Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter — English → Punjabi
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across all three chapters of 2 Peter, including the core passage (1:16–21). It is organized into two sections:
- Section A — Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.json. These MUST be reused exactly with no deviation; only the specific 2 Peter passages where they recur are noted. - Section B — New terms introduced by 2 Peter’s distinctive vocabulary, organized by risk tier (Critical → High → Medium → Low), each with full translation-risk detail for Phase 2 translation memory intake.
All Punjabi renderings are in Gurmukhi script, formal register, consistent with the baseline’s established Punjabi Bible Society conventions.
Section A — Reused Terms from Baseline Romans Translation Memory (MUST reuse exactly)
| Term | Punjabi Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 2 Peter Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| apostle | ਰਸੂਲ | High | 1:1, 3:2 |
| faith | ਨਿਹਚਾ | High | 1:1, 1:5 |
| righteousness | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ | Critical | 1:1, 2:5, 2:21, 3:13 |
| grace | ਕਿਰਪਾ | High | 1:2, 3:18 |
| peace | ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ | Medium | 1:2, 3:14 |
| glory | ਮਹਿਮਾ | High | 1:3, 1:17, 3:18 |
| calling (noun) | ਸੱਦਾ | High | 1:10 |
| election | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ | High | 1:10 |
| kingdom of God (concept, adapted “eternal kingdom”) | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ family | Medium | 1:11 |
| sin | ਪਾਪ | High | 2:4 |
| holy | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ | Medium | 1:18, 2:21, 3:2, 3:11 |
| holy spirit | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Critical | 1:21 |
| lord | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Critical | 1:16, 1:17, 3:2, 3:8, 3:9, 3:10, 3:15, 3:18 |
| son of god / sonship framework | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ / ਪਿਆਰਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | 1:17 |
| father | ਪਿਤਾ | Critical | 1:17 |
| jesus | ਯਿਸੂ | Critical | throughout |
| christ/messiah | ਮਸੀਹ | Critical | throughout |
| god | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Critical | throughout |
| salvation | ਮੁਕਤੀ (mandatory Sikh/Christian distinction gloss on every load-bearing occurrence) | Critical | 3:15 |
| prophet | ਨਬੀ | Low | 1:19 (compound), 1:21, 2:1, 2:16, 3:2 |
| prophecy | ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ | Low | 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, 3:2 |
| power of God (extended to Christ’s power) | ਸਮਰੱਥਾ (never ਸ਼ਕਤੀ) | High | 1:3, 1:16 |
| david (proper name form, cited for consistency though not occurring in 2 Peter) | ਦਾਊਦ | — | (not present in 2 Peter; listed for cross-curriculum consistency only) |
| paul (proper name) | ਪੌਲੁਸ | — | 3:15 |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Peter
B.1 — Critical Risk
| Term (Eng) | Original (Gk) | Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Doctrine | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scripture(s) | γραφή / γραφαί | graphē / graphai | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲਿਖਤ / ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | ਗ੍ਰੰਥ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ | NEVER use ਗ੍ਰੰਥ/ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ. These terms denote a sacred bound scripture-volume in Sikh usage, above all the Guru Granth Sahib (whose title itself contains “ਗ੍ਰੰਥ”), understood as the eternal, living, enthroned Guru. Using them for the Bible implies parallel status to a living scripture-Guru — a severe, newly surfaced category collision for this curriculum, given 2 Peter’s sustained doctrinal weight on Scripture (1:20; 3:16). |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ | Deity of Christ / Salvation | ਬਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ (too generic) | Applied to Jesus 5 times in this short letter (1:1, 1:11, 3:2, 3:18; implicit 2:20). Inherits and intensifies the baseline’s mandatory ਮੁਕਤੀ Sikh/Christian distinction gloss: every ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ occurrence must make explicit that Jesus alone, decisively, gives salvation — not through Guru-mediated grace or Naam-simran. |
| ”Our God and Savior” (Granville Sharp construction) | Θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος | Theou hēmōn kai Sōtēros | ਸਾਡਾ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ (ਯਿਸੂ ਮਸੀਹ) | Deity of Christ | phrasing that splits Jesus and “God” into two referents | Grammatically identifies Jesus as fully God. Punjabi syntax must not allow a reading of two separate figures (“God, and also the Savior Jesus”); the single-identity claim must be unmistakable. |
| divine nature (partakers of) | θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως | theias koinōnoi physeōs | ਈਸ਼ਵਰੀ ਸੁਭਾਅ ਦੇ ਸਾਂਝੀ | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | ਬ੍ਰਹਮ ਸੁਭਾਅ, ਪਰਮਾਤਮਾ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਹੋਣਾ | Single highest-risk phrase in this curriculum. Collides with (1) Advaita Vedanta atman-Brahman identity doctrine and (2) Sikh ਜੋਤ doctrine of indwelling/mergeable divine light. Mandatory theological bridge note required on every occurrence: moral-relational transformation in God’s character, not ontological fusion or becoming divine; believer remains creature, never Creator. |
| coming / Second Coming | παρουσία | parousia | ਆਗਮਨ (ਦੂਜਾ ਆਗਮਨ) | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | ਵਾਪਸੀ (too weak), ਪਰਗਟ ਹੋਣਾ (alone, insufficient) | Central term for the doctrine. Must carry full weight of Christ’s personal, glorious, judging return; guard against assimilation into Hindu avatar-succession expectation (e.g. a future Kalki avatar as one more cyclical descent). New Critical term for translation memory. |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα Κυρίου | hēmera Kyriou | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | ਅੰਤ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ (alone, loses “of the Lord” ownership) | Central eschatological term; preserve exclusive ownership by Christ/God, not a generic impersonal “judgment day.” |
| new heavens and new earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν | kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn | ਨਵਾਂ ਅਕਾਸ਼ ਅਤੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਧਰਤੀ | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | (none directly, but must avoid framing as one more turn of a dissolution-recreation cycle) | Final, permanent renewal — not a repeatable cyclical re-creation following pralaya-style dissolution. |
| false teachers | ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι | pseudodidaskaloi | ਝੂਠੇ ਉਪਦੇਸ਼ਕ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | ਝੂਠੇ ਗੁਰੂ | NEVER use ਗੁਰੂ, even pejoratively. Doing so would validate ਗੁਰੂ as a legitimate general category for religious teachers (merely qualified as true/false), undermining the baseline’s absolute prohibition of ਗੁਰੂ for any Christian teaching office. |
| destructive heresies | αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας | haireseis apōleias | ਵਿਨਾਸ਼ਕਾਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆਵਾਂ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਪੰਥ, ਪੰਥ | NEVER use ਪੰਥ. This is the specific term for a Sikh religious community/path (esp. the Khalsa Panth); using it for “heresy” would gravely misapply a term of communal religious identity to a pejorative theological category. |
| grow in grace and knowledge (capstone verse, 3:18) | αὐξάνετε ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει… | auxanete en chariti kai gnōsei | ਸਾਡੇ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ ਯਿਸੂ ਮਸੀਹ ਦੀ ਕਿਰਪਾ ਅਤੇ ਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਧਦੇ ਜਾਓ | Growing in Christian Virtue | — | Capstone verse of the whole book; fix this rendering once and reuse identically across every document in this curriculum, per the baseline’s precedent for Romans 1:16–17, 8:28, 10:9–10. |
| regard God’s patience as salvation | μακροθυμίαν σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε | makrothymian sōtērian hēgeisthe | ਸਾਡੇ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦੇ ਧੀਰਜ ਨੂੰ ਮੁਕਤੀ ਸਮਝੋ | Patience of God’s Timing / Salvation | — | Directly links two doctrines; ਮੁਕਤੀ here is load-bearing and requires the mandatory gloss. |
B.2 — High Risk
| Term (Eng) | Original (Gk) | Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Doctrine | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| knowledge / full knowledge | γνῶσις / ἐπίγνωσις | gnōsis / epignōsis | ਗਿਆਨ / ਸਹੀ ਗਿਆਨ (ਪੂਰਾ ਗਿਆਨ) | Growing in Christian Virtue; Divine Nature | ਸੂਝ (too weak), ਗਿਆਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤੀ (implies self-attainment) | ਗਿਆਨ is the central term of Hindu/Sikh spiritual enlightenment (jnana-marga), typically self- or Guru-attained. Must be anchored as relational, revealed knowledge of God through Christ, received and grown by grace — appears 6+ times through the book, one of its most load-bearing terms. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | ਭਗਤੀ (often qualified: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਭਗਤੀ) | Growing in Christian Virtue | ਧਰਮਪਰਾਇਣਤਾ (too close to forbidden ਧਰਮ root) | ਭਗਤੀ is the central term of the pan-Indian Bhakti devotional tradition, often one path (bhakti-marga) among several toward liberation. Must be anchored as Spirit-produced fruit of relationship with the true God, not a generic devotional path. |
| ungodliness | ἀσέβεια | asebeia | ਅਭਗਤੀ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | ਅਧਰਮ (already rejected for “sin” in baseline) | Constructed as the direct antonym of ਭਗਤੀ for consistent doctrinal contrast; keep pairing consistent throughout curriculum. |
| more sure (of the prophetic word) | βεβαιότερον | bebaioteron | ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਪੱਕਾ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | — | Objective, evidentiary certainty — not subjective devotional confidence. Anchors the book’s core doctrine on Scripture’s reliability. |
| one’s own interpretation | ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως | idias epilyseōs | ਆਪਣੀ ਹੀ ਵਿਆਖਿਆ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | — | Concerns Scripture’s divine origin, not merely later readers’ interpretive latitude — preserve this distinction. |
| carried along by the Holy Spirit | ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι | hypo Pneumatos Hagiou pheromenoi | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਨਾ ਨਾਲ ਲਿਜਾਏ ਗਏ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | (mechanical dictation or trance-possession framing) | Definitional verse for verbal, plenary inspiration. Avoid both (1) reducing this to ordinary devotional/poetic inspiration and (2) a spirit-possession/trance model familiar from regional folk-Sufi practice; the Spirit superintends without erasing human authorship. |
| spoke from God | ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ | elalēsan apo Theou | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਬੋਲੇ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | — | Companion term to the above; true human speakers, ultimate divine source/authority. |
| Majestic Glory (title for the Father) | ἡ μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα | hē megaloprepēs doxa | ਪਰਾਕ੍ਰਮੀ ਮਹਿਮਾ | Deity of Christ / Sonship of Christ | (any phrasing suggestive of a separate radiance-being) | A reverential title standing for God the Father; must not be assimilated to Sikh ਜੋਤ doctrine of transmitted divine light. |
| divine power | θεία δύναμις | theia dynamis | ਈਸ਼ਵਰੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | ਦੈਵੀ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ | ਦੈਵੀ (from ਦੇਵ, “a god” among many) risks polytheistic reading; ਈਸ਼ਵਰੀ preferred, still anchor to ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ. |
| Master (who bought them) | δεσπότης | despotēs | ਮਾਲਕ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | (conflating with ਪ੍ਰਭੂ) | Distinct Greek term from κύριος; legitimately rendered ਮਾਲਕ here to capture the ownership/purchased-servant sense (2:1), without conflicting with the baseline’s separate ruling on κύριος. |
| false prophets | ψευδοπροφῆται | pseudoprophētai | ਝੂਠੇ ਨਬੀ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | — | Culturally resonant with contemporary Punjab’s dera/godman exploitation phenomena; use with sober, non-inflammatory framing. |
| day of judgment / judgment | ἡμέρα κρίσεως / κρίμα / κρίσις | hēmera kriseōs / krima / krisis | ਨਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ / ਨਿਆਂ | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | ਧਰਮ-based constructions | ਨਿਆਂ does not overlap with the forbidden ਧਰਮ root; free to use for “judgment/justice” as a distinct concept. |
| cast into Tartarus / hell (of fallen angels) | ταρταρόω | tartaroō | ਨਰਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੁੱਟਣਾ | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | — | ਨਰਕ in Hindu/Sikh cosmology usually denotes a temporary purgatorial realm within the rebirth cycle; here it denotes confinement under divine judgment awaiting final reckoning, not a karmic way-station. Requires a clarifying note wherever used. |
| holy commandment / commandment (of the Lord) | ἁγία ἐντολή / ἐντολή | hagia entolē / entolē | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਗਿਆ / ਆਗਿਆ | False Teachers; Reliability of Scripture | ਹੁਕਮ, ਹੁਕਮਨਾਮਾ | NEVER use ਹੁਕਮ. Reuses the baseline’s caution that ਹੁਕਮ is the specific Sikh liturgical term for Waheguru’s impersonal Divine Order; too liturgically specific for a personal, particular divine/apostolic instruction. |
| patience / longsuffering (of the Lord) | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | ਧੀਰਜ | Patience of God’s Timing | ਸਬਰ (too close to Sikh submission-virtue without redemptive aim) | Must convey purposive, relational patience aimed at repentance/salvation, not passive delay or fatalistic endurance. |
| the way of righteousness (having known) | ἐπιγνόντας τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης | epignontas tēn hodon tēs dikaiosynēs | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ ਦਾ ਰਾਹ ਜਾਣ ਲੈਣਾ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | — | Combines ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ (reused) with ਗਿਆਨ-family caution above; apostasy after full knowledge is the point. |
| elements (of the universe) | στοιχεῖα | stoicheia | ਤੱਤ | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | — | ਤੱਤ is the standard term for the five classical elements (pancha-tattva) in Hindu/Sikh natural philosophy; clarify this refers to the physical universe’s constituents being dissolved by judgment, not an endorsement of that cosmological schema. |
| creation | κτίσις | ktisis | ਰਚਨਾ | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | ਸ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ | ਸ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ implies the Hindu cyclical creation–preservation–dissolution (srishti-sthiti-pralaya) pattern; ਰਚਨਾ is safer, denoting simply “that which is made.” |
| righteousness dwells / way of righteousness | δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ | dikaiosynē katoikei | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ ਵੱਸਦੀ ਹੈ | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | — | Reuse ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ exactly. |
| holy conduct and godliness | ἁγίαις ἀναστροφαῖς καὶ εὐσεβείαις | hagiais anastrophais kai eusebeiais | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਚਾਲ-ਚਲਣ ਅਤੇ ਭਗਤੀ | Growing in Christian Virtue | — | Combines two reused/established terms; ਭਗਤੀ retains its High-risk qualification requirement. |
B.3 — Medium Risk
| Term (Eng) | Original (Gk) | Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant/slave (self-designation) | δοῦλος | doulos | ਦਾਸ | (introductory self-identification) | Positive Bhakti/Sikh devotional resonance (“Nanak das”) is a genuine point of contact but must retain the stronger NT sense of total, purchased belonging to Christ. |
| slaves (of corruption, negative) | δοῦλοι (τῆς φθορᾶς) | douloi (tēs phthoras) | ਗੁਲਾਮ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Context-sensitive rendering pair with the positive ਦਾਸ above — same underlying Greek word, opposite connotation depending on context. |
| virtue / excellence | ἀρετή | aretē | ਨੇਕੀ / ਸਦਗੁਣ | Growing in Christian Virtue | Avoid bare ਗੁਣ (Gurbani’s term for God’s recitable attributes); use the compound or ਨੇਕੀ to isolate the ethical-character sense. |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια | egkrateia | ਸੰਜਮ | Growing in Christian Virtue | Spirit-enabled self-mastery, not self-achieved ascetic tapasya for merit. |
| brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | ਭਾਈਚਾਰਕ ਪਿਆਰ | Growing in Christian Virtue | Clarify as love within the Christian ਮੰਡਲੀ, distinct from Khalsa-brotherhood/qaum-panth solidarity. |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | ਪਿਆਰ | Growing in Christian Virtue | Standard, capstone virtue of the chain. |
| eyewitnesses | ἐπόπτης | epoptēs | ਅੱਖੀਂ ਡਿੱਠੇ ਗਵਾਹ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | Keep as plain historical eyewitness testimony, not mystical/yogic higher perception. |
| majesty | μεγαλειότης | megaleiotēs | ਮਹਾਨਤਾ | Certainty of Christ’s Return | Avoid ਪ੍ਰਤਾਪ (worldly royal/martial glory connotation in Punjabi literature). |
| cleverly devised myths | σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις | sesophismenois mythois | ਮਨਘੜਤ ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | Avoid ਕਥਾ (honored sacred-narrative genre in Sikh/Hindu tradition). |
| lamp shining in a dark place | λύχνος φαίνων ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ | lychnos phainōn en auchmērō topō | ਹਨੇਰੀ ਥਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਮਕਦਾ ਦੀਵਾ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | Keep as simile for Scripture’s guidance; do not equate with Sikh ਜੋਤ doctrine or ritual lamp-lighting. |
| morning star | φωσφόρος | phōsphoros | ਸਵੇਰ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ | Certainty of Christ’s Return | Frame as messianic symbol, not an astrological/fortune-telling sign (jyotish resonance). |
| heaven (divine-origin sense) | οὐρανός | ouranos | ਸਵਰਗ (vs. ਅਕਾਸ਼ for physical sky) | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | ਸਵਰਗ is shared with Hindu/Sikh cosmology as a temporary karmic reward-realm; clarify as the transcendent presence of the one true God here. |
| cleansing (from past sins) | καθαρισμός | katharismos | ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ / ਸਫ਼ਾਈ | Growing in Christian Virtue | Distinguish moral/spiritual cleansing through Christ from repeatable ritual purification (e.g. Amrit, sacred-river bathing). |
| eternal (kingdom) | αἰώνιος | aiōnios | ਸਦੀਵੀ / ਅਨੰਤ | Certainty of Christ’s Return | Distinguish permanent future kingdom from cyclical-eternity (endless cosmic ages) notions. |
| tent/body (mortal body) | σκήνωμα | skēnōma | ਤੰਬੂ | (incidental — Peter’s approaching death) | Avoid ਡੇਰਾ (contemporary term for a Sant-led religious establishment/compound). |
| departure (of death) | ἔξοδος | exodos | ਕੂਚ / ਵਿਦਾਇਗੀ | (incidental) | Positive theological frame, echoing the Exodus. |
| corruption / desire | φθορά / ἐπιθυμία | phthora / epithymia | ਵਿਨਾਸ਼ / ਕਾਮਨਾ ਜਾਂ ਬੁਰੀ ਇੱਛਾ | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | Avoid ਵਾਸਨਾ for “desire” (karma-residue philosophical term); distinguish moral corruption from impersonal cyclical decay themes. |
| sensuality/licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια | aselgeia | ਲੁੱਚਪੁਣਾ / ਬਦਚਲਨੀ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Standard moral vocabulary. |
| blaspheme/slander | βλασφημέω | blasphēmeō | ਨਿੰਦਿਆ ਕਰਨੀ / ਦੁਰਬਚਨ ਬੋਲਣਾ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Avoid ਕੁਫ਼ਰ (Islamic theological loanword with a specific apostasy framework). |
| exploit / make merchandise of | ἐμπορεύομαι | emporeuomai | ਸ਼ੋਸ਼ਣ ਕਰਨਾ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Directly and soberly relevant to contemporary Punjab exploitation concerns; do not soften. |
| flood | κατακλυσμός | kataklysmos | ਪਰਲੋ | (historical precedent for judgment) | Note possible “pralaya” resonance; clarify as a singular historical judgment, not a recurring cosmic cycle. |
| preacher of righteousness | δικαιοσύνης κήρυξ | dikaiosynēs kēryx | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ ਦਾ ਪਰਚਾਰਕ | (Noah, historical precedent) | Combines two reused terms. |
| righteous (adjective, of a person) | δίκαιος | dikaios | ਧਰਮੀ | (Lot, historical precedent) | Acceptable adjectival use distinct from the forbidden noun ਧਰਮ; remain alert to the shared root. |
| wages of unrighteousness/wickedness | μισθὸς ἀδικίας | misthos adikias | ਬੁਰਿਆਈ ਦੀ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ / ਕੁਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Explicitly avoid ਅਧਰਮ (already rejected for “sin” in baseline). |
| authority/dominion (despising) | κυριότης | kyriotēs | ਅਧਿਕਾਰ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Distinguish from the doctrinal title “Lordship of Christ” (ਪ੍ਰਭੁਤਵ). |
| spots and blemishes | σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι | spiloi kai mōmoi | ਦਾਗ਼ ਅਤੇ ਕਲੰਕ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Standard moral-stain vocabulary. |
| freedom | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | ਅਜ਼ਾਦੀ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Politically resonant term in contemporary Punjab; note sensitivity, not doctrinally forbidden. |
| scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται | empaiktai | ਮਖੌਲੀਏ / ਠੱਠਾਕਾਰ | Day of the Lord | Standard mockery vocabulary. |
| last days | ἐπ’ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν | ep’ eschatōn tōn hēmerōn | ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ | Day of the Lord | Linear historical framing, distinct from cyclical yuga-ending frameworks. |
| stored up for fire | τεθησαυρισμένοι πυρὶ | tethēsaurismenoi pyri | ਅੱਗ ਲਈ ਰੱਖੇ ਹੋਏ | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | Judicial/destructive fire of divine judgment, not ritual/purifying fire or cremation-pyre association. |
| one day as a thousand years | μία ἡμέρα…ὡς χίλια ἔτη | mia hēmera…hōs chilia etē | ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਰ੍ਹੇ (ਵਾਂਗ ਇੱਕ ਦਿਨ) | Patience of God’s Timing | Guard against cyclical-time/yuga misreading; the point is relational purpose, not cosmic mechanism. |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | ਤੋਬਾ / ਪਛਤਾਵਾ | Patience of God’s Timing | Established shared Perso-Arabic loanword; ensure the object (turning to God through Christ) is explicit. |
| twist/distort (Scripture) | στρεβλόω | strebloō | ਮਰੋੜਨਾ | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | Ties to the ongoing false-teacher threat and misuse of apostolic writings. |
| error of lawless people | ἀθέσμων πλάνη | athesmōn planē | ਦੁਸ਼ਟ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਗੁਮਰਾਹੀ | False Teachers and Their Judgment | Avoid ਕੁਧਰਮੀ (contains the sensitive ਧਰਮ root). |
| spotless and blameless | ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι | aspiloi kai amōmētoi | ਬੇਦਾਗ਼ ਅਤੇ ਨਿਰਦੋਸ਼ | Growing in Christian Virtue | Standard purity vocabulary. |
B.4 — Low Risk
| Term (Eng) | Original (Gk) | Punjabi Rendering | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| follow (a teaching) | ἐξακολουθέω | ਪਿੱਛੇ ਲੱਗਣਾ | Standard verb. |
| make known | γνωρίζω | ਦੱਸਣਾ / ਜਾਣੂ ਕਰਾਉਣਾ | Standard verb. |
| honor | τιμή | ਆਦਰ / ਮਾਣ | Standard. |
| well pleased | εὐδοκέω | ਖੁਸ਼ ਹੋਣਾ / ਪ੍ਰਸੰਨ ਹੋਣਾ | Standard. |
| voice | φωνή | ਅਵਾਜ਼ | Standard. |
| holy mountain | ὄρος ἅγιον | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪਹਾੜ | Natural cultural resonance, no collision. |
| pay attention | προσέχω | ਧਿਆਨ ਦੇਣਾ | Medium note applies only in meditative-technique contexts; generally low-risk. |
| day dawns | ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ | ਦਿਨ ਚੜ੍ਹੇ | Standard metaphor. |
| dark place | αὐχμηρὸς τόπος | ਹਨੇਰੀ ਥਾਂ | Standard. |
| will of man | θέλημα ἀνθρώπου | ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦੀ ਇੱਛਾ | Contrastive term in the inspiration doctrine. |
| men (human authors) | ἄνθρωποι | ਮਨੁੱਖ | Standard. |
| unfruitful / ineffective | ἄκαρπος / ἀργός | ਬੇਫਲ / ਵਿਅਰਥ | Standard. |
| blind | τυφλός | ਅੰਨ੍ਹਾ | Standard metaphor. |
| promise | ἐπάγγελμα | ਵਾਅਦਾ | Cross-references covenant/promise framework. |
| add/supply (virtues) | ἐπιχορηγέω | ਜੋੜਨਾ / ਵਧਾਉਣਾ | Standard verb for the virtue chain. |
| steadfastness/endurance | ὑπομονή | ਧੀਰਜ / ਸਹਿਣਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ | Standard. |
| example | ὑπόδειγμα | ਨਮੂਨਾ / ਮਿਸਾਲ | Standard. |
| Noah, Lot, Balaam, Sodom and Gomorrah, Paul (proper names) | Νῶε, Λώτ, Βαλαάμ, Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα, Παῦλος | ਨੂਹ, ਲੂਤ, ਬਿਲਆਮ, ਸਦੂਮ ਅਤੇ ਅਮੂਰਾਹ, ਪੌਲੁਸ | Established Punjabi Bible proper-name forms. |
| dog to its vomit / sow to the mire (proverb) | κύων…ἐξέραμα / ὗς…βορβόρου | ਕੁੱਤਾ ਆਪਣੀ ਉਲਟੀ ਵੱਲ / ਸੂਰਨੀ ਚਿੱਕੜ ਵਿੱਚ | Proverbial imagery transfers directly; both animals are low-status/unclean across South Asian culture. |
| sincere mind | εἰλικρινὴς διάνοια | ਸ਼ੁੱਧ ਮਨ | Standard. |
| reminder | ὑπόμνησις | ਯਾਦ ਦਿਵਾਉਣੀ | Standard. |
| slowness (of the Lord’s promise) | βραδύτης | ਢਿੱਲ / ਦੇਰੀ | Standard, paired with High-risk μακροθυμία. |
| hard to understand | δυσνόητα | ਸਮਝਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਔਖੇ | Standard. |
| untaught and unstable | ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀστήρικτοι | ਅਣਪੜ੍ਹ ਅਤੇ ਅਸਥਿਰ | Standard. |
| own stability/steadfastness | στηριγμός | ਸਥਿਰਤਾ | Standard. |
Chapter Coverage Confirmation
| Chapter | New Theological Vocabulary Status |
|---|---|
| 1 (incl. core passage 1:16–21) | Extensive new vocabulary — see Part 1 and Chapter 1 section of 07_semantic_analysis.md. Highest-density chapter for Critical terms (σωτήρ, θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως, παρουσία, γραφή, Sonship of Christ). |
| 2 | Extensive new vocabulary — false-teacher and judgment terminology (ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι, αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας, δεσπότης, ταρταρόω, κρίσις family). No chapter is without load-bearing content. |
| 3 | Extensive new vocabulary — Day-of-the-Lord, patience, and new-creation terminology (ἡμέρα Κυρίου, μακροθυμία, κτίσις, στοιχεῖα, καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν). Capstone verse 3:18 reuses and combines nearly every major term established across the book. |
All three chapters of 2 Peter have been reviewed in full; no chapter is reviewed-but-omitted, as every chapter contributes new load-bearing theological vocabulary to this curriculum.
This glossary must be loaded, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, before any Phase 2 translation memory construction or AI translation requirements drafting for the 2 Peter curriculum.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: dharmikta
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਨਿਆਂ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਧਰਮ. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:1 (Christ’s righteousness grounding equal faith), 2:5 (‘preacher of righteousness’), 2:21 (‘the way of righteousness’), 3:13 (‘righteousness dwells’ in the new creation).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrence: 1:21, the definitional verse for verbal, plenary inspiration — the Spirit as active, personal agent carrying human authors without erasing their voice.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Note: 2 Peter also uses the distinct Greek term δεσπότης (2:1), rendered separately as ਮਾਲਕ (see despotes_master below) without conflicting with this entry. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:16-17, 3:2, 3:8-10, 3:15, 3:18.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Puttar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਦੇਵ-ਪੁਰਸ਼
Original: ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:17 uses the fuller Transfiguration form ਮੇਰਾ ਪਿਆਰਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ (‘my beloved Son’), conveying eternal, unique Sonship — never a metaphorical or spiritual-lineage relationship analogous to a Guru’s chosen successor.
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrence: 1:17, God the Father’s voice declaring Christ’s Sonship at the Transfiguration.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਈਸਾ. Occurs throughout 2 Peter.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Peter, always paired with ਯਿਸੂ.
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Critical in 2 Peter 1:1’s Granville Sharp construction (‘our God and Savior’) — Punjabi syntax must not split this into two referents; see our_god_and_savior below.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. MANDATORY clarifying gloss on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence, distinguishing Christian ਮੁਕਤੀ from Sikh ਮੁਕਤੀ (release from ਆਵਾਗਵਣ through Guru-mediated grace and Naam-simran). 2 Peter occurrence: 3:15, directly linked to God’s patience (‘regard the patience of our Lord as salvation’). This letter intensifies the baseline’s mandatory gloss requirement via the new title ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ (savior, see below), which occurs five times.
Scripture
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲਿਖਤ(ਾਂ)
Transliteration: pavittar likhat(aan)
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ਗ੍ਰੰਥ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ
Original: γραφή / γραφαί
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM, newly surfaced Critical-risk discovery specific to 2 Peter. NEVER ਗ੍ਰੰਥ or ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ, the exact vocabulary of the Guru Granth Sahib’s own title and doctrine as the eternal, enthroned, living Guru. Occurs at both structural pillars of the book: 1:20 (prophecy’s divine origin) and 3:16 (Paul’s writings among ‘the other Scriptures’).
Savior
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ
Transliteration: muktidata
Doctrine: Savior and Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਬਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM, built compositionally on the baseline’s ਮੁਕਤੀ. Applied to Jesus five times in this short letter (1:1, 1:11, 3:2, 3:18; implicit 2:20) — an unusually concentrated emphasis. Every occurrence inherits and intensifies the mandatory Sikh/Christian mukti-distinction gloss: Jesus alone, decisively, gives ਮੁਕਤੀ, never through Guru-mediated grace or Naam-simran.
Our God And Savior
Approved rendering: ਸਾਡਾ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ
Transliteration: sada Parmeshar ate muktidata
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: phrasing that splits Jesus and God into two referents
Original: τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. The Granville Sharp single-referent construction (2 Peter 1:1; echoed 3:18) grammatically identifies Jesus as fully God. Punjabi syntax must foreclose any reading of two separate figures (‘God, and separately, the Savior Jesus’); this is the letter’s peak Deity-of-Christ text, recurring at the capstone verse.
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: ਈਸ਼ਵਰੀ ਸੁਭਾਅ ਦੇ ਸਾਂਝੀ
Transliteration: ishvari subhaav de saanjhi
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ ਸੁਭਾਅ, ਪਰਮਾਤਮਾ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਹੋਣਾ
Original: θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Single highest-risk phrase in this curriculum (2 Peter 1:4). Collides with Advaita Vedanta atman-Brahman identity (tat tvam asi) and Sikh ਜੋਤ (indwelling divine spark ultimately merged with Waheguru). MANDATORY theological bridge note on every occurrence: moral-relational transformation into God’s holy character, not ontological fusion; believer remains creature, never Creator. Built on ਸੁਭਾਅ (‘nature/character/disposition’), never a term for divine essence.
Parousia Second Coming
Approved rendering: ਆਗਮਨ
Transliteration: aagman
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਪਸੀ, ਪਰਗਟ ਹੋਣਾ (alone)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Occurs 2 Peter 1:16, 3:4. Always qualify as ਦੂਜਾ ਆਗਮਨ (‘second coming’). Must carry the weight of Christ’s climactic, glorious, judging return, grounded in apostolic eyewitness testimony (1:16). Guard against assimilation into Hindu avatar-succession expectation (e.g. a future Kalki avatar as one more cyclical descent); this is the unique, personal return of the same historical Jesus.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ
Transliteration: Prabhu da din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ਅੰਤ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ (alone)
Original: ἡμέρα Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. 2 Peter 3:10, the central eschatological term of this doctrine. Must preserve exclusive, personal ownership by the Lord/Christ, not a generic impersonal judgment-day concept.
New Heavens New Earth
Approved rendering: ਨਵਾਂ ਅਕਾਸ਼ ਅਤੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਧਰਤੀ
Transliteration: navaan akash ate navi dharti
Doctrine: New Creation and Final Restoration
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. 2 Peter 3:13. Must be framed as the permanent, final culmination of God’s redemptive plan — not a cyclical re-creation following a pralaya-style dissolution that will itself eventually be undone again.
False Teachers
Approved rendering: ਝੂਠੇ ਉਪਦੇਸ਼ਕ
Transliteration: jhuthe updeshak
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ਝੂਠੇ ਗੁਰੂ
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. 2 Peter 2:1. NEVER ਗੁਰੂ, even pejoratively — this would validate ਗੁਰੂ as a legitimate general category for religious teachers merely qualified as true/false, undermining the baseline’s absolute prohibition of ਗੁਰੂ for any Christian teaching office. Use ਉਪਦੇਸ਼ਕ, a generic, non-reserved word.
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: ਵਿਨਾਸ਼ਕਾਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆਵਾਂ
Transliteration: vinashkari sikhiavaan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ਪੰਥ
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. 2 Peter 2:1. NEVER ਪੰਥ, the specific term for a Sikh religious community/path (notably the Khalsa Panth); its use here would gravely misapply communal-identity vocabulary to a pejorative theological category.
Capstone Verse 318
Approved rendering: ਸਾਡੇ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ ਯਿਸੂ ਮਸੀਹ ਦੀ ਕਿਰਪਾ ਅਤੇ ਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਧਦੇ ਜਾਓ
Transliteration: sade Prabhu ate muktidata Yisu Masih di kirpa ate gyaan vich vadhde jao
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW TERM (fixed verse rendering). 2 Peter 3:18, the letter’s capstone verse, combining ਪ੍ਰਭੂ, ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ, ਯਿਸੂ ਮਸੀਹ, ਕਿਰਪਾ, ਗਿਆਨ, and ਮਹਿਮਾ. Must be fixed once and reused identically across every document in this curriculum, per the baseline’s precedent for Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, and 10:9-10.
Patience Regarded As Salvation
Approved rendering: ਸਾਡੇ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਦੇ ਧੀਰਜ ਨੂੰ ਮੁਕਤੀ ਸਮਝੋ
Transliteration: sade Prabhu de dheeraj nu mukti samjho
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
NEW TERM (fixed verse rendering). 2 Peter 3:15, directly linking the patience and salvation doctrines. ਮੁਕਤੀ here is load-bearing and requires the mandatory Sikh/Christian distinction gloss.
High Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Conveys an authorized, sent messenger; never ਗੁਰੂ, reserved exclusively for the Ten Gurus and the Guru Granth Sahib. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:1 (Peter’s own office), 3:2 (collective apostolic authority alongside the prophets).
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ, not generalized devotional reverence. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:1 (‘faith of equal standing’), 1:5 (foundation of the virtue chain).
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Every use must keep the source of grace explicitly Christ-centered, distinct from Sikh ਕਿਰਪਾ/ਨਦਰ received through Guru-mediation and Naam-simran. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:2 (greeting), 3:18 (capstone exhortation to ‘grow in grace’).
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਜੋਤ (Sikh transmitted-light doctrine). 2 Peter occurrences: 1:3, 1:17 (Transfiguration), 3:18 (closing doxology, ‘to him be glory forever’).
Calling
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਾ
Transliteration: sadda
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrence: 1:10, paired with election, urging believers to confirm their calling through godly living.
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never ਕਿਸਮਤ (fate). 2 Peter occurrence: 1:10.
Sin
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrence: 2:4, the angels who sinned, an a fortiori precedent for judgment on false teachers.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: samratha
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ. 2 Peter 1:16 extends this term to Christ’s own power, manifest at the Transfiguration and guaranteeing his parousia. See divine_power below for the related compound θεία δύναμις (1:3).
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ਗਿਆਨ / ਸਹੀ ਗਿਆਨ
Transliteration: gyaan / sahi gyaan
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: ਸੂਝ (too weak), ਗਿਆਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤੀ (implies self-attainment)
Original: γνῶσις / ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM. γνῶσις/ἐπίγνωσις, occurring 6+ times (1:2-3, 1:5-6, 1:8, 3:18). ਗਿਆਨ is the central term of Hindu/Sikh jnana-marga (self- or Guru-attained enlightenment); must always be anchored as relational, revealed knowledge of God through Christ, received and grown by grace, never self-attained gnosis.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ਭਗਤੀ
Transliteration: bhagti
Doctrine: Godliness Versus Ungodliness
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮਪਰਾਇਣਤਾ (contains forbidden ਧਰਮ root)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM. εὐσέβεια (1:3, 1:6-7, 3:11). Always qualify as ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਭਗਤੀ and frame as Spirit-produced fruit of a salvation already secured by grace, not a devotional path (bhakti-marga) among several toward liberation.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: ਅਭਗਤੀ
Transliteration: abhagti
Doctrine: Godliness Versus Ungodliness
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ (already rejected in baseline for ‘sin’)
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM, constructed as the direct antonym of ਭਗਤੀ. 2 Peter 2:6, 3:7. Keep pairing consistent throughout the curriculum so readers track the deliberate biblical contrast.
More Sure Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਪੱਕਾ ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਬਚਨ
Transliteration: hor vi pakka bhavikhbani da bachan
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερον…τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM. βεβαιότερον…τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον (2 Peter 1:19). Must convey objective, evidentiary certainty, not subjective devotional confidence — carries the weight of the entire scriptural-reliability doctrine.
Ones Own Interpretation
Approved rendering: ਆਪਣੀ ਹੀ ਵਿਆਖਿਆ
Transliteration: apni hi viakhya
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM. ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως (2 Peter 1:20). Must preserve that this concerns the divine source of Scripture, not merely later readers’ interpretive freedom.
Carried Along By Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਨਾ ਨਾਲ ਲਿਜਾਏ ਗਏ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma di prerna naal lijaye gaye
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: mechanical dictation/trance-possession framing
Original: ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM. ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι (2 Peter 1:21), the definitional verse for verbal, plenary inspiration. Avoid (1) reducing this to ordinary Bhakti/Gurbani devotional inspiration, and (2) a folk-Sufi trance/spirit-possession model — the Spirit superintends without erasing genuine human authorship.
Spoke From God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਬੋਲੇ
Transliteration: Parmeshar vallon bole
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM. ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι (2 Peter 1:21). Companion term to carried_along_by_holy_spirit; true human speakers with God as ultimate source and authority.
Majestic Glory
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਕ੍ਰਮੀ ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: parakrami mahima
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any phrasing suggestive of a separate radiance-being
Original: ἡ μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God
NEW TERM. ἡ μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (2 Peter 1:17), a reverential title for the Father. Must not be assimilated to Sikh ਜੋਤ (light transmitted sequentially through the Ten Gurus into the Guru Granth Sahib); brief translator’s note required on load-bearing occurrences.
Divine Power
Approved rendering: ਈਸ਼ਵਰੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: ishvari samratha
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ਦੈਵੀ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: God
NEW TERM. θεία δύναμις (2 Peter 1:3). ਦੈਵੀ derives from ਦੇਵ (‘a god’ among many) and risks a polytheistic reading; ਈਸ਼ਵਰੀ is preferred but must still be anchored to ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ.
Despotes Master
Approved rendering: ਮਾਲਕ
Transliteration: malak
Doctrine: Christ’s Redemptive Ownership
Rejected alternatives: conflating with ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. δεσπότης (2 Peter 2:1), distinct from κύριος. Legitimately rendered ਮਾਲਕ to capture the ownership/purchased-servant sense without conflicting with the baseline’s separate ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ruling for κύριος.
False Prophets
Approved rendering: ਝੂਠੇ ਨਬੀ
Transliteration: jhuthe nabi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. ψευδοπροφῆται (2 Peter 2:1). Culturally resonant with contemporary Punjab dera/godman exploitation phenomena; use with sober, non-inflammatory framing, never naming specific contemporary figures/movements.
Judgment Day
Approved rendering: ਨਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ
Transliteration: nyaan da din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κρίσεως / κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. ἡμέρα κρίσεως/κρίμα/κρίσις (2 Peter 2:3-9). ਨਿਆਂ does not overlap with the forbidden ਧਰਮ root; free to use for ‘judgment/justice.‘
Cast Into Hell
Approved rendering: ਨਰਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੁੱਟਣਾ
Transliteration: narak vich suttna
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ταρταρόω
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. ταρταρόω (2 Peter 2:4). ਨਰਕ typically denotes a temporary purgatorial realm within the Hindu/Sikh rebirth cycle; here it denotes confinement under divine judgment awaiting final reckoning. Mandatory clarifying note wherever used.
Holy Commandment
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਗਿਆ / ਆਗਿਆ
Transliteration: pavittar aagya / aagya
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ਹੁਕਮ, ਹੁਕਮਨਾਮਾ
Original: ἁγία ἐντολή / ἐντολή
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. ἁγία ἐντολή/ἐντολή (2 Peter 2:21; 3:2). NEVER ਹੁਕਮ, the specific Sikh liturgical term for Waheguru’s impersonal Divine Order; too liturgically specific for a personal, particular divine/apostolic instruction.
Way Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ ਦਾ ਰਾਹ
Transliteration: dharmikta da raah
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἐπιγνόντας τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. ἐπιγνόντας τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης (2 Peter 2:21). Combines reused ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ with the ਗਿਆਨ-family caution; apostasy after full knowledge is the doctrinal point.
Patience Makrothymia
Approved rendering: ਧੀਰਜ
Transliteration: dheeraj
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: ਸਬਰ
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. μακροθυμία (2 Peter 3:9, 3:15). Must convey purposive, relational patience aimed at repentance and salvation, not passive delay. NEVER ਸਬਰ, which names Sikh acceptance/submission to hukam as a self-contained virtue lacking this specific redemptive aim.
Elements
Approved rendering: ਤੱਤ
Transliteration: tatt
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. στοιχεῖα (2 Peter 3:10, 3:12). ਤੱਤ is the standard word for the five classical elements (pancha-tattva) in Hindu/Sikh natural philosophy; mandatory clarifying note that this refers to the physical universe’s constituents dissolved by judgment, not that cosmological schema.
Creation
Approved rendering: ਰਚਨਾ
Transliteration: rachna
Doctrine: New Creation and Final Restoration
Rejected alternatives: ਸ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ
Original: κτίσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. κτίσις (2 Peter 3:4). ਸ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ implies the Hindu cyclical creation-preservation-dissolution pattern (srishti-sthiti-pralaya); ਰਚਨਾ is safer, denoting simply ‘that which was made.‘
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:2 (greeting), 3:14 (closing exhortation to be found ‘in peace’).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Raj
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: αἰώνιος βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:11 adapted to ਸਦੀਵੀ ਰਾਜ (‘eternal kingdom’) for αἰώνιος βασιλεία, the final, everlasting kingdom of ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.’ Distinguish this permanent future kingdom from cyclical cosmic-age frameworks.
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:18 (holy mountain), 2:21 (holy commandment), 3:2 (holy prophets/apostles), 3:11 (holy conduct).
David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package for cross-curriculum proper-name consistency. Not occurring in 2 Peter; retained so translators use the same established form if referenced in supplementary teaching material.
Eyewitnesses
Approved rendering: ਅੱਖੀਂ ਡਿੱਠੇ ਗਵਾਹ
Transliteration: akhin ditthe gawah
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM. ἐπόπτης (2 Peter 1:16-18). Keep as plain historical eyewitness testimony, not mystical/yogic ‘higher perception’ attained through spiritual practice.
Cleverly Devised Myths
Approved rendering: ਮਨਘੜਤ ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ
Transliteration: manghadat kahaniyaan
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ਕਥਾ
Original: σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις
Category: Scripture
NEW TERM. σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις (2 Peter 1:16). Never ਕਥਾ, the honored genre of sacred narrated story in both Sikh (Gurbani katha) and Hindu (Puranic katha) tradition.
Virtue
Approved rendering: ਨੇਕੀ / ਸਦਗੁਣ
Transliteration: neki / sadgun
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: bare ਗੁਣ
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM. ἀρετή (2 Peter 1:3, 1:5). Avoid bare ਗੁਣ, which in Gurbani theology denotes God’s recitable attributes (‘gun gaavan’); the compound or ਨੇਕੀ isolates the ethical, character-forming sense.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ਸੰਜਮ
Transliteration: sanjam
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM. ἐγκράτεια (2 Peter 1:6). Spirit-enabled self-mastery, not self-achieved ascetic tapasya performed for merit.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: ਭਾਈਚਾਰਕ ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: bhaicharak piaar
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM. φιλαδελφία (2 Peter 1:7). ਭਾਈਚਾਰਾ carries strong Khalsa-brotherhood/panth-loyalty resonance; must be clarified as love within the Christian ਮੰਡਲੀ, not qaum/panth solidarity.
Love
Approved rendering: ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: piaar
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM. ἀγάπη (2 Peter 1:7), the capstone virtue of the chain.
Cleansing
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ / ਸਫ਼ਾਈ
Transliteration: shuddhikaran / safai
Doctrine: Sanctification and Cleansing from Sin
Original: καθαρισμός
Category: Virtue
NEW TERM. καθαρισμός (2 Peter 1:9). Distinguish this moral/spiritual cleansing from sin’s guilt through Christ from repeatable ritual purification practices (e.g. Amrit, ritual river-bathing).
Wages Of Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: ਬੁਰਿਆਈ ਦੀ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ
Transliteration: buriai di mazduri
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Original: μισθὸς ἀδικίας
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. μισθὸς ἀδικίας (2 Peter 2:13, 2:15). Explicitly avoid ਅਧਰਮ, already rejected in the baseline for ‘sin,’ to keep this word-family clear of the forbidden ਧਰਮ root.
Authority Dominion
Approved rendering: ਅਧਿਕਾਰ
Transliteration: adhikar
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: κυριότης
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. κυριότης (2 Peter 2:10). Distinguish plain ‘authority’ here from the doctrinal title ‘Lordship of Christ’ (ਪ੍ਰਭੁਤਵ).
Freedom
Approved rendering: ਅਜ਼ਾਦੀ
Transliteration: azaadi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. ἐλευθερία (2 Peter 2:19). Politically resonant in contemporary Punjab given regional political movements; note the sensitivity, though not doctrinally forbidden.
Slaves Of Corruption
Approved rendering: ਗੁਲਾਮ
Transliteration: gulaam
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: δοῦλοι τῆς φθορᾶς
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. δοῦλοι τῆς φθορᾶς (2 Peter 2:19). Context-sensitive pair with the positive ਦਾਸ used of Peter’s own self-designation (1:1, see servant_slave_designation below).
Eternal
Approved rendering: ਸਦੀਵੀ / ਅਨੰਤ
Transliteration: sadivi / anant
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. αἰώνιος (2 Peter 1:11). Distinguish this permanent, unending future kingdom from Hindu/Sikh cyclical-eternity notions (endless cosmic ages).
Last Days
Approved rendering: ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ
Transliteration: ant de dinaan vich
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἐπ’ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. ἐπ’ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν (2 Peter 3:3). Distinguish linear, historical, once-for-all culmination from cyclical yuga-ending frameworks (e.g. the transition from Kali Yuga).
Scoffers
Approved rendering: ਮਖੌਲੀਏ
Transliteration: makhaulie
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. ἐμπαῖκται (2 Peter 3:3-4). Standard mockery vocabulary.
Stored Up For Fire
Approved rendering: ਅੱਗ ਲਈ ਰੱਖੇ ਹੋਏ
Transliteration: agg lai rakhe hoe
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: τεθησαυρισμένοι πυρὶ
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. τεθησαυρισμένοι πυρὶ (2 Peter 3:7). Clarify as judicial, destructive fire of divine judgment, not purifying ritual fire (havan/homa) or cremation-pyre association.
One Day As A Thousand Years
Approved rendering: ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਰ੍ਹੇ ਵਾਂਗ ਇੱਕ ਦਿਨ
Transliteration: hazaar varhe vaang ikk din
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μία ἡμέρα παρὰ Κυρίῳ ὡς χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. μία ἡμέρα…ὡς χίλια ἔτη (2 Peter 3:8). Guard against a cyclical-time (yuga) misreading; the point is the personal God’s redemptive patience, not cosmic timekeeping.
Repentance
Approved rendering: ਤੋਬਾ / ਪਛਤਾਵਾ
Transliteration: tauba / pachtava
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. μετάνοια (2 Peter 3:9). ਤੋਬਾ is an established Perso-Arabic loanword used across Punjabi religious speech regardless of faith tradition; ensure the object (turning to God through Christ) is made explicit.
Flood
Approved rendering: ਪਰਲੋ
Transliteration: parlo
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. κατακλυσμός (2 Peter 2:5, 3:6). Note possible resonance with ‘pralaya’ (Hindu cyclical cosmic dissolution); clarify as a singular, historical divine judgment-event.
Majesty
Approved rendering: ਮਹਾਨਤਾ
Transliteration: mahanta
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ਪ੍ਰਤਾਪ
NEW TERM. μεγαλειότης (2 Peter 1:16), distinct from ਪਰਾਕ੍ਰਮੀ ਮਹਿਮਾ (‘Majestic Glory,’ 1:17). Avoid ਪ੍ਰਤਾਪ, which carries worldly royal/martial glory connotation in Punjabi literature.
Tent Body
Approved rendering: ਤੰਬੂ
Transliteration: tambu
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: ਡੇਰਾ
NEW TERM. σκήνωμα, metaphor for Peter’s mortal body (2 Peter 1:13). Avoid ਡੇਰਾ, the contemporary term for a Sant-led religious establishment/compound.
Departure Exodos
Approved rendering: ਕੂਚ / ਵਿਦਾਇਗੀ
Transliteration: kooch / vidaigi
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW TERM. ἔξοδος, a euphemism for death echoing the Exodus (2 Peter 1:15). Positive theological frame for the believer’s death as a deliverance-departure.
Heaven Divine Origin
Approved rendering: ਸਵਰਗ
Transliteration: swarg
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
NEW TERM. οὐρανός in its divine-origin sense (2 Peter 1:18, the Transfiguration voice from heaven), distinguished from ਅਕਾਸ਼ used for physical sky elsewhere (3:10, 3:12-13). ਸਵਰਗ is shared with Hindu/Sikh cosmology as a temporary karmic reward-realm; clarify as the transcendent presence of the one true God here.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਪਹਾੜ
Transliteration: pavittar pahaad
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
NEW TERM. τῷ ὄρει τῷ ἁγίῳ (2 Peter 1:18). Natural cultural resonance (mountains as sacred sites across Sikh and Hindu tradition) rather than collision; ensure the specificity of this revelation is not diluted into generic sacred-mountain veneration.
Lamp In Dark Place
Approved rendering: ਹਨੇਰੀ ਥਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਮਕਦਾ ਦੀਵਾ
Transliteration: haneri thaan vich chamakda diva
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW TERM. λύχνος φαίνων ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ (2 Peter 1:19). Keep strictly as a simile for Scripture’s guidance; do not equate with Sikh ਜੋਤ doctrine or ritual lamp-lighting practice.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: ਸਵੇਰ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ
Transliteration: saver da tara
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
NEW TERM. φωσφόρος (2 Peter 1:19). Frame as a messianic symbol of Christ’s certain return, not an astrological/fortune-telling sign (avoid jyotish/nakshatra resonance widespread in Punjab’s popular astrology).
Twist Distort Scripture
Approved rendering: ਮਰੋੜਨਾ
Transliteration: marorna
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW TERM. στρεβλόω (2 Peter 3:16). Ties to the ongoing false-teacher threat and misuse of apostolic writings (‘the other Scriptures’).
Error Of Lawless People
Approved rendering: ਦੁਸ਼ਟ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਗੁਮਰਾਹੀ
Transliteration: dusht lokaan di gumrahi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ਕੁਧਰਮੀ
NEW TERM. ἀθέσμων πλάνη (2 Peter 3:17). Avoid ਕੁਧਰਮੀ, which contains the sensitive ਧਰਮ root.
Sensuality Licentiousness
Approved rendering: ਲੁੱਚਪੁਣਾ / ਬਦਚਲਨੀ
Transliteration: luchpuna / badchalni
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW TERM. ἀσέλγεια (2 Peter 2:2, 2:7, 2:18). Standard moral vocabulary, no collision identified.
Blaspheme Slander
Approved rendering: ਨਿੰਦਿਆ ਕਰਨੀ / ਦੁਰਬਚਨ ਬੋਲਣਾ
Transliteration: nindiya karni / durbachan bolna
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ਕੁਫ਼ਰ
NEW TERM. βλασφημέω (2 Peter 2:2, 2:10, 2:12). Avoid ਕੁਫ਼ਰ, an Islamic theological loanword carrying a specific Quranic-apostasy framework not appropriate here.
Exploit Merchandise
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ੋਸ਼ਣ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: shoshan karna
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW TERM. ἐμπορεύομαι (2 Peter 2:3). Directly and soberly relevant to contemporary Punjab dera/godman financial-exploitation concerns; must not be softened.
Preacher Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ ਦਾ ਪਰਚਾਰਕ
Transliteration: dharmikta da parcharak
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW TERM. δικαιοσύνης κήρυξ (2 Peter 2:5), describing Noah. Combines reused ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ with the baseline’s mission/proclamation vocabulary.
Corruption Desire
Approved rendering: ਵਿਨਾਸ਼ / ਕਾਮਨਾ ਜਾਂ ਬੁਰੀ ਇੱਛਾ
Transliteration: vinash / kamna / buri ichha
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਸਨਾ (karma-residue philosophical term)
NEW TERM. φθορά, ἐπιθυμία (2 Peter 1:4). Distinguish moral corruption requiring rescue by God’s promises from impersonal, cyclical decay/impermanence themes in Hindu-Buddhist thought.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ਨਬੀ
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:19-21, 2:16, 3:2; negative counter-image ψευδοπροφῆται ‘false prophets’ at 2:1 (see false_prophets below).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ
Transliteration: bhavikhbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter occurrences: 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, 3:2.
Paul
Approved rendering: ਪੌਲੁਸ
Transliteration: Paulus
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: Παῦλος
Category: Church
NEW TERM (proper name). Παῦλος (2 Peter 3:15-16), referenced as a fellow, sometimes-misunderstood apostolic writer. Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form.
Spots And Blemishes
Approved rendering: ਦਾਗ਼ ਅਤੇ ਕਲੰਕ
Transliteration: daagh ate kalank
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι (2 Peter 2:13). Standard moral-stain vocabulary.
Righteous Adjective
Approved rendering: ਧਰਮੀ
Transliteration: dharmi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW TERM. δίκαιος (2 Peter 2:7-8, of Lot). An acceptable adjectival use distinct from the forbidden noun ਧਰਮ; paired with the established noun ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ. Translators should remain alert to the shared root given how sensitive this word-family is elsewhere in the glossary.
Servant Slave Designation
Approved rendering: ਦਾਸ
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Apostleship
NEW TERM. δοῦλος (2 Peter 1:1), Peter’s positive self-designation. Positive resonance with Bhakti/Sikh devotional self-designation (‘Nanak das’) is a genuine point of contact but must retain the NT’s stronger sense of total, purchased belonging to Christ. Contrast with the negative ਗੁਲਾਮ (see slaves_of_corruption).
Example Hypodeigma
Approved rendering: ਨਮੂਨਾ / ਮਿਸਾਲ
Transliteration: namuna / misaal
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW TERM. ὑπόδειγμα (2 Peter 2:6), Sodom and Gomorrah as an enduring warning example.
Steadfastness Endurance
Approved rendering: ਧੀਰਜ / ਸਹਿਣਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ
Transliteration: dheeraj / sehanshilta
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW TERM. ὑπομονή (2 Peter 1:6), a member of the virtue chain. Standard; note shared root ਧੀਰਜ with the High-risk μακροθυμία entry (patience_makrothymia) — context determines which doctrinal weight applies.
Proverbial Imagery Relapse
Approved rendering: ਕੁੱਤਾ ਆਪਣੀ ਉਲਟੀ ਵੱਲ / ਸੂਰਨੀ ਚਿੱਕੜ ਵਿੱਚ
Transliteration: kutta apni ulti vall / soorni chikkad vich
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW TERM. Proverbial images of relapse into former corruption (2 Peter 2:22). Both dogs and pigs are low-status/unclean animals across South Asian culture, so the proverbial force transfers directly with no doctrinal risk.
Old Testament Historical Examples
Approved rendering: ਨੂਹ, ਲੂਤ, ਬਿਲਆਮ, ਸਦੂਮ ਅਤੇ ਅਮੂਰਾਹ
Transliteration: Nuh, Loot, Bilaam, Sadum ate Amurah
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW TERM (proper names). Noah, Lot, Balaam, Sodom and Gomorrah (2 Peter 2:5-16), historical precedents for God’s certain judgment. Established Punjabi Bible proper-name forms.
Referenced passages