely honored founder-figure of a religious movement (parallel to baseline’s ਗੁਰੂ caution for apostle); Christ is the divine source of life itself.
Servant Pais
Approved rendering: ਸੇਵਕ
Transliteration: sevak
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: παῖς
Category: Christology
Acts 3:13, 3:26, 4:27, 4:30. The Isaianic Servant-of-the-LORD title applied to Jesus; not to be flattened into the generic Sikh concept of ਸੇਵਾ (selfless service) — this is a unique Christological fulfillment title.
Restoration Of All Things
Approved rendering: ਸਭ ਕੁਝ ਦੀ ਬਹਾਲੀ
Transliteration: sabh kujh di bahaali
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: ἀποκατάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Acts 3:21. Must be framed as a single future consummation, never assimilated to Hindu yuga-cycle renewal or any cyclical cosmology.
Witness
Approved rendering: ਗਵਾਹ
Transliteration: gavah
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
Acts 1:8, 2:32, 4:33, 22:15, 26:16. Legal-evidentiary, historically-rooted eyewitness testimony to a real, bodily-risen Christ; not devotional storytelling detached from historical claim.
Martyr
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਹੀਦ
Transliteration: shahid
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Rejected alternatives: ਬਲੀਦਾਨ, ਕੁਰਬਾਨੀ
Original: μάρτυς (extended sense, embodied in Stephen’s death)
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
Acts 7 (Stephen’s death), 22:20. Crowded semantic neighborhood: ਸ਼ਹੀਦ is retained (no adequate substitute exists and readers will supply it mentally regardless) but requires the MOST consistently repeated gloss of any term in this glossary, explicitly distinguishing non-resistant, providence-entrusted Christian martyrdom from the Sikh ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ tradition’s association with righteous armed struggle (ਧਰਮ ਯੁੱਧ) and communal defense. Pair with witness (ਗਵਾਹ) as the primary term wherever possible.
Repentance
Approved rendering: ਤੋਬਾ
Transliteration: tauba
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: ਪਸ਼ਚਾਤਾਪ
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance and Baptism
Acts 2:38 (core passage imperative), 3:19, 8:22, 11:18, 17:30, 19:4, 20:21, 26:20. Shared Perso-Arabic-origin term across Punjabi Islamic/Sufi usage; every occurrence must be anchored to its specific gospel content (turning toward the risen, exalted Lord Jesus named in 2:36), not left as generic religious remorse recognizable equally within Islamic, Sikh, or Hindu devotional frameworks.
Baptism
Approved rendering: ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: ਇਸ਼ਨਾਨ, ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਸੰਚਾਰ, ਖੰਡੇ ਦੀ ਪਾਹੁਲ
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Repentance and Baptism
Acts 2:38, 41 (core passage), 8:12-13, 36-38, 9:18, 10:47-48, 16:15, 33, 18:8, 19:5, 22:16. Established Punjabi Christian loanword. Must be framed as a sign/seal of salvation already received through repentance and faith, not a merit-conferring rite; explicitly NOT theologically parallel to the Sikh Amrit Sanchar/Khande di Pahul initiation ceremony despite surface resemblance as a decisive identity-marking rite.
Johns Baptism
Approved rendering: ਯੂਹੰਨਾ ਦਾ ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ
Transliteration: Yuhanna da baptisma
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Original: βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου
Category: Repentance and Baptism
Acts 19:3-5. Contrastive term: John’s preparatory, repentance-only baptism must be clearly distinguished from full Christian baptism’s inseparable tie to explicit faith in the named, risen Lord Jesus and reception of the Holy Spirit.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਾਫ਼ੀ
Transliteration: papan di maafi
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Original: ἄφεσις τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance and Baptism
Acts 2:38, 5:31, 10:43, 13:38, 26:18. Judicial release from the guilt and penalty of sin, narrower than and distinct from justification (ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ) — the two concepts must never be collapsed into each other. Also guard against a ritual-absolution reading, as if baptism itself mechanically effects forgiveness apart from repentance and faith already required.
Gift Of Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਦਾਤ
Transliteration: pavittar atma di daat
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: ἡ δωρεὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Acts 2:38, 8:20 (contrastively, Simon Magus), 10:45, 11:17. Must be received as an unearned, unpurchasable gift of grace, not an attainment through meditative discipline, ritual merit, or monetary payment.
Lie To Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਨਾਲ ਝੂਠ ਬੋਲਣਾ
Transliteration: pavittar atma naal jhooth bolna
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: ψεύδομαι…τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Acts 5:3. Confirms the Spirit’s full personhood and divine holiness; sin against the Spirit is sin against God himself, not an offense against an impersonal force.
Spirit Of Divination
Approved rendering: ਭਵਿੱਖ ਬਤਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਭੂਤ-ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: bhavikh bataun vaali bhoot-atma
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Occult Power
Rejected alternatives: ਪਾਈਥਨ (meaningless transliteration)
Original: πνεῦμα πύθωνα
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Acts 16:16-18. Given the prevalence of astrology (ਜੋਤਸ਼) and folk fortune-telling in Punjabi popular religion, must be unambiguously identified as an evil, demonic power, categorically distinct from and opposed to the Holy Spirit, never a lesser or alternative “spiritual gift.”
Scripture
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
Transliteration: Pavittar Granth
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: γραφή / γραφαί
Category: Inspiration of Scripture
Acts 8:32-35, 17:2, 11, 18:24, 28. Distinguish God-breathed Scripture, human-authored under divine guidance and requiring faithful interpretation (Philip, the Bereans), from the Sikh doctrine of the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal, living Guru whose authority functions very differently.
The Way
Approved rendering: ਰਾਹ
Transliteration: raah
Doctrine: “The Way” as the Exclusive Path of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਰਗ, ਪੰਥ
Original: ἡ ὁδός
Category: Great Commission Fulfilled
Acts 9:2, 18:25-26, 19:9, 23, 22:4, 24:14, 22. NEVER ਮਾਰਗ or ਪੰਥ, both of which import South Asia’s “many equally valid paths” (bahu-marg) framework. ਰਾਹ is more neutral/everyday but still requires an explicit theological bridge-note on every load-bearing occurrence affirming this is the singular way of salvation through the risen, exclusive Lord Jesus, not vocabulary substitution alone.
Vision
Approved rendering: ਦਰਸ਼ਨ
Transliteration: darshan
Doctrine: Divine Guidance through Vision
Rejected alternatives: ਸੁਪਨਾ (too weak), ਪਰਕਾਸ਼ (risks “enlightenment”-attainment confusion)
Original: ὅραμα / ὀπτασία
Category: Conversion of Paul
RETAINED-WITH-MANDATORY-GLOSS, parallel to baseline ਮੁਕਤੀ precedent. Acts 9:3-12, 10:3-6, 10-16, 16:9-10, 18:9-10, 26:19. ਦਰਸ਼ਨ is unavoidable (no viable single-word substitute) yet carries the entire Hindu/Sikh devotional framework of beholding-and-being-blessed by a deity, image, guru, or the Guru Granth Sahib. Every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence requires a clarifying gloss: this is a one-time, sovereign divine disclosure of information/direction for gospel mission, not a repeatable devotional beholding-and-being-blessed encounter.
Chosen Instrument
Approved rendering: ਚੁਣਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੰਦ
Transliteration: chuniya hoya sand
Doctrine: Conversion of Paul
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς
Category: Conversion of Paul
Acts 9:15. Inherits baseline election risk exactly; God’s sovereign selection of Saul/Paul must never be read as impersonal ਕਿਸਮਤ (fate).
Clean Unclean
Approved rendering: ਅਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਬਨਾਮ ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Transliteration: apavittar banaam shuddh
Doctrine: Holiness and Ritual Purity
Original: κοινός / ἀκάθαρτον vs. καθαρός
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Acts 10:14-15, 28, 15:9. Touches Punjab’s own strong purity-impurity discourse tied historically to caste and untouchability; must convey God’s decisive abolition of any ritual barrier to gospel inclusion. Note a genuine positive parallel worth teaching: Sikh langar’s commensality ideal, even though the theological warrant differs.
Partiality
Approved rendering: ਪੱਖਪਾਤ
Transliteration: pakhpaat
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Acts 10:34-35. “God shows no partiality” directly challenges caste and communal-identity hierarchy still present in Punjabi society despite Sikhism’s own formal rejection of caste; no softening for social comfort.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: ਸੁੰਨਤ
Transliteration: sunnat
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Original: περιτομή
Category: Justification apart from the Law
Acts 15:1-29, 21:21. Shared Perso-Arabic-origin term with Islamic usage. The doctrinal point — this ritual marker cannot be required for salvation — directly parallels the baseline’s rejection of works-based ਧਰਮ and must be preserved with equal force.
Seemed Good To Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਨੂੰ ਚੰਗਾ ਲੱਗਾ
Transliteration: pavittar atma nu changa lagga
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: ἔδοξεν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Acts 15:28. Reinforces the Spirit as a personal guiding agent in the church’s collective discernment, not an impersonal cosmic order one merely submits to.
Idols
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਤੀਆਂ
Transliteration: murtiyan
Doctrine: Idolatry and True Worship
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Acts 14:11-18, 17:16-31, 19:23-41, 28:6. Significant collision given widespread Hindu image-worship (murti puja) practiced by Punjab’s Hindu minority; note a genuine but partial point of overlap with Sikhism’s own formal rejection of image worship, which must not be overextended.
Light Darkness
Approved rendering: ਚਾਨਣ ਅਤੇ ਹਨੇਰਾ
Transliteration: chanan ate hanera
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ-based phrasing
Original: φῶς / σκότος
Category: Great Commission Fulfilled
Acts 26:18, Christ’s commissioning words to Paul. Must be rendered without drawing on ਜੋਤ-adjacent vocabulary, the specific Sikh doctrine of divine light transmitted sequentially through the Ten Gurus; Christ’s light here is his own unique, direct revelation, not a transmitted lineage-light.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 9:31, 10:36; relational, covenantal peace with God, not the meditative equipoise (ਸਹਿਜ) attained through Naam-simran.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤਾਂ
Transliteration: atmik daatan
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: ਵਰ
Original: χαρίσματα / δωρεά (of the Spirit)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ties to the “gift of the Holy Spirit” theme in Acts 2 and 8; see gift_of_holy_spirit below for the Critical/High Acts-specific occurrences.
Church
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: mandli
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ਮੰਦਰ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ or ਮੰਦਰ. Occurs throughout Acts (2:47, 5:11, 8:1, 9:31, 11:22-26, 13-15, 20:17,28).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Raj
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Frames Acts 1:3, 6; 8:12; 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31 — bookends both Jesus’s and Paul’s preaching across the whole narrative.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ
Transliteration: paraiyan kaumaan
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Acts 10-11, 13-15, 21, 28. Ensure ਕੌਮਾਂ is read generically, not as a reference to the specific Sikh Qaum-identity category.
Mission
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚਾਰ
Transliteration: prachar
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / ἀποστέλλω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Structures Acts 1, 8, 13-14, 20.
David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 2, 4, 13, 15.
Israel
Approved rendering: ਇਸਰਾਏਲ
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Acts 1-5, 7, 10, 13, 26, 28.
Pentecost
Approved rendering: ਪੰਤੇਕੁਸਤ
Transliteration: Pantekust
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: ἡμέρα τῆς πεντηκοστῆς
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Established transliterated proper noun for the Jewish Feast of Weeks. No competing religious association in Punjab, but requires a mandatory explanatory gloss (Jewish harvest/covenant feast, echoing Sinai) for reader clarity, since OT narrative literacy is assumed low.
Tongues Of Fire
Approved rendering: ਅੱਗ ਵਰਗੀਆਂ ਜੀਭਾਂ
Transliteration: agg vargian jeebhan
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Acts 2:3. Must not suggest a self-generated inner spiritual “fire” attainable through meditative/yogic discipline; this is God’s sovereign gift, not an achieved inner state.
Other Tongues
Approved rendering: ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ
Transliteration: hor bhashavan
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Original: ἑτέραι γλῶσσαι
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Acts 2:4, 19:6. Must be clear these are actual foreign human languages understood by hearers (2:6,8,11), not private ecstatic utterance readable through unrelated trance-speech practices.
Hades
Approved rendering: ਪਤਾਲ
Transliteration: Patal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ (and the General Resurrection)
Original: ᾍδης
Category: Eschatology
Acts 2:27, 2:31. The realm/power of death (LXX rendering of Sheol). Must not be rendered with a term implying a reincarnation-bound intermediate state; avoid wording resonant with ਆਵਾਗਵਣ’s transmigratory framework.
Souls Persons
Approved rendering: ਜਾਨਾਂ
Transliteration: jaanan
Doctrine: Repentance and Baptism
Rejected alternatives: ਆਤਮਾ (for everyday “person” sense)
Original: ψυχαί
Category: Repentance and Baptism
Acts 2:41, 27:37. Prefer ਜਾਨ/ਵਿਅਕਤੀ over ਆਤਮਾ for the everyday “person” sense, to avoid blurring with the Spirit-related use of ਆਤਮਾ (Holy Spirit) elsewhere in the glossary.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ
Transliteration: Prabhu da din
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Acts 2:20 (Joel quotation). Requires OT background explanation; without context readers may read it as a generic “judgment day” concept detached from covenant history.
Last Days
Approved rendering: ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਦਿਨ
Transliteration: ant de din
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Acts 2:17. Must be framed as the inaugurated, linear “already/not yet” era, not conflated with Hindu yuga-cycle cosmology or ਆਵਾਗਵਣ.
Ends Of The Earth
Approved rendering: ਧਰਤੀ ਦੇ ਹੱਦਾਂ ਤੱਕ
Transliteration: dharti de haddan tak
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Original: ἔσχατον τῆς γῆς
Category: Great Commission Fulfilled
Acts 1:8, the programmatic verse for the whole book; must convey total geographic and ethnic universality without qualification.
Ascension
Approved rendering: ਸਵਰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਠਾਏ ਜਾਣਾ
Transliteration: swarg vich uthaye jaana
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ἀνάλημψις
Category: Christology
Acts 1:9-11. Must be bodily, historical, once-for-all ascension, not a symbolic dissolution into a formless divine principle (relevant given Sikh ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰ theology, cf. baseline incarnation note).
Breaking Of Bread
Approved rendering: ਰੋਟੀ ਤੋੜਨਾ
Transliteration: roti tordna
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου
Category: Church as Community
Acts 2:42, 46, 20:7, 11, 27:35. A literal communal meal with beginning sacramental resonance; must not be reduced to ordinary commensality alone, nor conflated with the Sikh langar meal despite a genuine surface resemblance worth teaching comparatively.
All Things Common
Approved rendering: ਸਭ ਕੁਝ ਸਾਂਝਾ
Transliteration: sabh kujh saanjha
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: ἅπαντα κοινά
Category: Church as Community
Acts 2:44-45, 4:32-35. OPPORTUNITY: ਸਾਂਝਾ carries warm, positive Punjabi communal-sharing connotations echoing Sikh langar’s ethic; ensure it is read as voluntary grace-motivated generosity, not obligatory redistribution.
Ministry Diakonia
Approved rendering: ਸੇਵਾ
Transliteration: seva
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: ਦਾਨ
Original: διακονία
Category: Church as Community
Acts 6:1-4. OPPORTUNITY WITH CAUTION: ਸੇਵਾ is a deeply positive, central Sikh concept (langar seva, kar sewa); ਦਾਨ rejected for its merit-accumulation connotations. Ensure ਸੇਵਾ is not implicitly read as merit-generating religious practice, but as Spirit-motivated service flowing from grace already received.
Boldness
Approved rendering: ਦਲੇਰੀ
Transliteration: daleri
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Rejected alternatives: ਬਹਾਦਰੀ
Original: παρρησία
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
Acts 4:13, 29, 31; 9:27-28; 13:46; 14:3; 19:8; 28:31. NEVER ਬਹਾਦਰੀ (imports martial-valor connotations). Must be Spirit-given courage to proclaim Christ, not human bravado, political defiance, or resonance with Khalsa martial-valor ideals.
Persecution
Approved rendering: ਸਤਾਹਟ
Transliteration: sataahat
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: διωγμός
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
Acts 8:1, 11:19, 12:1. Suffering endured in hope, not vengeful resistance; pairs with martyr and boldness.
Sanhedrin
Approved rendering: ਮਹਾਸਭਾ
Transliteration: Mahasabha
Doctrine: Persecution and Bold Witness
Original: Συνέδριον
Category: Persecution and Bold Witness
Acts 4-6, 22-23. A specific historical Jewish judicial-religious institution; must not be read as a generic religious “sabha,” several of which exist in modern Sikh institutional life (e.g. Singh Sabha).
Angel
Approved rendering: ਦੂਤ
Transliteration: doot
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Rejected alternatives: ਦੇਵਤੇ
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Acts 5:19, 8:26, 10:3-7, 12:7-11, 27:23. Correct here (unlike its explicit rejection as an alternative for “apostle” in the baseline); must be distinguished from Hindu ਦੇਵਤੇ (demigods) — angels are created, not divine, and act only as God’s messengers.
Sorcery Magic
Approved rendering: ਜਾਦੂ
Transliteration: jaadu
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Occult Power
Original: μαγεία
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Acts 8:9-11, 13:6-11, 19:19. A real contrast-category in a culture where occult practice, amulets, and astrology are common; must remain clearly condemned and clearly distinct from the Spirit’s work.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: ਹੱਥ ਰੱਖਣਾ
Transliteration: hath rakhna
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Acts 6:6, 9:17, 13:3, 19:6, 28:8. Must be distinguished from folk-healing touch practices or superstitious hand-gestures, and from the Sikh Amrit ceremony’s ritual acts; the act itself is not effective apart from God’s power.
God Fearer
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਤੋਂ ਡਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar ton darn vaala
Doctrine: The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Original: φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Acts 10:2, 22, 35. A historically specific first-century category (Gentile sympathizer to Judaism without full conversion) with no exact Punjabi social parallel; requires explanatory framing, built from baseline god (ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ).
Yoke
Approved rendering: ਜੂਲਾ
Transliteration: joola
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Original: ζυγός
Category: Justification apart from the Law
Acts 15:10. Standard metaphor for legalistic burden, tied directly to law and grace.
Apostolic Decree
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾ
Transliteration: rasoolan da faisla
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Rejected alternatives: ਹੁਕਮ
Original: δόγμα
Category: Apostolic Authority and Miracles
Acts 15:28-29, 16:4. Deliberately avoid ਹੁਕਮ, which baseline reserves as too liturgically specific to the Sikh doctrine of Waheguru’s Divine Order to serve as a generic term for a church council’s administrative decision.
Unknown God
Approved rendering: ਅਣਜਾਣ ਦੇਵਤਾ
Transliteration: anjaan devta
Doctrine: Idolatry and True Worship
Original: ἄγνωστος θεός
Category: Gospel to Jews and Gentiles
Acts 17:23. Paul’s rhetorical apologetic bridge, not a syncretistic concession; must be clearly framed as leading into proclaiming ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ specifically, not as an endorsement that any unknown deity concept is equally valid.
Light To Nations
Approved rendering: ਕੌਮਾਂ ਲਈ ਚਾਨਣ
Transliteration: kaumaan lai chanan
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ-based phrasing
Original: φῶς ἐθνῶν
Category: Great Commission Fulfilled
Acts 13:47 (Isaiah 49:6 citation). Positive missional metaphor; narrow Isaiah-fulfillment citation, should still avoid ਜੋਤ-adjacent vocabulary per baseline’s glory caution.
Overseer
Approved rendering: ਨਿਗਾਹਬਾਨ
Transliteration: nigahbaan
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church as Community
Acts 20:28. Administrative/pastoral office; should not be rendered so formally as to suggest a hierarchical caste-like class distinct from the “elders” it is functionally identified with in this same passage.
Vow
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਤਿੱਗਿਆ
Transliteration: pratigya
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: ਸੁੱਖਣਾ
Original: εὐχή
Category: Church as Community
Acts 21:23. Prefer ਪ੍ਰਤਿੱਗਿਆ (formal pledge/vow) over ਸੁੱਖਣਾ, which denotes the transactional folk-religious practice of vowing to a deity or shrine in exchange for a favor granted; that framework must not attach to this Nazirite-vow custom.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ਸੰਜਮ
Transliteration: sanjam
Doctrine: Justification apart from the Law
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Justification apart from the Law
Acts 24:25. Some positive overlap with South Asian ascetic self-discipline ideals; must be anchored specifically to gospel ethics flowing from faith, not generic asceticism practiced as a path to merit.
Judgment To Come
Approved rendering: ਨਿਆਂ
Transliteration: nyaan
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: κρίσις
Category: Universal Human Accountability
Acts 17:31, 24:25. Future, personal divine judgment, not karma-based impersonal consequence.
Inheritance Kleros
Approved rendering: ਵਿਰਸਾ
Transliteration: virsa
Doctrine: Holiness and Ritual Purity
Original: κλῆρος
Category: Sanctification
Acts 26:18. Combines baseline sanctification and faith with inheritance-rights language echoing baseline adoption.
Safety Non Technical
Approved rendering: ਬਚਾਅ
Transliteration: bachaav
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ਮੁਕਤੀ (forbidden for this specific sense)
Original: σωτηρία (non-technical sense, 27:34)
Category: Providence
Acts 27:34. Everyday physical safety/preservation, as in “this is for your safety” during the shipwreck. Must NOT be rendered with the technical soteriological term ਮੁਕਤੀ, to avoid both over-theologizing a mundane statement and creating false consistency pressure with the technical salvation term.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
Transliteration: dhanvad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Mutual Encouragement
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Acts 27:35, 28:15.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Rejected alternatives: ਦੋਸਤੀ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. OPPORTUNITY word retained. Acts 2:42, 4:32-35, 11:19-26; see also breaking_of_bread and all_things_common below for its communal expressions in Acts.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ਨਬੀ
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs of Joel (2:16), David (2:30), Moses (3:22, 7:37), and OT prophets generally throughout Acts.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ
Transliteration: bhavikhbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Includes Agabus’s prophetic warnings (11:28, 21:10-11).
Wind Breath
Approved rendering: ਹਵਾ ਦਾ ਤੇਜ਼ ਵਹਾਅ
Transliteration: hava da tez vahaa
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Rejected alternatives: ਪ੍ਰਾਣ (impersonal life-force)
Original: πνοή
Category: Holy Spirit and Pentecost
Acts 2:2 descriptive natural-phenomenon language; avoid suggesting an impersonal cosmic “breath/prana” force distinct from the personal Holy Spirit named in v.4.
Christians
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹੀ
Transliteration: Masihi
Doctrine: The Church as Community
Original: Χριστιανοί
Category: Church
Acts 11:26, 26:28. Already a well-established, natural Punjabi Christian self-designation; minimal collision risk.
Elder
Approved rendering: ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ
Transliteration: buzurg
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church as Community
Acts 14:23, 20:17. Standard church-office term.
Shepherd
Approved rendering: ਅਯਾਲੀ
Transliteration: ayaali
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Order
Original: ποιμήν / ποιμαίνω
Category: Church as Community
Acts 20:28-29. Broadly positive, cross-culturally intelligible pastoral metaphor.
Casting Lots
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚੀ ਪਾਉਣਾ
Transliteration: parchi pauna
Doctrine: Providence
Original: κλῆρος (casting lots, 1:26)
Category: Providence
Acts 1:26. A sanctioned method of discerning God’s choice in the pre-Pentecost narrative moment of Matthias’s selection; distinct from folk-divination, and distinct from the chosen_instrument/election vocabulary used elsewhere.
Patriarch
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਰ-ਪੁਰਖ
Transliteration: pitr-purakh
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: πατριάρχης
Category: Covenant
Acts 2:29, 7:8-9. Ties into the Davidic covenant doctrine; inherits the High-risk background-explanation need of the covenant doctrine it serves.
Unhindered
Approved rendering: ਬਿਨਾਂ ਰੋਕ
Transliteration: bina rok
Doctrine: The Great Commission Fulfilled
Original: ἀκωλύτως
Category: Great Commission Fulfilled
Acts 28:31, the final word of the book. Theologically climactic; preserve its emphatic, unqualified force as the capstone of Acts 1:8’s fulfillment.
Citizenship
Approved rendering: ਨਾਗਰਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: naagriktaa
Doctrine: Civic Context (no doctrine collision)
Original: πολίτης / πολιτεία
Category: Civic
Acts 16:37-38, 22:25-28. Paul’s Roman citizenship; a civic-legal term with no doctrinal collision, included for completeness of narrative vocabulary in Paul’s defense speeches.
Referenced passages