Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Matthew 1–28 (Punjabi)
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans Language Package)
These renderings are fixed by translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered for the Matthew curriculum.
| Term | Punjabi (fixed) | Risk | Key Matthew Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ | Critical | Throughout |
| Jesus | ਯਿਸੂ | Critical | Throughout |
| Messiah/Christ | ਮਸੀਹ | Critical | 1:1,16-18; 2:4; 11:2; 16:16,20; 22:42; 23:10; 24:5,23; 26:63,68; 27:17,22 |
| Lord | ਪ੍ਰਭੂ | Critical | 7:21-22; 8:2,25; 9:38; 22:44-45; 25:37-44 |
| Son of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | 3:17; 4:3,6; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 26:63; 27:40,43,54 |
| Holy Spirit | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ | Critical | 1:18,20; 3:11,16; 4:1; 12:28,31-32; 28:19 |
| Father | ਪਿਤਾ | Critical | 5-7 (Sermon on the Mount); 6:9; 11:27; 28:19 |
| Incarnation | ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ | Critical | 1:18-23 (theological frame for the Emmanuel/virgin birth narrative) |
| Resurrection | ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ | Critical | 16:21; 17:23; 20:19; 22:23-33; 27:53,63-64; 28:1-10 |
| David | ਦਾਊਦ | Medium | 1:1,6,17,20; 9:27; 12:3,23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45 |
| Israel | ਇਸਰਾਏਲ | Medium | 2:6,20-21; 8:10; 9:33; 10:6,23; 15:24,31; 19:28; 27:9,42 |
| Faith | ਨਿਹਚਾ | High | 8:10,13,26; 9:2,22,29; 14:31; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21-22 |
| Sin | ਪਾਪ | High | 1:21; 3:6; 6:14-15; 9:2-6; 12:31; 18:15,21; 26:28 |
| Law | ਬਿਵਸਥਾ | High | 5:17-18; 7:12; 11:13; 12:5; 22:36,40; 23:23 |
| Covenant | ਨੇਮ | High | 26:28 |
| Election | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ | High | 22:14; 24:22,24,31 |
| Gentiles | ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ | Medium | 4:15; 6:32; 10:5,18; 12:18,21; 20:19 |
| Church | ਮੰਡਲੀ | Medium | 16:18; 18:17 |
| Kingdom of God | ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ | Medium | 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43 (occasional Matthean synonym for “kingdom of heaven”; see Section B for Matthew’s characteristic phrase) |
| Glory | ਮਹਿਮਾ | High | 6:29; 16:27; 17:2,5; 19:28; 24:30; 25:31 |
| Prophet | ਨਬੀ | Low | 1:22; 2:5,15,17,23; 5:12,17; 7:12,15; 11:9,13; 13:17,57; 21:4,11,46; 23:29-37 |
| Prophecy | ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ | Low | Fulfillment-quotation formula throughout chs. 1-2, 4, 8, 12-13, 21, 27 |
| Saints | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ | High | 27:52 |
| Called/Calling | ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ / ਸੱਦਾ | High | 5:9; 22:14; 4:21 (call of disciples) |
| Apostle | ਰਸੂਲ | High | 10:2 |
| Salvation/Saved | ਮੁਕਤੀ | Critical | 1:21; 19:25; 24:13,22; 27:42 — mandatory Sikh/Christian mukti-distinction gloss applies to every load-bearing occurrence per baseline rule |
(Additional baseline terms — grace, justification, sanctification, adoption, peace, spiritual gifts, thanksgiving, fellowship, obedience of faith, power of God, providence, mission, intercession, imputed righteousness — appear conceptually in Matthew’s broader theology but have no single load-bearing Matthean occurrence requiring a fresh citation here; if a Phase 2 segment surfaces any of these terms, use the baseline rendering exactly.)
Section B — New Terms Required for the Matthew Curriculum
Full field analysis for each term is in 07_semantic_analysis.md. Risk tiers proposed here are recommended for formal addition to an extended doctrine_risk_registry.json in Step 9.
| # | Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Punjabi Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Occurrences | Rationale Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kingdom of Heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν / basileia tōn ouranōn | ਸੁਰਗ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ | High | The Kingdom of Heaven | 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; 13 (parables); 18:1-4; 19:14,23; throughout | ਸੁਰਗ risks collision with Hindu/Sikh svarga as a temporary heavenly reward-realm within the rebirth cycle; requires mandatory clarifying gloss on load-bearing occurrences, parallel to ਮੁਕਤੀ |
| 2 | Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ / huios Dauid | ਦਾਊਦ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David | 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45 | Specific messianic-royal title; must retain full Davidic-Covenant force, distinct from baseline’s genealogical “seed of David” |
| 3 | Emmanuel / God with us | Ἐμμανουήλ / Emmanouēl | ਇਮਾਨੂਏਲ (ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ) | Critical | Incarnation | 1:23; echoed at 28:20 | Names the Incarnation doctrine; requires the appositional gloss every occurrence |
| 4 | Virgin | παρθένος / parthenos | ਕੁਆਰੀ | Critical | Incarnation | 1:23 | Grounds the miraculous, historical, unrepeatable virginal conception; never soften |
| 5 | Fulfill | πληρόω / plēroō | ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰਨਾ / ਪੂਰਾ ਹੋਣਾ | High | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 5:17; 8:17; 12:17; 13:14,35; 21:4; 26:54,56; 27:9 | Linear historical completion, not cyclical repetition |
| 6 | Worship (of Christ) | προσκυνέω / proskyneō | ਮੱਥਾ ਟੇਕਣਾ / ਉਪਾਸਨਾ ਕਰਨਾ | High | Deity of Christ | 2:2,11; 8:2; 14:33; 28:9,17 | Collides with the culturally normed gesture of reverence before Guru Granth Sahib/elders; context must secure the exclusive-worship sense |
| 7 | King of the Jews | βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων / basileus tōn Ioudaiōn | ਯਹੂਦੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ | Medium | Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David | 2:2; 27:11,29,37 | Political-messianic title; guard against nationalist/political-kingdom misreading |
| 8 | Baptize / Baptism | βαπτίζω, βάπτισμα / baptizō, baptisma | ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ ਦੇਣਾ, ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ | High | The Great Commission | 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19 | Must be distinguished from Khalsa Amrit Sanchar initiation as a comparable decisive rite |
| 9 | Repent / Repentance | μετανοέω, μετάνοια / metanoeō, metanoia | ਤੋਬਾ ਕਰਨਾ | Medium | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Kingdom of Heaven | 3:2,8,11; 4:17; 11:20-21; 12:41 | Established Perso-Arabic-Punjabi loanword shared with Islamic/Sufi usage; ensure full turning-to-God sense |
| 10 | Temptation / Tempt | πειρασμός, πειράζω / peirasmos, peirazō | ਪਰਤਾਵਾ | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching (Christ’s sinlessness) | 4:1,3,7; 6:13; 26:41 | Distinguish hostile enticement to sin from neutral testing |
| 11 | Follow (discipleship) | ἀκολουθέω / akoloutheō | ਪਿੱਛੇ ਚੱਲਣਾ / ਮਗਰ ਲੱਗਣਾ | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 4:20,22; 8:19-23; 9:9; 19:27-29 | Personal, costly allegiance to Jesus specifically |
| 12 | Blessed | μακάριος / makarios | ਧੰਨ | Medium | The Kingdom of Heaven | 5:3-11 | Divine favor/flourishing, not luck/fortune (ਭਾਗ) |
| 13 | Poor in Spirit | πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι / ptōchoi tō pneumati | ਆਤਮਾ ਦੇ ਗਰੀਬ | Medium | The Kingdom of Heaven | 5:3 | Spiritual bankruptcy/dependence, not economic poverty alone |
| 14 | Meek | πραΐς / praus | ਹਲੀਮ | Low-Medium | The Kingdom of Heaven | 5:5 | Strength under control, not weakness |
| 15 | Merciful | ἐλεήμων / eleēmōn | ਦਯਾਵਾਨ | Medium | The Kingdom of Heaven | 5:7; 9:13; 18:33; 25:31-46 | Covenant mercy rooted in God’s character, not generic compassion |
| 16 | Pure in Heart | καθαρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ / katharos tē kardia | ਮਨ ਦੇ ਪਵਿੱਤਰ | Medium | The Kingdom of Heaven | 5:8; 15:10-20 | Inward moral integrity, not ritual purity |
| 17 | Peacemakers | εἰρηνοποιός / eirēnopoios | ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ | Medium | The Kingdom of Heaven | 5:9 | Active reconciliation, reflecting the Adoption/sonship doctrine |
| 18 | Perfect | τέλειος / teleios | ਸੰਪੂਰਨ | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 5:48; 19:21 | Wholeness of God-reflecting character, not self-achieved sinless perfectionism |
| 19 | Exceed(ing) Righteousness | περισσεύω / perisseuō | ਵਧੀਕ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 5:20 | Inward, Spirit-produced righteousness, not stricter rule-keeping |
| 20 | Hypocrite | ὑποκριτής / hypokritēs | ਕਪਟੀ | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 6:2,5,16; 15:7; 22:18; 23:13-29 | Performed piety vs. genuine devotion |
| 21 | Mammon | μαμωνᾶς / mamōnas | ਮੰਮੋਨ | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 6:24 | Personified wealth as rival master; needs explanatory bridge |
| 22 | Judge (condemn) | κρίνω / krinō | ਨਿਆਂ ਕਰਨਾ | Medium | Judgment and the End of the Age | 7:1-2 | Distinguish forbidden censorious judgment from legitimate church discipline (ch. 18) |
| 23 | Authority | ἐξουσία / exousia | ਅਧਿਕਾਰ | High | The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 21:23-27; 28:18 | Inherent, self-authenticating divine authority |
| 24 | Scribes | γραμματεῖς / grammateis | ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰੀ | High | The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 7:29; 9:3; 12:38; 15:1; 16:21; 20:18; 23:1-34 | NEVER ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ — reserved Sikh institutional title for the Guru Granth Sahib’s custodian/reader |
| 25 | Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου / huios tou anthrōpou | ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah; Judgment and the End of the Age | 8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:13,27-28; 24:27,30,37,44; 25:31; 26:64 | Danielic humanity-plus-divine-authority title; distinct from Son of God |
| 26 | Little Faith | ὀλιγόπιστος / oligopistos | ਥੋੜ੍ਹੀ ਨਿਹਚਾ | High (inherited) | Faith | 6:30; 8:26; 14:31; 16:8 | Must retain ਨਿਹਚਾ exactly per baseline |
| 27 | Forgiveness of Sins (authority to) | ἀφίημι / aphiēmi | ਪਾਪ ਮਾਫ਼ ਕਰਨਾ | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; Deity of Christ | 9:2-6; 26:28 | The authority to forgive, paired with ਅਧਿਕਾਰ, is the load-bearing claim |
| 28 | Cross / Take up the Cross | σταυρός / stauros | ਸਲੀਬ, ਸਲੀਬ ਚੁੱਕਣਾ | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 10:38; 16:24; 27:32,40 (literal) | Metaphorical use must retain total, costly, public allegiance sense |
| 29 | Disciple | μαθητής / mathētēs | ਚੇਲਾ | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Throughout; climactically 28:19 | Established but culturally overlaps with guru-devotee vocabulary; every load-bearing use needs allegiance-to-the-unique-Lord framing |
| 30 | Yoke | ζυγός / zygos | ਜੂਲਾ | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 11:29-30 | Contrast with Pharisaic burden must not collapse into generic guru-submission imagery |
| 31 | Rest (in Christ) | ἀνάπαυσις / anapausis | ਅਰਾਮ | Low-Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 11:28-29 | Distinguish from Sikh ਸਹਿਜ (meditative equipoise) |
| 32 | Sabbath | σάββατον / sabbaton | ਸਬਤ | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 12:1-12 | Lordship over the Law, not mere lenient interpretation |
| 33 | Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία τοῦ Πνεύματος / blasphēmia tou Pneumatos | ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਨਿੰਦਾ | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 12:31-32 | Settled, final rejection of the Spirit’s testimony; requires careful pastoral framing |
| 34 | Parable | παραβολή / parabolē | ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਂਤ | Low | The Kingdom of Heaven | 13; throughout | Established Bible-translation term |
| 35 | Mystery | μυστήριον / mystērion | ਭੇਤ | Medium | The Kingdom of Heaven | 13:11 | Disclosed by grace, not esoteric attainment through practice |
| 36 | Tradition of the Elders | παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων / paradosis tōn presbyterōn | ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੀਤ | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 15:1-9 | Subordinated to, sometimes contradicting, God’s actual commandment |
| 37 | Defile | κοινόω / koinoō | ਅਸ਼ੁੱਧ ਕਰਨਾ | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 15:10-20 | Heart-source, not ritual-source, of defilement |
| 38 | ”You are the Christ, the Son of the living God” (Peter’s confession) | Σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος | ਤੂੰ ਮਸੀਹ, ਜੀਵਤ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਹੈਂ | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David; Deity of Christ | 16:16 | Render with full doctrinal weight every occurrence; do not paraphrase |
| 39 | Keys of the Kingdom | κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας / kleis tēs basileias | ਰਾਜ ਦੀਆਂ ਕੁੰਜੀਆਂ | High | The Church and Church Discipline | 16:19 | Delegated declarative authority, not independent/magical power |
| 40 | Bind and Loose | δέω / λύω | ਬੰਨ੍ਹਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣਾ | High | The Church and Church Discipline | 16:19; 18:18 | Authoritative declaration under heaven’s prior sanction, not ritual binding/exorcistic practice |
| 41 | Deny Oneself | ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν / aparneomai heauton | ਆਪੇ ਤੋਂ ਇਨਕਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 16:24 | Renunciation for Christ’s sake, not ascetic self-denial as an independent spiritual technique |
| 42 | Transfigured | μεταμορφόω / metamorphoō | ਰੂਪ ਬਦਲਣਾ | Medium | Deity of Christ | 17:2 | Unveiling of pre-existing glory, not attainment through practice |
| 43 | Church Discipline Procedure | (18:15-17 unit) | ਮੰਡਲੀ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ | High | The Church and Church Discipline | 18:15-17 | Restorative intent; distinguish from caste-style communal exclusion |
| 44 | Little Ones | μικρός / mikros | ਛੋਟੇ / ਨਿੱਕੇ | Low | The Church and Church Discipline | 18:6,10,14 | Standard vocabulary |
| 45 | Eternal Life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios | ਸਦੀਪਕ ਜੀਵਨ | Critical | Salvation; Judgment and the End of the Age | 19:16,29; 25:46 | Single unending personal life, not a superior temporary state within a rebirth cycle |
| 46 | Serve / Service | διακονέω / diakoneō | ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨਾ | Medium | The Great Commission; Discipleship | 20:26-28 | Genuine positive overlap with Sikh ਸੇਵਾ; must stay anchored to Christ’s specific self-giving act |
| 47 | Ransom | λύτρον / lytron | ਛੁਟਕਾਰੇ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਲ | Critical | Salvation | 20:28 | Distinct from ਮੁਕਤੀ; pair ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ with ਮੁੱਲ to keep the price/atonement sense clear |
| 48 | Hosanna | ὡσαννά / hōsanna | ਹੋਸੰਨਾ | Low | Jesus as the Promised Messiah | 21:9,15 | Established liturgical transliteration |
| 49 | Cornerstone | κεφαλὴ γωνίας / kephalē gōnias | ਖੂੰਜੇ ਦਾ ਪੱਥਰ | Medium | Jesus as the Promised Messiah | 21:42 | Rejection-then-vindication narrative arc must be retained |
| 50 | Greatest Commandment (Love) | ἀγαπήσεις / agapēseis | ਪਿਆਰ ਕਰੋ | Medium | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | 22:37-40 | Totalizing covenant loyalty, not mere sentiment |
| 51 | ”David’s Son and David’s Lord” | Πῶς…καλεῖ αὐτὸν Κύριον | (reuses ਦਾਊਦ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ + ਪ੍ਰਭੂ) | Critical | Deity of Christ; Lordship of Christ | 22:41-45 | Preserve the paradox; do not resolve or smooth over |
| 52 | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι / Pharisaioi | ਫ਼ਰੀਸੀ | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 3:7; 5:20; 9:11,34; 12:2,14,24,38; 15:1,12; 16:1,6,11-12; 19:3; 22:15,34,41; 23:2-29 | Proper noun for a specific historical party, not a generic “religious hypocrite” caricature |
| 53 | Rabbi (title) | ῥαββί / rhabbi | ਰਬੀ | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | 23:7-8; 26:25,49 | Spell ਰਬੀ not ਰੱਬੀ to avoid ਰੱਬ (“God”) confusion; parallels the ਗੁਰੂ/apostle caution |
| 54 | End of the Age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος / synteleia tou aiōnos | ਜੁਗ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24:3; 28:20 | ਜੁਗ carries Hindu cyclical-yuga freight; mandatory clarifying gloss required on every load-bearing occurrence, on the ਮੁਕਤੀ model |
| 55 | Coming of the Son of Man (parousia) | παρουσία / parousia | ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਦਾ ਆਉਣਾ | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24:27,37,39; 16:27-28 | Visible, public, unmistakable event; not a private spiritual experience |
| 56 | Watchful | γρηγορέω / grēgoreō | ਜਾਗਦੇ ਰਹੋ | Medium | Judgment and the End of the Age | 24:42-44; 25:13; 26:38-41 | Active moral readiness, not literal wakefulness only |
| 57 | Eternal Punishment | κόλασις αἰώνιος / kolasis aiōnios | ਸਦੀਪਕ ਸਜ਼ਾ | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | 25:46 | Unending, conscious judgment; no strict analogue in Hindu/Sikh temporary-afterlife cosmology — needs explanatory note |
| 58 | The Least of These | τοῖς ἐλαχίστοις τούτοις / tois elachistois toutois | ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਛੋਟਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ | Medium | Judgment and the End of the Age | 25:40,45 | Christological identification with the vulnerable must not be lost |
| 59 | Blood of the Covenant | αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης / haima tēs diathēkēs | ਨੇਮ ਦਾ ਲਹੂ | Critical | The Great Commission (Last Supper institution); Salvation | 26:28 | Retain both covenant-ratifying and atoning-sacrifice senses together |
| 60 | Betray / Hand Over | παραδίδωμι / paradidōmi | ਧੋਖਾ ਦੇਣਾ / ਹਵਾਲੇ ਕਰਨਾ | Medium | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | 26:15-16,24,45-46 | Distinguish treacherous betrayal from purposive divine handing-over |
| 61 | Crucify | σταυρόω / stauroō | ਸਲੀਬ ਉੱਤੇ ਚੜ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ | Critical | Jesus as the Promised Messiah; Salvation | 20:19; 26:2; 27:22-26,31,35,38 | Real, historical, bodily death; never allegorize away |
| 62 | ”Why have you forsaken me?” | Θεέ μου…ἐγκατέλιπες / quoting Psalm 22:1 | ਮੇਰੇ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ, ਮੇਰੇ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ, ਤੂੰ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਕਿਉਂ ਤਿਆਗ ਦਿੱਤਾ | High | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Salvation | 27:46 | Retain the psalm’s citation force and its ultimate movement toward vindication |
| 63 | Temple Curtain (torn) | καταπέτασμα / katapetasma | ਹੈਕਲ ਦਾ ਪਰਦਾ | Medium | Salvation | 27:51 | Significance (opened access to God) needs a brief explanatory note |
| 64 | Make Disciples (of all nations) | μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη / mathēteusate panta ta ethnē | ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਚੇਲੇ ਬਣਾਓ | High | The Great Commission | 28:19 | ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ (all nations, including Israel) is broader than baseline’s ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ (gentiles); do not treat as interchangeable |
| 65 | Trinitarian Baptismal Formula | εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | (reuses ਪਿਤਾ, ਪੁੱਤਰ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ) | Critical | The Great Commission | 28:19 | Preserve the singular shared “name” of three Persons if Punjabi syntax allows |
| 66 | ”I am with you always, to the end of the age” | ἐγὼ μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰμι…ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος | ਮੈਂ ਸਦਾ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਹਾਂ, ਜੁਗ ਦੇ ਅੰਤ ਤੱਕ | Critical (inherited) | The Great Commission; Incarnation | 28:20 | Deliberate inclusio with 1:23 (Emmanuel); note the connection for cross-document consistency |
Risk Summary (New Terms Only)
| Risk Tier | Count |
|---|---|
| Critical | 16 |
| High | 15 |
| Medium | 30 |
| Low | 5 |
| Total new terms | 66 |
Priority Flags for Step 9 (Doctrine Risk Registry Extension)
The following new terms require the same mandatory-clarifying-gloss treatment already established for ਮੁਕਤੀ in the baseline, because a natural, established Punjabi Bible rendering is retained despite a genuine collision risk rather than replaced outright:
- ਸੁਰਗ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ (Kingdom of Heaven) — svarga/temporary-heaven collision
- ਜੁਗ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ (End of the Age) — Hindu yuga-cycle collision
- ਚੇਲਾ (Disciple) — guru-devotee collision
- ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰੀ (Scribes) — must never regress to the forbidden ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ
- ਰਬੀ (Rabbi) — spelling discipline required to avoid ਰੱਬ (“God”) collision
See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full field-level justification of every entry in this glossary.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: dharmikta
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਨਿਆਂ
CRITICAL: NEVER use ਧਰਮ. In Matthew 5:6, 5:10, 5:20, and 6:33 the term carries the same forensic, gift-received sense as in Romans; 5:20’s ‘exceeding’ righteousness is inward and Spirit-produced, never stricter external rule-keeping. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Justification
Approved rendering: ਧਰਮੀ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਣਾ
Transliteration: dharmi thehraya jana
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਫ਼ੀ ਮਿਲਣੀ
Compound phrase required for the forensic, declared-righteous sense; never abbreviate to ਮਾਫ਼ੀ alone. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence, but retained for Phase 2 enforcement wherever forensic justification language appears in supporting curriculum material. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Salvation
Approved rendering: ਮੁਕਤੀ
Transliteration: mukti
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ, ਮੋਖ, ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ
Retain ਮੁਕਤੀ per baseline with its MANDATORY Sikh/Christian mukti-distinction gloss on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence. Matthew 1:21 (‘he will save his people from their sins’) is the doctrinally load-bearing first occurrence requiring the gloss from the Gospel’s opening verses; recurs at 16:25; 18:11; 19:25; 24:13,22; 27:42. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ
Transliteration: punar-uthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ, ਆਵਾਗਵਣ
CRITICAL: NEVER use ਪੁਨਰ-ਜਨਮ or ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. Matthew 22:23-33’s Sadducee debate and chapters 16:21, 17:23, 20:19, 27:53,63-64, and 28:1-10 (the resurrection narrative itself) all require ਪੁਨਰ-ਉਥਾਨ exactly. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Lord
Approved rendering: ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਮਾਲਕ, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ
Established Punjabi Christian term. NEVER substitute ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ. Matthew 22:44-45’s ‘how does David call him Lord’ riddle is a direct Christological claim; reuse throughout 7:21-22; 8:2,25; 9:38; 25:37-44. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Puttar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਦੇਵ-ਪੁਰਸ਼
CRITICAL: full phrase required at every occurrence: Matthew 3:17; 4:3,6; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 26:63; 27:40,43,54. Must not read as metaphorical, adoptive, or a spiritual-lineage relationship analogous to a Guru’s chosen successor. Distinct from the new term ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ (Son of Man); keep the two titles visibly separate. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ਦੇਹਧਾਰਨ
Transliteration: dehdharan
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ਅਵਤਾਰ
CRITICAL: NEVER use ਅਵਤਾਰ. Matthew grounds this doctrine narratively in 1:18-23 and nominally in the Emmanuel title; requires an explanatory bridge for Sikh-background readers regarding ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰ (the Formless One), not vocabulary substitution alone. Echoed at 28:20’s closing promise. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Messiah
Approved rendering: ਮਸੀਹ
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Occurs throughout Matthew: 1:1,16-18; 2:4; 11:2; 16:16,20; 22:42; 23:10; 24:5,23; 26:63,68; 27:17,22. Reuse exactly; never one avatar/guru among several. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Jesus
Approved rendering: ਯਿਸੂ
Transliteration: Yisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਈਸਾ
CRITICAL: use the established Punjabi Christian form ਯਿਸੂ throughout the entire Gospel. NEVER ਈਸਾ, the Punjabi Muslim Shahmukhi-script form. [Inherited from Romans package.]
God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ
Transliteration: Parmeshar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, ਭਗਵਾਨ
CRITICAL: NEVER use ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ or ਭਗਵਾਨ. ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ is the settled, neutral Punjabi Christian standard throughout Matthew. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਬ੍ਰਹਮ, ਜੋਤ
CRITICAL: never ਬ੍ਰਹਮ; distinguish from ਜੋਤ. Occurs at Matthew 1:18,20; 3:11,16; 4:1; 12:28,31-32 (blasphemy against the Spirit); 28:19 (Trinitarian formula). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Father
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
God as personal Father. Central to the Sermon on the Mount (chs. 5-7), the Lord’s Prayer (6:9), and the Trinitarian baptismal formula (28:19). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਲੇਖੇ ਲਾਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: lekhe lai dharmikta
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਕਮਾਈ ਹੋਈ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Righteousness credited to the believer by God, NOT earned righteousness. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence but retained for Phase 2 consistency with Romans-based supporting material. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Son Of David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: Daud da puttar
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: generic honorific paraphrase (rejected — loses exclusive messianic-royal force)
Royal-messianic descent title used as direct address/title, distinct from ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ (‘seed of David,’ the baseline’s genealogical lineage phrase). Must retain full Davidic-Covenant, exclusive-messianic force. Occurs at 1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42-45.
Emmanuel
Approved rendering: ਇਮਾਨੂਏਲ (ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ)
Transliteration: Emanuel (Parmeshar sade naal)
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: bare transliteration without gloss (rejected — opaque to non-Hebrew-literate reader)
Theophoric name meaning ‘God with us,’ stating the Incarnation doctrine in name form. Requires the appositional gloss ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ at every occurrence — do not leave the transliteration untranslated. Occurs at 1:23 and is echoed at 28:20’s closing promise (deliberate inclusio).
Virgin
Approved rendering: ਕੁਆਰੀ
Transliteration: kuari
Doctrine: The Virgin Birth
Rejected alternatives: ਮੁੰਡੀਹਾਰ/generic ‘young woman’ gloss (rejected — loses the miraculous, historical, non-repeatable virginal conception)
An unmarried woman who has not had sexual relations. Never soften to a generic ‘young woman’; grounds the Incarnation doctrine’s uniqueness. Occurs at Matthew 1:23.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ
Transliteration: manukkh da puttar
Doctrine: Son of Man
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘a human being’ gloss (rejected — loses the Danielic exalted-authority sense)
Jesus’ preferred self-designation, drawing on Daniel 7’s exalted, divine-authority figure while affirming true humanity. Distinct from, though related to, ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ; must not be flattened to a mere synonym for ‘a human being’ nor collapsed into it. Occurs at 8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:13,27-28; 20:28; 24:27,30,37,44; 25:31; 26:64.
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਨਿੰਦਾ
Transliteration: Pavittar Atma di ninda
Doctrine: Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
Deliberate, hardened attribution of the Holy Spirit’s work to an evil source; the one sin Jesus calls unforgivable. Requires careful pastoral framing so as not to induce false fear over ordinary doubt; must convey settled, final hostility to the Spirit’s testimony. Occurs at 12:31-32.
Peters Confession
Approved rendering: ਤੂੰ ਮਸੀਹ, ਜੀਵਤ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਹੈਂ
Transliteration: Tu Masih, jivat Parmeshar da puttar hain
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: any paraphrased or abbreviated form (rejected — this is a creedal-weight fixed sentence)
Peter’s confession combining the Messiah title with the unique, living-God Sonship title in a single climactic statement. The Gospel’s Christological hinge; must be rendered with full doctrinal weight every occurrence, never paraphrased or abbreviated. Occurs at 16:16.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ਸਦੀਪਕ ਜੀਵਨ
Transliteration: sadipak jivan
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: superior-but-temporary-rebirth-state gloss (rejected)
Life of the age to come, qualitatively and durationally unending. Must convey a single, unending, personal life secured through Christ, not a superior but still temporary state within an ongoing rebirth cycle. Pairs with ਮੁਕਤੀ’s mandatory gloss wherever both occur together. Occurs at 19:16,29; 25:46 (parallel to ਸਦੀਪਕ ਸਜ਼ਾ in the same verse).
Ransom
Approved rendering: ਛੁਟਕਾਰੇ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਲ
Transliteration: chutkare da mul
Doctrine: Atonement as Ransom
Rejected alternatives: ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ alone (rejected — the baseline explicitly rejects bare ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ as a ‘salvation’ substitute; here it must be paired with ਮੁੱਲ to name the distinct atoning-price concept)
The price paid to secure release of a captive; here Jesus’ own life given as the price of others’ release. States substitutionary atonement in its clearest Matthean form. Must not be confused with, or substituted for, ਮੁਕਤੀ. Occurs at 20:28.
Davids Son And Lord
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਦਾਊਦ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ
Transliteration: Daud da puttar ate Daud da prabhu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any smoothed-over resolution of the paradox (rejected)
Jesus’ riddle pressing the logical implication that the Messiah, though David’s descendant, is also David’s superior Lord. Reuses ਦਾਊਦ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ and ਪ੍ਰਭੂ exactly; the paradox must be preserved, not resolved or smoothed over. Occurs at 22:41-45.
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: ਜੁਗ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ
Transliteration: jug da ant
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: invented non-yuga substitute term (rejected — no viable alternative Punjabi word for a historical ‘age’ exists; retained per established Bible-translation precedent with mandatory gloss)
The linear, historical close of the present era at Christ’s return. ਜੁਗ carries strong Hindu yuga-cycle cosmological freight. MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence, on the ਮੁਕਤੀ model: history’s single, linear, once-for-all consummation, not a stage giving way to a new cosmic cycle. Occurs at 24:3; 28:20 (inclusio with 1:23’s Emmanuel).
Coming Of Son Of Man
Approved rendering: ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਦਾ ਆਉਣਾ
Transliteration: manukkh de puttar da aauna
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: private/symbolic-appearance gloss (rejected)
The visible, personal, glorious return of Christ. Must be kept a visible, public, unmistakable event, contrasted with false claims of secret or local appearances (24:23-26). Occurs at 24:27,37,39; 16:27-28.
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: ਸਦੀਪਕ ਸਜ਼ਾ
Transliteration: sadipak saza
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: temporary-afterlife-phase gloss modeled on Hindu naraka (rejected — loses the unending, non-cyclical force)
Unending, conscious just judgment, contrasted directly with eternal life in the same verse (25:46). Must retain full unending force, parallel and equal in duration to ਸਦੀਪਕ ਜੀਵਨ. No strict analogue exists in Hindu/Sikh temporary-afterlife cosmology; requires an explanatory note. Occurs at 25:46.
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: ਨੇਮ ਦਾ ਲਹੂ
Transliteration: nem da lahu
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: merely symbolic remembrance-language gloss (rejected — loses the sacrificial, blood-covenant dimension)
Sacrificial, covenant-ratifying blood, echoing both the Mosaic covenant (Exodus 24:8) and Jeremiah 31’s promised New Covenant. Must retain both the covenant-ratifying and the atoning-sacrifice senses together. Occurs at 26:26-28, reusing baseline ਨੇਮ exactly.
Crucify
Approved rendering: ਸਲੀਬ ਉੱਤੇ ਚੜ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ
Transliteration: salib utte charhauna
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: allegorized/illustrative-only rendering (rejected)
Execution by nailing/binding to a cross — a specific, historical, shameful Roman method of execution. Must not be allegorized away or treated as illustrative only; this is the historical event the metaphorical cross-bearing language (chs. 10, 16) draws its whole force from. Occurs at 20:19; 26:2; 27:22-26,31,35,38.
Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Approved rendering: ਪਿਤਾ, ਪੁੱਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ
Transliteration: Pita, Puttar ate Pavittar Atma de naam vich
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: plural ‘names’ rendering (rejected where Punjabi syntax permits the singular)
A single ‘name’ shared by three distinct Persons — one of the New Testament’s clearest Trinitarian formulas. Reuses ਪਿਤਾ, ਪੁੱਤਰ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਆਤਮਾ exactly; the singular ‘name’ (not ‘names’) shared by three Persons should be preserved grammatically where Punjabi syntax allows. Occurs at 28:19.
I Am With You Always
Approved rendering: ਮੈਂ ਸਦਾ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਹਾਂ, ਜੁਗ ਦੇ ਅੰਤ ਤੱਕ
Transliteration: Main sada tuhade naal haan, jug de ant tak
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Christ’s promise of ongoing presence with his disciples until the consummation of the age. Reuses ਜੁਗ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ and echoes ਇਮਾਨੂਏਲ; note the deliberate inclusio with 1:23 in translator notes so the connection is not lost across separate lesson materials. Occurs at 28:20.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ਖੁਸ਼ਖਬਰੀ
Transliteration: khushkhabri
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁਭ ਸਮਾਚਾਰ
Established Punjabi Christian term, “good news.” Distinguish from any generic positive announcement; the gospel is the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen. In Matthew appears as ‘the gospel of the kingdom’ (4:23; 9:35; 24:14) and ‘this gospel’ (26:13); reuse exactly. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Grace
Approved rendering: ਕਿਰਪਾ
Transliteration: kirpa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ਮੇਹਰ, ਕਰਮ ਦਾ ਫਲ
Sikh theology already has a developed grace vocabulary (ਕਿਰਪਾ/ਨਦਰ) received through the Guru’s mediation and Naam-simran, not through faith in Christ’s atoning work alone. Every use must make the exclusivity of its source in Christ explicit. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence, but the underlying concept pervades Matthew’s theology of unmerited kingdom entry (e.g. 20:1-16, the laborers in the vineyard). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਰਧਾ, ਸਿਦਕ
The object of faith must always be recoverable from context. Matthew’s recurring ‘little faith’ motif (6:30; 8:26; 14:31; 16:8) and ‘great faith’ (8:10; 15:28) must retain ਨਿਹਚਾ exactly, never substituting ਸ਼ਰਧਾ or ਸਿਦਕ. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Apostle
Approved rendering: ਰਸੂਲ
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰੂ, ਦੂਤ
NEVER use ਗੁਰੂ, a title reserved exclusively for the Ten Gurus and the Guru Granth Sahib. Matthew 10:2 lists ‘the names of the twelve apostles’; reuse ਰਸੂਲ exactly. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Called
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Transliteration: saddiya hoya
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਹੋਇਆ
Context-sensitive. Matthew 4:21’s call of James and John and 22:14’s ‘many are called’ both require ਸੱਦਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ exactly, distinguished from a devotee’s self-initiated spiritual seeking. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Calling
Approved rendering: ਸੱਦਾ
Transliteration: sadda
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Noun form for the act or state of being called by God. Reuse wherever Matthew 5:9’s ‘sons of God’ pattern or 22:14 is discussed in study materials. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Saints
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਲੋਕ
Transliteration: pavittar lok
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ਸੰਤ
NEVER use ਸੰਤ; the Sant-led dera tradition is a living, institutionally active category in Punjab today. Occurs at Matthew 27:52, ‘the bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised.’ [Inherited from Romans package.]
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰੀਕਰਨ
Transliteration: pavittarikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧੀਕਰਨ
The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy; distinct from ritual purification. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence but retained for Phase 2 use in supporting material on holy living. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Adoption
Approved rendering: ਦੱਤਕ ਪੁੱਤਰਤਾ
Transliteration: dattak putrata
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ਗੋਦ ਲੈਣਾ
Full son-status with complete inheritance rights. Conceptually underlies Matthew 5:9’s peacemakers ‘called sons of God’ and the Sermon’s repeated ‘your Father’ address (chs. 5-7). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Law
Approved rendering: ਬਿਵਸਥਾ
Transliteration: bivastha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ਧਰਮ, ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ
NEVER use ਧਰਮ or ਸ਼ਰੀਅਤ. Central to Matthew 5:17-18 (‘I have not come to abolish the Law…but to fulfill’), 7:12, 11:13, 22:36,40, 23:23. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Sin
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ
Transliteration: pap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ਅਧਰਮ
Moral transgression before a personal God. Matthew 1:21, 9:2-6 (paired with the authority to forgive), 12:31, 18:15,21-35, and 26:28 all require ਪਾਪ exactly, kept distinct from ritual impurity or bad karma. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Glory
Approved rendering: ਮਹਿਮਾ
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ਜੋਤ
Avoid ਜੋਤ, the Sikh doctrine of divine light transmitted through the Ten Gurus. Occurs at Matthew 6:29, 16:27, 17:2,5 (Transfiguration), 19:28, 24:30, 25:31; context must distinguish created splendor from Christ’s own divine radiance. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ਨਿਹਚਾ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆਕਾਰੀ
Transliteration: nihcha di agiakari
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਫ਼ਰਜ਼
Obedience that flows from faith, not religious duty performed to earn standing. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence but conceptually present throughout the Sermon on the Mount’s call to faith-rooted practice. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di samratha
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ
NEVER ਸ਼ਕਤੀ, which carries a Hindu goddess-power association. Matthew 22:29 (‘you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God’) and 26:64 require ਸਮਰੱਥਾ exactly. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Covenant
Approved rendering: ਨੇਮ
Transliteration: nem
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ਸਮਝੌਤਾ
Relational covenant bond. Matthew 26:28’s Last Supper institution (‘this is my blood of the covenant’) requires ਨੇਮ exactly, retaining both covenant-ratifying and atoning-sacrifice senses together. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Election
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ
Transliteration: Parmeshar di chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ
NEVER ਕਿਸਮਤ. Matthew 22:14 (‘many are called, but few are chosen’) and 24:22,24,31’s apocalyptic ‘the elect’ both require ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦੀ ਚੋਣ exactly. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Providence
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da prabandh
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ਕਿਸਮਤ, ਹੁਕਮ
God’s personal, purposive governance. NEVER ਕਿਸਮਤ. Do not substitute ਹੁਕਮ as the translation itself. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence but conceptually present in 6:25-34 (the Father’s care for birds and lilies) and 10:29-31 (the Father’s knowledge of sparrows). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ ਦੀ ਅੰਸ
Transliteration: Daud di ans
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Genealogical fulfillment phrase, conveying physical lineage — distinct from the new Matthew title ਦਾਊਦ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ (Son of David), which functions as a spoken messianic title rather than a lineage descriptor. Do not treat the two phrases as interchangeable. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: ਸੁਰਗ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: surg da raj
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ (reserved for Matthew’s occasional synonym occurrences only, e.g. 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43, not as a substitute for this characteristic phrase)
God’s inaugurated reign; Matthew’s characteristic phrase (~32 occurrences). ਸੁਰਗ risks being heard as Hindu/Sikh svarga, a temporary merit-based heavenly waystation within ਆਵਾਗਵਣ. MANDATORY clarifying gloss required on every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence, on the same model as ਮੁਕਤੀ, stating this is God’s in-breaking, eternal reign, not a temporary reward-realm. Anchors the core passage at 5:3,10.
Fulfill
Approved rendering: ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰਨਾ / ਪੂਰਾ ਹੋਣਾ
Transliteration: pura karna / pura hona
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
To bring to intended completion, not to annul. Must convey linear historical completion, never a recurring cosmic cycle. Central to Matthew’s fulfillment-quotation formula: 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 5:17; 8:17; 12:17; 13:14,35; 21:4; 26:54,56; 27:9.
Worship Of Christ
Approved rendering: ਮੱਥਾ ਟੇਕਣਾ / ਉਪਾਸਨਾ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: matha tekna / upasana karna
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Ranges from ordinary court obeisance to full religious worship of deity; Matthew’s Christ-directed occurrences intend the latter. ਮੱਥਾ ਟੇਕਣਾ is also the customary physical gesture of reverence before the Guru Granth Sahib, elders, or shrines generally. Every occurrence applied to Jesus (2:2,11; 8:2; 14:33; 28:9,17) must be contextually unambiguous that this is exclusive worship due to one recognized as divine.
Baptize Baptism
Approved rendering: ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ ਦੇਣਾ / ਬਪਤਿਸਮਾ
Transliteration: baptisma dena / baptisma
Doctrine: The Great Commission
A once-for-all initiatory rite marking repentance and identification with Christ. Must be kept doctrinally distinct from the Khalsa Amrit Sanchar initiation rite — different basis, different meaning of the water/element, no ongoing Five Ks-style visible marker. Occurs at 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19.
Follow Discipleship
Approved rendering: ਪਿੱਛੇ ਚੱਲਣਾ / ਮਗਰ ਲੱਗਣਾ
Transliteration: pichhe chalna / magar lagna
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
The technical verb of discipleship — leaving one’s former life to accompany and imitate Jesus. Must convey personal, costly allegiance to Jesus specifically, not generic association with a respected teacher’s circle. Occurs at 4:20,22; 8:19-23; 9:9; 19:27-29.
Perfect
Approved rendering: ਸੰਪੂਰਨ
Transliteration: sampuran
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Wholeness or completeness of character reflecting God’s own undivided love, not flawless self-achieved perfectionism. Must not be heard as a demand for sinless self-perfection achievable through disciplined practice, a reading that would resonate with ascetic-perfection ideals in some South Asian traditions. Occurs at 5:48; 19:21.
Exceeding Righteousness
Approved rendering: ਵਧੀਕ ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ
Transliteration: vadhik dharmikta
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Surpassing quantity or quality of righteousness — inward, Spirit-produced, not stricter external rule-keeping. The ‘exceeding’ must not be read as ‘keep more rules than the Pharisees,’ precisely the misunderstanding Matthew 5:20 corrects. ਧਾਰਮਿਕਤਾ within the phrase remains Critical per baseline; NEVER ਧਰਮ.
Authority
Approved rendering: ਅਧਿਕਾਰ
Transliteration: adhikar
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ਕਤੀ (rejected — associated with mere might/force, not authoritative right; reserve ਸ਼ਕਤੀ’s baseline rejection for power_of_god as well)
Delegated or inherent right and power to act, command, or decide. Must not be flattened to describe merely impressive rhetorical skill; this is Jesus’ inherent, self-authenticating divine authority, extending to forgiving sins, commanding demons, and the Great Commission. Occurs at 7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 21:23-27; 28:18.
Scribes
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰੀ
Transliteration: shastri
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ (FORBIDDEN — the reserved Sikh institutional title for the Guru Granth Sahib’s custodian/reader in a Gurdwara; a category error parallel to the baseline’s ਗੁਰੂ caution)
Professional scholars/copyists and legal interpreters of the Mosaic Law. NEVER ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ. Occurs at 7:29; 9:3; 12:38; 15:1; 16:21; 20:18; 23:1-34.
Little Faith
Approved rendering: ਥੋੜ੍ਹੀ ਨਿਹਚਾ
Transliteration: thorhi nihcha
Doctrine: Faith
A recurring diagnostic term for wavering, small-scale trust in Jesus. Must retain ਨਿਹਚਾ exactly per baseline; do not substitute a different word for ‘faith’ in the compound. Occurs at 6:30; 8:26; 14:31; 16:8.
Forgiveness Of Sins Authority
Approved rendering: ਪਾਪ ਮਾਫ਼ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: paap maaf karna
Doctrine: Sin and the Authority to Forgive
Authoritative release from the debt/guilt of sin — a divine prerogative. The authority to forgive, not merely the concept of forgiveness generally, is the load-bearing claim; pair with ਅਧਿਕਾਰ where the source text pairs it. Occurs at 9:2-6; 26:28.
Cross Take Up
Approved rendering: ਸਲੀਬ / ਸਲੀਬ ਚੁੱਕਣਾ
Transliteration: salib / salib chukna
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘bear your burdens’ softening (rejected)
A Roman execution instrument, repurposed metaphorically for total self-denying allegiance even unto death. The metaphorical use must retain costly, total, public allegiance. Occurs metaphorically at 10:38; 16:24, literally at 27:32,40.
Disciple
Approved rendering: ਚੇਲਾ
Transliteration: chela
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
One who follows and imitates a teacher. ਚੇਲਾ has no adequate substitute but is also the ordinary word for a guru’s or pir’s devotee across Sikh, Hindu, and Sufi contexts. Every doctrinally load-bearing occurrence must make clear this is allegiance to the unique, divine Lord, not membership in one devotee-circle among many. Occurs ~70+ times, climactically at 28:19.
Keys Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: ਰਾਜ ਦੀਆਂ ਕੁੰਜੀਆਂ
Transliteration: raj diyan kunjiyan
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Symbol of delegated administrative authority (cf. Isaiah 22:22). Delegated declarative authority, not a magical or independent power; must be read alongside ਬੰਨ੍ਹਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣਾ. Occurs at 16:19.
Bind And Loose
Approved rendering: ਬੰਨ੍ਹਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣਾ
Transliteration: bandhna ate kholna
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rabbinic-idiom pair for authoritative prohibiting/permitting or declaring bound/forgiven. Must not be understood as ritual binding/exorcistic practice, a real risk given magic-binding motifs present in some regional folk-religious practice; this is authoritative, Spirit-guided declaration by the gathered church. Occurs at 16:19; 18:18.
Church Discipline Procedure
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ
Transliteration: mandli anushasan
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
The step-by-step procedure for addressing sin within the covenant community. The restorative purpose (winning back the brother) must be clear; discipline is corrective care within the covenant family, not punitive exclusion modeled on caste-based social sanction. Occurs at 18:15-17.
Why Forsaken Me
Approved rendering: ਮੇਰੇ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ, ਮੇਰੇ ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ, ਤੂੰ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਕਿਉਂ ਤਿਆਗ ਦਿੱਤਾ?
Transliteration: Mere Parmeshar, mere Parmeshar, tu mainu kiun tiaag ditta?
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Jesus’ cry from the cross, quoting the opening of Psalm 22, a lament psalm that moves from apparent abandonment to eventual vindication. Must retain the psalm’s citation force and its ultimate movement toward vindication, presupposed by the resurrection in ch. 28. Occurs at 27:46.
Make Disciples All Nations
Approved rendering: ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਚੇਲੇ ਬਣਾਓ
Transliteration: sariyan kaumaan de chele banao
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ (rejected as a substitute — that phrase is narrower, gentiles specifically, and would wrongly exclude Israel from the Commission’s scope)
The Great Commission’s central imperative — an active, ongoing task of forming committed followers, not a one-time conversion event. ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ (all nations, including Israel) is intentionally broader than ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ; must not be treated as interchangeable. Occurs at 28:19.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: pavittar
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ਸ਼ੁੱਧ
Set apart for God and morally pure. Present in Matthew as ‘holy city’ (4:5; 27:53), ‘holy place’ (24:15), and the ‘pure in heart’ Beatitude (5:8). Comparatively low-risk since Sikh usage also treats ਪਵਿੱਤਰ as sacred purity without contradictory theology. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Peace
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ
Relational, covenantal peace with God. Matthew 10:34 (‘I have not come to bring peace, but a sword’) uses the term in tension with its ordinary sense and must not be confused with ਸਹਿਜ, the Sikh meditative-equipoise state. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਿਕ ਦਾਤਾਂ
Transliteration: atmik daatan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: ਵਰ
Spirit-given enablements. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence; retained for Phase 2 use if supporting material addresses the parable of the talents (25:14-30) in this register. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Church
Approved rendering: ਮੰਡਲੀ
Transliteration: mandli
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ਮੰਦਰ
NEVER use ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ or ਮੰਦਰ. Matthew 16:18 and 18:17 are the term’s only two occurrences in the Gospel but are foundational for the Church and Church Discipline doctrine. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ਪਰਮੇਸ਼ੁਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ
Transliteration: Parmeshar da Raj
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Matthew’s occasional synonym for his characteristic ‘kingdom of heaven,’ e.g. 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43. Same political-sovereignty caution applies given Khalsa Raj resonance in Punjab. Do not treat as interchangeable in translation choice with ਸੁਰਗ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ — reproduce whichever phrase the source text actually uses. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ਪਰਾਈਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ
Transliteration: paraiyan kaumaan
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ
Matthew 4:15, 6:32, 10:5,18, 12:18,21, 20:19. Distinguish from the Great Commission’s broader ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕੌਮਾਂ (all nations, including Israel) at 28:19 — the two phrases are not interchangeable. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Intercession
Approved rendering: ਵਿਚੋਲਗੀ
Transliteration: vicholgi
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Mediating prayer on behalf of others before God. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence but retained for Phase 2 use in supporting material on the Lord’s Prayer (6:9-13) and Gethsemane (26:36-46). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Mission
Approved rendering: ਪਰਚਾਰ
Transliteration: prachar
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Proclamation of the gospel. Underlies Matthew 10 (the mission discourse), 24:14, and the Great Commission (28:18-20). [Inherited from Romans package.]
David
Approved rendering: ਦਾਊਦ
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Foundational to Matthew’s genealogy (1:1-17) and to the Son of David title (see son_of_david below). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Israel
Approved rendering: ਇਸਰਾਏਲ
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Occurs at Matthew 2:6,20-21; 8:10; 9:33; 10:6,23; 15:24,31; 19:28; 27:9,42. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Abba
Approved rendering: ਅੱਬਾ
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Preserve the Aramaic transliteration with a brief explanatory note on its intimate, filial meaning. No occurrence in Matthew itself (Romans 8:15, Mark 14:36) but retained for cross-curriculum consistency. [Inherited from Romans package.]
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: ਯਹੂਦੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ
Transliteration: Yahudian da patshah
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Political-messianic title used both sincerely (Magi) and mockingly (crucifixion narrative). Guard against a nationalist/political-kingdom misreading, given the historical resonance of ਰਾਜ with the Sikh Empire. Occurs at 2:2; 27:11,29,37.
Repent
Approved rendering: ਤੋਬਾ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: toba karna
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
A decisive reorientation of the whole person toward God, away from sin. ਤੋਬਾ is an established Perso-Arabic-Punjabi loanword shared with Islamic/Sufi usage; ensure it conveys turning toward the living God, not merely ritual remorse. Occurs at 3:2,8,11; 4:17; 11:20-21; 12:41.
Temptation
Approved rendering: ਪਰਤਾਵਾ
Transliteration: partava
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Targeted enticement to sin by a personal adversary, distinct from neutral testing. Jesus succeeding where Israel failed in the wilderness grounds his authority and sinlessness. Occurs at 4:1,3,7; 6:13; 26:41.
Blessed
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨ
Transliteration: dhan
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ (rejected — tied to ਕਿਸਮਤ/fate, already rejected in baseline for ‘election’)
A state of divine favor and flourishing conferred by God, not achieved happiness or luck. Occurs at 5:3-11, the core passage; the first Beatitude sets the pattern for all nine.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: ਆਤਮਾ ਦੇ ਗਰੀਬ
Transliteration: atma de garib
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: literal material-poverty-only gloss (rejected)
Absolute destitution applied to spiritual bankruptcy/utter dependence on God, not economic poverty alone. Occurs at 5:3, the first Beatitude of the core passage, setting the kingdom’s entry-requirement pattern.
Meek
Approved rendering: ਹਲੀਮ
Transliteration: halim
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Gentle strength, power under control, not weakness or passivity. ਹਲੀਮ is a Perso-Arabic-Punjabi loanword shared with Sufi devotional vocabulary; a natural fit, but must convey strength-under-control. Occurs at 5:5, core passage.
Merciful
Approved rendering: ਦਯਾਵਾਨ
Transliteration: dayavan
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Compassionate action toward those in need, rooted in God’s own covenant mercy, not mere sentiment. ਦਯਾ is shared broadly across South Asian religious traditions; ensure it anchors mercy in the personal covenant God revealed in Christ. Occurs at 5:7 (core passage); 9:13; 18:33; 25:31-46.
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: ਮਨ ਦੇ ਪਵਿੱਤਰ
Transliteration: man de pavittar
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Undivided moral and relational integrity of the inner person, not ritual ceremonial cleanness. ‘Seeing God’ must remain a personal, relational vision of a personal God, not mystical merger with an impersonal ultimate reality. Occurs at 5:8 (core passage), anticipated by 15:10-20.
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ
Transliteration: shanti banaun vale
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Active reconciler, not merely a non-quarrelsome person. The resulting ‘sons of God’ identity ties directly to the Adoption doctrine; sonship here is divinely-conferred, not earned by mediating disputes. Occurs at 5:9, core passage.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: ਕਪਟੀ
Transliteration: kapti
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
One who performs piety for human observation rather than acting from genuine inward devotion. Ensure the force (‘performing for an audience’) is not lost as simple ‘liar.’ Occurs at 6:2,5,16; 15:7; 22:18; 23:13-29.
Mammon
Approved rendering: ਮੰਮੋਨ
Transliteration: mammon
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Personified material wealth treated as a rival master/god. No exact cultural personification-of-wealth analogue exists in Punjabi; transliterate with a mandatory brief explanatory note. Occurs at 6:24.
Judge Condemn
Approved rendering: ਨਿਆਂ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: nyaan karna
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Ranges from neutral discernment to condemnatory final judgment; here the condemnatory sense of self-righteous judging of others. Distinguish from legitimate church discipline vocabulary in ch. 18. Occurs at 7:1-2.
Yoke
Approved rendering: ਜੂਲਾ
Transliteration: joola
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Wooden crossbar binding draft animals to labor together; metaphor for a teacher’s discipline/rule of life. Ensure the passage’s point — Jesus’ yoke is uniquely light because he himself carries the burden — is not lost by treating it as generic wisdom-teacher advice. Occurs at 11:29-30.
Rest In Christ
Approved rendering: ਅਰਾਮ
Transliteration: aram
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: ਸਹਿਜ (rejected — the specific Sikh meditative state of equipoise attained through Naam-simran)
Rest for the soul found in relationship with Jesus himself, not through meditative technique or ritual practice. Occurs at 11:28-29.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: ਸਬਤ
Transliteration: sabat
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
The seventh-day rest commanded in the Law. ‘The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath’ (12:8) asserts Jesus’ authority over the Law itself, a lordship claim that must not be softened to mere lenient interpretation. Occurs at 12:1-12.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ਭੇਤ
Transliteration: bhet
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Previously hidden truth now disclosed by revelation, not an esoteric secret reserved for an initiated elite. Must not be read through the lens of esoteric spiritual attainment unlocked through practice; disclosed by God’s initiative to the humble. Occurs at 13:11.
Tradition Of Elders
Approved rendering: ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੀਤ
Transliteration: bazurgan di reet
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Accumulated oral interpretive tradition surrounding the Law, contrasted with the written commandment of God. Must retain the passage’s critical edge — tradition subordinated to, and sometimes contradicting, God’s actual word. Occurs at 15:1-9.
Defile
Approved rendering: ਅਸ਼ੁੱਧ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: ashudh karna
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Ritual or moral defilement; Jesus relocates its source from external practice to the heart. Ensure the heart-source vs. ritual-source contrast is preserved. Occurs at 15:10-20.
Deny Oneself
Approved rendering: ਆਪੇ ਤੋਂ ਇਨਕਾਰ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: aape ton inkaar karna
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Renunciation of self-interest and self-preservation as the basic posture of discipleship. Must convey renunciation for Christ’s sake specifically, distinct from generic ascetic self-denial practiced as a spiritual technique in its own right. Occurs at 16:24.
Transfigured
Approved rendering: ਰੂਪ ਬਦਲਣਾ
Transliteration: roop badalna
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
A visible, temporary unveiling of pre-existing divine glory, not a change of nature or acquisition of a new status. Must be framed as unveiling of existing divine glory, not attainment of a higher spiritual state through practice. Occurs at 17:2.
Serve Service
Approved rendering: ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: seva karna
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Humble, practical service, not honorary status-seeking. ਸੇਵਾ carries strong positive resonance in Sikh devotional practice (langar); ensure it stays anchored to Christ’s specific self-giving act (paired with ਛੁਟਕਾਰੇ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਲ, 20:28) rather than a generic virtue divorced from him. Occurs at 20:26-28.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: ਖੂੰਜੇ ਦਾ ਪੱਥਰ
Transliteration: khunje da pathar
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
The load-bearing cornerstone of a building, applied to the rejected-yet-vindicated Messiah (Psalm 118:22). Ensure the rejection-then-vindication narrative arc is not lost. Occurs at 21:42.
Greatest Commandment Love
Approved rendering: ਪਿਆਰ ਕਰੋ
Transliteration: piyar karo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Covenant loyalty and self-giving devotion, commanded toward God and neighbor. Must retain the totalizing, covenant-loyalty sense (‘with all your heart, soul, and mind’), not reduced to affectionate feeling. Occurs at 22:37-40.
Pharisees
Approved rendering: ਫ਼ਰੀਸੀ
Transliteration: Farisi
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
A first-century Jewish religious-legal movement emphasizing detailed oral-law observance. Established Bible-translation proper noun; ensure it names a specific historical Jewish party, not a generalized stand-in for ‘religious hypocrites’ of any tradition. Occurs at 3:7; 5:20; 9:11,34; 12:2,14,24,38; 15:1,12; 16:1,6,11-12; 19:3; 22:15,34,41; 23:2-29.
Rabbi
Approved rendering: ਰਬੀ
Transliteration: rabi
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ਰੱਬੀ (FORBIDDEN SPELLING — visually/phonetically collides with ਰੱਬ, ‘God,’ plus the adjectival suffix)
An honorific teacher’s title. Spell ਰਬੀ, never ਰੱਬੀ. Jesus’ prohibition against seeking this title (23:8-10) parallels the baseline’s ਗੁਰੂ caution for apostle. Occurs at 23:7-8; 26:25,49.
Watchful
Approved rendering: ਜਾਗਦੇ ਰਹੋ
Transliteration: jaagde raho
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Active spiritual alertness and readiness, not passive waiting. Must convey active moral readiness through faithful present obedience, not merely literal wakefulness or date-calculation. Occurs at 24:42-44; 25:13; 26:38-41.
Least Of These
Approved rendering: ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਛੋਟਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ
Transliteration: inhan chotian vichon ik
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
The most vulnerable and overlooked members of the human community. The Christological identification (‘you did it to me’) must not be lost, reducing the passage to generic social ethics. Occurs at 25:40,45.
Betray Hand Over
Approved rendering: ਧੋਖਾ ਦੇਣਾ / ਹਵਾਲੇ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: dhokha dena / havale karna
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Ranges from neutral ‘hand over/deliver’ to treacherous betrayal, and also describes the Father’s own handing over of the Son. Context must distinguish the treacherous-betrayal sense (Judas) from the purposive-handing-over sense (the Father’s plan). Occurs at 26:15-16,24,45-46.
Temple Curtain
Approved rendering: ਹੈਕਲ ਦਾ ਪਰਦਾ
Transliteration: haikal da parda
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
The veil separating the Holy of Holies; its tearing signals a change in the terms of access to God’s presence. The theological significance (opened access to God) is not stated explicitly within Matthew’s own text and needs a brief explanatory note. Occurs at 27:51.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
Transliteration: dhanvad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Standard term. Occurs at Matthew 15:36 and 26:27 (giving thanks before feeding/the Last Supper). [Inherited from Romans package.]
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ਸੰਗਤ
Transliteration: sangat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ਦੋਸਤੀ
OPPORTUNITY: a genuine bridge word central to Sikh communal worship without importing contradictory theology. No single load-bearing Matthean occurrence but useful in supporting material on the gathered community of disciples. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Prophet
Approved rendering: ਨਬੀ
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Frequent throughout Matthew’s fulfillment-quotation formula and 23:29-37’s lament over the prophets. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ
Transliteration: bhavikhbani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Underlies Matthew’s dense fulfillment-quotation formula in chs. 1-2, 4, 8, 12-13, 21, 27. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Exhort
Approved rendering: ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ
Transliteration: utshahit karna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Context-sensitive: ਬੇਨਤੀ for beseeching; ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰਨਾ for building up. Note the distinct ‘comfort/console’ sense of παρακαλέω at Matthew 5:4 uses different vocabulary (ਤਸੱਲੀ ਦੇਣੀ, see 07_semantic_analysis.md); do not import this entry’s rendering there. [Inherited from Romans package.]
Parable
Approved rendering: ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਂਤ
Transliteration: drishtant
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
An extended figurative narrative teaching a spiritual truth by analogy. Established Punjabi Bible term; occurs throughout ch. 13 and elsewhere.
Little Ones
Approved rendering: ਛੋਟੇ / ਨਿੱਕੇ
Transliteration: chhote / nikke
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Vulnerable, low-status members of the community. Standard vocabulary, minimal risk. Occurs at 18:6,10,14.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: ਹੋਸੰਨਾ
Transliteration: hosanna
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
A liturgical acclamation of praise/petition addressed to the coming Davidic king. Established liturgical transliteration; retain untranslated with a brief gloss (‘save/rescue us now’) if the audience is unfamiliar. Occurs at 21:9,15.
Referenced passages