Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: 2 Timothy
English → Punjabi | TRI Phase 1, Step 1
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across all four chapters of 2 Timothy, organized by the curriculum’s seven doctrines plus a cross-cutting Christology/God-language section. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] are copied exactly from the Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed for this curriculum and require formal addition to translation memory in a later phase, with risk tiers assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline.
Doctrine 1: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scripture / sacred writings | γραφή / ἱερὰ γράμματα | ਲਿਖਤ / ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ | likhat / pavittar likhtan | Critical | [NEW] | Rejected: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (ਗ੍ਰੰਥ risks direct association with Guru Granth Sahib). The existing baseline doctrine-label “ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਨਾ” remains the artifact name only; do not use ਗ੍ਰੰਥ in translated running text. |
| God-breathed / inspired | θεόπνευστος | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ-ਸੁਆਸਿਤ | Parmeshar-suasit | Critical | [NEW] | Anchor term of the whole curriculum. Must be distinguished from the Sikh doctrine of Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal, living, speaking Guru, and from generic comparative-religion “every scripture is inspired” claims. |
| profitable/useful | ὠφέλιμος | ਲਾਭਦਾਇਕ | labhdayak | Low | [NEW] | |
| teaching (Scripture’s use) | διδασκαλία (πρὸς διδασκαλίαν) | ਸਿੱਖਿਆ | sikhya | High | [NEW] | Shared root with “Sikh” (learner) is coincidental, not doctrinal; note for translator awareness only. |
| reproof | ἐλεγμός | ਦੋਸ਼ ਦਾ ਪਰਦਾਫਾਸ਼ / ਤਾੜਨਾ | dosh da pardafash / taarna | Medium | [NEW] | |
| correction | ἐπανόρθωσις | ਸੁਧਾਰ | sudhar | Medium | [NEW] | |
| training/discipline | παιδεία | ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ | anushasan | Medium | [NEW] | |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ | dharmikta | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never ਧਰਮ. |
| complete/proficient (sufficiency) | ἄρτιος | ਸੰਪੂਰਨ | sampooran | High | [NEW] | Functional completeness for ministry, not sinless perfection. |
| man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਮਨੁੱਖ | Parmeshar da manukkh | Medium-High | [NEW] | Caution: not an independent holy-man/sadhu-style figure; any Scripture-equipped believer. |
| equipped | ἐξηρτισμένος | ਲੈਸ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੋਇਆ | les kita hoya | Medium | [NEW] | |
| pattern of sound words | ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | ਖਰੇ ਬਚਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਨਮੂਨਾ | khare bachnan da namoona | High | [NEW] | Pairs ਬਚਨ with the ਖਰਾ/sound-teaching root; cross-reference Doctrine 3 below. |
Doctrine 2: Guarding Sound Doctrine
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sound/healthy teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | ਖਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (alt. ਨਰੋਈ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ) | khari sikhya | High | [NEW] | Anchor term across Pastoral Epistles. Contrast image: gangrenous false teaching (γάγγραινα). |
| rightly handling [the word] | ὀρθοτομοῦντα | ਸਚਾਈ ਦੇ ਬਚਨ ਨੂੰ ਠੀਕ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਸਮਝਾਉਣਾ | sachai de bachan nu theek dhang naal samjhauna | High | [NEW] | ਬਚਨ never ਸ਼ਬਦ in this sense. |
| teacher | διδάσκαλος | ਸਿੱਖਿਅਕ | sikhyak | High | [NEW] | NEVER ਗੁਰੂ — same forbidden-substitution logic as baseline’s apostle entry. |
| approved / disqualified | δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος | ਪ੍ਰਵਾਨਿਤ / ਅਪ੍ਰਵਾਨਿਤ | pravanit / apravanit | Medium-High | [NEW] | Deliberate structural contrast pair (2:15 vs. 3:8). |
| godlessness/ungodliness | ἀσέβεια | ਅਧਰਮ (used cautiously) | adharam | Medium | [NEW] | Distinct sense from ਪਾਪ (specific transgression, baseline “sin”); denotes a state of impiety broadly. |
| word-battles/disputes | λογομαχία | ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਝਗੜਾ | shabdan bare jhagra | Medium | [NEW] | ਸ਼ਬਦ acceptable here (generic plural “words”), unlike its forbidden use for singular λόγος = “the Word/message.” |
| irreverent empty chatter | βεβήλους κενοφωνίας | ਖੋਖਲੀਆਂ ਗੱਪਾਂ | khokhliyan gappan | Medium | [NEW] | |
| gangrene (metaphor) | γάγγραινα | ਨਾਸੂਰ | nasoor | Medium | [NEW] | Health/disease inclusio with ὑγιαίνουσα. |
| myth/fable | μῦθος | ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ / ਗੱਪਾਂ | kahaniyan / gappan | Medium | [NEW] | Avoid ਮਿਥਿਹਾਸ (specific Hindu-mythology connotation). |
Doctrine 3: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ | khushkhabri | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| deposit/entrusted trust | παραθήκη | ਅਮਾਨਤ | amanat | Critical | [NEW] | Two referents: Paul’s own soul entrusted to God (1:12) and sound teaching entrusted to Timothy (1:14); context disambiguates. |
| guard/keep | φύλαξον | ਰਾਖੀ ਕਰ / ਸੰਭਾਲ ਕਰ | rakhi kar / sambhal kar | High | [NEW] | |
| entrust [to others] | παράθου | ਸੌਂਪ ਦੇ | saump de | High | [NEW] | Chain-of-transmission verse: Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others. |
| the word of God is not bound | ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਬਚਨ ਬੰਨ੍ਹਿਆ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ | Parmeshar da bachan bannhia nahi ja sakda | High | [NEW] | |
| apostle, preacher, teacher (Paul’s threefold office) | ἀπόστολος / κήρυξ / διδάσκαλος | ਰਸੂਲ / ਪਰਚਾਰਕ / ਸਿੱਖਿਅਕ | rasul / pracharak / sikhyak | High | ਰਸੂਲ [BASELINE REUSE]; others [NEW] | Never ਗੁਰੂ for the teacher office. |
| faithful men | πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις | ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਲੋਕ | vafadar log | Medium | [NEW] |
Doctrine 4: The Charge to Preach the Word
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| preach! | κήρυξον | ਪਰਚਾਰ ਕਰ | prachar kar | High | [NEW, root reuse] | Built on baseline “mission” root ਪਰਚਾਰ. |
| the word [the message] | λόγος (τὸν λόγον) | ਬਚਨ | bachan | Critical | [NEW] | NEVER ਸ਼ਬਦ — the specific Sikh Shabad/Gurbani doctrine of the divine Word-as-sound embodied exclusively in the Guru Granth Sahib. ਸ਼ਬਦ remains fine for ordinary generic “words” (plural, non-technical). |
| in season, out of season | εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως | ਸਮੇਂ ਸਿਰ ਅਤੇ ਬੇਵੇਲੇ | samen sir ate bevele | Low | [NEW] | |
| reprove | ἔλεγξον | ਦੋਸ਼ ਦਿਖਾ / ਤਾੜਨਾ ਦੇ | dosh dikha | Medium | [NEW] | |
| rebuke | ἐπιτίμησον | ਸਖ਼ਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਚਿਤਾਵਨੀ ਦੇ | sakhti naal chitavani de | Medium | [NEW] | Kept distinct in force from ἐλέγχω. |
| exhort | παρακάλεσον | ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰ | utshahit kar | Low-Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| patience | μακροθυμία | ਸਬਰ | sabar | Low-Medium | [NEW] | |
| teaching/instruction | διδαχή | ਸਿੱਖਿਆ | sikhya | Medium | [NEW] | Consistent with διδασκαλία. |
| sound teaching (endurance failure) | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | ਖਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ | khari sikhya | High | [NEW, cross-ref Doctrine 2] | |
| itching ears | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν | ਕੰਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਖੁਰਕ ਹੋਣੀ | kannan nu khurak honi | Low-Medium | [NEW] | Plain-paraphrase alternative available if idiom does not land. |
| truth | ἀλήθεια | ਸਚਾਈ | sachai | Medium-High | [NEW] | Opportunity-with-caution: resonates with Sikh Sat/ਸੱਚ theology; anchor to revealed apostolic content, not meditative Sat-realization. |
| evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ ਦਾ ਪਰਚਾਰਕ | khushkhabri da pracharak | Medium-High | [NEW, root reuse] | |
| ministry/service | διακονία | ਸੇਵਾ | seva | High | [NEW, reuse baseline caution] | Elevated risk relative to Romans given “fulfilling one’s ministry” is a headline theme; reuse baseline’s christ_centered_ministry caution regarding Sikh seva. |
| fulfill [ministry] | πληροφόρησον | ਪੂਰੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰ | puri tarhan pura kar | Low-Medium | [NEW] |
Doctrine 5: Perseverance under Suffering
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| endure suffering / share in suffering | κακοπαθέω / συγκακοπαθέω | ਦੁੱਖ ਸਹਿ | dukh seh | High | [NEW] | Thread term at 1:8, 2:3, 4:5 — render identically at every occurrence. |
| be sober-minded | νήφω (νῆφε) | ਸੁਚੇਤ ਰਹੁ | suchet rahu | Low-Medium | [NEW] | Root shared with ἀνανήφω (2:26, “come to their senses”). |
| endurance/perseverance | ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω | ਸਹਿਣਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ | sehanshilta | High | [NEW] | |
| soldier (metaphor) | στρατιώτης | ਸਿਪਾਹੀ | sipahi | Medium-High | [NEW] | Caution: disciplined endurance/loyalty, NOT political/physical militancy; keep distinct from Khalsa martial ideal and ਧਰਮ ਯੁੱਧ (baseline Critical caution on ਧਰਮ). |
| athlete / competing lawfully | ἀθλέω νομίμως | ਖਿਡਾਰੀ | khidari | Medium | [NEW] | |
| chains/bonds | δεσμός | ਜ਼ੰਜੀਰਾਂ | zanjeeran | Medium | [NEW] | |
| persecutions, sufferings | διωγμός, πάθημα | ਸਤਾਹਟ, ਦੁੱਖ-ਕਸ਼ਟ | satahat, dukh-kasht | Medium | [NEW] | |
| rescued/delivered | ῥύομαι | ਛੁਡਾਇਆ | chhudaya | Medium | [NEW] | Thread term at 3:11 and 4:17–18. |
| the Lord stood by me and strengthened me | παρίστημι / ἐνδυναμόω | ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਖੜ੍ਹਾ ਰਿਹਾ / ਸਮਰੱਥ ਬਣਾਇਆ | mere naal khadha reha | Medium-High | [NEW] | Reuses ਸਮਰੱਥਾ root [BASELINE REUSE: power_of_god]. |
| fight the good fight, finish the race, kept the faith | ἀγών, δρόμος, τετήρηκα | ਲੜਾਈ, ਦੌੜ, ਸਾਂਭ ਕੇ ਰੱਖੀ | ladhai, daud, sambh ke rakhi | High | [NEW] | Famous farewell triad; render consistently given likely wide quotation. |
Doctrine 6: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the last days | ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ | ant de dinan vich | High | [NEW] | Linear, historical, once-for-all; avoid conflation with cyclical Kali-Yuga-end popular frameworks. |
| perilous/difficult times | καιροὶ χαλεποί | ਔਖੇ ਸਮੇਂ | aukhe samen | Medium | [NEW] | |
| form of godliness (without power) | μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας | ਭਗਤੀ ਦਾ ਦਿਖਾਵਾ | bhagti da dikhava | Critical | [NEW] | εὐσέβεια = ਭਗਤੀ, treated with the same anchoring discipline as baseline’s ਕਿਰਪਾ; this specific verse critiques counterfeit religiosity, not devotion as such. |
| power (denied) | δύναμις | ਸਮਰੱਥਾ | samratha | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never ਸ਼ਕਤੀ. |
| impostors/charlatans | γόης | ਠੱਗ | thagg | Medium | [NEW] | Flag for native-speaker review re: Thuggee-era connotation. |
| deceiving and being deceived | πλανάω | ਧੋਖਾ ਦੇਣਾ | dhoka dena | Medium-High | [NEW] | NOT ਭਰਮਾਉਣਾ (avoid Sikh/Hindu Maya-adjacent “illusion” metaphysics). |
| swerved from the truth | ἀστοχέω | ਸਚਾਈ ਤੋਂ ਭਟਕ ਗਏ | sachai ton bhatak gaye | Medium-High | [NEW] | Shares ਭਟਕ root with ἐκτρέπομαι (4:4). |
| [claim that] the resurrection has already happened | ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι | (uses) ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | punar-uthan | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE, contextual application] | Careful framing: an intra-Christian eschatological error, not a general resurrection-vs-reincarnation contrast. |
| overturn the faith | ἀνατρέπω | ਨਿਹਚਾ ਨੂੰ ਉਲਟਾ ਦੇਣਾ | nihcha nu ulta dena | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE: faith] | |
| the devil / snare | διάβολος / παγίς | ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ / ਫੰਦਾ | shaitan / phanda | Medium-High | [NEW] | ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ is an established cross-religious Perso-Arabic loanword. |
| repentance / knowledge of the truth | μετάνοια / ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | ਤੋਬਾ / ਗਿਆਨ | toba / gyan | High | [NEW] | ਤੋਬਾ is a bridge term parallel to ਰਸੂਲ/ਨਬੀ; ਗਿਆਨ carries Sikh Gurmat-gyan resonance — anchor to apostolic/scriptural revelation. |
| Demas deserted me, loving this present age | ἐγκαταλείπω / αἰών | ਛੱਡ ਦੇਣਾ / ਇਸ ਸੰਸਾਰ | chhad dena / is sansaar | High | [NEW] | Concrete named apostasy example; avoid ਜੁੱਗ for αἰών here. |
| vice list (representative) | φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες, ὑπερήφανοι, etc. | ਆਪ-ਸੁਆਰਥੀ, ਲੋਭੀ, ਸ਼ੇਖੀਬਾਜ਼, ਹੰਕਾਰੀ, etc. | — | Low-Medium (High cumulatively) | [NEW] | ਲੋਭੀ/ਹੰਕਾਰੀ intersect positively with Sikh Panj Vikar ethical vocabulary — usable bridge with care. |
| Jannes and Jambres | Ἰάννης, Ἰαμβρῆς | proper names | — | Low (High typologically) | [NEW] | Typological pattern of opposition to God’s messengers. |
| Hymenaeus and Philetus | Ὑμέναιος, Φίλητος | proper names | — | Medium-High | [NEW] | Named false teachers, concrete Apostasy example. |
Doctrine 7: Assurance of Reward
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crown of righteousness | στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ ਦਾ ਮੁਕਟ | dharmikta da mukut | Critical | [NEW] | Homophony caution: ਮੁਕਟ (crown) vs. ਮੁਕਤ/ਮੁਕਤੀ (liberated/salvation) — disambiguate on first occurrence, especially in oral teaching. |
| laid up/reserved | ἀπόκειται | ਰੱਖਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ | rakhia hoya hai | High | [NEW] | Reward already secured, not a hoped-for uncertain outcome. |
| righteous Judge | ὁ δίκαιος κριτής | ਧਰਮੀ ਨਿਆਂਕਾਰ | dharmi nyaankar | High | [NEW] | ਧਰਮੀ reused from baseline’s justification compound; ਨਿਆਂਕਾਰ built on established ਨਿਆਂ root. |
| judge the living and the dead | κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | ਜੀਉਂਦਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਰਦਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਨਿਆਂ ਕਰਨਾ | ji’undian ate murdian da nyaan karna | High | [NEW] | Personal judgment by Christ, not impersonal karma. |
| we will reign with him | συμβασιλεύσομεν | ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਾਂਗੇ | us de naal raj karange | Critical | [NEW, root reuse] | Built on baseline’s ਰਾਜ root; must not be conflated with Khalsa Raj political-sovereignty aspiration — this is eschatological co-reigning with Christ. |
| he remains faithful | πιστὸς μένει | ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ | vafadar rahinda hai | Critical | [NEW] | Ground of assurance is God’s own unwavering character, not accumulated human merit — sharply distinct from the effort/merit-based Sikh mukti framework (reuse baseline assurance_of_salvation caution). |
| faithless / deny | ἀπιστέω / ἀρνέομαι | ਨਿਹਚਾਹੀਣ ਹੋਣਾ / ਇਨਕਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ | nihcha-heen hona / inkar karna | High | [NEW, root reuse] | Built on baseline ਨਿਹਚਾ root; converse of the Romans 10:9 Lordship confession. |
| firm foundation / seal | στερεὸς θεμέλιος / σφραγίς | ਨੀਂਹ / ਮੋਹਰ | neenh / mohar | High | [NEW] | God’s foundation stands despite individual defections. |
| the Lord will award me on that day | ἀποδώσει … ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ | ਉਸ ਦਿਨ … ਬਦਲਾ ਦੇਵੇਗਾ | us din … badla devega | High | [NEW] | |
| repay according to deeds (negative) | ἀποδώσει κατὰ τὰ ἔργα | ਕੰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਬਦਲਾ ਦੇਵੇਗਾ | kammaan de anusaar badla devega | High | [NEW] | Care: temporal/eschatological recompense, not a salvation-by-works statement. |
| heavenly kingdom | βασιλεία ἐπουράνιος | ਸਵਰਗੀ ਰਾਜ | savargi raj | Medium | [NEW, root reuse] | |
| crowned (athletic) | στεφανοῦται | ਮੁਕਟ ਪਹਿਨਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ | mukut pahinaya janda hai | Medium | [NEW] | Same homophony caution as above. |
Cross-Cutting: Christology, God-Language, and Recurring Baseline Terms
| English Term | Greek | Punjabi | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Parmeshar | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ/ਭਗਵਾਨ. |
| Lord | κύριος | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | prabhu | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| master (household sense) | δεσπότης | ਮਾਲਕ | malak | High | [NEW] | Distinct Greek word from κύριος; ਮਾਲਕ is the correct rendering here specifically, not a violation of the baseline’s κύριος-only rule. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ਯਿਸੂ | Yisu | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never ਈਸਾ. |
| Christ Jesus | Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς | ਮਸੀਹ ਯਿਸੂ | Masih Yisu | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Pavittar Atma | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Distinguish from Sikh ਜੋਤ doctrine (indwelling personal Spirit, not lineage-transmitted light). |
| appearing (incarnation & second coming) | ἐπιφάνεια | ਪਰਗਟਾਵਾ | pargatava | High | [NEW] | Never ਅਵਤਾਰ; qualify contextually as first/second appearing. |
| kingdom (of God/Christ) | βασιλεία | ਰਾਜ | raj | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE pattern] | Khalsa Raj caution applies. |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | punar-uthan | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ/ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. |
| seed of David | σπέρμα Δαυίδ | ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ | Daud di ans | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| grace | χάρις | ਕਿਰਪਾ | kirpa | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| mercy | ἔλεος | ਦਯਾ | daya | Medium | [NEW] | Opportunity-with-anchoring, parallel treatment to ਕਿਰਪਾ. |
| peace | εἰρήνη | ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ | shanti | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| faith | πίστις | ਨਿਹਚਾ | nihcha | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| salvation | σωτηρία | ਮੁਕਤੀ | mukti | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | Mandatory mukti-gloss on every load-bearing occurrence (1:9; 3:15; 4:18). |
| calling / called | κλῆσις / κλητός | ਸੱਦਾ / ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ | sadda / saddiya hoya | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| holy | ἅγιος | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ | pavittar | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| sanctified | ἡγιασμένον | (from) ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ | pavittarikaran | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| the elect | ἐκλεκτοί | ਚੁਣੇ ਹੋਏ ਲੋਕ | chune hoe log | High | [BASELINE REUSE root] | |
| gentiles/nations | ἔθνη | ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ | paraiyan kaumaan | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | |
| glory | δόξα | ਮਹਿਮਾ | mahima | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | Never ਜੋਤ. |
| God’s will | θέλημα θεοῦ | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਇੱਛਾ | Parmeshar di ichha | Medium | [NEW] | Distinct from impersonal fate/kismet. |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία | ਵਾਅਦਾ | vaada | Medium | [NEW] | |
| conscience | συνείδησις | ਜ਼ਮੀਰ | zameer | Low-Medium | [NEW] | |
| spiritual gift (singular) | χάρισμα | ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤ | atmik daat | High | [BASELINE REUSE root] | Ordination-context caution re: Sikh ਜੋਤ-transmission parallel. |
| love | ἀγάπη | ਪਿਆਰ | pyar | Low | [NEW] | |
| self-control / sound judgment | σωφρονισμός | ਸੰਜਮ | sanjam | Low-Medium | [NEW] | |
| truth | ἀλήθεια | ਸਚਾਈ | sachai | Medium-High | [NEW] | Opportunity-with-caution re: Sikh Sat theology. |
| bondservant of the Lord | δοῦλος Κυρίου | ਦਾਸ | das | Low-Medium | [NEW] | Positive overlap with Sikh devotional self-reference (“Nanak das”). |
| “before the ages of time” / “this present age” | αἰών | ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ / ਇਸ ਸੰਸਾਰ | samen ton pehlan / is sansaar | High | [NEW] | Avoid ਜੁੱਗ in technical/periodizing senses (Hindu yuga-cosmology risk); ਜੁਗੋ-ਜੁਗ remains acceptable only as the fixed “forever” doxological idiom (4:18). |
Summary Risk Counts (2 Timothy New + Reused Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count (approx., this glossary) |
|---|---|
| Critical | 14 |
| High | 32 |
| Medium | 28 |
| Low / Low-Medium | 20 |
Coverage confirmation: All four chapters of 2 Timothy have been analyzed. Chapter 1 (1:1–18), Chapter 2 (2:1–26), and Chapter 3 verses 1–13 and Chapter 4 verses 6–22 are covered in 07_semantic_analysis.md Part B; the core passage (2 Timothy 3:14–4:5), spanning the Chapter 3/4 boundary, is covered verse-by-verse in Part A. No chapter or verse range has been silently omitted.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: dharmikta
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਨਿਆਂ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਧਰਮ. Governs 3:16’s ‘training in righteousness’ and 4:8’s ‘crown of righteousness.’ In Punjab ਧਰਮ carries the specific Sikh martial-righteous ideal of ਧਰਮ ਯੁੱਧ, central to Khalsa identity; ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ is right standing before God, not a duty performed or struggle fought.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:9 (‘saved and called’), 3:15 (‘wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus’), and 4:18 (‘save me into his heavenly kingdom’). MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence distinguishing Christian ਮੁਕਤੀ (decisive reconciliation with a personal God through Christ) from Sikh ਮੁਕਤੀ (release from ਆਵਾਗਵਣ through Guru-mediated grace and Naam-simran). 2 Timothy’s three occurrences are unusually close together within one short letter, raising the odds a single teaching session juxtaposes all three; apply the gloss discipline every time.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ
Transliteration: punar-uthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ, ਆਵਾਗਵਣ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Christ’s own resurrection (2:8) and the false teaching that ‘the resurrection has already happened’ (2:18). The 2:18 reference must be framed as an intra-Christian over-spiritualized eschatological error, not a direct Hindu/Sikh transmigration polemic — that broader distinction belongs to the term’s general usage.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:2, 1:8, 4:8, 4:17-18. Note δεσπότης (2:21) is a distinct Greek word correctly rendered ਮਾਲਕ (‘master,’ household sense); this is not an exception to the ਮਾਲਕ prohibition, which governs κύριος only. NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ for κύριος.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout as ‘Christ Jesus’/‘Jesus Christ,’ the object of faith, the risen one, and the coming Judge.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 2 Timothy as ‘Christ Jesus’/‘Jesus Christ.’ NEVER ਈਸਾ.
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ. Governs every occurrence of θεός across the letter, including the source of Scripture’s inspiration (3:16) and grace/calling (1:9).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:14’s indwelling Spirit who guards the good deposit. Distinguish carefully from ਜੋਤ, the Sikh doctrine of a single divine light passed through the Ten Gurus into the Guru Granth Sahib; this is the personal indwelling Spirit, not lineage-transmitted light. Distinct from the ambiguous πνεῦμα (‘spirit/disposition’) of 1:7, which most translations read as a disposition rather than the Holy Spirit himself — do not let ਆਤਮਾ in that verse be confused with this entry.
Scripture
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ
Transliteration: pavittar likhtan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
Original: γραφή / ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
NEW. Governs γραφή/ἱερὰ γράμματα at 3:15-16, the core passage’s central noun. NEVER ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ: ਗ੍ਰੰਥ overwhelmingly denotes the Guru Granth Sahib in contemporary Punjab; using it would invite every mention to be heard as a rival claimant to, or implicit reference to, that specific text. The baseline doctrine-label ‘ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਨਾ’ (inspiration_of_scripture, Romans) remains an artifact/doctrine NAME only, never in-text vocabulary.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ-ਸੁਆਸਿਤ
Transliteration: Parmeshar-suasit
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
NEW — coined compound (2 Timothy 3:16, θεόπνευστος, a NT hapax legomenon). The single most load-bearing term in this curriculum. MANDATORY gloss required on every occurrence: ‘ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੇ ਸੁਆਸ ਤੋਂ ਰਚੀ ਹੋਈ’ (‘composed from the breath of God’), distinguishing this from the Sikh doctrine that the Guru Granth Sahib is the eternal, living, self-speaking Guru — Christian Scripture is a completed, God-breathed record mediated through human authors, pointing to a living Christ, not itself an ongoing revelatory voice. Must also not be flattened into a generic comparative-religion claim that every tradition’s scripture is equally inspired.
The Word
Approved rendering: ਬਚਨ
Transliteration: bachan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਬਦ
Original: λόγος (τὸν λόγον, theologically loaded singular)
Category: Doctrine
NEW — the single highest-stakes lexical decision in this curriculum (2 Timothy 4:2, τὸν λόγον, theologically loaded singular; also 2:9). NEVER ਸ਼ਬਦ, the specific Sikh theological term for the divine Word/sound-current embodied exclusively in the Guru Granth Sahib’s hymns (Shabad), the devotional means of union with Waheguru. Using ਸ਼ਬਦ here creates an unacceptable structural parallel to Gurbani-Shabad theology, comparable in severity to the baseline’s ਗੁਰੂ/ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ prohibitions. ਬਚਨ is the established Punjabi Christian rendering (used for ‘the Word’ at John 1:1). NOTE: ਸ਼ਬਦ remains acceptable ONLY for ordinary generic plural ‘words’ in non-technical contexts (see word_battles below) — never for this theologically loaded singular sense.
Deposit Entrusted Trust
Approved rendering: ਅਮਾਨਤ
Transliteration: amanat
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Transmission
NEW (παραθήκη, two referents: Paul’s own soul entrusted to God, 1:12; sound teaching entrusted to Timothy, 1:14). Anchor term for Faithful Transmission of the Gospel. ਅਮਾਨਤ is a well-understood Perso-Arabic-origin loanword shared across Punjabi religious registers; context must disambiguate which referent is active — do not let the two senses blur.
Form Of Godliness
Approved rendering: ਭਗਤੀ ਦਾ ਦਿਖਾਵਾ
Transliteration: bhagti da dikhava
Doctrine: Godliness, True and False
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 3:5, μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας). εὐσέβεια = ਭਗਤੀ, a term of deep positive resonance in Sikh and Hindu devotional traditions (loving surrender to a personal deity). This verse’s critique of an outward FORM of ਭਗਤੀ with no ਸਮਰੱਥਾ (power) behind it must be clearly framed as targeting counterfeit religiosity specifically, never as an attack on devotional practice as such.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ ਦਾ ਮੁਕਟ
Transliteration: dharmikta da mukut
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 4:8, στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης). Anchor term for Assurance of Reward. HOMOPHONY CAUTION: ਮੁਕਟ (crown) is phonetically close to ਮੁਕਤ (liberated) and ਮੁਕਤੀ (salvation), both appearing in adjacent theological territory within this same short letter. Pair with a disambiguating gloss at first occurrence (‘ਇਨਾਮ ਦਾ ਮੁਕਟ,’ ‘the crown of reward’) and flag for careful enunciation in oral/audio delivery.
Reign With Him
Approved rendering: ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਾਂਗੇ
Transliteration: us de naal raj karange
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: συμβασιλεύσομεν
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 2:12, συμβασιλεύσομεν, part of the trustworthy-saying catena 2:11-13). Built on the baseline’s ਰਾਜ root; must not be conflated with the Khalsa Raj political-sovereignty aspiration voiced in daily Ardas (‘ਰਾਜ ਕਰੇਗਾ ਖਾਲਸਾ’/Raj Karega Khalsa) — this is future eschatological co-reigning with Christ, not earthly dominion.
Remains Faithful
Approved rendering: ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ
Transliteration: vafadar rahinda hai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: πιστὸς μένει
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 2:13, πιστὸς μένει). The ground of assurance is God’s own unwavering character, not accumulated human merit — sharply distinct from the effort-based, possibly multi-lifetime Sikh mukti framework attained through Guru’s grace and accumulated Naam-simran. Reuse the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation caution.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Punjabi Christian term, “good news.” In 2 Timothy governs 1:8, 1:10, 2:8-9, 4:5’s ‘work of an evangelist.’ Must convey an authoritative announcement, not one more teaching added alongside the Guru Granth Sahib’s teachings.
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Timothy, anchors 1:9’s explicit grace-vs-works contrast (‘not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace’) and 2:1’s charge to be strengthened in grace. Every occurrence must keep the source of grace explicitly Christ-centered, not heard through Sikh ਕਿਰਪਾ/ਨਦਰ theology received via Guru-mediation and Naam-simran.
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Timothy’s ‘sincere faith’ inherited through Lois and Eunice (1:5), the faith he was ‘convinced of’ in Scripture (3:15), and the faith-thread of the 2:11-13 catena (ਨਿਹਚਾਹੀਣ ਹੋਣਾ, faithless). Not generalized devotional reverence (ਸ਼ਰਧਾ) or Sufi-idiom steadfastness (ਸਿਦਕ).
Called
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: saddiya hoya
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Original: κλητός / κληθέντες (καλέσαντος)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Timothy 1:9, governs God’s effectual call to salvation and holy service ‘not because of our works.’ Context-sensitive per the baseline’s general note.
Calling
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਾ
Transliteration: sadda
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις ἁγία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:9’s ‘holy calling’ (κλῆσις ἁγία).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: pavittarikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ
Original: ἡγιασμένον (from ἁγιάζω)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 2:21’s vessel ‘sanctified’ and useful to the master (δεσπότης, correctly rendered ਮਾਲਕ).
Sin
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 3:6’s weak people ‘weighed down with sins.’ Distinct from ਅਧਰਮ (this curriculum’s new term for ἀσέβεια, godlessness/impiety as a state).
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the closing doxology ‘to whom be glory forever and ever’ (4:18). Never ਜੋਤ.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di samratha
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (root ਸਮਰੱਥਾ). Governs 1:7-8’s ‘spirit of power,’ and 3:5’s counterfeit godliness that denies ‘its power.’ NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ.
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the letter’s greeting (1:2).
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (root shared with new term the_elect below). NEVER ਕਿਸਮਤ.
Complete Equipped
Approved rendering: ਸੰਪੂਰਨ
Transliteration: sampooran
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἄρτιος
Category: Scripture
NEW (2 Timothy 3:17, ἄρτιος). Must be understood as functional completeness/equipping for ministry and godly living, not sinless moral perfection — guard against an ascetic-perfectionist misreading given Punjab’s sadhu/sant/baba attainment vocabulary.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਮਨੁੱਖ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da manukkh
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
NEW (2 Timothy 3:17, ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος, an OT prophetic title). Must not be understood as an independent holy-man/ascetic figure with self-generated spiritual authority — a category with strong resonance in Punjab’s sadhu, sant, and baba traditions. Names any believer equipped by Scripture, not a self-attained enlightened status.
Teaching Doctrine
Approved rendering: ਸਿੱਖਿਆ
Transliteration: sikhya
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 3:16 διδασκαλία and elsewhere; also renders διδαχή, 4:2). Shares a root with ‘ਸਿੱਖ’ (Sikh, learner/disciple) — an etymological coincidence, not a doctrinal collision, but requires strict consistency of rendering across occurrences to avoid inviting unintended religious framing through varied usage.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: ਖਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ
Transliteration: khari sikhya
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 4:3 and 1:13, ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία). Anchor term for Guarding Sound Doctrine. ਨਰੋਈ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (literal ‘healthy teaching’) is an acceptable ALTERNATIVE (not rejected) preserving the health metaphor, which forms a deliberate inclusio with ਨਾਸੂਰ (‘gangrene,’ 2:17). Render consistently at every occurrence.
Teacher
Approved rendering: ਸਿੱਖਿਅਕ
Transliteration: sikhyak
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 1:11 of Paul; 4:3 of flattering false teachers; διδάσκαλος). NEVER ਗੁਰੂ, reserved exclusively in Sikhism for the Ten Gurus and the Guru Granth Sahib. Identical in kind and severity to the baseline’s apostle/ਗੁਰੂ prohibition.
Firm Foundation
Approved rendering: ਨੀਂਹ
Transliteration: neenh
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: στερεὸς θεμέλιος
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 2:19, στερεὸς θεμέλιος). God’s firm foundation stands despite individual doctrinal defections — ties Perseverance and Assurance doctrines: unshaken by human unfaithfulness, not conditional on collective religious-community stability.
Entrust
Approved rendering: ਸੌਂਪ ਦੇ
Transliteration: saump de
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: παρατίθημι (imperative παράθου)
Category: Transmission
NEW (2 Timothy 2:2, imperative παράθου). Explicit chain-of-transmission verse: Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others. Shares its root conceptually with ਅਮਾਨਤ.
Guard Keep
Approved rendering: ਰਾਖੀ ਕਰ
Transliteration: rakhi kar
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: φυλάσσω (imperative φύλαξον)
Category: Transmission
NEW (2 Timothy 1:14, imperative φύλαξον). Pairs directly with ਅਮਾਨਤ; conveys vigilant, ongoing protection, not a one-time act.
Preach
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚਾਰ ਕਰ
Transliteration: prachar kar
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰ (share), ਚਰਚਾ ਕਰ (discuss)
Original: κηρύσσω (imperative κήρυξον)
Category: Preaching
NEW (2 Timothy 4:2, imperative κήρυξον). Built on the baseline’s established ਪਰਚਾਰ (mission) root. Must retain the force of authoritative, public, entrusted herald-proclamation and never be softened into ‘share’ or ‘discuss.‘
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: ਸੇਵਾ
Transliteration: seva
Doctrine: Ministry and Gospel Service
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry
NEW (διακονία, 2 Timothy 4:5, 4:11; also 1:18). ਸੇਵਾ is central to Sikh identity as selfless communal service (langar, gurdwara duty). Risk is elevated relative to the Romans baseline’s christ_centered_ministry caution because ‘fulfilling one’s ministry’ (4:5) is a headline theme of the entire letter, and falls inside the core passage itself. Every occurrence must remain anchored as Christ-commissioned, Word-centered, gospel-proclaiming labor, not generic virtuous communal service.
Endure Suffering
Approved rendering: ਦੁੱਖ ਸਹਿ
Transliteration: dukh seh
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: κακοπαθέω / συγκακοπαθέω
Category: Suffering
NEW — thread term (κακοπαθέω / συγκακοπαθέω, occurring at 1:8, 2:3, 4:5). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at every occurrence to preserve Paul’s intentional structural repetition, forming the load-bearing thread of the Perseverance under Suffering doctrine across the whole book.
Soldier
Approved rendering: ਸਿਪਾਹੀ
Transliteration: sipahi
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης
Category: Suffering
NEW (2 Timothy 2:3-4, στρατιώτης). The metaphor is about disciplined endurance and singular loyalty (‘no soldier gets entangled in civilian affairs’), NOT physical or political militancy. Must be kept distinct from the Khalsa martial-warrior ideal and ਧਰਮ ਯੁੱਧ (‘righteous struggle’), already flagged Critical in the baseline for ‘righteousness.’ A bridging clause is required at first occurrence.
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: ਸਹਿਣਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ
Transliteration: sehanshilta
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
NEW (ὑπομονή/ὑπομένω, 2:10, 2:12, 3:10-11). Anchors the Perseverance doctrine alongside the κακοπαθέω thread; keep consistent across occurrences. Distinct from ਸਬਰ (μακροθυμία, patience toward people) — do not merge the two, since 2 Timothy uses both within a few verses of each other in places.
Last Days
Approved rendering: ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ
Transliteration: ant de dinan vich
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 3:1, ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις). Anchor term for this doctrine. Must be understood as a real, historical, linear, once-for-all period preceding Christ’s return, never folded into a cyclical end-of-Kali-Yuga popular cosmology.
Deceiving Being Deceived
Approved rendering: ਧੋਖਾ ਦੇਣਾ
Transliteration: dhoka dena
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: ਭਰਮਾਉਣਾ
Original: πλανάω
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 3:13, πλανάω). NOT ਭਰਮਾਉਣਾ, which carries Sikh/Hindu Maya-adjacent metaphysical ‘illusion’ connotations distinct from this text’s meaning — a personal, historical, moral act of misleading others, not a metaphysical property of the created order.
Truth
Approved rendering: ਸਚਾਈ
Transliteration: sachai
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Doctrine
NEW (ἀλήθεια, 2:18; 3:8; 4:4). Opportunity-with-caution: ਸਚਾਈ is built on the ਸੱਚ root carrying the deepest possible weight in Sikh theology (God as Satnam, ‘the True Name’; Truth/Sat realized experientially through Naam-simran). Must remain anchored to revealed, propositional, apostolic content, not the Sikh metaphysical Sat-framework.
Laid Up Reserved
Approved rendering: ਰੱਖਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ
Transliteration: rakhia hoya hai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀπόκειμαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 4:8, ἀπόκειμαι). The reward is already secured/reserved, not a hoped-for uncertain outcome — reinforces Assurance of Reward against an effort-based, uncertain-outcome framework.
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: ਧਰਮੀ ਨਿਆਂਕਾਰ
Transliteration: dharmi nyaankar
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Lordship of Christ
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 4:8, ὁ δίκαιος κριτής). ਧਰਮੀ reuses the root from the baseline’s justification compound (ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ); ਨਿਆਂਕਾਰ is built on the established ਨਿਆਂ root. Connects to 4:1’s judgment of the living and the dead.
Judge Living Dead
Approved rendering: ਜੀਉਂਦਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਰਦਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਨਿਆਂ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: ji’undian ate murdian da nyaan karna
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Lordship of Christ
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 4:1, κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς). Must be understood as personal judgment rendered by Christ himself, never an impersonal karmic cause-and-effect process.
Faithless Deny
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾਹੀਣ ਹੋਣਾ / ਇਨਕਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: nihcha-heen hona / inkar karna
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀπιστέω / ἀρνέομαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 2:12-13, ἀπιστέω / ἀρνέομαι, part of the 2:11-13 catena). Built on the ਨਿਹਚਾ root; the converse of the Romans 10:9 Lordship confession already established in the baseline.
Appearing
Approved rendering: ਪਰਗਟਾਵਾ
Transliteration: pargatava
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਅਵਤਾਰ
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
NEW (ἐπιφάνεια, 1:10 first coming; 4:1, 4:8 future Second Coming). NEVER ਅਵਤਾਰ. Because the same Greek word covers both events, supply contextual qualifiers (e.g., ‘ਪਹਿਲਾ ਪਰਗਟਾਵਾ’ for the first coming) so readers do not collapse the two into a single repeatable avatar-descent pattern.
Incorruption
Approved rendering: ਅਵਿਨਾਸ਼ਤਾ
Transliteration: avinashta
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਅਮਰਤਾ
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Christology
NEW (2 Timothy 1:10, ἀφθαρσία). NOT ਅਮਰਤਾ (‘immortality’), which carries connotations of the soul’s continuous existence through the Hindu rebirth cycle. ਅਵਿਨਾਸ਼ਤਾ (‘indestructibility/imperishability’) keeps this tied to the resurrected body’s imperishable state, consistent with ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ rather than ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ.
Age Eon
Approved rendering: ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ / ਇਸ ਸੰਸਾਰ (ਪ੍ਰਸੰਗ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ)
Transliteration: samen ton pehlan / is sansaar (context-dependent)
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: ਜੁੱਗ (technical/periodizing sense)
Original: αἰών
Category: Eschatology
NEW (αἰών, 1:9 ‘before the ages began’; 4:10 ‘this present age,’ of Demas). AVOID ਜੁੱਗ in these technical/periodizing senses — ਜੁੱਗ is the exact Hindu cosmological term for one of the four cyclical cosmic ages (Satya Yuga, Kali Yuga, etc.); using it risks importing cyclical yuga-cosmology into a text asserting a single, linear, unrepeated divine purpose. ਜੁਗੋ-ਜੁਗ remains acceptable ONLY as the fixed doxological ‘forever’ idiom (see doxology_forever below) — never for these technical era references.
Godliness Piety
Approved rendering: ਭਗਤੀ
Transliteration: bhagti
Doctrine: Godliness, True and False
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Doctrine
NEW (εὐσέβεια, 3:5, 3:12). Treat with the same anchoring discipline the baseline applies to ਕਿਰਪਾ: ਭਗਤੀ carries deep positive resonance across Sikh and Hindu devotional traditions and this genuine overlap should not be discarded, but every occurrence describing TRUE godliness must anchor its source and power explicitly in the Holy Spirit through Christ.
Spiritual Gift Singular
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤ
Transliteration: atmik daat
Doctrine: Ministry and Gospel Service
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
NEW (2 Timothy 1:6, χάρισμα, given via the laying on of Paul’s hands). Caution: must not be framed as a mystical transfer of divine essence analogous to the Sikh doctrine of ਜੋਤ (the single divine light passed sequentially through the lineage of the Ten Gurus). This is impartation through prayer and blessing in a ministry commissioning, not a lineage transmission of spiritual substance.
The Elect
Approved rendering: ਚੁਣੇ ਹੋਏ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: chune hoe log
Doctrine: Grace and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
NEW (2 Timothy 2:10, ἐκλεκτός, ‘for the sake of the elect’). Built on the baseline’s ਚੋਣ (election) root; God’s sovereign, personal choice, never ਕਿਸਮਤ.
Vessel Honor Dishonor
Approved rendering: ਭਾਂਡਾ
Transliteration: bhanda
Doctrine: Godliness, True and False
Original: σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν / ἀτιμίαν
Category: Church
NEW (2 Timothy 2:20-21, σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν/ἀτιμίαν). ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ (sanctification) is reused from the baseline for ἡγιασμένον within this same verse cluster; δεσπότης here is correctly ਮਾਲਕ (see master_despotes) — this does not violate the baseline’s κύριος-only restriction.
Fight Good Fight Triad
Approved rendering: ਲੜਾਈ ਲੜੀ, ਦੌੜ ਪੂਰੀ ਕੀਤੀ, ਨਿਹਚਾ ਸਾਂਭ ਕੇ ਰੱਖੀ
Transliteration: ladhai ladi, daud puri kiti, nihcha sambh ke rakhi
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
NEW (2 Timothy 4:7, ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι / δρόμον τετέλεκα / πίστιν τετήρηκα). Famous farewell triad anchoring both Perseverance and Assurance of Reward; render consistently given likely wide quotation across teaching materials.
Repay According To Deeds
Approved rendering: ਕੰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਬਦਲਾ ਦੇਵੇਗਾ
Transliteration: kammaan de anusaar badla devega
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
NEW (2 Timothy 4:14, of Alexander the coppersmith, ἀποδώσει κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ). THEOLOGICAL CARE FLAG: this is temporal/eschatological recompense for harm done, not a salvation-by-works statement; must not be allowed to blur with the justification-by-faith doctrine established elsewhere (ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ, baseline imputed_righteousness).
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Paul’s self-designation (1:1, 1:11) alongside ਪਰਚਾਰਕ (preacher) and ਸਿੱਖਿਅਕ (teacher) in his threefold office. NEVER ਗੁਰੂ.
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:9’s ‘holy calling’ and 1:14’s Holy Spirit who dwells within. Comparatively low-risk; genuine overlap with Sikh liturgical purity vocabulary, not a collision.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Raj
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία (τοῦ Θεοῦ / ἐπουράνιος)
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package (root ਰਾਜ). Governs 4:1’s kingdom by which Christ will judge and 4:18’s ‘heavenly kingdom’ (ਸਵਰਗੀ ਰਾਜ). Khalsa Raj political-sovereignty caution applies with equal force here.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ
Transliteration: paraiyan kaumaan
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 4:17’s ‘all the Gentiles/nations might hear.’ Ensure generic ‘nations/peoples’ sense, not a specific qaum-identity reference.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ
Transliteration: Daud di ans
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 2:8’s gospel summary.
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Governs the letter’s tripartite greeting (1:2, with ਕਿਰਪਾ and ਦਯਾ). Distinct from ਸਹਿਜ.
Mission
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚਾਰ
Transliteration: prachar
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package. Root reused for this curriculum’s new term ‘preach’ (ਪਰਚਾਰ ਕਰ, κηρύσσω, 4:2) and ‘evangelist’ (ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ ਦਾ ਪਰਚਾਰਕ, 4:5).
Reproof
Approved rendering: ਦੋਸ਼ ਦਾ ਪਰਦਾਫਾਸ਼
Transliteration: dosh da pardafash
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐλεγμός
Category: Scripture
NEW (2 Timothy 3:16, ἐλεγμός, noun form). Distinct grammatical entry from the imperative verb ἔλεγξον at 4:2 (see reprove_imperative); keep both renderings consistent in corrective force.
Correction
Approved rendering: ਸੁਧਾਰ
Transliteration: sudhar
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Scripture
NEW (2 Timothy 3:16, ἐπανόρθωσις). Keep distinct in force from ਦੋਸ਼ ਦਾ ਪਰਦਾਫਾਸ਼ (reproof).
Training Discipline
Approved rendering: ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ
Transliteration: anushasan
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: παιδεία
Category: Scripture
NEW (2 Timothy 3:16, παιδεία). Neutral, widely used Punjabi term; no significant syncretism risk.
Word Battles
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਝਗੜਾ
Transliteration: shabdan bare jhagra
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: λογομαχία
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 2:14, λογομαχία). ਸ਼ਬਦ is ACCEPTABLE here because λόγος is used generically (plural, non-technical ‘words’). Does not reopen the ਸ਼ਬਦ prohibition on the theologically loaded singular ‘the Word’ (see the_word) — translators must keep the two senses distinct.
Gangrene Metaphor
Approved rendering: ਨਾਸੂਰ
Transliteration: nasoor
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 2:17, γάγγραινα). Preserve the deliberate health/disease inclusio with ਖਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (sound_doctrine, 4:3) across the letter.
Approved Disqualified
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਵਾਨਿਤ / ਅਪ੍ਰਵਾਨਿਤ
Transliteration: pravanit / apravanit
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: δόκιμος / ἀδόκιμος
Category: Doctrine
NEW (δόκιμος 2:15 / ἀδόκιμος 3:8). Deliberate structural contrast pair; render with a consistent shared root so the echo between the two passages is preserved for the reader.
Godlessness
Approved rendering: ਅਧਰਮ
Transliteration: adharam
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Doctrine
NEW (ἀσέβεια). Use cautiously as a general state of impiety, kept distinct from ਪਾਪ (baseline ‘sin,’ a specific transgression) and never confused with the Critical-risk ਧਰਮ/ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ zone.
Myth Fable
Approved rendering: ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ / ਗੱਪਾਂ
Transliteration: kahaniyan / gappan
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: ਮਿਥਿਹਾਸ
Original: μῦθος
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 4:4, μῦθος). Avoid ਮਿਥਿਹਾਸ, the standard modern Punjabi loanword for ‘mythology,’ which specifically and prominently denotes Hindu Puranic mythology in South Asian usage; using it would wrongly suggest the text singles out Hindu sacred literature (Paul’s referent is contemporary Jewish/proto-Gnostic speculative fable).
Seal
Approved rendering: ਮੋਹਰ
Transliteration: mohar
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 2:19, σφραγίς). Neutral, widely understood Punjabi term for an authenticating seal; low collision risk.
Faithful Men
Approved rendering: ਵਫ਼ਾਦਾਰ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: vafadar log
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις
Category: Transmission
NEW (2 Timothy 2:2, πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις). Built on the ਨਿਹਚਾ/faithfulness root; keep consistent with other faith-root renderings.
Reprove Imperative
Approved rendering: ਦੋਸ਼ ਦਿਖਾ
Transliteration: dosh dikha
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐλέγχω (imperative ἔλεγξον)
Category: Preaching
NEW (2 Timothy 4:2, imperative ἔλεγξον). Distinct grammatical form from the noun ἐλεγμός (reproof, 3:16); keep both anchored to the same corrective sense.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: ਸਖ਼ਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਚਿਤਾਵਨੀ ਦੇ
Transliteration: sakhti naal chitavani de
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐπιτιμάω (imperative ἐπιτίμησον)
Category: Preaching
NEW (2 Timothy 4:2, imperative ἐπιτίμησον). Stronger corrective than ਦੋਸ਼ ਦਿਖਾ (reprove); keep the two distinct in force.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ ਦਾ ਪਰਚਾਰਕ
Transliteration: khushkhabri da pracharak
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Preaching
NEW (2 Timothy 4:5, εὐαγγελιστής). Built on the baseline’s ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ (gospel) root; no independent syncretism risk beyond that already documented for gospel.
Athlete Farmer Metaphors
Approved rendering: ਖਿਡਾਰੀ / ਕਿਸਾਨ
Transliteration: khidari / kisan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
NEW (2 Timothy 2:5, ἀθλέω νομίμως, ‘compete according to the rules’; 2:6, γεωργός, ‘hard-working farmer’). No collision risk; ordinary Punjabi vocabulary. Note the athletic crowning verb (στεφανοῦται) shares the ਮੁਕਟ/ਮੁਕਤੀ homophony caution documented under crowned_athletic below.
Rescued Delivered
Approved rendering: ਛੁਡਾਇਆ
Transliteration: chhudaya
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Suffering
NEW — thread term (ῥύομαι, 3:11 and 4:17-18). Render consistently at both occurrences to preserve the deliberate echo.
Lord Stood By Strengthened
Approved rendering: ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਖੜ੍ਹਾ ਰਿਹਾ / ਸਮਰੱਥ ਬਣਾਇਆ
Transliteration: mere naal khadha reha / samrath banaya
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
NEW (2 Timothy 4:17, παρίστημι / ἐνδυναμόω). Reuses the ਸਮਰੱਥਾ root (baseline power_of_god). Divine sustaining presence during trial.
Perilous Times
Approved rendering: ਔਖੇ ਸਮੇਂ
Transliteration: aukhe samen
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: καιροὶ χαλεποί
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 3:1, καιροὶ χαλεποί). No independent syncretism risk beyond the ‘last days’ framing it modifies.
Devil Snare
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ / ਫੰਦਾ
Transliteration: shaitan / phanda
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: διάβολος / παγίς
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 2:26, διάβολος / παγίς). ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ is an established Perso-Arabic-origin term used in Punjabi Christian and Muslim contexts for a personal fallen spiritual being; risk here is conceptual clarity for readers unfamiliar with a personal-devil category, not syncretism (Sikh/Hindu frameworks lack a close structural equivalent).
Impostors
Approved rendering: ਠੱਗ
Transliteration: thagg
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόης
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 3:13, γόης). Vivid Punjabi word with strong historical association with the colonial-era ‘Thuggee’ phenomenon; flag for native-speaker review to confirm the connotation lands as ‘religious charlatan’ rather than triggering an unrelated historical reference.
Repentance
Approved rendering: ਤੋਬਾ
Transliteration: toba
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 2:25, μετάνοια). ਤੋਬਾ is a Perso-Arabic-origin term shared across Punjabi Islamic and Christian usage for turning from sin to God — a bridge term parallel in status to ਰਸੂਲ/ਨਬੀ.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: ਸਚਾਈ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ
Transliteration: sachai da gyan
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Doctrine
NEW (2 Timothy 2:25, 3:7, ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας). ਗਿਆਨ carries Sikh Gurmat-gyan (spiritual knowledge attained through the Guru’s teaching and meditation) resonance; keep anchored to apostolic/scriptural revelation, not meditative attainment.
Vice Catalogue
Approved rendering: ਆਪ-ਸੁਆਰਥੀ, ਲੋਭੀ, ਸ਼ੇਖੀਬਾਜ਼, ਹੰਕਾਰੀ, ਨਿੰਦਿਆ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ, ਆਦਿ
Transliteration: aap-suarthi, lobhi, shekhibaz, hankari, nindia karan vale, aadi
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: ਕੁਫ਼ਰ (for βλάσφημοι specifically)
Original: φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες, ὑπερήφανοι, βλάσφημοι, and others (2 Timothy 3:2-4)
Category: Apostasy
NEW (2 Timothy 3:2-4, nineteen-term catalogue). Individually low-to-medium risk, cumulatively High as a totalizing description of the last days. ਲੋਭੀ/ਹੰਕਾਰੀ intersect positively with the Sikh Panj Vikar (‘Five Thieves’) ethical vocabulary — a usable bridge with care. Prefer ਨਿੰਦਿਆ/ਬਦਗੋਈ over ਕੁਫ਼ਰ for βλάσφημοι, avoiding the specific Islamic legal connotation of ਕੁਫ਼ਰ.
Crowned Athletic
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਟ ਪਹਿਨਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ
Transliteration: mukut pahinaya janda hai
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: στεφανοῦται
Category: Eschatology
NEW (2 Timothy 2:5, στεφανοῦται). Same ਮੁਕਟ/ਮੁਕਤੀ homophony caution as crown_of_righteousness applies here.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: ਮਾਲਕ
Transliteration: malak
Doctrine: Godliness, True and False
Original: δεσπότης
Category: God
NEW (2 Timothy 2:21, δεσπότης, household master/owner). A DISTINCT Greek word from κύριος (‘Lord’). ਮਾਲਕ is the correct household-master rendering here specifically and does NOT violate the baseline’s restriction against ਮਾਲਕ as a substitute for κύριος, which governs a different lexeme reserved for Christ’s exclusive supreme Lordship.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ਦਯਾ
Transliteration: daya
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW (ἔλεος, part of the tripartite greeting 1:2; also 1:16, 1:18 re: Onesiphorus’s household). A genuine bridge term — a core South Asian ethical virtue across Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist thought — but must be explicitly anchored as flowing from God’s character revealed in Christ, following the same anchoring strategy the baseline applies to ਕਿਰਪਾ.
Gods Will
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਇੱਛਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di ichha
Doctrine: Grace and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: θέλημα θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW (2 Timothy 1:1, θέλημα θεοῦ). Distinguish from impersonal fate/kismet; reuse the baseline’s election/providence caution.
Promise
Approved rendering: ਵਾਅਦਾ
Transliteration: vaada
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
NEW (2 Timothy 1:1, ἐπαγγελία, ‘the promise of life that is in Christ Jesus’). Connects to covenant-promise vocabulary already established for David/covenant in the baseline.
Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: ਸਵਰਗੀ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: savargi raj
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Lordship of Christ
NEW (2 Timothy 4:18, βασιλεία ἐπουράνιος). Built on the baseline’s ਰਾਜ root; ਸਵਰਗ (heaven) is a widely shared, comparatively low-risk general South Asian religious term. Khalsa Raj political-sovereignty caution still applies via the ਰਾਜ root.
Drink Offering
Approved rendering: ਡੋਲ੍ਹਿਆ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ
Transliteration: dholhia ja reha haan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
NEW (2 Timothy 4:6, σπένδομαι, ‘I am being poured out’). Sacrificial cultic image (OT/Greco-Roman drink-offering practice), distinct from any ritual water/libation offering familiar in Hindu/Sikh practice — a cultural note, not a doctrinal collision.
Doxology Forever
Approved rendering: ਜੁਗੋ-ਜੁਗ
Transliteration: jugo-jug
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Lordship of Christ
NEW (2 Timothy 4:18, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων, ‘forever and ever’). IDIOM-VS-TECHNICAL-TERM DISTINCTION: as a fixed doxological idiom meaning simply ‘forever’ (a natural, widely used Punjabi blessing formula, e.g. ‘jug jug jio’), ਜੁਗੋ-ਜੁਗ is safe and idiomatic here — unlike the technical, singular/periodizing uses of ਜੁੱਗ flagged as High risk at age_eon above (1:9; 4:10). Keep the distinction clear: fixed doxological idiom = Medium; technical age/era reference = avoid ਜੁੱਗ entirely.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 2:8’s ‘descended from David.‘
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
Transliteration: dhanvad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / χάριν ἔχω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 1:3’s ‘I thank God.‘
Exhort
Approved rendering: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: utshahit karna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω (imperative παρακάλεσον)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Governs 4:2’s fourfold charge (encouragement sense active).
Profitable
Approved rendering: ਲਾਭਦਾਇਕ
Transliteration: labhdayak
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὠφέλιμος
Category: Scripture
NEW (2 Timothy 3:16, ὠφέλιμος). Standard vocabulary; no significant doctrinal risk.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: ਸੁਚੇਤ ਰਹੁ
Transliteration: suchet rahu
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: νήφω (imperative νῆφε)
Category: Suffering
NEW (2 Timothy 4:5, imperative νῆφε). Shares a root with ἀνανήφω (2:26, ‘come to their senses’); low collision risk.
Conscience
Approved rendering: ਜ਼ਮੀਰ
Transliteration: zameer
Doctrine: Genuine Faith and Household Discipleship
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Faith
NEW (2 Timothy 1:3, συνείδησις). Neutral, cross-religious Punjabi word for conscience; no significant doctrinal risk.
Love
Approved rendering: ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: pyar
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW (ἀγάπη, part of the virtue quartet 2:22 and the Spirit’s gift 1:7). Standard Punjabi word for love; low risk on its own, though it accompanies Critical/High terms in some clusters.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ਸੰਜਮ
Transliteration: sanjam
Doctrine: Grace and Divine Calling
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Faith
NEW (2 Timothy 1:7, σωφρονισμός, contrasted with a spirit of fear). No significant syncretism risk.
Bondservant
Approved rendering: ਦਾਸ
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Ministry and Gospel Service
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
NEW (2 Timothy 2:24, δοῦλος). Opportunity note: ਦਾਸ is also extensively used in Sikh devotional vocabulary (e.g. Guru Nanak’s self-reference as ‘Nanak das’) for a devotee’s humble self-identification before God — a genuine positive overlap similar to ਸੰਗਤ, provided the object (‘of the Lord,’ i.e. Christ) remains explicit.
Departure Euphemism
Approved rendering: ਮੇਰੇ ਕੂਚ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ
Transliteration: mere kooch da samaan
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
NEW (2 Timothy 4:6, ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου, ‘the time of my departure’). Natural Punjabi euphemism for death via journey-language (ਕੂਚ); no collision risk.
Paul
Approved rendering: ਪੌਲੁਸ
Transliteration: Paulus
Doctrine: Apostleship
NEW — proper name, established Punjabi Bible form (letter’s author, 1:1).
Timothy
Approved rendering: ਤਿਮੋਥਿਉਸ
Transliteration: Timothius
Doctrine: Genuine Faith and Household Discipleship
NEW — proper name, established Punjabi Bible form (the letter’s recipient, 1:2; ‘my beloved child’).
Referenced passages