Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus (English → Punjabi)
How to Use This Glossary
- Reused (Baseline) terms MUST use the exact Punjabi rendering recorded in the Romans
translation_memory.json. They are listed here for completeness and cross-reference only; do not re-derive or alter them. - New (Titus) terms are proposed here for the first time in this curriculum and must be added to an updated
translation_memory.jsonat the start of Phase 2, each carrying the risk tier and doctrine mapping shown below. - Risk tiers and review routing follow the same definitions as the baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.json: Critical/High → human theologian review; Medium → native speaker review; Low → automated review.
Section 1: Reused Terms (Baseline Romans Translation Memory — Enforced Exactly)
| English Term | Punjabi Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine Link in Titus |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel / proclamation | ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ / ਪਰਚਾਰ | High / Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works |
| grace | ਕਿਰਪਾ | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works |
| faith | ਨਿਹਚਾ | High | Salvation by Grace not Works; Sound Doctrine |
| righteousness | ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works |
| justification | ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works (Titus 3:7) |
| salvation | ਮੁਕਤੀ | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works; Regeneration by the Holy Spirit |
| apostle | ਰਸੂਲ | High | Titus 1:1 |
| holy | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ | Medium | Qualifications for Elders (ὅσιος); general |
| Holy Spirit | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit |
| election | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ | High | Titus 1:1 |
| glory | ਮਹਿਮਾ | High | Titus 2:13 (Second Coming) |
| God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Critical | Throughout |
| Jesus | ਯਿਸੂ | Critical | Throughout |
| Messiah/Christ | ਮਸੀਹ | Critical | Throughout |
| Lord | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Critical | Implicit Lordship framing |
| law | ਬਿਵਸਥਾ | High | Titus 3:9 (fights about the law) |
| exhort | ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ | Low | Titus 2:15 |
| sin | ਪਾਪ | High | Implicit, Titus 3:3 |
| adoption/heir framework | ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ | High | Titus 3:7 (heirship) |
| sanctification | ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living (background) |
Section 2: New Terms Proposed for Titus
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Literal Meaning | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | deliverer, rescuer | ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works; implicit Deity/Lordship of Christ | Built on baseline’s retained ਮੁਕਤੀ. Applied to BOTH God the Father and Christ within Titus (1:3-4, 2:10, 2:13, 3:4, 3:6) — every occurrence inherits the mandatory ਮੁਕਤੀ Sikh/Christian distinction gloss. Must never be read as one “liberator” figure among many gurus/avatars. |
| 2 | appearing / epiphany | ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπεφάνη (epiphaneia / epephanē) | to shine forth, become visible | ਪਰਗਟ ਹੋਣਾ | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; implicit Incarnation | Used for BOTH Christ’s first coming (2:11, 3:4, humble grace appearing) and his second coming (2:13, glorious return) — keep the two theologically distinct in translator notes. Never let this vocabulary suggest a repeatable avatar-descent (cf. baseline’s ਅਵਤਾਰ prohibition for Incarnation). |
| 3 | regeneration | παλιγγενεσία (paliggenesia) | again-birth, new birth | ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | HIGHEST-PRIORITY new entry. ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ and ਆਵਾਗਵਣ (already forbidden in baseline for “resurrection”) remain absolutely forbidden here too, and arguably at even higher risk since παλιγγενεσία’s own root means “birth again.” ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ (vernacular “new birth,” used in Punjabi evangelical preaching) is selected instead but REQUIRES a mandatory clarifying gloss on every occurrence, structurally identical to the ਮੁਕਤੀ gloss rule: a decisive, once-for-all spiritual re-creation by the Spirit in this present life, never a birth within a continuing multi-life cycle. |
| 4 | washing | λουτρόν (loutron) | a washing, a bath | ਧੋਣਾ | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | ਇਸ਼ਨਾਨ explicitly rejected — too closely tied to Sikh Amrit Sanchar ritual bathing and Hindu ritual purification bathing, which would reintroduce exactly the works-based cleansing Titus 3:5 rules out. Requires a note that the washing is Spirit-wrought, not self- or priest-administered. |
| 5 | godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | piety, reverence toward God in conduct | ਭਗਤੀ | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Must always be qualified as ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਭਗਤੀ / ਮਸੀਹ ਵਿੱਚ ਭਗਤੀ so it is not heard as generic bhakti-marga devotionalism or Naam-simran practice interchangeable across religions. |
| 6 | ungodliness | ἀσέβεια (asebeia) | irreverence toward God | ਅਭਗਤੀ | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living (negative pole) | Parallel negative formation to ਭਗਤੀ; carries the same qualification requirement in reverse. |
| 7 | sound doctrine / sound teaching | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα (didaskalia hygiainousa) | healthy teaching | ਖਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Must not read as “one valid teaching path among several” in Punjab’s plural religious landscape; anchor explicitly to apostolic teaching as the sole standard. |
| 8 | teaching / doctrine (generic) | διδασκαλία (didaskalia) | teaching | ਸਿੱਖਿਆ | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Base noun underlying #7; risk rises to High only when modified by ὑγιαίνουσα. |
| 9 | good works | ἔργον ἀγαθόν / καλόν (ergon agathon / kalon) | good deed/work | ਭਲੇ ਕੰਮ | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works; Salvation by Grace not Works | The recurring hinge term (1:16; 2:7, 2:14; 3:1, 3:8, 3:14). Must always be positioned as the FRUIT of grace/regeneration, never its CAUSE — the sequence is doctrinally load-bearing, not merely stylistic. |
| 10 | elder | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | older man; church office | ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ | High | Qualifications for Elders | NEVER render as ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ (the Sikh Gurdwara scripture-custodian/officiant) — same category-error class as baseline’s ਗੁਰੂ/apostle prohibition. Always pair with ਮੰਡਲੀ context to signal the formal office, distinct from ਬਿਰਧ (mere old age, used for 2:2-3’s πρεσβύτης/πρεσβύτις). |
| 11 | overseer / bishop | ἐπίσκοπος (episkopos) | one who watches over | ਨਿਗਾਹਬਾਨ | High | Qualifications for Elders | Must read as an accountable shepherding role within a congregation, not an independent charismatic figure with a personal following comparable to a Sant or dera leader. |
| 12 | mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | compassion toward the needy/miserable | ਦਇਆ | Medium-High | Salvation by Grace not Works | Distinct from ਕਿਰਪਾ (grace: free unmerited gift) — ਦਇਆ responds to a condition of need. Sikh devotional vocabulary pairs daya and kirpa as divine attributes; keep both anchored to the specific historical Christ-event of Titus 3:4-5, not a general divine disposition reached through Naam-simran. |
| etc. | |||||||
| 13 | renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις (anakainōsis) | renewing, renovation | ਨਵੀਨੀਕਰਨ | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Pairs with ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ (#3) as the Spirit’s ongoing work following the once-for-all new birth; keep distinct from ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ (baseline sanctification). |
| 14 | redemption / redeem | λύτρωσις / λυτρόω (lytrōsis / lytroō) | to ransom, to free by paying a price | ਨਿਸਤਾਰਾ / ਛੁਡਾਉਣਾ | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | Must retain the “price paid” sense (Christ’s self-giving, Titus 2:14), not softened to generic rescue. ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ avoided as a noun form to prevent overlap with the term explicitly rejected for ਮੁਕਤੀ in the baseline. |
| 15 | a people for his own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος (laos periousios) | a people of [special] possession | ਨਿੱਜੀ ਪਰਜਾ | Medium | implicit Church as God’s People | LXX covenant-identity echo (Exodus 19:5); must read as a chosen relational identity in Christ, not an ethnic/qaum designation. |
| 16 | submit / be subject | ὑποτάσσεσθαι (hypotassesthai) | to place oneself under, to submit | ਅਧੀਨ ਹੋਣਾ | High | Submission to Authority | Occurs three times (civil authorities 3:1; wives 2:5; slaves 2:9) — teach as voluntary, gospel-motivated, and bounded (never submission requiring disobedience to God); do not conflate with Guru-disciple or Sant-follower hierarchy. |
| 17 | rulers and authorities | ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι (archai, exousiai) | rulers, authorities | ਹਾਕਮ ਅਤੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ | Medium | Submission to Authority | Civil government; flag for native speaker review per baseline’s Romans 13 pattern. |
| 18 | command / authoritative order | ἐπιταγή (epitagē) | command, order | ਆਦੇਸ਼ | Medium | Submission to Authority; Sound Doctrine | Deliberately NOT ਹੁਕਮ when referring to apostolic/divine command, per system instruction against unexplained Sikh liturgical vocabulary as a doctrinal-term substitute; ਹੁਕਮ remains acceptable only in its plain secular sense (e.g. 3:1’s πειθαρχεῖν, obeying a civil official’s order). |
| 19 | lawlessness | ἀνομία (anomia) | lawlessness, transgression | ਬਦੀ | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | Deliberately avoids any ਧਰਮ-root compound (e.g. ਅਧਰਮ) to prevent reintroducing the dharmic frame the baseline strictly forbids for “righteousness.” |
| 20 | divisive / factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος (hairetikos anthrōpos) | one who causes party-strife | ਫੁੱਟ ਪਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Describes persistent division after warning, not a single disagreement; root of English “heretic” but narrower here. |
| 21 | foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις (mōrai zētēseis) | foolish investigations/debates | ਮੂਰਖਤਾ ਭਰੀਆਂ ਬਹਿਸਾਂ | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | |
| 22 | genealogies | γενεαλογίαι (genealogiai) | genealogies | ਕੁਲਪੱਤਰੀਆਂ | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | |
| 23 | hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | confident expectation | ਆਸ | Medium | implicit; Titus 1:2, 2:13, 3:7 | Must convey certain, grounded expectation (anchored in God’s promise), not vague wishing; distinguish from any liberation-by-degrees hope-model. |
| 24 | eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | life without end | ਸਦੀਪਕ ਜੀਵਨ | Medium | implicit; Titus 1:2, 3:7 | Distinguish from moksha/mukti-as-merger-with-the-Absolute frameworks, consistent with baseline’s ਮੁਕਤੀ notes; this is unending personal relational life with God, not dissolution of the self. |
| 25 | kindness | χρηστότης (chrēstotēs) | goodness, kindness | ਦਿਆਲਤਾ | Low | Salvation by Grace not Works (Titus 3:4) | |
| 26 | love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία (philanthrōpia) | love toward human beings | ਮਨੁੱਖਾਂ ਲਈ ਪਿਆਰ | Low | Salvation by Grace not Works (Titus 3:4) | |
| 27 | heir | κληρονόμος (klēronomos) | one who inherits | ਵਾਰਸ | Medium | implicit Adoption (Titus 3:7) | Connects justification to baseline’s ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ doctrine — full inheritance rights follow declared righteousness. |
| 28 | servant / slave | δοῦλος (doulos) | slave, bondservant | ਦਾਸ | Medium | implicit; Titus 1:1, 2:9 | Positive self-identification (total ownership by God) at 1:1; household-code social-structure term at 2:9 requiring a context note distinguishing the two senses. |
| 29 | self-control | σωφροσύνη / σώφρων (sōphrosynē / sōphrōn) | soundness of mind, self-mastery | ਸੰਜਮ | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | OPPORTUNITY term: ਸੰਜਮ already carries positive self-discipline connotations in Sikh ethical vocabulary without contradictory theology — a genuine bridge word, provided it is anchored as fruit of the Spirit’s training (2:12) rather than self-effort earning merit. |
| 30 | steward | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | household manager | ਭੰਡਾਰੀ | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | Reinforces eldership as delegated stewardship, not personal ownership of authority. |
| 31 | proclamation / preaching | κήρυγμα (kērygma) | announcement, proclamation | ਪਰਚਾਰ | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Reuses baseline’s ਪਰਚਾਰ (“mission” term) for this closely related sense. |
| 32 | faithful is the saying | Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (Pistos ho logos) | trustworthy is the word | ਇਹ ਬਚਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸਯੋਗ ਹੈ | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Fixed Pastoral-Epistles formula sealing 3:4-7 as settled, non-negotiable doctrine. |
| 33 | purity (ritual vs. moral) | καθαρός / καθαρά (katharos / kathara) | clean, pure | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ / ਸ਼ੁੱਧ (context-sensitive) | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (Titus 1:15) | Flashpoint risk if read as a dietary/ritual-purity statement rather than inward moral-spiritual condition tied to faith; requires translator note given Punjab’s strong food/ritual-purity traditions. |
Risk Summary for Titus New-Term Additions
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 (Savior, Regeneration, implicit Deity-of-Christ clause in 2:13) | Human theologian |
| High | 10 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker |
| Low | 5 | Automated |
Total new terms proposed for translation_memory.json update: 33
All 33 must be added to an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) and cross-referenced into an updated bible_term_registry.json / doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation of Titus begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: dharmikta
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਨਿਆਂ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: NEVER use ਧਰਮ. Inherited from Romans package. Governs Titus 2:12’s adverbial δικαίως (‘righteously’) and 3:5’s ‘works done in righteousness’; every adjectival/adverbial form must remain transparently built on ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ, never drifting toward the bare noun ਧਰਮ.
Justification
Approved rendering: ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ
Transliteration: dharmi thehraya jana
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਫ਼ੀ ਮਿਲਣੀ
Original: δικαιωθέντες (δικαίωσις)
Category: Salvation
Compound phrase required for the forensic, declared-righteous sense; never abbreviate to ਮਾਫ਼ੀ alone. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7’s δικαιωθέντες directly precedes ‘heirs’ (ਵਾਰਸ) — the compound phrase must be preserved intact given the compounded doctrinal weight of justification tied to heirship.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Original: σωτηρία (root of σωτήρ)
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL AND DISTINCT FROM OTHER LANGUAGES: retained per established Punjabi Bible precedent despite overlap with Sikh liberation vocabulary; MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence. Inherited from Romans package. In Titus this noun-family underlies ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ (Savior, 6x) and ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਇਕ (σωτήριος, 2:11, ‘salvation-bringing’); the mandatory gloss requirement extends to every compound built on this root, not only to bare occurrences of ਮੁਕਤੀ itself.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: never ਬ੍ਰਹਮ; distinguish carefully from Sikh ਜੋਤ (sequential Guru-transmission doctrine). Inherited from Romans package. The direct agent of ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ (regeneration) and ਨਵੀਨੀਕਰਨ (renewal) in Titus 3:5 — theologically the single most load-bearing occurrence of this term in the letter.
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13 and 3:4 both apply ‘God’ language directly to the person also called Savior/Jesus Christ, so Deity-of-Christ vigilance is heightened throughout this letter.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: use the established Punjabi Christian form; ਈਸਾ carries a distinct Islamic Christology and is not used in this Gurmukhi curriculum. Inherited from Romans package.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
The Anointed One fulfilling Old Testament promise, not one of several divine figures or gurus. Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Established Punjabi Christian term; NEVER ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the implicit Lordship framing throughout Titus’s household and civic instructions; δεσπόταις (‘masters,’ 2:9) is a distinct human-authority term and must never be confused with ਪ੍ਰਭੂ.
Savior
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀਦਾਤਾ
Transliteration: mukti-data
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a bare transliterated loanword (no established Punjabi Christian precedent), ਬਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ (generic rescuer, insufficiently doctrinally anchored)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New term for Titus, built transparently on the retained ਮੁਕਤੀ root. Occurs six times (1:3, 1:4, 2:10, 2:13, 3:4, 3:6) applied to BOTH God the Father and Jesus Christ. Every occurrence inherits the mandatory Sikh/Christian ਮੁਕਤੀ distinction gloss. Titus 2:13’s ‘our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ’ is the single highest-stakes Deity-of-Christ clause in the letter: one grammatical unit naming one person with two titles, never two separate figures, and never a ‘great teacher who brings liberation’ read as one guru-figure among others.
Paliggenesia
Approved rendering: ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ
Transliteration: nav-janam
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ (forbidden — Hindu/Sikh transmigration), ਆਵਾਗਵਣ (forbidden — Gurbani transmigration-cycle term)
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
HIGHEST-PRIORITY new entry in this entire package. The Greek root itself means ‘birth again,’ making the collision risk with forbidden transmigration vocabulary closer here than for ‘resurrection’ anywhere in the Romans baseline. ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ (the vernacular idiom already used in Punjabi evangelical preaching for ‘born again’) is selected, but REQUIRES a MANDATORY clarifying gloss on every occurrence, structurally identical to the baseline’s ਮੁਕਤੀ gloss rule: a decisive, once-for-all spiritual re-creation by the Holy Spirit in this present life, never one birth within a continuing multi-life cycle from which one is gradually released.
Self Giving Atonement
Approved rendering: ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤਾ
Transliteration: apne aap nu sade lai de ditta
Doctrine: Atonement and Substitution
Rejected alternatives: a generic ‘example of love’ paraphrase (rejected — loses substitution)
Original: ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation
New doctrinal phrase (Titus 2:14). Parallels Romans 3:25’s atonement/propitiation escalation trigger in the baseline system. Must preserve substitution — Christ as both the one giving and the gift given — not softened to a generic example of love.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Established Punjabi Christian term, “good news.” Distinguish from any generic positive announcement; the gospel is the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen. Inherited from Romans package. In Titus, gospel content is summarized in 2:11-14 and 3:4-7; must convey the specific historical proclamation, not one teaching among Punjab’s several scriptural traditions.
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Sikh theology already has a developed grace vocabulary (ਕਿਰਪਾ/ਨਦਰ) that is genuinely gift-like but Guru-mediated; every use must make the exclusivity of its source in Christ explicit. Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 2:11 grace itself is the subject that ‘appears’ in history; in 3:5-7 it stands in direct antithesis to works — keep this antithesis absolute, and keep ਕਿਰਪਾ distinct from ਦਇਆ (mercy) in 3:4-5 rather than letting the two blend into one undifferentiated divine-benevolence concept.
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
The Punjabi Bible Society’s standard rendering: personal trust in Christ, not generalized devotional reverence or Sufi-idiom steadfastness. Inherited from Romans package. Governs Titus 1:1, 1:4, 1:13, 2:2, 3:15 — the shared, propositional Christian faith Paul and Titus hold in common, not interfaith commonality.
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
NEVER use ਗੁਰੂ, reserved exclusively for the Ten Gurus and the Guru Granth Sahib in Sikh usage. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 opens the letter with Paul’s apostolic self-identification, grounding his authority to instruct Titus on elder appointment (1:5-9) and sound doctrine (1:9).
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
Original: ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
God’s sovereign, personal choice; never ਕਿਸਮਤ (fate). Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1: Paul’s apostleship serves ‘the faith of God’s elect.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
God’s radiant honor and presence; avoid ਜੋਤ (Sikh divine-light-transmission doctrine). Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13: ‘the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior’ — the future, glorious second coming, kept theologically distinct from 2:11’s humble first appearing of grace.
Law
Approved rendering: ਬਿਵਸਥਾ
Transliteration: bivastha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
The Mosaic law; NEVER ਧਰਮ or ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:9: μάχας νομικάς, ‘fights about the law’ — a historically Jewish-Christian controversy requiring a brief background note.
Sin
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Original: ἁμαρτία (implicit; cf. ἀνομία, ἀσέβεια)
Category: Sin
Moral transgression before a personal God, distinct from ritual impurity or accumulated bad karma. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the vice-catalogue of Titus 3:3, the ‘before’ state that grace in 3:4-7 decisively rescues from.
Adoption
Approved rendering: ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ
Transliteration: dattak putrata
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ਗੋਦ ਲੈਣਾ
Original: υἱοθεσία (implicit in κληρονόμοι)
Category: Salvation
Emphasizes full son-status with complete inheritance rights, not reduced status. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7’s κληρονόμοι (‘heirs’) presupposes this framework directly.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: pavittarikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ
Original: ἁγιασμός (implicit; cf. παιδεύουσα, εὐσέβεια)
Category: Sanctification
The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy, distinct from ritual purification. Inherited from Romans package. Background doctrine for the entire ‘grace trains for godly living’ theme of Titus 2:11-14; keep distinct from ਨਵੀਨੀਕਰਨ (renewal, 3:5).
Epiphaneia
Approved rendering: ਪਰਗਟ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: pargat hona
Doctrine: Second Coming and the Blessed Hope
Rejected alternatives: ਅਵਤਾਰ ਲੈਣਾ (forbidden avatar-descent language), a transliterated loanword (theologically inert, no Punjabi Bible currency)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπεφάνη
Category: Christology
New term. Denotes a decisive, historical shining-forth/becoming-visible. Used for BOTH Christ’s first coming (2:11, 3:4 — grace appearing in humility) and second coming (2:13 — glory appearing in power); keep the two occurrences theologically distinct in translator notes, and never let this vocabulary suggest a repeatable avatar-descent.
Loutron
Approved rendering: ਧੋਣਾ
Transliteration: dhona
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ਇਸ਼ਨਾਨ (forbidden — Amrit Sanchar / Hindu ritual purification bathing), ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ (too close to the baseline’s rejected sanctification alternative)
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Salvation
New term, Titus 3:5. ਇਸ਼ਨਾਨ is explicitly rejected because it would reintroduce exactly the works-based ritual cleansing 3:5’s opening clause (‘not by works done in righteousness’) forbids. Requires a translator note in every occurrence that this washing is Spirit-wrought, not self- or priest-administered, and is paired in the same verse with ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ — the two terms compound each other’s risk if either gloss is omitted.
Eusebeia
Approved rendering: ਭਗਤੀ
Transliteration: bhagti
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ਭਗਤੀ standing alone (too easily heard as generic bhakti-devotionalism)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New term. ਭਗਤੀ is the standard Punjabi word for devotional piety across Hindu bhakti traditions and the Bhagat/Sant strand within the Guru Granth Sahib itself. Must always be qualified as ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਭਗਤੀ / ਮਸੀਹ ਵਿੱਚ ਭਗਤੀ (1:1, 2:12) so it is not heard as a generic devotional path interchangeable with bhakti-marga or Naam-simran practice.
Didaskalia Hygiainousa
Approved rendering: ਖਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ
Transliteration: khari sikkhia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (weaker — merely ‘correct’ rather than ‘healthy/genuine’)
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα
Category: Church
New term, signature Pastoral-Epistles phrase (1:9, 2:1). Must not read as ‘one valid teaching path among several’ in Punjab’s plural religious landscape, where multiple scriptural traditions each claim internal soundness; anchor explicitly to apostolic teaching as its sole and exclusive standard in every load-bearing occurrence.
Ergon Agathon
Approved rendering: ਭਲੇ ਕੰਮ
Transliteration: bhale kamm
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: ਸੇਵਾ (risk of reading as merit-earning selfless service in Sikh ethical usage)
Original: ἔργον ἀγαθόν / καλόν
Category: Sanctification
New term; the recurring hinge vocabulary of Titus (1:16; 2:7, 2:14; 3:1, 3:8, 3:14). Must always be positioned as the FRUIT of grace/regeneration, never its CAUSE. Titus 1:16 also uses the term negatively (‘professing to know God but denying him by works’) — translators must not blur this accusing sense with the positive fruit-doctrine sense elsewhere.
Presbyteros
Approved rendering: ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ
Transliteration: bazurg
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ (forbidden — Sikh Gurdwara scripture-custodian/officiant), ਗੁਰੂ (forbidden per baseline)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New term. NEVER ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ — same category-error class as baseline’s ਗੁਰੂ prohibition for apostle. A Christian elder’s authority derives from character and delegated stewardship within a local ਮੰਡਲੀ, not custodianship of a scripture treated as a living Guru. Always pair with ਮੰਡਲੀ context; keep distinct from ਬਿਰਧ (mere old age, 2:2-3’s πρεσβύτης/πρεσβύτις).
Episkopos
Approved rendering: ਨਿਗਾਹਬਾਨ
Transliteration: nigahban
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
New term. Must read as an accountable shepherding role within a congregation (1:7, treated as the same office as πρεσβύτερος), not an independent charismatic figure with a personal following comparable to a Sant or dera leader.
Eleos
Approved rendering: ਦਇਆ
Transliteration: daya
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: ਨਦਰ (Sikh Guru-mediated gracious glance, rejected)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term, distinct from ਕਿਰਪਾ (free unmerited gift) — ਦਇਆ responds specifically to a condition of need (Titus 3:5). Sikh devotional vocabulary pairs daya and kirpa as divine attributes; keep both terms anchored to the specific historical Christ-event of 3:4-5, not a general divine disposition reached through Naam-simran.
Lytrosis
Approved rendering: ਨਿਸਤਾਰਾ / ਛੁਡਾਉਣਾ
Transliteration: nistara / chhudauna
Doctrine: Atonement and Substitution
Rejected alternatives: ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ (avoided — overlaps with a term already rejected for ਮੁਕਤੀ in the baseline)
Original: λυτρόω (λυτρώσηται, 2:14)
Category: Salvation
New term. Must retain the ‘price paid’ sense (Christ’s self-giving in Titus 2:14), not softened to generic rescue.
Hypotassesthai
Approved rendering: ਅਧੀਨ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: adhin hona
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσεσθαι
Category: Church
New term, occurring three times in Titus (civil authorities 3:1; wives 2:5; slaves 2:9). Must be taught as voluntary, gospel-motivated submission within proper limits (never requiring disobedience to God); never conflated with a Guru-disciple (ਗੁਰੂ-ਸਿੱਖ) hierarchy or Sant-dera follower relationship.
Katharos
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ / ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Transliteration: pavittar / shudh
Doctrine: Inward Purity versus Ritual Purity
Original: καθαρός / καθαρά
Category: Sanctification
New term (Titus 1:15). Flashpoint risk if read as endorsing or denying dietary/ritual purity rules (jhatka/kutha meat distinctions, Hindu purity codes) rather than the intended inward moral-spiritual condition tied to faith; requires a translator note.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Original: ἅγιος / ὅσιος
Category: Sanctification
Set apart for God and morally pure; area of genuine overlap with Sikh usage rather than a collision risk. Inherited from Romans package. Covers ὅσιον in the elder virtue-list (1:8) and the conduct expected of older women (2:3).
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Relational peace with God through justification, not the Sikh meditative equipoise ਸਹਿਜ. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4’s salutation ‘grace and peace’ (ਕਿਰਪਾ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ) must render both terms exactly as recorded, consistently with every other Pauline salutation in this curriculum.
Church
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: mandli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ਮੰਦਰ
The established term for the doctrinal Church; never ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ or ਮੰਦਰ. Inherited from Romans package. Implicit throughout Titus, especially as the setting presupposed by the eldership instructions of 1:5-9.
Asebeia
Approved rendering: ਅਭਗਤੀ
Transliteration: abhagti
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
New term, negative pole of ਭਗਤੀ (Titus 2:12). Carries the same qualification requirement in reverse — must clearly denote irreverence toward the God revealed in Christ, not a generic vice term.
Didaskalia
Approved rendering: ਸਿੱਖਿਆ
Transliteration: sikkhia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: διδασκαλία
Category: Church
New term, base noun underlying ਖਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ. Risk rises to High only when qualified by ‘sound’; used generically at 2:10 (κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν, ‘adorn the teaching’).
Anakainosis
Approved rendering: ਨਵੀਨੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: naveenikaran
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
New term, pairs with ਨਵ-ਜਨਮ as the Spirit’s ongoing renewing work following the once-for-all new birth (Titus 3:5); keep distinct from ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ (sanctification).
Laos Periousios
Approved rendering: ਆਪਣੀ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਪਰਜਾ
Transliteration: apni niji parja
Doctrine: Church as God’s Own People
Rejected alternatives: a qaum-based rendering (rejected — wrong ethnic/political register)
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Church
New term; LXX covenant-identity language (Exodus 19:5) applied to the Church (Titus 2:14). Must read as a chosen relational identity in Christ, not an ethnic or qaum designation.
Archai Exousiai
Approved rendering: ਹਾਕਮ ਅਤੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ
Transliteration: hakam ate adhikari
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι
Category: Church
New term, Titus 3:1. Civil government; flag for native speaker review per the baseline’s Romans 13 pattern.
Epitage
Approved rendering: ਆਦੇਸ਼
Transliteration: adesh
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: ਹੁਕਮ (reserved strictly for the plain secular civil-authority sense)
Original: ἐπιταγή
Category: Church
New term, Titus 2:15. Deliberately not ਹੁਕਮ for apostolic/divine command, per the system instruction against unexplained Sikh liturgical vocabulary substituting for Christian doctrinal terms.
Anomia
Approved rendering: ਬਦੀ
Transliteration: badi
Doctrine: Atonement and Substitution
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ (avoided — reintroduces the forbidden ਧਰਮ root)
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
New term, Titus 2:14. Deliberately avoids any ਧਰਮ-root compound to prevent reintroducing the dharmic frame the baseline strictly forbids for ‘righteousness.‘
Hairetikos Anthropos
Approved rendering: ਫੁੱਟ ਪਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ
Transliteration: futt pauna wala vyakti
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
New term, Titus 3:10. Root of English ‘heretic’ but narrower here (party-strife, not a fixed doctrinal-heresy category). Must describe someone persistently sowing division after warning, not merely someone who disagrees once — sensitive given Punjab’s live interfamily and inter-community factionalism, including within Sikh panth politics.
Elpis
Approved rendering: ਆਸ
Transliteration: aas
Doctrine: Second Coming and the Blessed Hope
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term (1:2, 2:13, 3:7). Must convey certain, grounded expectation anchored in God’s promise, not vague wishing or a liberation-by-degrees hope-model.
Zoe Aionios
Approved rendering: ਸਦੀਪਕ ਜੀਵਨ
Transliteration: sadipak jivan
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
New term (1:2, 3:7). Distinguish from moksha/mukti-as-merger-with-the-Absolute frameworks; unending personal relational life with God, not dissolution of the self.
Kleronomos
Approved rendering: ਵਾਰਸ
Transliteration: varas
Doctrine: Adoption and Heirship
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New term (Titus 3:7). Connects justification directly to the baseline’s ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ doctrine — full inheritance rights follow declared righteousness, guarding against a lower-status reading drawn from customary Punjabi inheritance practice.
Doulos
Approved rendering: ਦਾਸ
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
New term. Positive self-identification (total ownership by God) at 1:1; household-code social-structure term at 2:9 requiring a context note distinguishing the two senses and clarifying this is not an endorsement of slavery as an institution.
Sophrosyne
Approved rendering: ਸੰਜਮ
Transliteration: sanjam
Doctrine: Self-Control and Temperate Living
Rejected alternatives: ਤਪ (ascetic austerity, risk of a merit-earning reading), ਸਿਮਰਨ (Naam-simran meditative discipline, wrong register)
Original: σωφροσύνη / σώφρων
Category: Sanctification
New term; OPPORTUNITY word carrying positive self-discipline connotations in Sikh ethical vocabulary without contradictory theology, provided it is anchored consistently as fruit of grace’s training (2:12) rather than self-effort building spiritual merit.
Oikonomos
Approved rendering: ਭੰਡਾਰੀ
Transliteration: bhandari
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
New term (Titus 1:7). Reinforces eldership as delegated stewardship, not personal ownership of authority.
Kerygma
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚਾਰ
Transliteration: prachar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Church
New term (Titus 1:3). Reuses the baseline’s ਪਰਚਾਰ (‘mission’) for this closely related proclamation sense.
Kosmikai Epithymiai
Approved rendering: ਸੰਸਾਰਿਕ ਵਾਸਨਾਵਾਂ
Transliteration: sansarik vasnavan
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sin
New term, Titus 2:12.
Anegkletos
Approved rendering: ਬੇਦੋਸ਼ / ਦੋਸ਼ ਰਹਿਤ
Transliteration: bedosh / dosh rahit
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church
New term, elder qualification (Titus 1:6, 1:7).
Mias Gynaikos Aner
Approved rendering: ਇੱਕ ਪਤਨੀ ਦਾ ਪਤੀ
Transliteration: ikk patni da pati
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: a bare marital-status statement without the character sense (rejected — loses the fidelity idiom)
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
New term, idiom for marital faithfulness (Titus 1:6). Must be rendered for its faithfulness sense, not a bare monogamy checkbox; requires a teaching note.
Anypotakta
Approved rendering: ਅਣਆਗਿਆਕਾਰ
Transliteration: anaagiakar
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνυπότακτα
Category: Church
New term (Titus 1:6, 1:10). Negative case of ਅਧੀਨ ਹੋਣਾ, linking to the Submission to Authority doctrine as its counter-example.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: utshahit karna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Context-sensitive: ਬੇਨਤੀ for beseeching, ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ for building up. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:15.
Morai Zeteseis
Approved rendering: ਮੂਰਖਤਾ ਭਰੀਆਂ ਬਹਿਸਾਂ
Transliteration: murakhta bhariyan behsan
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Church
New term, Titus 3:9.
Genealogiai
Approved rendering: ਕੁਲਪੱਤਰੀਆਂ
Transliteration: kulpatriyan
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Church
New term, Titus 3:9.
Chrestotes
Approved rendering: ਦਿਆਲਤਾ
Transliteration: dayalta
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
New term, Titus 3:4.
Philanthropia
Approved rendering: ਮਨੁੱਖਾਂ ਲਈ ਪਿਆਰ
Transliteration: manukkhan lai pyar
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
New term, Titus 3:4.
Pistos Ho Logos
Approved rendering: ਇਹ ਬਚਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸਯੋਗ ਹੈ
Transliteration: ih bachan vishvasyog hai
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: preserved as an opaque transliterated liturgical tag (rejected — must be intelligible Punjabi prose, unlike ਆਮੀਨ/ਹਲਲੂਯਾਹ)
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Church
New term. Fixed Pastoral Epistles formula sealing Titus 3:4-7 as settled, non-negotiable doctrine.
Peritome
Approved rendering: ਸੁੰਨਤੀ ਧੜਾ
Transliteration: sunnati dhara
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς
Category: Church
New term (Titus 1:10). Historical Jewish-Christian faction; low contemporary resonance in Punjab, but flag for a brief Old Covenant background note.
Ioudaikoi Mythoi
Approved rendering: ਯਹੂਦੀ ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ
Transliteration: yahudi kahaniyan
Doctrine: Old Covenant Background and Jewish Myths
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι
Category: Church
New term (Titus 1:14). Must read as a specific historical polemic against speculative legalistic elaboration, not a blanket dismissal of the Old Testament.
Entolai Anthropon
Approved rendering: ਮਨੁੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਹੁਕਮ
Transliteration: manukkhan de hukam
Doctrine: False Teachers and False Teaching
Original: ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων
Category: Church
New term (Titus 1:14). ਹੁਕਮ is safe here since explicitly attributed to mere human beings, the opposite of divine authority, avoiding confusion with Sikh liturgical usage.
Titus
Approved rendering: ਤੀਤੁਸ
Transliteration: Titus
Doctrine: n/a (proper name)
Original: Τίτος
Category: Church
Proper name; Paul’s co-worker and recipient of the letter, left to organize the church in Crete. Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form.
Crete
Approved rendering: ਕਰੇਤੇ
Transliteration: Krete
Doctrine: n/a (proper name)
Original: Κρήτη
Category: Church
Proper place name; the island where Titus was left to appoint elders. Established Punjabi Bible proper-name form.
Referenced passages